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Avelino-Silva VI, Thomazella MV, Marmorato MP, Correia CA, Dias JZC, Maestri A, Cerqueira NB, Moreira CHV, Buccheri R, Félix AC, Zanella LGFABE, Costa PR, Kallás EG. Viral Kinetics in Sylvatic Yellow Fever Cases. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:1097-1103. [PMID: 36316804 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by yellow fever virus (YFV). Between 2017 and 2019, more than 504 human cases and 176 deaths were confirmed in the outskirts of São Paulo city. Throughout this outbreak, studies suggested a potential association between YFV viremia and mortality.
Methods
Viral ribonucleic acid was measured using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction in plasma samples collected at up to 5 time points, between 3 and 120 days after symptoms onset.
Results
Eighty-four patients with confirmed YFV infection were included. Most were males, median age was 42, and 30 (36%) died. Deceased patients were older than survivors (P = .003) and had a higher viremia across all time points (P = .0006). Mean values of viremia had a positive, statistically significant correlation with peak values of neutrophils, indirect bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, international normalized ratio, and creatinine. Finally, a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age and laboratory variables showed that viremia is independently associated with death, with a mean 1.84-fold increase (84%) in the hazard of death (P < .001) for each unit increase in mean log10 viremia.
Conclusions
Our results raise the importance of monitoring YFV viremia and suggest a potential benefit of antiviral drugs or neutralizing monoclonal antibodies early in the course of this infection to improve disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian I Avelino-Silva
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 05403-000 , Brazil
| | - Mateus Vailant Thomazella
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 1246-903 , Brazil
| | - Mariana Prado Marmorato
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 1246-903 , Brazil
| | - Carolina A Correia
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 1246-903 , Brazil
| | - Juliana Z C Dias
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 1246-903 , Brazil
| | - Alvino Maestri
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 1246-903 , Brazil
| | - Natalia B Cerqueira
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo , SP, 05403-000 , Brazil
| | - Carlos H V Moreira
- Institute of Infectology “Emilio Ribas” , São Paulo, SP, 01246-900 , Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 05403-000 , Brazil
| | - Renata Buccheri
- Institute of Infectology “Emilio Ribas” , São Paulo, SP, 01246-900 , Brazil
| | - Alvina C Félix
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 05403-000 , Brazil
| | - Luiz G F A B E Zanella
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 1246-903 , Brazil
| | - Priscilla R Costa
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 1246-903 , Brazil
| | - Esper G Kallás
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 05403-000 , Brazil
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, 1246-903 , Brazil
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Costa PR, Correia CA, Marmorato MP, Dias JZDC, Thomazella MV, Cabral da Silva A, de Oliveira ACS, Gusmão AF, Ferrari L, Freitas AC, Patiño EG, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Scharf R, Kallás EG, Silveira CGT. Humoral and cellular immune responses to CoronaVac up to one year after vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032411. [PMID: 36341425 PMCID: PMC9634255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavac is a widely used SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, but its long-term immune response assessment is still lacking. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses, including T cell activation markers, antigen-specific cytokine production and antibody response following vaccination in 53 adult and elderly individuals participating in a phase 3 clinical trial. Activated follicular helper T (Tfh), non-Tfh and memory CD4+ T cells were detected in almost all subjects early after the first vaccine dose. Activated memory CD4+ T cells were predominantly of central and effector memory T cell phenotypes and were sustained for at least 6 months. We also detected a balanced Th1-, Th2- and Th17/Th22-type cytokine production that was associated with response over time, together with particular cytokine profile linked to poor responses in older vaccinees. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG levels peaked 14 days after the second dose and were mostly stable over one year. CoronaVac was able to induce a potent and durable antiviral antigen-specific cellular response and the cytokine profiles related to the response over time and impacted by the senescence were defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Ramos Costa
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Argondizo Correia
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Prado Marmorato
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Vailant Thomazella
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cabral da Silva
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Arianne Fagotti Gusmão
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Ferrari
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Carvalho Freitas
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Clinicas Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Esper Georges Kallás
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Clinicas Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cássia Gisele Terrassani Silveira
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cássia Gisele Terrassani Silveira,
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Costa PR, Correia CA, Marmorato MP, de Carvalho Dias JZ, Thomazella MV, da Silva AC, de Oliveira ACS, Gusmão AF, Ferrari L, Freitas AC, Patiño EG, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Scharf R, Kallas EG, Terrassani Silveira CG. Humoral and cellular immune responses to CoronaVac assessed up to one year after vaccination. medRxiv 2022:2022.03.16.22272513. [PMID: 35821982 PMCID: PMC9275662 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.16.22272513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The Sinovac SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) has been demonstrated to be safe, well tolerated, and efficacious in preventing mild and severe Covid-19. Although different studies have demonstrated its short-term immunogenicity, long-term cellular and humoral response evaluations are still lacking. Methods Cellular and humoral responses were assessed after enrollment of volunteers in the PROFISCOV phase 3 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate CoronaVac. Assays were performed using flow cytometry to evaluate cellular immune response and an antigen binding electrochemiluminescence assay to detect antigen-specific antibodies to the virus. Results Fifty-three volunteers were selected for long term assessment of their SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses. CD4 + T cell responses (including circulating follicular helper (cTfh, CD45RA - CXCR5 + ) expressing CD40L, as well as non-cTfh cells expressing CXCR3) were observed early upon the first vaccine dose, increased after the second dose, remaining stable for 6-months. Memory CD4 + T cells were detected in almost all vaccinees, the majority being central memory T cells. IgG levels against Wuhan/WH04/2020 N, S and receptor binding domain (RBD) antigens and the variants of concern (VOCs, including B.1.1.7/Alpha, B.1.351/Beta and P.1/Gamma) S and RBD antigens peaked 14 days after the second vaccine shot, and were mostly stable for a 1-year period. Conclusions CoronaVac two-doses regimen is able to induce a potent and durable SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular response. The cellular reaction is part of a coordinated immune response that includes high levels of specific IgG levels against parental and SARS-CoV-2 VOC strains, still detected after one year. Funding Fundação Butantan, Instituto Butantan and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grants 2020/10127-1 and 2020/06409-1). This work has also been supported by NIH contract 75N93019C00065 (A.S, D.W). PATH facilitated reagent donations for this work with support by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-021239). Under the grant conditions of the foundation, a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 generic License has already been assigned to the Author Accepted Manuscript version that might arise from this submission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Ramos Costa
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Argondizo Correia
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Prado Marmorato
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Vailant Thomazella
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cabral da Silva
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Arianne Fagotti Gusmão
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Ferrari
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Clinicas Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Carvalho Freitas
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Clinicas Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Esper Georges Kallas
- Medical Investigation Laboratory 60 (LIM-60), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Clinicas Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Silva CMD, Peder LDD, Thomazella MV, Teixeira JJV, Bertolini DA. PROFILE OF HCV GENOTYPES AND HIV-SUBTYPES AMONG HIV-COINFECTED PATIENTS IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL. Arq Gastroenterol 2020; 56:344-350. [PMID: 31800733 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) are the two most common infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. OBJECTIVE To identify the frequency of HIV subtypes and HCV genotypes in HIV-coinfected patients. METHODS A cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out into two reference centers in Southern Brazil between January 1, 2002 and June 30, 2016. The Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II system was used for routine diagnostics to determine the HCV genotype based on dual-target real-time PCR. Proviral HIV-1 RNA was extracted from serum samples and fragments of the pol gene were generated by PCR. The HIV-1 PT and RT gene sequences were submitted to Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetic analysis by collecting reference sequences from the HIV-1 group M subtype of the Los Alamos database. RESULTS During the study period, 3340 patients with HIV were diagnosed at both referral centers, of which 4.97% (166/3340) had HBV and/or HCV coinfection. Seroprevalence of HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV-HCV was 37.4%, 58.4%, and 4.2%, respectively. HIV-HCV-coinfected patients had a lower median nadir CD4+ T-cell count when compared to HIV-HBV-coinfected patients (P=0.01). Among those coinfected with HCV, HCV-1 (HCV-1) and HCV-3 (HCV-3) genotypes were the most prevalent, being detected in 73.8% and 21.4%, respectively. Among the HCV-1 coinfected patients, 79.3% and 20.1% had subtypes 1a and 1b, respectively. HIV subtype B was the most prevalent in HIV-coinfected patients. There was no significant difference regarding nadir CD4+ T-cell count and HIV viral load when compared to coinfected with HCV-1 with HCV-3, as well as those co-infected with HCV-1a with HCV-1b. CONCLUSION In the present study, a higher frequency of subtype B of HIV and HCV-1 were found in HIV-coinfected patients. Further larger-scale and long-term studies are needed to better understand the effect of HCV genotypes in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyde Daiane de Peder
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Mateus Vailant Thomazella
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Dennis Armando Bertolini
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Demarchi IG, Terron MDS, Thomazella MV, Mota CA, Gazim ZC, Cortez DAG, Aristides SMA, Silveira TGV, Lonardoni MVC. Antileishmanial and immunomodulatory effects of the essential oil from Tetradenia riparia (Hochstetter) Codd. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:64-77. [PMID: 26615004 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis usually presents therapeutic resistance to antimonials, and the existing therapies for leishmaniasis have many adverse effects and toxicity. Natural products may be regarded as possible candidates for alternative leishmaniasis treatment. The plant Tetradenia riparia has shown promise for the treatment of infectious diseases in folk medicine. We evaluated the antileishmanial activity of an essential oil from T. riparia (TrEO) and the modulatory effects of TrEO on cytokine modulation by peritoneal fluid cells that were infected with L. (L.) amazonensis. Peritoneal fluid cells were infected with Leishmania and incubated with TrEO (30 ng/mL) for 3, 6, and 24 h. Cytokines were screened using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. Antileishmanial activity was evaluated at 24 h by microscopic counting and quantitative PCR (qPCR). TrEO treatment induced the death of 50% of Leishmania amastigotes (indicated by microscopic counting) and 91% of the parasite load (indicated by qPCR). TrEO inhibited some of the most critical cytokines for parasite growth and the establishment of infection, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor. The parasite inhibited interferon-γ and IL-12, and TrEO blocked this inhibition, indicating that these cytokines are critical for activating mechanisms associated with the death and elimination of the parasite. These results suggest that TrEO may be an alternative leishmaniasis therapy when considering its antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabel Galhardo Demarchi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza Terron
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mateus Vailant Thomazella
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Alves Mota
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
- Departamento de Farmácia, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais da Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Mara Alessi Aristides
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Demarchi IG, Thomazella MV, de Souza Terron M, Lopes L, Gazim ZC, Cortez DAG, Donatti L, Aristides SMA, Silveira TGV, Lonardoni MVC. Antileishmanial activity of essential oil and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone isolated from Tetradenia riparia. Exp Parasitol 2015; 157:128-37. [PMID: 26116864 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tetradenia riparia plant is used as a traditional medicine in Africa for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases as like parasitic. Therapy for leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis specie often fails, and the conventional drugs are toxic, expensive, require a long period of treatment, and adverse effects are common. The alternative therapies using natural products are inexpensive and have few or any adverse reaction. These reasons are sufficient to investigate the new natural therapeutic for leishmaniasis. We evaluated the potential of the essential oil (TrEO) and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone (TrROY) isolated from T. riparia on L. (L.) amazonensis promastigote and amastigote forms, cytotoxicity on human erythrocytes and murine macrophages, nitric production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. TrEO was the most effective to promote the Leishmania promastigote death. After 72 h incubation, the lethal dose of TrEO and TrROY that promoted 50% Leishmania death (LD50) were 0.8 μg/mL and 3 μg/mL, respectively. TrEO and TrROY were not cytotoxic to human erythrocytes, but TrROY was toxic to murine macrophages resulting in a low selectivity index. The transmission electronic microscopy showed that TrEO (0.03 μg/mL) was able to modify the promastigote ultrastructures suggesting autophagy as chromatin condensation, blebbing, membranous profiles and nuclear fragmentation. Infected-macrophages treated with TrEO (0.03 μg/mL) or TrROY (10 μg/mL) had an infection index decreased in 65 and 48%. TrEO did not induce iNOS mRNA expression or nitrite production in macrophages infected with Leishmania. TrROY and mainly TrEO promoted the Leishmania death, and TrROY showed loss toxicity to erythrocytes cells. Other compounds derived from T. riparia and the essential oil could be explored to develop a new alternative treatment for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana de Souza Terron
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lilian Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais da Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Lucélia Donatti
- Laboratório de Biologia Adaptativa, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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