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Imchen T, Tilvi S, Singh KS, Thakur N. Allelochemicals from the seaweeds and their bioprospecting potential. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03002-0. [PMID: 38396154 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Allelochemicals are secondary metabolites which function as a natural protection against grazing activities by algae and higher plants. They are one of the major metabolites engaged in the interactions of organisms. The chemically mediated interactions between organisms significantly influence the functioning of the ecosystems. Most of these compounds are secondary metabolites comprising sterols, terpenes, and polyphenols. These compounds not only play a defensive role, but also exhibit biological activities such as antioxidants, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation, and anti-microbial properties. This review article discusses the current understanding of the allelochemicals of seaweeds and their bioprospecting potential that can bring benefit to humanity. Specifically, the bioactive substances having specific health benefits associated with the consumption or application of seaweed-derived compounds. The properties of such allelochemicals can have implications for bioprospecting pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temjensangba Imchen
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Panaji, Goa, India, 403004.
| | - Supriya Tilvi
- Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Panaji, Goa, India, 403004
| | - Keisham Sarjit Singh
- Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Panaji, Goa, India, 403004
| | - Narsinh Thakur
- Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Panaji, Goa, India, 403004.
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2
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Georgii ADNP, Teixeira VL. Dictyota and Canistrocarpus Brazilian Brown Algae and Their Bioactive Diterpenes-A Review. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:484. [PMID: 37755097 PMCID: PMC10532921 DOI: 10.3390/md21090484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dictyotaceae algae have gained recognition as prolific producers of diterpenes, which are molecules with significant biotechnological potential. These diterpenes hold immense promise as potential active drug components, making the algae a compelling area of study. The present review aims to present the latest advancements in understanding the biopotential of Brazilian Dictyota and Canistrocarpus brown algae, shedding light on the remarkable diversity and the biological and pharmacological potential of the secondary metabolites they produce. A total of 78 articles featuring 26 distinct diterpenes are reported in this review, with their antiviral potential being the mosthighlighted biological activity. Despite considerable research on these algae and their diterpenes, significant knowledge gaps persist. Consequently, the present review is poised to serve as a pivotal resource for researchers who are actively engaged in the pursuit of active diterpenes beyond the immediate purview. Furthermore, it holds the potential to catalyze an increase in research endeavors centered around these algal species within the geographical confines of the Brazilian coastline. Also, it assumes a critical role in directing future scientific explorations toward a better comprehension of these compounds and their ecological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valéria Laneuville Teixeira
- Algamar Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Prof. Frames Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Block M, São Domingos, Niterói 24210-201, RJ, Brazil;
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3
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García-Davis S, López-Arencibia A, Bethencourt-Estrella CJ, San Nicolás-Hernández D, Viveros-Valdez E, Díaz-Marrero AR, Fernández JJ, Lorenzo-Morales J, Piñero JE. Laurequinone, a Lead Compound against Leishmania. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:333. [PMID: 37367658 DOI: 10.3390/md21060333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis is one of the leading causes, not only of deaths but also of disability-adjusted life years. This disease, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, triggers different clinical manifestations, with cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral forms. As existing treatments for this parasitosis are not sufficiently effective or safe for the patient, in this work, different sesquiterpenes isolated from the red alga Laurencia johnstonii have been studied for this purpose. The different compounds were tested in vitro against the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Different assays were also performed, including the measurement of mitochondrial potential, determination of ROS accumulation, and chromatin condensation, among others, focused on the detection of the cell death process known in this type of organism as apoptosis-like. Five compounds were identified that displayed leishmanicidal activity: laurequinone, laurinterol, debromolaurinterol, isolaurinterol, and aplysin, showing IC50 values against promastigotes of 1.87, 34.45, 12.48, 10.09, and 54.13 µM, respectively. Laurequinone was the most potent compound tested and was shown to be more effective than the reference drug miltefosine against promastigotes. Different death mechanism studies carried out showed that laurequinone appears to induce programmed cell death or apoptosis in the parasite studied. The obtained results underline the potential of this sesquiterpene as a novel anti-kinetoplastid therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Davis
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Atteneri López-Arencibia
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), |Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carlos J Bethencourt-Estrella
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Desirée San Nicolás-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Viveros-Valdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ana R Díaz-Marrero
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José J Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), |Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José E Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez S/N, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), |Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Jayawardhana HHACK, Jayawardena TU, Sanjeewa KKA, Liyanage NM, Nagahawatta DP, Lee HG, Kim JI, Jeon YJ. Marine Algal Polyphenols as Skin Protective Agents: Current Status and Future Prospectives. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050285. [PMID: 37233479 DOI: 10.3390/md21050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the outermost anatomical barrier, which plays a vital role in the maintenance of internal homeostasis and protection against physical, chemical, and biological detractors. Direct contact with various stimuli leads to several physiological changes that are ultimately important for the growth of the cosmetic industry. Due to the consequences of using synthetic compounds in skincare and cosmeceutical-related industries, the pharmaceutical and scientific communities have recently shifted their focus to natural ingredients. The nutrient-rich value of algae, which are some of the most interesting organisms in marine ecosystems, has attracted attention. Secondary metabolites isolated from seaweeds are potential candidates for a wide range of economic applications, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. An increasing number of studies have focused on polyphenol compounds owing to their promising biological activities against oxidation, inflammation, allergies, cancers, melanogenesis, aging, and wrinkles. This review summarizes the potential evidence of the beneficial properties and future perspectives of using marine macroalgae-derived polyphenolic compounds for advancing the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H A C K Jayawardhana
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Thilina U Jayawardena
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - K K A Sanjeewa
- Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - N M Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - D P Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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5
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Rezaei AR, Saberi S, Sepehri S. Synthesis, Antileishmanial Activity and Molecular Docking Study of a Series of Dihydropyridine Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2092877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Reza Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Saberi
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Saghi Sepehri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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6
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Cuevas B, Arroba AI, de los Reyes C, Gómez-Jaramillo L, González-Montelongo MC, Zubía E. Diterpenoids from the Brown Alga Rugulopteryx okamurae and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:677. [PMID: 34940676 PMCID: PMC8704470 DOI: 10.3390/md19120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown algae of the Family Dictyotaceae produce an array of structurally diverse terpenoids, whose biomedical potential in the anti-inflammatory area has been scarcely explored. Herein, the chemical study of the alga Rugulopteryx okamurae has led to the isolation of ten new diterpenoids: rugukadiol A (1), rugukamurals A-C (2-4), and ruguloptones A-F (6-10). The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic means. Compound 1 exhibits an unprecedented diterpenoid skeleton featuring a bridged tricyclic undecane system. Compounds 2-10 belong to the secospatane class of diterpenoids and differ by the oxygenated functions that they contain. In anti-inflammatory assays, the new diterpenoid 1 and the secospatanes 5 and 10 significantly inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediator NO in LPS-stimulated microglial cells Bv.2 and macrophage cells RAW 264.7. Moreover, compounds 1 and 5 were found to strongly inhibit the expression of Nos2 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il1b in both immune cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Cuevas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; (B.C.); (C.d.l.R.)
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.I.A.); (L.G.-J.); (M.C.G.-M.)
| | - Ana I. Arroba
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.I.A.); (L.G.-J.); (M.C.G.-M.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carolina de los Reyes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; (B.C.); (C.d.l.R.)
| | - Laura Gómez-Jaramillo
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.I.A.); (L.G.-J.); (M.C.G.-M.)
| | - M. Carmen González-Montelongo
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Avda. Ana de Viya 21, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.I.A.); (L.G.-J.); (M.C.G.-M.)
| | - Eva Zubía
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; (B.C.); (C.d.l.R.)
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7
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Koko WS, Al Nasr IS, Khan TA, Schobert R, Biersack B. An Update on Natural Antileishmanial Treatment Options from Plants, Fungi and Algae. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100542. [PMID: 34822224 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Efficient drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis, which is classified as a neglected tropical disease, are sought for. This review covers potential drug candidates from natural plant, fungus and algae sources, which were described over the last six years. The identification of these natural antileishmanials often based on the knowledge of traditional medicines. Crucial insights into the activities of these natural remedies against Leishmania parasites and against infections caused by these parasites in laboratory animals or patients are provided and compared with selected former active examples published more than six years ago. In addition, immuno-modulatory natural antileishmanials and recent developments on combination therapies including natural products and approved antileishmanials are discussed. The described natural products revealed promising data warranting further efforts on the discovery and development of new antileishmanials based on patterns from nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S Koko
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim S Al Nasr
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq A Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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Sakyi PO, Amewu RK, Devine RNOA, Ismaila E, Miller WA, Kwofie SK. The Search for Putative Hits in Combating Leishmaniasis: The Contributions of Natural Products Over the Last Decade. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:489-544. [PMID: 34260050 PMCID: PMC8279035 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite advancements in the areas of omics and chemoinformatics, potent novel biotherapeutic molecules with new modes of actions are needed for leishmaniasis. The socioeconomic burden of leishmaniasis remains alarming in endemic regions. Currently, reports from existing endemic areas such as Nepal, Iran, Brazil, India, Sudan and Afghanistan, as well as newly affected countries such as Peru, Bolivia and Somalia indicate concerns of chemoresistance to the classical antimonial treatment. As a result, effective antileishmanial agents which are safe and affordable are urgently needed. Natural products from both flora and fauna have contributed immensely to chemotherapeutics and serve as vital sources of new chemical agents. This review focuses on a systematic cross-sectional view of all characterized anti-leishmanial compounds from natural sources over the last decade. Furthermore, IC50/EC50, cytotoxicity and suggested mechanisms of action of some of these natural products are provided. The natural product classification includes alkaloids, terpenes, terpenoids, and phenolics. The plethora of reported mechanisms involve calcium channel inhibition, immunomodulation and apoptosis. Making available enriched data pertaining to bioactivity and mechanisms of natural products complement current efforts geared towards unraveling potent leishmanicides of therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O. Sakyi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. BOX LG 56, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Richard K. Amewu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. BOX LG 56, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert N. O. A. Devine
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Emahi Ismaila
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Whelton A. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB LG 77, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana
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Davies-Bolorunduro O, Osuolale O, Saibu S, Adeleye I, Aminah N. Bioprospecting marine actinomycetes for antileishmanial drugs: current perspectives and future prospects. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07710. [PMID: 34409179 PMCID: PMC8361068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Revived analysis interests in natural products in the hope of discovering new and novel antileishmanial drug leads have been driven partially by the increasing incidence of drug resistance. However, the search for novel chemotherapeutics to combat drug resistance had previously concentrated on the terrestrial environment. As a result, the marine environment was often overlooked. For example, actinomycetes are an immensely important group of bacteria for antibiotic production, producing two-thirds of the known antibiotics. However, these bacteria have been isolated primarily from terrestrial sources. Consequently, there have been revived efforts to discover new compounds from uncharted or uncommon environments like the marine ecosystem. Isolation, purification and structure elucidation of target compounds from complex metabolic extract are major challenges in natural products chemistry. As a result, marine-derived natural products from actinomycetes that have antileishmanial bioactivity potentials have been understudied. This review highlights metagenomic and bioassay approaches which could help streamline the drug discovery process thereby greatly reducing time and cost of dereplication to identify suitable antileishmanial drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.F. Davies-Bolorunduro
- Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Postdoc Fellow Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - O. Osuolale
- Applied Environmental Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases Research Group (AEMIDR), Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara Mokin, Nigeria
| | - S. Saibu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I.A. Adeleye
- Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - N.S. Aminah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
- Biotechnology of Tropical Medicinal Plants Research Group, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
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Dias-Lopes G, Zabala-Peñafiel A, de Albuquerque-Melo BC, Souza-Silva F, Menaguali do Canto L, Cysne-Finkelstein L, Alves CR. Axenic amastigotes of Leishmania species as a suitable model for in vitro studies. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105956. [PMID: 33979642 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania spp. are etiological agents of infection diseases, which in some cases can be fatal. The main forms of their biological cycle, promastigotes and amastigotes, can be maintained in vitro. While promastigotes are easier to maintain, amastigotes are more complex and can be obtained through different ways, including infection assays of tissues or in vitro cells, and differentiation from promastigotes to axenic amastigotes. Several protocols have been proposed for in vitro differentiation for at least 12 Leishmania spp. of both subgenera, Leishmania and Viannia. In this review we propose a critical summary of axenic amastigotes induction, as well as the impact of these strategies on metabolic pathways and regulatory networks analyzed by omics approaches. The parameters used by different research groups show considerable variations in temperature, pH and induction stages, as highlighted here for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Therefore, a consensus on strategies for inducing amastigogenesis is necessary to improve accuracy and even define stage-specific biomarkers. In fact, the axenic amastigote model has contributed to elucidate several aspects of the parasite cycle, however, since it does not reproduce the intracellular environment, its use requires several precautions. In addition, we present a discussion about using axenic amastigotes for drug screening, suggesting the need of a more sensitive methodology to verify cell viability in these tests. Collectively, this review explores the advantages and limitations found in studies with axenic amastigotes, done for more than 30 years, and discuss the gaps that impair their use as a suitable model for in vitro studies.
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11
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Chiboub O, Sifaoui I, Abderrabba M, Mejri M, Fernández JJ, Díaz-Marrero AR, Lorenzo-Morales J, Piñero JE. Apoptosis-like cell death upon kinetoplastid induction by compounds isolated from the brown algae Dictyota spiralis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:198. [PMID: 33845894 PMCID: PMC8042727 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The in vitro activity of the brown seaweed Dictyota spiralis against both Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated in a previous study. Processing by bio-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of three active compounds, classified as diterpenes. In the present study, we performed several assays to detect clinical features associated to cell death in L. amazonensis and T. cruzi with the aim to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds on parasitic cells. METHODS The aims of the experiments were to detect and evaluate specific events involved in apoptosis-like cell death in the kinetoplastid, including DNA condensation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and changes in ATP concentration, cell permeability and mitochondrial membrane potential, respectively, in treated cells. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the three isolated diterpenes could inhibit the tested parasites by inducing an apoptosis-like cell death. CONCLUSIONS These results encourage further investigation on the isolated compounds as potential drug candidates against both L. amazonensis and T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Chiboub
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, University of Carthage, La Marsa, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manef Abderrabba
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, University of Carthage, La Marsa, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Mondher Mejri
- Laboratoire Matériaux-Molécules et Applications, University of Carthage, La Marsa, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - José J. Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
| | - Ana R. Díaz-Marrero
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Madrid, Spain
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Madrid, Spain
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Álvarez-Bardón M, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Ordóñez C, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Carballeira NM, Tekwani BL, Murugesan S, Martinez-Valladares M, García-Estrada C, Reguera RM, Balaña-Fouce R. Screening Marine Natural Products for New Drug Leads against Trypanosomatids and Malaria. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E187. [PMID: 32244488 PMCID: PMC7230869 DOI: 10.3390/md18040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) represent a serious threat to humans, especially for those living in poor or developing countries. Almost one-sixth of the world population is at risk of suffering from these diseases and many thousands die because of NTDs, to which we should add the sanitary, labor and social issues that hinder the economic development of these countries. Protozoan-borne diseases are responsible for more than one million deaths every year. Visceral leishmaniasis, Chagas disease or sleeping sickness are among the most lethal NTDs. Despite not being considered an NTD by the World Health Organization (WHO), malaria must be added to this sinister group. Malaria, caused by the apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is responsible for thousands of deaths each year. The treatment of this disease has been losing effectiveness year after year. Many of the medicines currently in use are obsolete due to their gradual loss of efficacy, their intrinsic toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance or a lack of adherence to treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent and global need for new drugs. Despite this, the scant interest shown by most of the stakeholders involved in the pharmaceutical industry makes our present therapeutic arsenal scarce, and until recently, the search for new drugs has not been seriously addressed. The sources of new drugs for these and other pathologies include natural products, synthetic molecules or repurposing drugs. The most frequent sources of natural products are microorganisms, e.g., bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and plants, which are able to synthesize many drugs that are currently in use (e.g. antimicrobials, antitumor, immunosuppressants, etc.). The marine environment is another well-established source of bioactive natural products, with recent applications against parasites, bacteria and other pathogens which affect humans and animals. Drug discovery techniques have rapidly advanced since the beginning of the millennium. The combination of novel techniques that include the genetic modification of pathogens, bioimaging and robotics has given rise to the standardization of High-Performance Screening platforms in the discovery of drugs. These advancements have accelerated the discovery of new chemical entities with antiparasitic effects. This review presents critical updates regarding the use of High-Throughput Screening (HTS) in the discovery of drugs for NTDs transmitted by protozoa, including malaria, and its application in the discovery of new drugs of marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Bardón
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
| | - César Ordóñez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Nestor M. Carballeira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras 00925-2537, San Juan, Puerto Rico;
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Drug Discovery, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, India;
| | - Maria Martinez-Valladares
- Department of Animal Health, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain;
| | - Carlos García-Estrada
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1-Parque Científico de León, 24006 León, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.Á.-B.); (Y.P.-P.); (C.O.); (D.S.-C.); (R.M.R.)
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de Figueiredo CS, Menezes Silva SMPD, Abreu LS, da Silva EF, da Silva MS, Cavalcanti de Miranda GE, Costa VCDO, Le Hyaric M, Siqueira Junior JPD, Barbosa Filho JM, Tavares JF. Dolastane diterpenes from Canistrocarpus cervicornis and their effects in modulation of drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Prod Res 2019; 33:3231-3239. [PMID: 29733689 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1470512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
One new diterpene (4R,7R,14S)-4α,7α-diacetoxy-10-one-14α-hydroxydolasta-1(15),8-diene (1), and five known compounds (4R,7R,14S)-4α,7α-diacetoxy-14α-hydroxydolasta-1(15),8-diene (2), (4R,14S)-4α,14α-dihydroxydolasta-1(15),8-diene (3), (4S,9R,14S)-4α-acetoxy-9β,14α-dihydroxydolasta-1(15),7-diene (4), 4-acetoxy-14-hydroxydolasta-1(15),7,9-triene (5) and isolinearol (6), were isolated from Canistrocarpus cervicornis. In this study, dolastane diterpenes were isolated from the alga C. cervicornis and evaluated as modifiers of antibiotic activity in Staphylococcus aureus: SA-1199B, which overexpresses the norA gene RN-4220, which encodes for the protein efflux of macrolides (MRSA), and IS-58 which has the gene encoding the protein TetK. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for norfloxacin, tetracycline and erythromycin were determined by the microdilution broth nutrient in the absence and presence of diterpenes at a sub-inhibitory concentration (MIC/4). The extracts of C. cervicornis and isolated diterpenes showed no antibacterial activity, but showed modulatory activity, decreasing the MIC of antibiotics by 4-256 fold. The results indicate that seaweed extracts and diterpenes are potential sources of antibiotic adjuvant, acting as potential inhibitors of efflux pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Silva de Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brasil
| | | | - Lucas Silva Abreu
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brasil
| | - Evandro Ferreira da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brasil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brasil
| | | | - Vicente Carlos de O Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brasil
| | - Mireille Le Hyaric
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora , Juiz de Fora , Brasil
| | - José Pinto de Siqueira Junior
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brasil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brasil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba , João Pessoa , Brasil
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14
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Metagenomics Approaches in Discovery and Development of New Bioactive Compounds from Marine Actinomycetes. Curr Microbiol 2019; 77:645-656. [PMID: 31069462 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine actinomycetes are prolific sources of marine drug discovery system contributing for several bioactive compounds of biomedical prominence. Metagenomics, a culture-independent technique through its sequence- and function-based screening has led to the discovery and synthesis of numerous biologically significant compounds like polyketide synthase, Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, antibiotics, and biocatalyst. While metagenomics offers different advantages over conventional sequencing techniques, they also have certain limitations including bias classification, non-availability of quality DNA samples, heterologous expression, and host selection. The assimilation of advanced amplification and screening methods such as φ29 DNA polymerase, Next-Generation Sequencing, Cosmids, and recent bioinformatics tools like automated genome mining, anti-SMASH have shown promising results to overcome these constrains. Consequently, functional genomics and bioinformatics along with synthetic biology will be crucial for the success of the metagenomic approach and indeed for exploring new possibilities among the microbial consortia for the future drug discovery process.
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15
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Cockram PE, Smith TK. Active Natural Product Scaffolds against Trypanosomatid Parasites: A Review. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2138-2154. [PMID: 30234295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases caused by trypanosomatid parasites are a continuing and escalating problem, which devastate the less economically developed cultures in countries in which they are endemic by impairing both human and animal health. Current drugs for these diseases are regarded as out-of-date and expensive, with unacceptable side-effects and mounting parasite resistance, meaning there is an urgent need for new therapeutics. Natural products have long been a source of potent, structurally diverse bioactive molecules. Herein are reviewed natural products with reported trypanocidal activity, which have been clustered based on core structural similarities, to aid the future discovery of new trypanocidal core motifs with potential routes to synthetically accessible natural product cores suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Cockram
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Scotland , KY16 9ST
| | - Terry K Smith
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Scotland , KY16 9ST
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16
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Chen J, Li H, Zhao Z, Xia X, Li B, Zhang J, Yan X. Diterpenes from the Marine Algae of the Genus Dictyota. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E159. [PMID: 29751686 PMCID: PMC5983290 DOI: 10.3390/md16050159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the brown algae of the genus Dictyota are rich sources of bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse structural features. Excellent progress has been made in the discovery of diterpenes possessing broad chemical defensive activities from this genus. Most of these diterpenes exhibit significant biological activities, such as antiviral, cytotoxic and chemical defensive activities. In the present review, we summarized diterpenes isolated from the brown algae of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zishuo Zhao
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xue Xia
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jinrong Zhang
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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17
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Schmitz C, Ramlov F, de Lucena LAF, Uarrota V, Batista MB, Sissini MN, Oliveira I, Briani B, Martins CDL, Nunes JMDC, Rörig L, Horta PA, Figueroa FL, Korbee N, Maraschin M, Bonomi-Barufi J. UVR and PAR absorbing compounds of marine brown macroalgae along a latitudinal gradient of the Brazilian coast. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2018; 178:165-174. [PMID: 29154200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Absorption spectra are indicative of biological sample chemical composition and can be used as a basis for the construction of descriptive and predictive models for biotechnological screening or assays. In marine algae, chemical composition can vary due to species-specific differences in biochemistry, as well as intra-specific responses to unique environmental variables. Different indices (UVCi, UVB+Ai and PARi) were proposed and calculated to evaluate how photoprotective compounds vary in 18 species of Phaeophyceae. In addition, they were correlated to abiotic factors. Through this technique, seven main peaks were detected in the absorbing spectra of marine brown algal extracts. The highest photoprotective indices values were found in species collected in tropical areas, where higher solar radiation is observed compared to the southern Brazilian coast. Considering additional abiotic factors, water temperature and nitrate concentration were negatively correlated with UV indices. PARi's indices were positively affected by nitrate. All species collected on the Brazilian coast have absorption peaks in the region of phenolic compounds and carotenoids, suggesting that tropical marine brown macroalgae may have developed an effective antioxidant defense system, suggesting adaptation to environments characterized by high solar radiation. UVR/PAR indices congregated essential information to possible future biotechnological screening, facilitating selection of high priority species or sites, fostering actions to enhance alternative sustainable management strategies of coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schmitz
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Ramlov
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Virgilio Uarrota
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Manuela Bernardes Batista
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marina Nasri Sissini
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Iara Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n - Campus de Ondina Laboratório de Algas Marinhas (LAMAR), Ondina.Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno Briani
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cintia D L Martins
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - José Marcos de Castro Nunes
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n - Campus de Ondina Laboratório de Algas Marinhas (LAMAR), Ondina.Salvador, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Rörig
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Paulo Antunes Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Félix L Figueroa
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitário de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nathalie Korbee
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitário de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - José Bonomi-Barufi
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Marine Algae as Source of Novel Antileishmanial Drugs: A Review. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110323. [PMID: 29109372 PMCID: PMC5706021 DOI: 10.3390/md15110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus and transmitted by the female Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia sand flies. The currently prescribed therapies still rely on pentavalent antimonials, pentamidine, paromomycin, liposomal amphotericin B, and miltefosine. However, their low efficacy, long-course treatment regimen, high toxicity, adverse side effects, induction of parasite resistance and high cost require the need for better drugs given that antileishmanial vaccines may not be available in the near future. Although most drugs are still derived from terrestrial sources, the interest in marine organisms as a potential source of promising novel bioactive natural agents has increased in recent years. About 28,000 compounds of marine origin have been isolated with hundreds of new chemical entities. Recent trends in drug research from natural resources indicated the high interest of aquatic eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, marine algae in the search for new chemical entities given their broad spectrum and high bioactivities including antileishmanial potential. This current review describes prepared extracts and compounds from marine macroalgae along with their antileishmanial activity and provides prospective insights for antileishmanial drug discovery.
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Campbell S, Murray J, Delgoda R, Gallimore W. Two New Oxodolastane Diterpenes from the Jamaican Macroalga Canistrocarpus cervicornis. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E150. [PMID: 28556792 PMCID: PMC5484100 DOI: 10.3390/md15060150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical investigation of the organic extract of Canistrocarpus cervicornis, collected at Drunken Man's Cay at Port Royal, Jamaica, has led to the isolation of two new dolastane diterpenes 4R-acetoxy-8S,9S-epoxy-14S-hydroxy-7-oxodolastane (1) and 4R-hydroxy-8S,9S-epoxy-14S-hydroxy-7-oxodolastane (2) and the previously isolated dolastane (4R,9S,14S)-4,9,14-trihydroxydolast-1(15),7-diene (3) as a major diterpene constituent. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines PC3 and HT29. The results revealed that the dolastane diterpenes (1-3) displayed moderate, concentration dependent, cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, St. Andrew JMAAW15, Jamaica.
| | - JeAnn Murray
- Natural Products Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, St. Andrew JMAAW15, Jamaica.
| | - Rupika Delgoda
- Natural Products Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, St. Andrew JMAAW15, Jamaica.
| | - Winklet Gallimore
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, St. Andrew JMAAW15, Jamaica.
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Bruno de Sousa C, Gangadhar KN, Morais TR, Conserva GAA, Vizetto-Duarte C, Pereira H, Laurenti MD, Campino L, Levy D, Uemi M, Barreira L, Custódio L, Passero LFD, Lago JHG, Varela J. Antileishmanial activity of meroditerpenoids from the macroalgae Cystoseira baccata. Exp Parasitol 2017; 174:1-9. [PMID: 28126391 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel drugs for the treatment of leishmaniases continues to be crucial to overcome the severe impacts of these diseases on human and animal health. Several bioactivities have been described in extracts from macroalgae belonging to the Cystoseira genus. However, none of the studies has reported the chemical compounds responsible for the antileishmanial activity observed upon incubation of the parasite with the aforementioned extracts. Thus, this work aimed to isolate and characterize the molecules present in a hexane extract of Cystoseira baccata that was found to be bioactive against Leishmania infantum in a previous screening effort. A bioactivity-guided fractionation of the C. baccata extract was carried out and the inhibitory potential of the isolated compounds was evaluated via the MTT assay against promastigotes and murine macrophages as well as direct counting against intracellular amastigotes. Moreover, the promastigote ultrastructure, DNA fragmentation and changes in the mitochondrial potential were assessed to unravel their mechanism of action. In this process, two antileishmanial meroditerpenoids, (3R)- and (3S)-tetraprenyltoluquinol (1a/1b) and (3R)- and (3S)-tetraprenyltoluquinone (2a/2b), were isolated. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the growth of the L. infantum promastigotes (IC50 = 44.9 ± 4.3 and 94.4 ± 10.1 μM, respectively), inducing cytoplasmic vacuolization and the presence of coiled multilamellar structures in mitochondria as well as an intense disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Compound 1 decreased the intracellular infection index (IC50 = 25.0 ± 4.1 μM), while compound 2 eliminated 50% of the intracellular amastigotes at a concentration > 88.0 μM. This work identified compound 2 as a novel metabolite and compound 1 as a biochemical isolated from Cystoseira algae displaying antileishmanial activity. Compound 1 can thus be an interesting scaffold for the development of novel chemotherapeutic molecules for canine and human visceral leishmaniases studies. This work reinforces the evidence of the marine environment as source of novel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katkam N Gangadhar
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Thiago R Morais
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Geanne A A Conserva
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Pereira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Márcia D Laurenti
- Laboratório de Patologia das Moléstias Infecciosas (LIM-50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lenea Campino
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine Centre, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Debora Levy
- Laboratório de Genética e Hematologia Molecular (LIM-31), Departamento de Clinica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Uemi
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luiz Felipe D Passero
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, São Vicente, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Varela
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
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Barros de Alencar MVO, de Castro E Sousa JM, Rolim HML, de Medeiros MDGF, Cerqueira GS, de Castro Almeida FR, Citó AMDGL, Ferreira PMP, Lopes JAD, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA, Islam MT. Diterpenes as lead molecules against neglected tropical diseases. Phytother Res 2016; 31:175-201. [PMID: 27896890 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are reported to be present everywhere. Poor and developing areas in the world have received great attention to NTDs. Drug resistance, safety profile, and various challenges stimulate the search for alternative medications. Plant-based drugs are viewed with great interest, as they are believed to be devoid of side effects. Diterpenes, a family of essential oils, have showed attractive biological effects. A systematic review of the literature was carried out to summarize available evidences of diterpenes against NTDs. For this, databases were searched using specific search terms. Among the 2338 collected reports, a total of 181 articles were included in this review. Of them, 148 dealt with investigations using single organisms, and 33 used multiple organisms. No mechanisms of action were reported in the case of 164 reports. A total of 93.92% were related to nonclinical studies, and 4.42% and 1.66% dealt with preclinical and clinical studies, respectively. The review displays that many diterpenes are effective upon Chagas disease, chikungunya, echinococcosis, dengue, leishmaniasis, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, malaria, schistosomiasis, and tuberculosis. Indeed, diterpenes are amazing drug candidates against NTDs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, (Piauí), 64.607-670, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Hercília Maria Lins Rolim
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Freire de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Santos Cerqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center for Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí (LAFFEX), Parnaíba, Piauí, 64.218-470, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Regina de Castro Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes Citó
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Md Torequl Islam
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Mehedibag, Chittagong, 4000, Bangladesh
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Zhou Y, Wu WH, Zhao QB, Wang XY, Bao B. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by MFS, a purified extract from the fermentation of marine fungus Fusarium solani FG319, and optimization of MFS production using response surface methodology. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:346-54. [PMID: 25986283 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to isolate and characterize a purified extract from Fusarium solani FG319, termed MFS (Metabolite of Fusarium solani FG319) that showed anti-atherosclerosis activity by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to achieve an improved yield from the fermentation medium. The inhibiting effect of the isolate, MFS, on HMG-CoA reductase was greater than that of the positive control, lovastatin. The average recovery of MFS and the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged between 99.75% to 101.18%, and 0.31% to 0.74%, respectively. The RSDs intra- and inter-assay of the three samples ranged from 0.288% to 2.438%, and from 0.934% to 2.383%, respectively. From the RSM, the concentration of inducer, cultivation time, and culture temperatures had significant effects on the MFS production, with the effect of inducer concentration being more pronounced that other factors. In conclusion, the optimal conditions for the MFS production were achieved using RSM and that MFS could be explored as an anti-atherosclerosis agent based on its ability to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China; Institute of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qing-Bo Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Bao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Antimicrobial (including antimollicutes), antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Brazilian and Spanish marine organisms – evaluation of extracts and pure compounds. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Miguel Bianco É, Martins Francisco T, Basílio Pinheiro C, Bagueira de Vasconcellos Azeredo R, Laneuville Teixeira V, Crespo Pereira R. 4α-Acetoxyamijidictyol - A New Antifeeding Dolastane Diterpene from the Brazilian Brown Alga Canistrocarpus cervicornis. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1665-77. [PMID: 26567945 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the CH2 Cl2 crude extract from the brown alga Canistrocarpus cervicornis (Dictyotaceae) led to isolation of one new (1) and four previously reported dolastane diterpenes (2-5). Their structures were characterized by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques, including a full single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for 1, 2, and 4. In addition, the new structure 1 was assayed as chemical defense inhibiting the feeding by the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. This study constitutes an additional report broadening the known spectrum of action and defensive roles of secondary metabolites of the C. cervicornis and Dictyotales species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverson Miguel Bianco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Campus 1, Bloco S, Victor Konder, CEP 89012-900, Blumenau, SC, Brazil, (phone: +55-47-33210615).
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Baptista, Campus do Valonguinho, s/n, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Martins Francisco
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus da Pampulha, P. O. Box 702, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Basílio Pinheiro
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus da Pampulha, P. O. Box 702, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bagueira de Vasconcellos Azeredo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Baptista, Campus do Valonguinho, s/n, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valéria Laneuville Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Baptista, Campus do Valonguinho, s/n, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Outeiro de São João Baptista, Campus do Valonguinho, s/n, P. O. Box 100.644, CEP 24001-970, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato Crespo Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Baptista, Campus do Valonguinho, s/n, CEP 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Outeiro de São João Baptista, Campus do Valonguinho, s/n, P. O. Box 100.644, CEP 24001-970, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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The effect of the phytol-rich fraction from Lacistema pubescens against Leishmania amazonensis is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:143-50. [PMID: 26424529 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex disease caused by protozoan parasite Leishmania and the treatment remains a serious problem since the available drugs exhibited high toxicity and side effects. Plant-derived natural products are promising leads for the development of novel chemotherapeutics. In this work the phytol-rich hexane fraction (PRF) from the leaves of Lacistema pubescens was obtained and identified by GC-MS analysis. When assayed for antileishmanial effects, PRF was active against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 values of 44.0 and 25.8 μg/mL respectively). Furthermore, PRF did not show significant cytotoxicity on peritoneal macrophages being more destructive to the intracellular parasite than to mammalian cells. In addition, possible targets of PRF were investigated against L. amazonensis promastigotes. The results showed that PRF exerted its antipromastigote activity by marked depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential followed by the increase of ROS levels in L. amazonensis promastigotes. During these events, no rupture of the cell membrane integrity was observed. Our results indicated that PRF was effective and selective against L. amazonensis, and that this effect was mainly mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction associated to ROS production.
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Demarchi IG, Thomazella MV, de Souza Terron M, Lopes L, Gazim ZC, Cortez DAG, Donatti L, Aristides SMA, Silveira TGV, Lonardoni MVC. Antileishmanial activity of essential oil and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone isolated from Tetradenia riparia. Exp Parasitol 2015; 157:128-37. [PMID: 26116864 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tetradenia riparia plant is used as a traditional medicine in Africa for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases as like parasitic. Therapy for leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis specie often fails, and the conventional drugs are toxic, expensive, require a long period of treatment, and adverse effects are common. The alternative therapies using natural products are inexpensive and have few or any adverse reaction. These reasons are sufficient to investigate the new natural therapeutic for leishmaniasis. We evaluated the potential of the essential oil (TrEO) and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone (TrROY) isolated from T. riparia on L. (L.) amazonensis promastigote and amastigote forms, cytotoxicity on human erythrocytes and murine macrophages, nitric production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. TrEO was the most effective to promote the Leishmania promastigote death. After 72 h incubation, the lethal dose of TrEO and TrROY that promoted 50% Leishmania death (LD50) were 0.8 μg/mL and 3 μg/mL, respectively. TrEO and TrROY were not cytotoxic to human erythrocytes, but TrROY was toxic to murine macrophages resulting in a low selectivity index. The transmission electronic microscopy showed that TrEO (0.03 μg/mL) was able to modify the promastigote ultrastructures suggesting autophagy as chromatin condensation, blebbing, membranous profiles and nuclear fragmentation. Infected-macrophages treated with TrEO (0.03 μg/mL) or TrROY (10 μg/mL) had an infection index decreased in 65 and 48%. TrEO did not induce iNOS mRNA expression or nitrite production in macrophages infected with Leishmania. TrROY and mainly TrEO promoted the Leishmania death, and TrROY showed loss toxicity to erythrocytes cells. Other compounds derived from T. riparia and the essential oil could be explored to develop a new alternative treatment for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana de Souza Terron
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lilian Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais da Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Lucélia Donatti
- Laboratório de Biologia Adaptativa, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Bianco ÉM, Martins Francisco T, Basílio Pinheiro C, Bagueira de Vasconcellos Azeredo R, Laneuville Teixeira V, Crespo Pereira R. 10β-Acetoxy-8α,9α-epoxy-14β-hydroxy-7-oxodolastane - A New Diterpene Isolated from the Brazilian Brown MacroalgaCanistrocarpus cervicornis. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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dos Santos Aliança AS, dos Anjos KFL, de Vasconcelos Reis TN, Higino TMM, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, Bianco ÉM, de Figueiredo RCBQ. The in vitro biological activity of the Brazilian brown seaweed Dictyota mertensii against Leishmania amazonensis. Molecules 2014; 19:14052-65. [PMID: 25207712 PMCID: PMC6270721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds present a wide variety of interesting bioactive molecules. In the present work we evaluated the biological activity of the dichloromethane/methanol (2:1) extract (DME) from the brown seaweed Dictyota mertensii against Leishmania amazonensis and its cytotoxic potential on mammalian cells. The extract showed significant inhibitory effect on the growth of promastigote forms (IC50=71.60 μg/mL) and low toxicity against mammalian cells (CC50=233.10 μg/mL). The DME was also efficient in inhibiting the infection in macrophages, with CC50 of 81.4 μg/mL and significantly decreased the survival of amastigote forms within these cells. The selectivity index showed that DME was more toxic to both promastigote (SI=3.25) and amastigote (SI=2.86) forms than to macrophages. Increased NO production was observed in treated macrophages suggesting that besides acting directly on the parasites, the DME also shows an immunomodulatory effect on macrophages. Drastic ultrastructural alterations consistent with loss of viability and cell death were observed in treated parasites. Confocal microscopy and cytometry analyzes showed no significant impairment of plasma membrane integrity, whereas an intense depolarization of mitochondrial membrane could be observed by using propidium iodide and rhodamine 123 staining, respectively. The low toxicity to mammalian cells and the effective activity against promastigotes and amastigotes, point to the use of DME as a promising agent for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Silva dos Santos Aliança
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Av. Moraes Rego s/n Cidade Universitária, Campus da UFPE, Recife 50670-420, Brazil.
| | - Keicyanne Fernanda Lessa dos Anjos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Av. Moraes Rego s/n Cidade Universitária, Campus da UFPE, Recife 50670-420, Brazil.
| | | | - Taciana Mirely Maciel Higino
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Av. Moraes Rego s/n Cidade Universitária, Campus da UFPE, Recife 50670-420, Brazil.
| | - Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro
- Departamento de Imunologia Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Av. Moraes Rego s/n Cidade Universitária, Campus da UFPE, Recife 50670-420, Brazil.
| | - Éverson Miguel Bianco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Campus 1, Rua Antonio da Veiga, 140, Blumenal 89012-900, Brazil.
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New drugs with antiprotozoal activity from marine algae: a review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Scala A, Cordaro M, Grassi G, Piperno A, Barberi G, Cascio A, Risitano F. Direct synthesis of C3-mono-functionalized oxindoles from N-unprotected 2-oxindole and their antileishmanial activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:1063-9. [PMID: 24433962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for the synthesis of unprecedented C3-mono-functionalized indolin-2-ones is reported, starting from 2-oxindole and chalcones. The reactions proceed regioselectively under mild conditions, without di- and tri-alkylated side products. The new compounds have been evaluated in vitro for their antiproliferative effects against the protozoan Leishmania infantum. Interestingly, they appear able to kill L. infantum promastigotes and amastigotes, without significant cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Scala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, V.le F.Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy; CNR-ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, UOS Palermo, c/o Dip. Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, V.le F.Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cordaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, V.le F.Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, V.le F.Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, V.le F.Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Barberi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana, Università di Messina, Viale Consolare Valeria 1, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana, Università di Messina, Viale Consolare Valeria 1, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Francesco Risitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, V.le F.Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
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Mayer AMS, Rodríguez AD, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Fusetani N. Marine pharmacology in 2009-2011: marine compounds with antibacterial, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the immune and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2510-73. [PMID: 23880931 PMCID: PMC3736438 DOI: 10.3390/md11072510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M. S. Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-630-515-6951; Fax: +1-630-971-6414
| | - Abimael D. Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; E-Mail:
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The Effects of N-Butyl-1-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- β -carboline-3-carboxamide against Leishmania amazonensis Are Mediated by Mitochondrial Dysfunction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:874367. [PMID: 23843887 PMCID: PMC3697299 DOI: 10.1155/2013/874367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The drugs that are available for the treatment of this infection exhibit high toxicity and various side effects. Several studies have focused on the development of new chemotherapeutic agents that are less toxic and more effective against trypanosomatids. We investigated the effects of N-butyl-1-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxamide (C4) and its possible targets against L. amazonensis. The results showed morphological and ultrastructural alterations, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, the loss of cell membrane integrity, and an increase in the formation of mitochondrial superoxide anions in L. amazonensis treated with C4. Our results indicate that C4 is a selective antileishmanial agent, and its effects appear to be mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Bianco ÉM, de Oliveira SQ, Rigotto C, Tonini ML, Guimarães TDR, Bittencourt F, Gouvêa LP, Aresi C, de Almeida MTR, Moritz MIG, Martins CDL, Scherner F, Carraro JL, Horta PA, Reginatto FH, Steindel M, Simões CMO, Schenkel EP. Anti-infective potential of marine invertebrates and seaweeds from the Brazilian coast. Molecules 2013; 18:5761-78. [PMID: 23681060 PMCID: PMC6270555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes the evaluation of anti-infective potential in vitro of organic extracts from nine sponges, one ascidian, two octocorals, one bryozoan, and 27 seaweed species collected along the Brazilian coast. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) by the disk diffusion method. Antiprotozoal activity was evaluated against Leishmania braziliensis (MHOM/BR/96/LSC96-H3) promastigotes and Trypanosoma cruzi (MHOM/BR/00/Y) epimastigotes by MTT assay. Activity against intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi and L. brasiliensis in murine macrophages was also evaluated. Antiviral activity was tested against Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1, KOS strain) by the plaque number reduction assay (IC50). Cytotoxicity on VERO cells was evaluated by the MTT assay (CC50). The results were expressed as SI = CC50/IC50. The most promising antimicrobial results were obtained against S. aureus and C. albicans with Dragmacidon reticulatum. Among the seaweeds, only Osmundaria obtusiloba showed moderate activity against P. aeruginosa. Concerning antiprotozoal activity, Bugula neritina, Carijoa riseii, Dragmaxia anomala and Haliclona (Halichoclona) sp. showed the most interesting results, mainly against extracellular promastigote forms of L. braziliensis (66, 35.9, 97.2, and 43.6% inhibition, respectively). Moreover, six species of seaweeds Anadyomene saldanhae, Caulerpa cupressoides, Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota sp., Ochtodes secundiramea, and Padina sp. showed promising results against L. braziliensis (87.9, 51.7, 85.9, 93.3, 99.7, and 80.9% inhibition, respectively), and only Dictyota sp. was effective against T. cruzi (60.4% inhibition). Finally, the antiherpes activity was also evaluated, with Haliclona (Halichoclona) sp. and Petromica citrina showing the best results (SI = 11.9 and SI > 5, respectively). All the active extracts deserve special attention in further studies to chemically characterize the bioactive compounds, and to perform more refined biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverson Miguel Bianco
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.Q.d.O.); (M.T.d.R.G.); (F.B.); (C.A.); (M.T.R.d.A.); (M.I.G.M.); (F.H.R.)
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (L.P.G.); (C.D.L.M.); (F.S.); (P.A.H.)
| | - Simone Quintana de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.Q.d.O.); (M.T.d.R.G.); (F.B.); (C.A.); (M.T.R.d.A.); (M.I.G.M.); (F.H.R.)
| | - Caroline Rigotto
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (C.R.); (C.M.O.S.)
| | - Maiko Luis Tonini
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (M.L.T.); (M.S)
| | - Tatiana da Rosa Guimarães
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.Q.d.O.); (M.T.d.R.G.); (F.B.); (C.A.); (M.T.R.d.A.); (M.I.G.M.); (F.H.R.)
| | - Francine Bittencourt
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.Q.d.O.); (M.T.d.R.G.); (F.B.); (C.A.); (M.T.R.d.A.); (M.I.G.M.); (F.H.R.)
| | - Lidiane Pires Gouvêa
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (L.P.G.); (C.D.L.M.); (F.S.); (P.A.H.)
| | - Cassandra Aresi
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.Q.d.O.); (M.T.d.R.G.); (F.B.); (C.A.); (M.T.R.d.A.); (M.I.G.M.); (F.H.R.)
| | - Maria Tereza Rojo de Almeida
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.Q.d.O.); (M.T.d.R.G.); (F.B.); (C.A.); (M.T.R.d.A.); (M.I.G.M.); (F.H.R.)
| | - Maria Izabel Goularte Moritz
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.Q.d.O.); (M.T.d.R.G.); (F.B.); (C.A.); (M.T.R.d.A.); (M.I.G.M.); (F.H.R.)
| | - Cintia Dalcuche Leal Martins
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (L.P.G.); (C.D.L.M.); (F.S.); (P.A.H.)
| | - Fernando Scherner
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (L.P.G.); (C.D.L.M.); (F.S.); (P.A.H.)
| | - João Luís Carraro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91.501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; E-Mail:
| | - Paulo Antunes Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (L.P.G.); (C.D.L.M.); (F.S.); (P.A.H.)
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.Q.d.O.); (M.T.d.R.G.); (F.B.); (C.A.); (M.T.R.d.A.); (M.I.G.M.); (F.H.R.)
| | - Mario Steindel
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (M.L.T.); (M.S)
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (C.R.); (C.M.O.S.)
| | - Eloir Paulo Schenkel
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.M.B.); (S.Q.d.O.); (M.T.d.R.G.); (F.B.); (C.A.); (M.T.R.d.A.); (M.I.G.M.); (F.H.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-48-3721-5076; Fax: +55-48-3721-9542
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2011 for marine natural products, with 870 citations (558 for the period January to December 2011) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1152 for 2011), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Mitochondria Superoxide Anion Production Contributes to Geranylgeraniol-Induced Death in Leishmania amazonensis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:298320. [PMID: 23304195 PMCID: PMC3529489 DOI: 10.1155/2012/298320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate the activity of geranylgeraniol, the major bioactive constituent from seeds of Bixa orellana, against Leishmania amazonensis. Geranylgeraniol was identified through 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and DEPT. The compound inhibited the promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms, with IC50 of 11 ± 1.0 and 17.5 ± 0.7 μg/mL, respectively. This compound was also more toxic to parasites than to macrophages and did not cause lysis in human blood cells. Morphological and ultrastructural changes induced by geranylgeraniol were observed in the protozoan by electronic microscopy and included mainly mitochondria alterations and an abnormal chromatin condensation in the nucleus. These alterations were confirmed by Rh 123 and TUNEL assays. Additionally, geranylgeraniol induces an increase in superoxide anion production. Collectively, our in vitro studies indicate geranylgeraniol as a selective antileishmanial that appears to be mediated by apoptosis-like cell death.
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