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Nguyen NBA, Chen LY, El-Shazly M, Peng BR, Su JH, Wu HC, Lee IT, Lai KH. Towards Sustainable Medicinal Resources through Marine Soft Coral Aquaculture: Insights into the Chemical Diversity and the Biological Potential. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100640. [PMID: 36286463 PMCID: PMC9604854 DOI: 10.3390/md20100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, aquaculture techniques for soft corals have made remarkable progress in terms of conditions and productivity. Researchers have been able to obtain larger quantities of soft corals, thus larger quantities of biologically active metabolites, allowing them to study their biological activity in many pharmacological assays and even produce sufficient quantities for clinical trials. In this review, we summarize 201 secondary metabolites that have been identified from cultured soft corals in the era from 2002 to September 2022. Various types of diterpenes (eunicellins, cembranes, spatanes, norcembranes, briaranes, and aquarianes), as well as biscembranes, sterols, and quinones were discovered and subjected to bioactivity investigations in 53 different studies. We also introduce a more in-depth discussion of the potential biological effects (anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial) and the mechanisms of action of the identified secondary metabolites. We hope this review will shed light on the untapped potential applications of aquaculture to produce valuable secondary metabolites to tackle current and emerging health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Bao An Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Bo-Rong Peng
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6157)
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Cerri F, Saliu F, Maggioni D, Montano S, Seveso D, Lavorano S, Zoia L, Gosetti F, Lasagni M, Orlandi M, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Galli P. Cytotoxic Compounds from Alcyoniidae. An Overview of the Last 30 Years. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020134. [PMID: 35200663 PMCID: PMC8874409 DOI: 10.3390/md20020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The octocoral family Alcyoniidae represents a rich source of bioactive substances with intriguing and unique structural features. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the compounds isolated from Alcyoniidae and displaying potential cytotoxic activity. In order to allow a better comparison among the bioactive compounds, we focused on molecules evaluated in vitro by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, by far the most widely used method to analyze cell proliferation and viability. Specifically, we surveyed the last thirty years of research, finding 153 papers reporting on 344 compounds with proven cytotoxicity. The data were organized in tables to provide a ranking of the most active compounds, to be exploited for the selection of the most promising candidates for further screening and pre-clinical evaluation as anti-cancer agents. Specifically, we found that (22S,24S)-24-methyl-22,25-epoxyfurost-5-ene-3β,20β-diol (16), 3β,11-dihydroxy-24-methylene-9,11-secocholestan-5-en-9-one (23), (24S)-ergostane-3β,5α,6β,25 tetraol (146), sinulerectadione (227), sinulerectol C (229), and cladieunicellin I (277) exhibited stronger cytotoxicity than their respective positive control and that their mechanism of action has not yet been further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cerri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesco Saliu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0264482813
| | - Davide Maggioni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
| | - Simone Montano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
| | - Davide Seveso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
| | - Silvia Lavorano
- Costa Edutainment SpA—Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Luca Zoia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Marina Lasagni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Marco Orlandi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | | | - Paolo Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
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3
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Huang YZ, Jin Z, Wang ZM, Qi LB, Song S, Zhu BW, Dong XP. Marine Bioactive Compounds as Nutraceutical and Functional Food Ingredients for Potential Oral Health. Front Nutr 2021; 8:686663. [PMID: 34926539 PMCID: PMC8675007 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.686663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases have received considerable attention worldwide as one of the major global public health problems. The development of oral diseases is influenced by socioeconomic, physiological, traumatic, biological, dietary and hygienic practices factors. Currently, the main prevention strategy for oral diseases is to inhibit the growth of biofilm-producing plaque bacteria. Tooth brushing is the most common method of cleaning plaque, aided by mouthwash and sugar-free chewing gum in the daily routine. As the global nutraceutical market grows, marine bioactive compounds are becoming increasingly popular among consumers for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. However, to date, few systematic summaries and studies on the application of marine bioactive compounds in oral health exist. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different marine-sourced bioactive compounds and their health benefits in dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis, oral cancer, and their potential use as functional food ingredients for oral health. In addition, limitations and challenges of the application of these active ingredients are discussed and some observations on current work and future trends are presented in the conclusion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe-Ming Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Bo Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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4
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Luparello C, Mauro M, Lazzara V, Vazzana M. Collective Locomotion of Human Cells, Wound Healing and Their Control by Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Marine Invertebrates. Molecules 2020; 25:E2471. [PMID: 32466475 PMCID: PMC7321354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The collective migration of cells is a complex integrated process that represents a common theme joining morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and tumor biology. It is known that a remarkable amount of secondary metabolites produced by aquatic invertebrates displays active pharmacological properties against a variety of diseases. The aim of this review is to pick up selected studies that report the extraction and identification of crude extracts or isolated compounds that exert a modulatory effect on collective cell locomotion and/or skin tissue reconstitution and recapitulate the molecular, biochemical, and/or physiological aspects, where available, which are associated to the substances under examination, grouping the producing species according to their taxonomic hierarchy. Taken all of the collected data into account, marine invertebrates emerge as a still poorly-exploited valuable resource of natural products that may significantly improve the process of skin regeneration and restrain tumor cell migration, as documented by in vitro and in vivo studies. Therefore, the identification of the most promising invertebrate-derived extracts/molecules for the utilization as new targets for biomedical translation merits further and more detailed investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (M.M.); (V.L.); (M.V.)
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Hanif N, Murni A, Tanaka C, Tanaka J. Marine Natural Products from Indonesian Waters. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060364. [PMID: 31248122 PMCID: PMC6627775 DOI: 10.3390/md17060364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are primal and have been a driver in the evolution of organic chemistry and ultimately in science. The chemical structures obtained from marine organisms are diverse, reflecting biodiversity of genes, species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is an extraordinary feature of life and provides benefits to humanity while promoting the importance of environment conservation. This review covers the literature on marine natural products (MNPs) discovered in Indonesian waters published from January 1970 to December 2017, and includes 732 original MNPs, 4 structures isolated for the first time but known to be synthetic entities, 34 structural revisions, 9 artifacts, and 4 proposed MNPs. Indonesian MNPs were found in 270 papers from 94 species, 106 genera, 64 families, 32 orders, 14 classes, 10 phyla, and 5 kingdoms. The emphasis is placed on the structures of organic molecules (original and revised), relevant biological activities, structure elucidation, chemical ecology aspects, biosynthesis, and bioorganic studies. Through the synthesis of past and future data, huge and partly undescribed biodiversity of marine tropical invertebrates and their importance for crucial societal benefits should greatly be appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novriyandi Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Anggia Murni
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16128, Indonesia.
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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6
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In Vitro and In Vivo Neuroprotective Effects of Stellettin B Through Anti-Apoptosis and the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060315. [PMID: 31146323 PMCID: PMC6627894 DOI: 10.3390/md17060315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical agents for halting the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are lacking. The current available medications only relieve clinical symptoms and may cause severe side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel drug candidates for PD. In this study, we demonstrated the neuroprotective activity of stellettin B (SB), a compound isolated from marine sponges. We showed that SB could significantly protect SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA-induced cellular damage by inhibiting cell apoptosis and oxidative stress through PI3K/Akt, MAPK, caspase cascade modulation and Nrf2/HO-1 cascade modulation, respectively. In addition, an in vivo study showed that SB reversed 6-OHDA-induced a locomotor deficit in a zebrafish model of PD. The potential for developing SB as a candidate drug for PD treatment is discussed.
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7
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Wu YJ, Su TR, Dai GF, Su JH, Liu CI. Flaccidoxide-13-Acetate-Induced Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells is through Activation of p38/JNK, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulated Pathway. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050287. [PMID: 31086026 PMCID: PMC6562797 DOI: 10.3390/md17050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaccidoxide-13-acetate, an active compound isolated from cultured-type soft coral Sinularia gibberosa, has been shown to have inhibitory effects against invasion and cell migration of RT4 and T24 human bladder cancer cells. In our study, we used an 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation assay, and flow cytometry to determine the mechanisms of the anti-tumor effect of flaccidoxide-13-acetate. The MTT and colony formation assays showed that the cytotoxic effect of flaccidoxide-13-acetate on T24 and RT4 cells was dose-dependent, and the number of colonies formed in the culture was reduced with increasing flaccidoxide-13-acetate concentration. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that flaccidoxide-13-acetate induced late apoptotic events in both cell lines. Additionally, we found that flaccidoxide-13-acetate treatment upregulated the expressions of cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 9, Bax, and Bad, and down-regulated the expressions of Bcl-2, p-Bad, Bcl-x1, and Mcl-1. The results indicated that apoptotic events were mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction via the caspase-dependent pathway. Flaccidoxide-13-acetate also provoked endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and led to activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF6-CHOP pathway. Moreover, we examined the PI3K/AKT signal pathway, and found that the expressions of phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K) and AKT (p-AKT) were decreased with flaccidoxide-13-acetate concentrations. On the other hand, our results showed that the phosphorylated JNK and p38 were obviously activated. The results support the idea that flaccidoxide-13-acetate-induced apoptosis is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and activation of both the p38 and JNK pathways, and also relies on inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling. These findings imply that flaccidoxide-13-acetate has potential in the development of chemotherapeutic agents for human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 81363, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Rong Su
- Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan.
| | - Guo-Fong Dai
- Department of Biological Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 81363, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-I Liu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
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Cole DW, Svider PF, Shenouda KG, Lee PB, Yoo NG, McLeod TM, Mutchnick SA, Yoo GH, Kaufman RJ, Callaghan MU, Fribley AM. Targeting the unfolded protein response in head and neck and oral cavity cancers. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111386. [PMID: 31075256 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many FDA-approved anti-cancer therapies, targeted toward a wide array of molecular targets and signaling networks, have been demonstrated to activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Despite a critical role for UPR signaling in the apoptotic execution of cancer cells by many of these compounds, the authors are currently unaware of any instance whereby a cancer drug was developed with the UPR as the intended target. With the essential role of the UPR as a driving force in the genesis and maintenance of the malignant phenotype, a great number of pre-clinical studies have surged into the medical literature describing the ability of dozens of compounds to induce UPR signaling in a myriad of cancer models. The focus of the current work is to review the literature and explore the role of the UPR as a mediator of chemotherapy-induced cell death in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) and oral cavity (OCSCC), with an emphasis on preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Cole
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peter F Svider
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kerolos G Shenouda
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paul B Lee
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester Hills, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas G Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thomas M McLeod
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sean A Mutchnick
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - George H Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael U Callaghan
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew M Fribley
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA; Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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9
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Huang C, Zhang Z, Cui W. Marine-Derived Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040221. [PMID: 30978965 PMCID: PMC6520879 DOI: 10.3390/md17040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to the motor dysfunctions of patients. Although the etiology of PD is still unclear, the death of dopaminergic neurons during PD progress was revealed to be associated with the abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein, the elevation of oxidative stress, the dysfunction of mitochondrial functions, and the increase of neuroinflammation. However, current anti-PD therapies could only produce symptom-relieving effects, because they could not provide neuroprotective effects, stop or delay the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Marine-derived natural compounds, with their novel chemical structures and unique biological activities, may provide anti-PD neuroprotective effects. In this study, we have summarized anti-PD marine-derived natural products which have shown pharmacological activities by acting on various PD targets, such as α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase B, and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, marine-derived natural compounds currently evaluated in the clinical trials for the treatment of PD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Huang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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10
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Lin YC, Su JH, Lin SC, Chang CC, Hsia TC, Tung YT, Lin CC. A Soft Coral-Derived Compound, 11-Dehydrosinulariolide, Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120479. [PMID: 30513611 PMCID: PMC6315988 DOI: 10.3390/md16120479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
11-Dehydrosinulariolide, an active compound that is isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, has been suggested to show anti-tumor biological characteristics according to previous studies. However, its potential effect on small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unknown. The present study investigates the underlying mechanism for the treatment of SCLC in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability was examined using the methyl-thiazol-diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry was applied to evaluate cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The expression of proteins related to the cell cycle and apoptosis was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Additionally, an in vivo study was performed to determine the anti-SCLC effect on an H1688 subcutaneous tumor in a BALB/c nude mouse model. 11-Dehydrosinulariolide inhibited cell growth, triggered G2/M arrest and induced H1688 cell apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, 11-dehydrosinulariolide caused the accumulation of p53 and Bax, accompanied by the activation of DNA damage-inducing kinases, including ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2). Moreover, 11-dehydrosinulariolide increased the activity of caspase-3 and -7, suggesting that caspases are involved in 11-dehydrosinulariolide-induced apoptosis. 11-Dehydrosinulariolide also increased the level of tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and inhibited the expression of phosphorylated Akt. In the in vivo study, the intraperitoneal injection of 11-dehydrosinulariolide at a dosage of 10 mg/kg significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the control treatment. Together, the data indicate that 11-dehydrosinulariolide induces G (2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through various cellular processes, including the upregulation of p53 and Bax, activation of ATM and Chk2, activation of caspase-3 and -7, and accumulation of PTEN, leading to inhibition of the Akt pathway. These findings suggest that 11-dehydrosinulariolide might serve as a promising chemotherapy drug in the treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Chia-Che Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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11
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Chung TW, Li YR, Huang WY, Su JH, Chan HL, Lin SH, Liu CS, Lin SC, Lin CC, Lin CH. Sinulariolide suppresses LPS‑induced phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6992-7000. [PMID: 28901434 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The dendritic cell (DC) maturation process is essential for the development of T cell responses and immune tolerance. Accordingly, DCs are considered a major target in the development of immunomodulating agents. In the present study, the effect of sinulariolide, an active compound isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced murine bone marrow‑derived DCs was evaluated. The different phenotypes, cytokine secretion and the mix‑lymphocyte reaction of DCs were detected using flow cytometry and ELISA. The experimental results revealed that the phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs stimulated by LPS were markedly reduced by sinulariolide in a concentration‑dependent manner, including the expression of co‑stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86). In addition, sinulariolide reduced the release of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑12 and nitric oxide from the LPS‑activated DCs, decreased their abilities to stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation, and inhibited LPS‑induced nuclear factor‑κB pathways. These findings offer novel insight into the immunopharmacological function of sinulariolide and its effects on DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wen Chung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology and Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Rong Li
- Department of Medical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei Yuan Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung‑Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology and Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Hao Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung‑Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung‑Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
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12
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Sinulariolide Suppresses Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 and Urokinase through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15080238. [PMID: 28767067 PMCID: PMC5577593 DOI: 10.3390/md15080238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinulariolide is a natural product extracted from the cultured-type soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, and possesses bioactivity against the movement of several types of cancer cells. However, the molecular pathway behind its effects on human bladder cancer remain poorly understood. Using a human bladder cancer cell line as an in vitro model, this study investigated the underlying mechanism of sinulariolide against cell migration/invasion in TSGH-8301 cells. We found that sinulariolide inhibited TSGH-8301 cell migration/invasion, and the effect was concentration-dependent. Furthermore, the protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as urokinase, were significantly decreased after 24-h sinulariolide treatment. Meanwhile, the increased expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were in parallel with an increased concentration of sinulariolide. Finally, the expressions of several key phosphorylated proteins in the mTOR signaling pathway were also downregulated by sinulariolide treatment. Our results demonstrated that sinulariolide has significant effects against TSGH-8301 cell migration/invasion, and its effects were associated with decreased levels of MMP-2/-9 and urokinase expression, as well as increased TIMP-1/TIMP-2 expression. The inhibitory effects were mediated by reducing phosphorylation proteins of the PI3K, AKT, and mTOR signaling pathway. The findings suggested that sinulariolide is a good candidate for advanced investigation with the aim of developing a new drug for the treatment of human bladder cancer.
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Interactome Analysis of 11-Dehydrosinulariolide-Treated Oral Carcinoma Cell Lines Such as Ca9-22 and CAL-27 and Melanoma Cell Line. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Overexpression of Ubiquinol-Cytochrome c Reductase Core Protein 1 May Protect H9c2 Cardiac Cells by Binding with Zinc. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1314297. [PMID: 28676853 PMCID: PMC5476884 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1314297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In several recent studies, proteomics analyses suggest that increase of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) is cardio-protective. However, direct evidence for this effect has not yet been obtained. Thus, the current study aimed to determine this effect and the mechanism underlying this effect. The results showed that overexpression of UQCRC1 protected H9c2 cardiac cells against in vitro simulated ischemia-reperfusion by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and suppressing the expression of caspase-3. These protective effects were significantly enhanced by exogenous Zn2+ but completely abolished by Zn2+-selective chelator TPEN. Furthermore, the upregulation of UQCRC1 reduced the concentration of free Zn2+ in mitochondria, whereas the downregulation of UQCRC1 increased the concentration of free Zn2+ in mitochondria. In conclusion, the overexpression of UQCRC1 can protect H9c2 cardiac cells against simulated ischemia/reperfusion, and this cardio-protective effect is likely mediated by zinc binding.
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Lin JJ, Wang RYL, Chen JC, Chiu CC, Liao MH, Wu YJ. Cytotoxicity of 11-epi-Sinulariolide Acetate Isolated from Cultured Soft Corals on HA22T Cells through the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111787. [PMID: 27801783 PMCID: PMC5133788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds from soft corals have been increasingly used for their antitumor therapeutic properties. This study examined 11-epi-sinulariolide acetate (11-epi-SA), an active compound isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, to determine its potential antitumor effect on four hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Cell viability was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the results demonstrated that 11-epi-SA treatment showed more cytotoxic effect toward HA22T cells. Protein profiling of the 11-epi-SA-treated HA22T cells revealed substantial protein alterations associated with stress response and protein synthesis and folding, suggesting that the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) play roles in 11-epi-SA-initiated apoptosis. Moreover, 11-epi-SA activated caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death, suggesting that mitochondria-related apoptosis genes were involved in programmed cell death. The unfolded protein response signaling pathway-related proteins were also activated on 11-epi-SA treatment, and these changes were accompanied by the upregulated expression of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD153) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), the genes encoding transcription factors associated with growth arrest and apoptosis under prolonged ER stress. Two inhibitors, namely salubrinal (Sal) and SP600125, partially abrogated 11-epi-SA-related cell death, implying that the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)–activating transcription factor (ATF) 6–CHOP or the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)–c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)–cJun signal pathway was activated after 11-epi-SA treatment. In general, these results suggest that 11-epi-SA exerts cytotoxic effects on HA22T cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jie Lin
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Robert Y L Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Jiing-Chuan Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hui Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
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16
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Neuroprotective Effect of the Marine-Derived Compound 11-Dehydrosinulariolide through DJ-1-Related Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Parkinson's Disease. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14100187. [PMID: 27763504 PMCID: PMC5082335 DOI: 10.3390/md14100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and gait impairment. In a previous study, we found that the marine-derived compound 11-dehydrosinulariolide (11-de) upregulates the Akt/PI3K pathway to protect cells against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-mediated damage. In the present study, SH-SY5Y, zebrafish and rats were used to examine the therapeutic effect of 11-de. The results revealed the mechanism by which 11-de exerts its therapeutic effect: the compound increases cytosolic or mitochondrial DJ-1 expression, and then activates the downstream Akt/PI3K, p-CREB, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Additionally, we found that 11-de could reverse the 6-OHDA-induced downregulation of total swimming distance in a zebrafish model of PD. Using a rat model of PD, we showed that a 6-OHDA-induced increase in the number of turns, and increased time spent by rats on the beam, could be reversed by 11-de treatment. Lastly, we showed that 6-OHDA-induced attenuation in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a dopaminergic neuronal marker, in zebrafish and rat models of PD could also be reversed by treatment with 11-de. Moreover, the patterns of DJ-1 expression observed in this study in the zebrafish and rat models of PD corroborated the trend noted in previous in vitro studies.
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Nagappan A, Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma V, Hong GE, Lee HJ, Shin SC, Kim EH, Lee WS, Kim GS. Proteomic analysis of selective cytotoxic anticancer properties of flavonoids isolated from Citrus platymamma on A549 human lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3814-22. [PMID: 27573346 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus platymamma Hort. ex Tanaka (Byungkyul in Korean) has been used in Korean folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer properties of flavonoids isolated from C. platymamma (FCP) remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study attempted to identify the key proteins, which may be important in the anticancer effects of FCP on A549 cells using a proteomic approach. FCP showed a potent cytotoxic effect on the A549 human lung cancer cells, however, it had no effect on WI‑38 human fetal lung fibroblasts at the same concentrations. Furthermore, 15 differentially expressed protein spots (spot intensities ≥2‑fold change; P<0.05) were obtained from comparative proteome analysis of two‑dimensional gel electrophoresis maps of the control (untreated) and FCP‑treated A549 cells. Finally, eight differentially expressed proteins, one of which was upregulated and seven of which were downregulated, were successfully identified using matrix‑assisted laser desorption/ionization time‑of‑flight/time‑of‑flight tandem mass spectrometry and peptide mass fingerprinting analysis. Specifically, proteins involved in signal transduction were significantly downregulated, including annexin A1 (ANXA1) and ANXA4, whereas 14‑3‑3ε was upregulated. Cytoskeletal proteins, including cofilin‑1 (CFL1), cytokeratin 8 (KRT8) and KRT79, and molecular chaperones/heat shock proteins, including endoplasmin, were downregulated. Proteins involved in protein metabolism, namely elongation factor Ts were also downregulated. Consistent with results of the proteome analysis, the immunoblotting results showed that 14‑3‑3ε was upregulated, whereas CFL1, ANXA4 and KRT8 were downregulated in the FCP‑treated A549 cells. The majority of the proteins were involved in tumor growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and signal transduction. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying FCP-induced anticancer effects on A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulkumar Nagappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Eun Hong
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑759, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660‑701, Republic of Korea
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Wu YJ, Wong BS, Yea SH, Lu CI, Weng SH. Sinularin Induces Apoptosis through Mitochondria Dysfunction and Inactivation of the pI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Gastric Carcinoma Cells. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14080142. [PMID: 27472346 PMCID: PMC4999903 DOI: 10.3390/md14080142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinularin is an active compound isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. In this study, we investigated the effects of sinularin on two human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and NCI-N87. Our results demonstrated that sinularin suppressed the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. In addition, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome C, the activation of Bax, Bad and caspase-3/9, and the suppression of p-Bad, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 were observed in the cells treated with sinularin. This finding suggests that sinularin-induced apoptosis is associated with mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and occurs through caspase-dependent pathways. Furthermore, sinularin inhibited the phosphoinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of the rapamycin signaling pathway. Taken together, our results show that sinularin-induced apoptosis is mediated by activation of the caspase cascade and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings suggest that sinularin merits further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Bing-Sang Wong
- Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hao Yea
- Yu Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kaoshiun 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-I Lu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Hsiang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
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19
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Berberine-induced changes in protein expression and antioxidant enzymes in melanoma cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sinulariolide Suppresses Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 through MAPKs and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26204832 PMCID: PMC4519960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160716469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinulariolide is an active compound isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. In this study, we investigate the migration and invasion effects of sinulariolide in hepatocellular carcinoma cell HA22T. Sinulariolide inhibited the migration and invasion effects of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of zymography assay showed that sinulariolide suppressed the activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) were reduced by sinulariolide in a concentration-dependent manner. Sinulariolide also exerted an inhibitory effect on phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2). Taken together, these results demonstrated that sinulariolide could inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion and alter HA22T cell metastasis by reduction of MMP-2, MMP-9, and uPA expression through the suppression of MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, and the FAK/GRB2 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that sinulariolide merits further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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A Survey of Marine Natural Compounds and Their Derivatives with Anti-cancer Activity Reported in 2012. Molecules 2015; 20:7097-142. [PMID: 25903364 PMCID: PMC6272635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20047097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although considerable effort and progress has been made in the search for new anticancer drugs and treatments in the last several decades, cancer remains a major public health problem and one of the major causes of death worldwide. Many sources, including plants, animals, and minerals, are of interest in cancer research because of the possibility of identifying novel molecular therapeutics. Moreover, structure-activity-relationship (SAR) investigations have become a common way to develop naturally derived or semi-synthetic molecular analogues with improved efficacy and decreased toxicity. In 2012, approximately 138 molecules from marine sources, including isolated compounds and their associated analogues, were shown to be promising anticancer drugs. Among these, 62% are novel compounds. In this report, we review the marine compounds identified in 2012 that may serve as novel anticancer drugs.
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Su CC, Chen JYF, Din ZH, Su JH, Yang ZY, Chen YJ, Wang RYL, Wu YJ. 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide induces apoptosis on human gastric carcinoma cells through mitochondria-related apoptotic pathways: p38/JNK activation and PI3K/AKT suppression. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5295-315. [PMID: 25342459 PMCID: PMC4210900 DOI: 10.3390/md12105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
13-acetoxysarcocrassolide (13-AC), an active compound isolated from cultured Formosa soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule, was found to possess anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities against AGS (human gastric adenocarcinoma cells) gastric carcinoma cells. The anti-tumor effects of 13-AC were determined by MTT assay, colony formation assessment, cell wound-healing assay, TUNEL/4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry. 13-AC inhibited the growth and migration of gastric carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced both early and late apoptosis as assessed by flow cytometer analysis. 13-AC-induced apoptosis was confirmed through observation of a change in ΔΨm, up-regulated expression levels of Bax and Bad proteins, down-regulated expression levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 proteins, and the activation of caspase-3, caspase-9, p38 and JNK. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 and JNK activity by pretreatment with SB03580 (a p38-specific inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK-specific inhibitor) led to rescue of the cell cytotoxicity of 13-AC-treated AGS cells, indicating that the p38 and the JNK pathways are also involved in the 13-AC-induced cell apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that 13-AC induces cell apoptosis against gastric cancer cells through triggering of the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway as well as activation of the p38 and JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Su
- Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan.
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Zhong-Hao Din
- Graduate Institute of Applied Healthy and Biotechnology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94446, Taiwan.
| | - Zih-Yan Yang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Robert Y L Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
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Lin JJ, Su JH, Tsai CC, Chen YJ, Liao MH, Wu YJ. 11-epi-Sinulariolide acetate reduces cell migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma by reducing the activation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK and FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4783-98. [PMID: 25222667 PMCID: PMC4178498 DOI: 10.3390/md12094783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is one of the major causes of death in cancer. An active compound, 11-epi-sinulariolide acetate (11-epi-SA), isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis has been examined for potential anti-cell migration and invasion effects on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). However, the molecular mechanism of anti-migration and invasion by 11-epi-SA on HCC, along with their corresponding effects, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated anti-migration and invasion effects and the underlying mechanism of 11-epi-SA in HA22T cells, and discovered by trans-well migration and invasion assays that 11-epi-SA provided a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the migration of human HCC HA22T cells. After treatment with 11-epi-SA for 24 h, there were suppressed protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in HA22T cells. Meanwhile, the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that 11-epi-SA suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK. The 11-epi-SA also suppressed the expression of the phosphorylation of FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jie Lin
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chu Tsai
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Improvement Station, Pingtung 900, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80761, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hui Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
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Li HH, Su JH, Chiu CC, Lin JJ, Yang ZY, Hwang WI, Chen YK, Lo YH, Wu YJ. Proteomic investigation of the sinulariolide-treated melanoma cells A375: effects on the cell apoptosis through mitochondrial-related pathway and activation of caspase cascade. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2625-42. [PMID: 23880933 PMCID: PMC3736442 DOI: 10.3390/md11072625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinulariolide is an active compound isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. In this study, we investigated the effects of sinulariolide on A375 melanoma cell growth and protein expression. Sinulariolide suppressed the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner and was found to induce both early and late apoptosis by flow cytometric analysis. Comparative proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of sinulariolide at the molecular level by comparison between the protein profiles of melanoma cells treated with sinulariolide and those without treatment. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) master maps of control and treated A375 cells were generated by analysis with PDQuest software. Comparison between these maps showed up- and downregulation of 21 proteins, seven of which were upregulated and 14 were downregulated. The proteomics studies described here identify some proteins that are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis-associated proteins, including heat shock protein 60, heat shock protein beta-1, ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase complex core protein 1, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD) subunit alpha (down-regulated), and prohibitin (up-regulated), in A375 melanoma cells exposed to sinulariolide. Sinulariolide-induced apoptosis is relevant to mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathways, elucidated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, and activation of Bax, Bad and caspase-3/-9, as well as suppression of p-Bad, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. Taken together, our results show that sinulariolide-induced apoptosis might be related to activation of the caspase cascade and mitochondria dysfunction pathways. Our results suggest that sinulariolide merits further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Hui Li
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; E-Mails: (H.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; E-Mails: (H.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80761, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jen-Jie Lin
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Zih-Yan Yang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wen-Ing Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-I.H.); (Y.-K.C.)
| | - Yu-Kuei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-I.H.); (Y.-K.C.)
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lo
- Excellence Biotech Co., Kaohsiung 80655, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80761, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-8-7799821 (ext. 8613); Fax: +886-8-7797821
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25
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Upregulation of phosphorylated HSP27, PRDX2, GRP75, GRP78 and GRP94 in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma growth. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14439-59. [PMID: 23852020 PMCID: PMC3742253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear or petrous apex. The molecular and cellular processes of the pathogenesis of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma have not been fully understood. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the roles of specific proteins in the pathways regarding keratinocyte proliferation in cholesteatoma. The differential proteins were detected by comparing the two-dimension electrophoresis (2-DE) maps of the epithelial tissues of 12 attic cholesteatomas with those of retroauricular skins. There were 14 upregulated proteins in the epithelial tissues of cholesteatoma in comparison with retroauricular skin. The modulation of five crucial proteins, HSP27, PRDX2, GRP75, GRP78 and GRP94, was further determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylation of HSP27 at Ser-82 was identified by mass spectroscopy. The results of this study suggested that phosphorylated HSP27 is the end expression of two potential signal-transduction pathways, and together with PRDX2, they are very likely involved in the proliferation of keratinocytes in cholesteatoma. Upregulations of GRP75, GRP78 and GRP94 in keratinocytes may be able to counter endoplasmic reticulum stress, to inhibit cell apoptosis, to prevent protein unfolding and to promote cholesteatoma growth.
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Hu LC, Yen WH, Su JH, Chiang MYN, Wen ZH, Chen WF, Lu TJ, Chang YW, Chen YH, Wang WH, Wu YC, Sung PJ. Cembrane derivatives from the soft corals, Sinularia gaweli and Sinularia flexibilis. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2154-67. [PMID: 23774887 PMCID: PMC3721226 DOI: 10.3390/md11062154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A new norcembranoidal diterpene, 1-epi-sinulanorcembranolide A (1), and a new cembranoidal diterpene, flexibilin D (2), were isolated from the soft corals, Sinularia gaweli and Sinularia flexibilis, respectively. The structures of new metabolites 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and compound 2 was found to significantly inhibit the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 proteins of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In addition, S. flexibilis yielded a known cembrane, 5-dehydrosinulariolide (3); the structure, including its absolute stereochemistry, was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chung Hu
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (L.-C.H.); (W.-H.Y.); (J.-H.S.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Wei-Hsuan Yen
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (L.-C.H.); (W.-H.Y.); (J.-H.S.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (L.-C.H.); (W.-H.Y.); (J.-H.S.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Michael Yen-Nan Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ting-Jang Lu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yung-Husan Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Wei-Hsien Wang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.W.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-C.W.); (P.-J.S.); Tel.: +886-4-220-57513 (Y.-C.W.); Fax: +886-4-220-60248 (Y.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-8-882-5037 (P.-J.S.); Fax: +886-8-882-5087 (P.-J.S.)
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (L.-C.H.); (W.-H.Y.); (J.-H.S.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.W.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-C.W.); (P.-J.S.); Tel.: +886-4-220-57513 (Y.-C.W.); Fax: +886-4-220-60248 (Y.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-8-882-5037 (P.-J.S.); Fax: +886-8-882-5087 (P.-J.S.)
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2011 for marine natural products, with 870 citations (558 for the period January to December 2011) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1152 for 2011), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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28
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Su CC, Wong BS, Chin C, Wu YJ, Su JH. Oxygenated Cembranoids from the Soft Coral Sinularia flexibilis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4317-25. [PMID: 23429272 PMCID: PMC3588100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14024317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical examination of the Taiwanese soft coral Sinularia flexibilis led to the isolation of five cembrane-based diterpenoids 1-5, including two new metabolites, 11-acetylsinuflexolide (1) and 11-acetyldihydrosinuflexolide (2). The structures of the new metabolites were determined based on extensive spectroscopic analysis, particularly mass spectrometry and 2D NMR (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectroscopy. Metabolites 1, 3 and 4 exhibited moderate to weak cytotoxicity to human tumor cell lines, HeLa, HEp-2, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Su
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Antai Medical Care Cooperation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Bing-Sang Wong
- Department of Deputy Superintendent, Antai Medical Care Cooperation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan; E-Mails: (B.-S.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Chuen Chin
- Department of Deputy Superintendent, Antai Medical Care Cooperation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan; E-Mails: (B.-S.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-J.W.); (J.-H.S.); Tel.: +886-8-8825001 (ext. 3126) (J.-H.S.); Fax: +886-8-8825087 (J.-H.S.)
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-J.W.); (J.-H.S.); Tel.: +886-8-8825001 (ext. 3126) (J.-H.S.); Fax: +886-8-8825087 (J.-H.S.)
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Neoh CA, Wang RYL, Din ZH, Su JH, Chen YK, Tsai FJ, Weng SH, Wu YJ. Induction of apoptosis by sinulariolide from soft coral through mitochondrial-related and p38MAPK pathways on human bladder carcinoma cells. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2893-911. [PMID: 23249971 PMCID: PMC3528132 DOI: 10.3390/md10122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinulariolide, an isolated compound from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis, possesses the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptosis-inducing activities against the TSGH bladder carcinoma cell. The anti-tumor effects of sinulariolide were determined by 3-(4,5-cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, cell migration assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Sinulariolide inhibited the growth and migration of bladder carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, as well as induced both early and late apoptosis as determined by the flow cytometer. Also, the sinulariolide-induced apoptosis is related to the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathways, elucidated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, activation of caspase-3/-9, Bax and Bad, as well as suppression of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL/Mcl-1. Detection of the PARP-1 cleaved product suggested the partial involvement of caspase-independent pathways. Moreover, inhibition of p38MAPK activity leads to the rescue of the cell cytotoxicity of sinulariolide-treated TSGH cells, indicating that the p38MAPK pathway is also involved in the sinulariolide-induced cell apoptosis. Altogether, these results suggest that sinulariolide induces apoptosis against bladder cancer cells through mitochondrial-related and p38MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choo-Aun Neoh
- Department of Research, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Robert Y.-L. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Zhong-Hao Din
- Graduate Institute of Applied Healthy and Biotechnology, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94446, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Kuei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Feng-Jen Tsai
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Shun-Hsiang Weng
- Department of Hospitality Management, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-8-7799821 (ext. 8613); Fax: +886-8-7797821
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31
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New cembrane diterpenoids from a Hainan soft coral Sinularia sp. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2023-2032. [PMID: 23118718 PMCID: PMC3475270 DOI: 10.3390/md10092023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Five new cembrane diterpenoids, named sinuflexibilins A-E (1-5), along with nine other known diterpenoids (6-14), have been isolated from the organic extract of a Hainan soft coral Sinularia sp. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their spectral data with those of related metabolites. Compound 13, flexibilide, exhibited significant inhibitory activity of NF-κB activation using the cell-based HEK293 NF-κB luciferase reporter gene assay.
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32
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Su TR, Tsai FJ, Lin JJ, Huang HH, Chiu CC, Su JH, Yang YT, Chen JYF, Wong BS, Wu YJ. Induction of apoptosis by 11-dehydrosinulariolide via mitochondrial dysregulation and ER stress pathways in human melanoma cells. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:1883-1898. [PMID: 23015779 PMCID: PMC3447343 DOI: 10.3390/md10081883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study the isolated compound 11-dehydrosinulariolide from soft coral Sinularia leptoclados possessed anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and apoptosis-inducing activities against A2058 melanoma cells. Anti-tumor effects of 11-dehydrosinulariolide were determined by MTT assay, cell migration assay and flow cytometry. Growth and migration of melanoma cells were dose-dependently inhibited by 2–8 μg/mL 11-dehydrosinulariolide. Flow cytometric data indicated that 11-dehydrosinulariolide induces both early and late apoptosis in melanoma cells. It was found that the apoptosis induced by 11-dehydrosinulariolide is relevant to mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathways, elucidated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), release of cytochrome C, activation of caspase-3/-9 and Bax as well as suppression of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL. The cleavage of PARP-1 suggested partial involvement of caspase-independent pathways. Immunoblotting data displayed up-regulations of PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP and ATF6/CHOP coupling with elevation of ER stress chaperones GRP78, GRP94, calnexin, calreticulin and PDI, implicating the involvement of these factors in ER stress-mediated apoptosis induced by 11-dehydrosinulariolide. The abolishment of apoptotic events after pre-treatment with salubrinal indicated that ER stress-mediated apoptosis is also induced by 11-dehydrosinulariolide against melanoma cells. The data in this study suggest that 11-dehydrosinulariolide potentially induces apoptosis against melanoma cells via mitochondrial dysregulation and ER stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Rong Su
- Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan; (T.-R.S.); (B.-S.W.)
| | - Feng-Jen Tsai
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; (F.-J.T.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Jen-Jie Lin
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan;
| | - Han Hsiang Huang
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; (F.-J.T.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80761, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.)
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94446, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Chemistry Department, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80761, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.)
| | - Bing-Sang Wong
- Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan; (T.-R.S.); (B.-S.W.)
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; (F.-J.T.); (H.H.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; or ; Tel.: +886-8-7799821 (ext. 8600); Fax: +886-8-7797821
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33
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Su TR, Lin JJ, Chiu CC, Chen JYF, Su JH, Cheng ZJ, Hwang WI, Huang HH, Wu YJ. Proteomic investigation of anti-tumor activities exerted by sinularin against A2058 melanoma cells. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1139-52. [PMID: 22539317 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The extracts from soft corals have been increasingly investigated for biomedical and therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study is to examine and analyze the anti-tumor effects of the genus Sinularia extract sinularin on A2058 melanoma cells using MTT assay, cell migration assay, wound healing assay, flow cytometric analysis, and proteomic analysis. Sinularin dose-dependently (1-5 μg/mL) inhibited melanoma cell proliferation while the treatment at identical concentrations suppressed cell migration. Sinularin dose-dependently enhanced apoptotic melanoma cells and caused tumor cell accumulation at G2/M phase, indicating that sinularin exerts apoptosis-induced and cell cycle-delayed activities in A2058 melanoma cells. Comparative proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of sinularin at the molecular level by comparison between the protein profiling of melanoma cells treated with sinularin and without the treatment. Thirty-five differential proteins (13 upregulated and 22 downregulated) concerning the treatment were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomic data and Western blot displayed the levels of several tumor inhibitory or apoptosis-associated proteins including annexin A1, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 and prohibitin (upregulated), heat shock protein 60, heat shock protein beta-1, and peroxiredoxin-2 (downregulated) in A2058 melanoma cells exposed to sinularin. Increased expression of p53, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-8, cleaved-caspase-9, p21, and Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in sinularin-treated melanoma cells suggest that the anti-tumor activities of sinularin against melanoma cells are particularly correlated with these pro-apoptotic factors. These data provide important information for the mechanisms of anti-tumor effects of sinularin on melanoma cells and may be helpful for drug development and progression monitoring of human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Rong Su
- Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
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34
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Liu CI, Wang RYL, Lin JJ, Su JH, Chiu CC, Chen JC, Chen JYF, Wu YJ. Proteomic profiling of the 11-dehydrosinulariolide-treated oral carcinoma cells Ca9-22: effects on the cell apoptosis through mitochondrial-related and ER stress pathway. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5578-89. [PMID: 22885288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An oral squamous cell carcinoma Ca9-22 cell line was treated with 11-dehydrosinulariolide, an active compound isolated from the soft coral Sinularia leptoclados, in order to evaluate the effect of this compound on cell growth and protein expression. Cell proliferation was strongly inhibited by 11-dehydrosinulariolide treatment. The 2-DE master maps of control and treated Ca9-22 cells were generated by analysis with the PDQuest software. The comparison between such maps showed up- and down-regulation of 23 proteins, of which 14 were upregulated and 9 were downregulated. The proteomic studies described here have identified some proteins, which are involved in the mitochondrial dysfunction and ER-stress pathway and imply that 11-dehydrosinulariolide induces cell apoptosis through either mitochondrial dysfunction-related or ER stress pathway. Based on this observation, several proteins related to apoptosis pathway were explored for the potential roles involved in this drug-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, Salubrinal, an ER stress inhibitor, is able to protect the cell from 11-dehydrosinulariolide-induced apoptosis in a physiological dosage. The significance of these studies illustrates the potential development of anticancer drugs from the natural derivatives of soft coral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-I Liu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Su CC, Su JH, Lin JJ, Chen CC, Hwang WI, Huang HH, Wu YJ. An investigation into the cytotoxic effects of 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide from the soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule on bladder cancer cells. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2622-2642. [PMID: 22363243 PMCID: PMC3280580 DOI: 10.3390/md9122622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Active compounds from natural products have been widely studied. The anti-tumor effects of 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide isolated from Formosan soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule on bladder cancer cells were examined in this study. An MTT assay showed that 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide was cytotoxic to bladder female transitional cancer (BFTC) cells. We determined that the BFTC cells underwent cell death through apoptosis by flow cytometry. Due to the highly-migratory nature of the BFTC cells, the ability of 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide to stop their migration was assessed by a wound healing assay. To determine which proteins were affected in the BFTC cells upon treatment, a comparative proteomic analysis was performed. By LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified that 19 proteins were up-regulated and eight were down-regulated. Seven of the proteins were confirmed by western blotting analysis. This study reveals clues to the potential mechanism of the cytotoxic effects of 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide on BFTC cells. Moreover, it suggests that PPT1 and hnRNP F could be new biomarkers for bladder cancer. The results of this study are also helpful for the diagnosis, progression monitoring and therapeutic strategies of transitional cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Su
- Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan;
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94446, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Jie Lin
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; (J.-J.L.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Cheng-Chi Chen
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; (J.-J.L.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Wen-Ing Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan;
| | - Han Hsiang Huang
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; (J.-J.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; or (Y.-J.W.); (H.H.H.); Tel.: +886-8-7799821 (ext. 8600) (Y.-J.W.); +886-8-7799821 (ext. 8647) (H.H.H.); Fax: +886-8-7793281 (H.H.H.)
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan; (J.-J.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; or (Y.-J.W.); (H.H.H.); Tel.: +886-8-7799821 (ext. 8600) (Y.-J.W.); +886-8-7799821 (ext. 8647) (H.H.H.); Fax: +886-8-7793281 (H.H.H.)
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