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Antoranz Y, Sáez de Villarreal E, del Campo Vecino J, Jiménez-Saiz SL. Sure Steps: Key Strategies for Protecting Basketball Players from Injuries-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4912. [PMID: 39201056 PMCID: PMC11355145 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Basketball is a high-intensity sport, which includes actions such as jumping, changes of direction, accelerations, and decelerations, which generates fatigue situations that may increase the risk of injury. Specifically, the joints at greatest risk are the ankle and knee, with ankle sprains and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears being the most prevalent injuries. There are several strategies aimed at reducing the incidence, based on training methods or other prophylactic measures. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to perform a systematic review of the different injury prevention strategies in competitive-level basketball players with respect to general injuries, ankle sprains, and ACL injuries. Methods: For this purpose, the PRISMA methodology was applied, performing a search in three databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane) between 25 September 2023 and 8 October 2023. Results: A total of 964 articles were identified, out of which 283 were duplicates and 644 were discarded. Out of the remaining 37, 23 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria; therefore, 14 articles were finally included. With respect to general injuries, 8 out of 14 studies reviewed them. Concerning ankle sprains, 7 studies specifically analyzed them. Finally, 3 studies focused on ACL injuries. Conclusions: Training programs that combine different contents, known as neuromuscular training, including strength work, stabilization or core, mobility, and agility are the most effective for both general injuries and ACL injuries. For ankle sprains, the most effective measures are training programs based on analytical ankle stability exercises and the use of ankle braces. Adherence to prevention programs is essential, so they can be included as part of the warm-up. Other strategies such as training load control, functional assessment, or rule modification are not used in the included articles, so their effectiveness as prophylactic methods could not be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Antoranz
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (Y.A.); (J.d.C.V.)
| | - Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal
- Physical Performance Sports Research Center (PPSRC), Universidad Pablo Olavide Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Juan del Campo Vecino
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (Y.A.); (J.d.C.V.)
| | - Sergio L. Jiménez-Saiz
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Education & Sport Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28942 Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
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Hu D, Sun H, Wang S, Wang H, Zheng X, Tang H, Hou H. Treatment and prevention of chronic ankle instability: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Foot Ankle Surg 2024:S1268-7731(24)00159-0. [PMID: 39107216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common and highly disabling condition. Although several studies have evaluated and analyzed prevention and treatment strategies for CAI, an unbiased and systematic synthesis of evidence is required to provide the most powerful and comprehensive evidence-based measures for the its prevention and treatment of CAI. This study aimed to synthesize evidence from the existing literature addressing the treatment and prevention of CAI. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for relevant studies from inception to December 12, 2023. Data on effect sizes and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals for selected intervention measures were extracted. Systematic reviews were assessed for quality of included studies using a measurement tool (i.e., "AMSTAR 2"). RESULTS In total, 37 studies were included, among which 21 (57 %) were of high or moderate quality. Strong evidence suggested that lower weight (P < 0.001), lower body mass index (P = 0.002), and non-stability defects (P = 0.04) significantly reduced the risk of developing CAI. Strong evidence supported exercise and moderate evidence supported manual therapy, acupuncture, and surgery for improving CAI. Additionally, external support plays an active role in the treatment process of CAI. CONCLUSION This is the first study synthesizing evidence supporting interventions for the treatment and prevention of CAI. Low body weight and body mass index were effective preventive measures against CAI. Exercise, manual therapy, acupuncture, and surgery can improve ankle function in patients with CAI. Plantar sensory treatment and neuromuscular training may be good therapeutic options for patients with CAI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, 510630 Guangzhou, China; International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, 510630 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, 510630 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- The Clinical Medicine Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; The Clinical Medicine Research Institute, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan 517000, China.
| | - Huige Hou
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, 510630 Guangzhou, China.
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Zhou T, He L, Huang F, Sharp T, Hou X. Short-term effects of kinesiology taping on static and dynamic balance in healthy subjects. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1397881. [PMID: 38895169 PMCID: PMC11183502 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1397881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As a therapeutic tool, kinesiology taping (KT) has become increasingly popular for musculoskeletal injuries utilized by physiotherapists. KT has been found to have effects on facilitating muscle strength by generating a concentric pull on the fascia. However, little is known about KT in the improvement of dynamic and static balance. This study aims to explore whether KT on the quadriceps muscle has any immediate effects on static and dynamic balance. Methodology Twenty-seven healthy individuals (13 males and 14 females, aged 22 to 29) were recruited in a crossover study with two conditions: KT and no taping. KT was applied to the quadriceps muscle for the taping group, with the control receiving no taping. Pre- and post-test measurements were taken to give an indication of the effect of the tape on balance performance. Center of Pressure Excursion (COPE) and Time to Stabilization (TTS) when landing from a hop test and Y Balance test combined score (YBTCS) were used to assess a stabilizing balance activity and a dynamic balance. The pre- and post-intervention were collected, with differences explored using repeated measures ANOVA with time and condition (tape) factor analysis. Results We found a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) with a moderate to large effect size in YBTCS between KT and no taping, indicating enhanced balance performance in the KT group. However, no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) with small to moderate effect size was found in COPE or TTS between the two conditions during landing tests, suggesting similar balance capabilities in these specific measures. Conclusion The use of KT shows no significant immediate effect on static balance in healthy individuals when applied to the quadriceps muscles; however, it demonstrates a positive immediate effect on dynamic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhou
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lin He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fasen Huang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tim Sharp
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao Hou
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Zimmermann J, Zingg L, Frey WO, Schläppi M, Babians A, Zingg U. Clinical, functional and radiological outcome after osteosynthesis of ankle fractures using a specific provocation test. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:327. [PMID: 38825673 PMCID: PMC11145828 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle fractures are frequent, and despite numerous publications on their treatment and outcome, there is a lack of precise data on the functional results in young, healthy and physically active patients. We hypothesized that patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for simple ankle fractures would have similar function compared to a healthy control group, whereas patients with complex fractures will have significant functional deficits. Furthermore, we postulate that there is a discrepancy between the radiological and the functional outcomes. METHODS A set of specific provocation tests was developed to evaluate the postoperative possibility of weight bearing, stop-and-go activities and range of motion. In combination with three questionnaires and a radiographic evaluation, the true functional outcome and the possibility of participating in sporting activities were investigated and compared with those of an age- and sex-matched control group. RESULTS A significant impairment was found in unilateral and simple ankle fractures. This impairment increased in tests including stop-and-go activities in combination with load bearing and with the complexity of the fractures. Concerning the subjective outcome, there was a significant adverse effect for daily activities without any difference in preoperative or postoperative sporting activity between the groups. No difference was found in the radiological assessment. CONCLUSIONS Both simple and complex ankle fractures treated with ORIF have a significant and long-lasting impact on functional outcome in young and active patients. The radiological result is not associated with a good functional outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION BASEC-Nr. 2018 - 01124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Zimmermann
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Limmattal Hospital, Urdorferstrasse 100, Zurich-Schlieren, 8952, Switzerland.
| | - Liv Zingg
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Limmattal Hospital, Urdorferstrasse 100, Zurich-Schlieren, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Walter O Frey
- Movemed, Department of Sport Medicine, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
- Klinik Hirslanden Zurich, Witellikerstrasse 40, Zürich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Michel Schläppi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hospital of Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, Postfach, Winterthur, 8401, Switzerland
| | - Arby Babians
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Limmattal Hospital, Urdorferstrasse 100, Zurich-Schlieren, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Urs Zingg
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Limmattal Hospital, Urdorferstrasse 100, Zurich-Schlieren, 8952, Switzerland
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Yilmaz R, Gül S, Yilmaz H, Karaarslan F. Comparison of the effectiveness of peloid therapy and kinesiotaping in patients with unilateral plantar fasciitis: A prospective, randomized controlled study. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2024; 70:221-232. [PMID: 38948638 PMCID: PMC11209338 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to compare the efficacy of peloid therapy and kinesiotaping for unilateral plantar fasciitis (PF). Patients and methods In the randomized controlled study, a total of 114 patients (89 females, 25 males; mean age: 45.1±8.3 years; range, 27 to 65 years) diagnosed with unilateral PF between January 2021 and March 2023 were randomly divided into three equal groups: the peloid group (peloid therapy and home-based exercise + heel pad), the kinesiotaping group (kinesiotaping and home-based exercise + heel pad), and the control group (home-based exercise + heel pad). Peloid therapy was performed over two weeks for a total of 10 sessions. Kinesiotaping was applied four times over two weeks. Plantar fascia, calf, and Achilles stretching exercises and foot strengthening exercises were performed, and prefabricated silicone heel insoles were used daily for six weeks. Patients were evaluated three times with clinical assessment scales for pain, the Heel Tenderness Index, and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score before treatment, at the end of treatment, and in the first month after treatment. Results Statistically significant improvements were observed for all parameters at the end of treatment and in the first month after treatment compared to the baseline in every group (p<0.001). No superiority was found between the groups. Conclusion Peloid therapy or kinesiotaping, given as adjuncts to home-based exercise therapy and shoe insoles in patients with unilateral PF, did not result in additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Yilmaz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences, Konya Beyhekim Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Gül
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Konya Metropolitan Hospital, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Halim Yilmaz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences, Konya Beyhekim Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Karaarslan
- Department of Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
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Azimi A, Dizaji SR, Tabatabaei FS, Safari S, Nakhaei Amroodi M, Azimi AF. Effect of Postoperative Kinesio Taping on Knee Edema, Pain, and Range of Motion After Total Knee Arthroplasty and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. JBJS Rev 2024; 12:01874474-202403000-00011. [PMID: 38489396 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.23.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesio taping (KT) has been shown to be clinically effective in a wide range of musculoskeletal disorders. Despite evidence supporting KT, there still needs to be more certainty regarding its clinical worthiness in managing postoperative conditions. This study aims to assess the effect of postoperative KT on knee edema, pain, and range of motion (ROM) when added to routine physiotherapy after knee surgery. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases were searched from their inception to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing routine physiotherapy with and without KT were included. Random-effect models were used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD), confidence interval, and heterogeneity (I2). RESULTS Sixteen RCTs on 842 operated knees were included. KT reduced knee edema in first week (SMD, -0.59, p < 0.001), 14th postoperative day (POD) (SMD, -0.78, p < 0.001), and 28 to 42 days postop (SMD, -0.66, p < 0.001). The KT demonstrated significant pain improvement in second week (SMD, -0.87, p < 0.001) and the fourth week (SMD, -0.53, p < 0.001). The KT groups demonstrated ROM improvement within second week (SMD, 0.69, p = 0.010) and in the 28th POD (SMD, 0.89, p = 0.009). Subgroup analysis demonstrated minimal heterogeneity in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) cases. However, it did not show significant superiority regarding ankle, calf, or thigh edema and Lysholm scale. CONCLUSION This study suggests that adding KT to routine postoperative physiotherapy reduces pain and knee edema after total knee arthroplasty or ACLR. Low to very low certainty of evidence for all outcomes and the limited number of studies emphasize the need for more high-quality primary studies to explore the optimal method of KT application and its effectiveness in specific knee surgeries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Azimi
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Roshdi Dizaji
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Safari
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Nakhaei Amroodi
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Farbod Azimi
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kohler FC, Hallbauer J, Herrmann L, Ullrich BW, Biedermann U, Wildemann B, Hofmann GO, Ramm R, Lenz M, Marintschev I, Schenk P. Standardized analysis of syndesmosis stability in ankle trauma with an innovative syndesmosis-test-tool: a biomechanical study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1659. [PMID: 38238396 PMCID: PMC10796637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
When treating ankle fractures, the question of syndesmosis complex involvement often arises. So far, there is no standardized method to reliably detect syndesmosis injuries in the surgical treatment of ankle fractures. For this reason, an intraoperative syndesmosis-test-tool (STT) was developed and compared to the recommended and established hook-test (HT). Tests were performed on cadaveric lower legs (n = 20) and the diastasis was visualized by 3D camera. Tests were performed at 50, 80, and 100 N in native conditions and four instability levels. Instability was induced from anterior to posterior and the reverse on the opposite side. The impact on diastasis regarding the direction, the force level, the instability level, and the device used was checked using a general linear model for repeated measurement. The direction of the induced instability showed no influence on the diastasis during the stability tests. The diastasis measured with the STT increased from 0.5 to 3.0 mm depending on the instability, while the range was lower with the HT (1.1 to 2.3 mm). The results showed that the differentiation between the instability levels was statistically significantly better for the developed STT. The last level of maximum instability was significantly better differentiable with the STT compared to the HT. An average visualizable diastasis of more than 2 mm could only be achieved at maximum instability. In conclusion, the newly developed STT was superior to the commonly used HT to detect instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Christian Kohler
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Jakob Hallbauer
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Lea Herrmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wilhelm Ullrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinikum Bergmannstrost Halle gGmbH, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Uta Biedermann
- Institute of Anatomy I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Britt Wildemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Gunther Olaf Hofmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Ramm
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF), Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mark Lenz
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivan Marintschev
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Schenk
- Department of Science, Research and Education, BG Klinikum Bergmannstrost Halle gGmbH, 06112, Halle, Germany
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Mousavi SH, Khorramroo F, Minoonejad H, Zwerver J. Effects of biofeedback on biomechanical factors associated with chronic ankle instability: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:168. [PMID: 38093253 PMCID: PMC10720076 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofeedback may alter the biomechanics of lower extremities in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). We aimed to systematically review the literature on the effect of gait-training and biofeedback on biomechanical parameters in individuals with CAI and conduct a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched four databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase from their inception through 30th June 2022. The Downs and Black appraisal scale was applied to assess quality of included studies. Two reviewers screened studies to identify those reporting the effect of biofeedback on biomechanical factors associated with CAI. Outcomes of interest were kinetics and kinematics. Two authors separately extracted data from included studies. Data of interest were study design, number of sessions, intervention, tools, outcomes, number, sex, age, height, and body mass of participants. RESULTS Thirteen studies with a total of 226 participants were included. Biofeedback was capable of shifting center of pressure (COP) and lateral plantar pressure medially and reducing foot inversion, adduction, propulsive vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), ankle joint contact force, peak pressure and pressure time integral in the lateral mid-foot and forefoot. Auditory biofeedback had agreater impact on modifying plantar pressure in individuals with CAI. The meta-analyses revealed that visual biofeedback reduces peak pressure in lateral mid-foot and pressure time integral at lateral and medial heel and pressure increases under the hallux. CONCLUSION Biofeedback can alter pressure, vGRF, and foot inversion associated with CAI. Auditory biofeedback had greater impact on modifying plantar pressure in individuals with CAI. Further studies are required to assess the prolonged effect and clinical consequences of biofeedback or a combination of feedback on CAI in different age groups. Moreover, developing a low-cost and user-friendly device that can be evaluated in high quality RCTs is important prior to implementing the intervention in the clinical setting to reduce symptoms of CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamed Mousavi
- Department of Sport Injuries and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Khorramroo
- Department of Sport Injuries and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hooman Minoonejad
- Department of Sport Injuries and Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johannes Zwerver
- Johannes Zwerver, Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Sports Valley, Sports Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
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Raza A, Zaki S, Alam MF, Sharma S, Aysha T, Khiyami AT, Althobaiti AJ, Alnefaie HA, Nuhmani S. Effects of facilitatory and inhibitory Kinesio taping on lateral gastrocnemius muscle activity, motor neuron excitability, and countermovement jump height in university athletes from multiple sports: A randomized controlled trial. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23230. [PMID: 38144290 PMCID: PMC10746485 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to investigate the temporal effects of two Kinesio Taping (KT) techniques on lateral gastrocnemius muscle activity, motor neuron excitability, and countermovement jump height in university athletes from hockey, football, basketball, and volleyball. Additionally, it investigates whether the athletes' playing positions-either attacker or defender-influence these outcomes following the KT application. Methods Forty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group A (n = 16), Group B (n = 16), and Group C (n = 16). All groups were further subdivided into attackers and defenders. Adhesive Kinesio tape was applied to the lateral gastrocnemius using the Y-shaped technique for three days. Facilitatory KT was applied from the origin to the insertion of the lateral gastrocnemius, while inhibitory KT was applied from the insertion to the origin. Motor neuron excitability, electromyographic activity, and countermovement jump height were tested at baseline, as well as after KT application, to evaluate if the dependent variables had changed. One-way ANOVA was used for baseline comparison, and mixed ANOVA was applied to assess post-interventional effects on the outcome measures. Results Significant group effects for lateral gastrocnemius activation were found, measured using percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (% MVIC) average root mean square (RMS). In motor neuron excitability, maximal M-wave (Mmax) was significantly improved in group comparison. Further, there was also a significant increase in countermovement jump height. There was no significant difference in outcome measures based on playing position (attacker and defender). Conclusion Both KT techniques effectively influenced the lateral gastrocnemius muscle's activity, motor neuron excitability, and jump height when compared with the control group. Additionally, there is no effect of playing position, specifically attacker or defender, on the examined variables following KT application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmar Raza
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Saima Zaki
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Farhan Alam
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Tuba Aysha
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ahmad Talal Khiyami
- Department of Physical Therapy, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Shibli Nuhmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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10
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Wang L, Ye J, Zhang X. Ankle biomechanics of the three-step layup in a basketball player with chronic ankle instability. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18667. [PMID: 37907629 PMCID: PMC10618240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the effects of chronic ankle instability (CAI) on the biomechanics of the ankle joint in the three-step layup of basketball players are not clear. This work aims to thoroughly investigate the impact of CAI on the biomechanical characteristics of the ankle during the execution of a three-step layup in basketball players. Thirty male basketball players were stratified into distinct groups-namely, a CAI group and a non-CAI group-comprising 15 individuals each, based on the presence or absence of CAI. Demographic attributes, including age, weight, height, and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score, were subjected to rigorous statistical examination within both athlete cohorts. The research employed four Whistler 9281CA 3D force measuring platforms (Switzerland), recording at 1000 Hz, in conjunction with eight camera motion analysis systems (USA), functioning at a frequency of 200 Hz. The study recorded maximal plantarflexion angle, inversion angle, dorsiflexion angle, and peak ankle dorsiflexion moment across the subjects during the distinct phases of push-off, landing, and the ensuing landing period. The findings notably exhibited that within the context of the one-foot push-off phase, the maximum ankle inversion angle was notably diminished in the CAI group as contrasted with the non-CAI group, demonstrating statistical significance (t = - 3.006, P < 0.01). The CAI group exhibited a lesser alteration in ankle inversion angle compared to the non-CAI group. Notably, during the one-foot landing period, the CAI group demonstrated a significantly greater maximum ankle inversion angle in contrast to the non-CAI group (t = 8.802, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the CAI group displayed a substantially larger maximum dorsiflexion angle at the ankle joint compared to the non-CAI group (t = 2.265, P < 0.05). Additionally, the CAI group exhibited a prolonged peak time for ankle dorsiflexion moment as compared to the non-CAI group (t = - 2.428, P < 0.05). Collectively, the findings elucidated a reduction in the maximum ankle joint inversion angle during the one-foot push-off phase in individuals with CAI. Furthermore, increased maximum inversion angle and maximum dorsiflexion angle of the ankle joint were observed during the one-foot landing period, alongside a lengthening of the peak time of ankle dorsiflexion moment. These results contribute valuable insights into the selection of training methodologies for basketball players afflicted by CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Wang
- China Basketball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing City, 100084, China
| | - Jiahui Ye
- China Basketball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing City, 100084, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- China Basketball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing City, 100084, China.
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Mazloum V, Akbari H, Gholampour A. The comparison of the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and Kinesio Taping on ankle swelling in athletes with lateral ankle sprain. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:63. [PMID: 37300642 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ankle swelling (AS) is one of the main complaints in athletes with a lateral ankle sprain (LAS) in the acute phase. Reducing AS may help the athlete to return to training faster. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Kinesio Taping® (KT) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in reducing AS in athletes with a LAS. METHODS Thirty-one athletes with a unilateral ankle sprain from various sports were allocated to either KT (N = 16; mean age of 24.1 years) or NMES (N = 15; mean age of 26.4 years) groups. KT was applied over the medial and lateral ankle surfaces in the Fan cut pattern for five consecutive days; however, NMES was applied to the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles for 30 min. Outcome measures to assess the extent of AS included volumetry, perimetry, relative volumetry, and the difference in both ankles' volumetry and perimetry at baseline, after the interventions, and 15 days following the treatment completion. RESULTS The results of the mixed model repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated no significant difference between the two groups in mean changes in outcomes over pre- and post-interventions as well as follow-up periods (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS None of the KT and NMES methods could reduce acute AS in athletes with LAS. Further studies are needed in this area of research that consider changes in treatment protocol given the variety of NMES approaches and KT applications that can be used in recovery from an ankle sprain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mazloum
- Clinical Care and Health Promotion Research Center, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hadi Akbari
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Anis Gholampour
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Li R, Qin R, Tan Y, Liu H, Wang K, Cheng L. Effect of kinesio taping intervention on the muscle strength and balance of college basketball players with functional ankle instability. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1064625. [PMID: 37064886 PMCID: PMC10090455 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1064625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute Kinesio Taping (KT) intervention on the muscle strength and balance ability of college basketball players with functional ankle instability (FAI).Methods: Thirty college basketball players with FAI were treated with acute KT to test the changes in their muscle strength and balance ability.Results: After acute KT intervention, the ankle dorsiflexion moment and the ankle plantar flexion moment increased by 34% and 19.9%, respectively. The stable plane test with the subjects’ eyes open decreased by 1%, whereas that with the subjects’ eyes closed decreased by 1.1%. The swaying environment test with the subjects’ eyes open increased by 2.4%. The swaying plane test with the subjects’ eyes open increased by 5.1%, whereas that with the subjects’ eyes closed increased by 16.2%. The swaying environment test with the subjects’ eyes open plus the use of a plane increased by 12.1%.Conclusion: KT can increase the isokinetic strength of the ankle dorsum muscle and plantar flexion of college basketball players with FAI. The effect of KT in the static balance test was weaker than that in the dynamic balance test. The findings indicate that KT can significantly improve the balance ability of college basketball players with FAI during dynamic sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Qin
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Qin, ; Yajun Tan,
| | - Yajun Tan
- Sport Hospital, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Qin, ; Yajun Tan,
| | | | - Kun Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
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Impairment-based assessments for patients with lateral ankle sprain: A systematic review of measurement properties. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280388. [PMID: 36812288 PMCID: PMC9946235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The International Ankle Consortium developed a core outcome set for the assessment of impairments in patients with lateral ankle sprain (LAS) without consideration of measurement properties (MP). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate MPs of assessments for the evaluation of individuals with a history of LAS. METHODS This systematic review of measurement properties follows PRISMA and COSMIN guidelines. Databases Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus were searched for eligible studies (last search: July 2022). Studies on MP of specific tests and patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) in patients with acute and history of LAS (>4 weeks post injury) were deemed eligible. RESULTS Ten studies of acute LAS and 39 studies of history of LAS patients with a total of 3313 participants met the inclusion criteria. Anterior Drawer Test (ADT) in supine position five days post injury and Reverse Anterolateral Drawer Test are recommended in acute settings in single studies. In the history of LAS patients, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) (4 studies) as a PROM, Multiple Hop (3 studies) and Star Excursion Balance Tests (SEBT) (3 studies) for dynamic postural balance testing showed good MPs. No studies investigated pain, physical activity level and gait. Only single studies reported on swelling, range of motion, strength, arthrokinematics, and static postural balance. Limited data existed on responsiveness of the tests in both subgroups. CONCLUSION There was good evidence to support the use of CAIT as PROM, Multiple Hop, and SEBT for dynamic postural balance testing. Insufficient evidence exists in relation to test responsiveness, especially in the acute situation. Future research should assess MPs of assessments of other impairments associated with LAS.
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Yin Y, Yu Z, Wang J, Sun J. Effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Training Combined with Maitland Mobilization for the Treatment of Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15328. [PMID: 36430049 PMCID: PMC9690276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to determine whether routine rehabilitation training combined with the Maitland mobilization is more effective than routine rehabilitation training alone in patients with chronic ankle instability, intending to provide a novel rehabilitation strategy for chronic ankle instability. A total of 48 subjects were divided into three groups: EG (Maitland mobilization and routine rehabilitation), CG (routine rehabilitation), and SG (sham mobilization and routine rehabilitation). The intervention was performed three times each week for 4 weeks, for a total of 12 sessions. Before and after the intervention, the muscle strength, star excursion balance test (SEBT), weight-bearing dorsiflexion range of motion (WB-DFROM), ankle range of movement, Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT), self-comfort visual analog scale (SCS-VAS), and self-induced stability scale (SISS-VAS) were assessed. The results showed that the improvement of SEBT, WB-DFROM, and active ankle range of movement without the pain in EG was more obvious than CG and SG, but the improvement of the self-report of ankle severity and muscle strength was not. Compared with routine rehabilitation training alone, routine rehabilitation training combined with Maitland mobilization for patients with chronic ankle instability may provide more benefit in terms of balance and ankle range of movement than routine rehabilitation alone, but the improvement in muscle strength was not evident enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Yin
- College of Physical and Health Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengze Yu
- College of Physical and Health Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junzhi Sun
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Malhotra D, Sharma S, Chachra A, Dhingra M, Alghadir AH, Nuhmani S, Jaleel G, Alqhtani RS, Alshehri MM, Beg RA, Shaphe MA, Iqbal A. The Time-Based Effects of Kinesio Taping on Acute-Onset Muscle Soreness and Calf Muscle Extensibility among Endurance Athletes: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:5996. [PMID: 36294315 PMCID: PMC9604517 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11205996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to determine the effects of kinesio tape (KT) application on acute-onset muscle soreness and the extensibility of the calf muscles in endurance athletes. METHODS A one-arm repeated-measures randomized cross-over controlled study design investigated 55 endurance athletes, including 10 cyclists, 30 badminton players, and 15 long-distance runners (mean age 16.40 ± 2.69) from different stadia in Delhi NCR, India. KT and sham tapes (ST) were applied randomly to right and left legs (prone position) in a cross-over manner with a gap of 72 h. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ADFROM) and pain due to acute-onset muscle soreness were assessed immediately and 10 min and 30 min after treadmill running, using a universal goniometer and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), respectively, along with the time to fatigue. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was observed for the NPRS when the mean scores obtained for the KT and ST groups were compared immediately after cessation of running; however, the difference was not statistically significant in the NPRS score that was recorded ten or thirty minutes after. The range of motion increased significantly after the application of both the KT and the ST. After running on a treadmill, the range of motion decreased significantly with both the KT and ST, and the decrease was similar. CONCLUSION KT was more effective in reducing the pain intensity immediately after running and increased the time spent running on the treadmill before fatigue set in among endurance athletes. In addition, the two taping methods (KT or ST) were equally effective in enhancing calf muscle extensibility (for both right and left legs) immediately after application. However, both taping methods failed in limiting the decrease in ankle ADFROM after treadmill running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Nursing Sciences & Allied Health, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Sports Physiotherapy Department, Stairs Physiotherapy and Fitness Center, Ulsoor branch, Bengaluru 560005, India
| | - Ashima Chachra
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Nursing Sciences & Allied Health, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Meenu Dhingra
- Human Performance Lab, Sports Authority of India (SAI), Jawaharalal Nehru Stadium Complex (East Gate) Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shibili Nuhmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34221, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghufran Jaleel
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Nursing Sciences & Allied Health, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Raee S. Alqhtani
- Medical Rehabilitation Department, Medical Applied Science College, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alshehri
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Ali Beg
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abu Shaphe
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Iqbal
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Effect of Ankle Proprioception Training on Preventing Ankle Injury of Martial Arts Athletes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8867724. [PMID: 36246973 PMCID: PMC9568334 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8867724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Martial arts routines originated in China and are a traditional sport of the Chinese nation. They are one of the outstanding sports culture representatives in China since ancient times. Excessively difficult movements in some martial arts routines during competitions or training can cause athlete injuries. The purpose of this article is to study the effect of proprioceptive training of ankle joints on preventing ankle injuries in martial arts athletes. Can ankle strength training and ankle proprioceptive training combined with strength training improve the dynamic and static balance of football players? This article analyzes the mechanism and causes of martial arts athletes' injuries and proposes treatment methods for ankle injuries. In the experimental part of this article, 16 martial arts athletes (8 males and 8 females) were selected as research objects, and they were randomly divided into 4 male and female experimental groups and 4 control groups. The experimental group received ankle muscle strength training for 6 weeks, and the control group received ankle muscle strength training and ankle proprioception training. The experimental results prove that ankle proprioceptive training can improve the dynamic and static balance of martial arts athletes and can effectively prevent the occurrence of ankle injury. In this paper, the dynamic balance ability in the biped standing state with eyes closed was tested, and the reductions of the stability index in the front and back directions of the control group and the experimental group were 0.03 and 0.2, respectively. It can be seen that the stability training effect of the experimental group was obvious.
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Li P, Wei Z, Zeng Z, Wang L. Acute effect of kinesio tape on postural control in individuals with functional ankle instability following ankle muscle fatigue. Front Physiol 2022; 13:980438. [PMID: 36111154 PMCID: PMC9468612 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.980438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kinesio taping (KT) is one of the therapeutic interventions in sports medicine practice. The study aims to assess the acute effect of different KT methods on postural control in individuals with functional ankle instability (FAI) after ankle muscle fatigue. Methods: Twenty-eight participants with FAI were recruited to complete maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and proprioception of ankle using isokinetic dynamometer, dynamic postural control using Y-balance test and static postural control using a force platform after a fatigue protocol in four taping conditions: facilitatory KT (FKT), ankle balance taping (ABT), sham taping (ST) and no taping (NT). Results: No significant difference was observed for the data MVIC and proprioception after ankle muscle fatigue amongst the four taping treatments. A significant difference in Y-Balance Test was observed amongst the four taping treatments at posterolateral direction (p < 0.001) and posteromedial direction (p < 0.001), suggesting that KT may significantly improve dynamic postural control following ankle muscle fatigue. For Center of pressure (COP) measurements, the mediolateral COP sway range of NT was significantly larger than that of FKT (p = 0.003) and ST (p < 0.001), suggesting that the placebo effect of KT was inevitable. Conclusion: The effect of KT seems increased dynamic postural control in individuals with FAI after ankle muscle fatigue, and this effect is not strongly related to the taping methods. By preventing fatigue-related impairments of postural control, KT may help reduce the risk of injury in individuals with FAI.
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