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El-Wakil ES, Abdelmaksoud HF, Wakid MH, Alsulami MN, Hammam O, Albohiri HH, Ghallab MMI. Annona muricata Leaf as an Anti-Cryptosporidial Agent: An In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis and In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:878. [PMID: 37375825 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a serious parasitic diarrheal disease linked to the occurrence of colorectal cancer in immunocompromised patients. The FDA-approved drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) achieved a temporary effect, and relapses occur. Annona muricata leaf is widely used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of disorders, including antiparasitic and anticancer effects. So, this study aimed to investigate Annona muricata leaf antiparasitic and anticancer properties compared to NTZ in Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) acutely and chronically infected immunosuppressed mice. A molecular docking analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of some biologically active compounds that represented the pharmacological properties of Annona muricata leaf-rich extract toward C. parvum lactate dehydrogenase compared to NTZ. For the in vivo study, eighty immunosuppressed albino mice were classified into four groups as follows: group I: infected and treated with A. muricata; group II: infected and treated with nitazoxanide; group III: infected and received no treatment; and group IV: were neither infected nor treated. Furthermore, half of the mice in groups I and II received the drugs on the 10th day post-infection (dpi), and the other half received treatment on the 90th day post-infection. Parasitological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed. The docking analysis showed that the lowest estimated free energy of binding of annonacin, casuarine, L-epigallocatechin, P-coumaric acid, and ellagic acid toward C. parvum LDH, were -6.11, -6.32, -7.51, -7.81, and -9.64 kcal/mol, respectively, while NTZ was -7.03 kcal/mol. Parasitological examination displayed a significantly high difference in C. parvum oocyst mean counts in groups I and II compared to group III (p-value < 0.001), with group I demonstrating the highest efficacy. The analyses of histopathological and immunohistochemical results revealed that group I showed restoration of the normal villous pattern without evidence of dysplasia or malignancy. A. muricata leaf has proved to be a reliable agent for Cryptosporidium treatment. This paper argues for its promising use as an antiparasitic agent and for the prevention of neoplastic sequels of Cryptosporidium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S El-Wakil
- Department of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba 12411, Egypt
| | - Hagar F Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba 12411, Egypt
| | - Majed H Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslimah N Alsulami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olfat Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba 12411, Egypt
| | - Haleema H Albohiri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa M I Ghallab
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Tepa AGN, Ambassa P, Ayong LS, Biapa Nya PC, Pieme CA. The Antiplasmodial Potential of Medicinal Plants Used in the Cameroonian Pharmacopoeia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:4661753. [PMID: 36254175 PMCID: PMC9569203 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4661753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a real public health problem. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Research in herbal medicine has so far shown that the use of plants against malaria is not to be neglected. This review aims to highlight the antiplasmodial potential of Cameroonian plants. In order to achieve this objective, we conducted a bibliographic search in April 2022 using the PubMed search engine. This research included both the published and unpublished studies. A narrative approach was used to describe the antiplasmodial potential of the various species of plants investigated. Quantitative data were analyzed using R studio 4.1.1 software and random effects model was used to estimate the effect size. The research of the antiplasmodial activity of Cameroonian plants dates back to 2000. This area of research has since provided extensive data to indicate the antiplasmodial potential of several plants, most of which originate from the central region. Despite the heterogeneity observed between the different plant families studied in Cameroon for their in vitro antiplasmodial effect, there is strong evidence that 17 active compounds from these plants would be ideal candidates for the synthesis of new antimalarial drugs. The Dacryodes edulis species could be considered as the best natural alternative in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria according to its properties. It is clear that the traditional Cameroonian pharmacopoeia has many species that contain compounds with antiplasmodial activity. More studies need to be conducted to explore the multitude of unexplored plants that are used in traditional medicine. These studies should take into account the nature of the cell model used for cytotoxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gabin N. Tepa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, P.O. Box 1364, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Panthaleon Ambassa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Lawrence S. Ayong
- Public Health and Epidemiology Unit, Centre Pasteur Du Cameroun, P. O. Box 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Constant Anatole Pieme
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, P.O. Box 1364, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Mazumdar S, Ghosh AK, Purohit S, Das AK, Bhattacharyya A, Karmakar P. Immunomodulatory activity of ethanol extract of Annona reticulata L. leaf in cultured immune cells and in Swiss albino mice. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100554. [PMID: 35334452 PMCID: PMC8943405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Annona reticulata Linn, has been shown to possess antipyretic, antihelmintic, hypoglycemic, antiulcer and wound healing properties. However, its immunomodulatory role is yet to be explored. Objective(s) In the present study, we intended to investigate the effects of A. reticulata leaf ethanol extract on various components of the immune system. Material and methods The effects of A. reticulata leaf extract on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocyte (THP1), and human macrophage (U937) cell lines were investigated. An animal study was conducted to observe the effect of the extract on humoral as well as cell mediated immunity. Results The extract stimulated proliferation of human PBMC, monocytes (THP1), and macrophages (U937) significantly in a dose dependent manner; expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) increased in western blot analysis. Additionally, the extract treated macrophages exhibited features of activation under the microscope with a significant hike in the NO production. Flow cytometry of extract treated human PBMC revealed increased proliferation of lymphocytes (CD4, CD8 & B-cells) along with enhanced intracellular expression of IL-2, IL-6. Animal study data indicate a significant rise in the antibody titer as well as a strong delayed type hypersensitivity response in the extract (150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) treated mice; furthermore, the expression of IL-2 and IL-6 in mice PBMC was augmented. Conclusion The collective data evince the immunomodulatory potential of A. reticulata L. leaf. Annona reticulata L. stimulates proliferation of human PBMC, monocytes, and macrophages significantly. The extract activates cultured macrophages (U937). The extract enhanced lymphocyte proliferation along with expression of interleukins in human PBMC. Extract treated mice revealed a strong DTH response with significant rise in the antibody titer. The expression of IL-2 and IL-6 in mice PBMC was augmented in the treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Mazumdar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit K Ghosh
- Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery, Calcutta National Medical College, 32 Gorachand Road, Beniapukur, Kolkata 700014, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Purohit
- Department of Zoology (Immunology Lab), University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, West Bengal, India
| | - Anjan K Das
- Department of Pathology, Calcutta National Medical College, 32 Gorachand Road, Beniapukur, Kolkata 700014, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Department of Zoology (Immunology Lab), University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, West Bengal, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India.
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Jiatsa Mbouna CD, Tchatat Tali BM, Tsouh Fokou PV, Madiesse Kemgne EA, Keumoe R, Toghueo Kouipou RM, Yamthe Tchokouaha LR, Tchuente Tchuenmogne MA, Kenou DK, Sahal D, Boyom FF. Specific sub fractions from Terminalia mantaly (H. Perrier) extracts potently inhibit Plasmodium falciparum rings, merozoite egress and invasion. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114909. [PMID: 34902534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Terminalia mantaly (H. Perrier) and Terminalia superba (Engl. & Diels) are sources of treatment for various diseases, including malaria and/or related symptoms in parts of Southwestern Cameroon. However, there is limited information on the extent of the antiplasmodial potential of their extracts. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the antiplasmodial potential of chromatographic sub fractions (SFs) from promising fractions of Terminalia mantaly (Tm) [TmsbwChl, the chloroform fraction from water extract of Tm, IC50 (μg/mL) PfINDO: 0.56, Pf3D7: 1.12; SI > 357 (HEK/PfINDO) & 178 (HEK/Pf3D7)] and Terminalia superba (Ts) [TsrmEA, the ethyl acetate fraction from methanolic extract of Ts, IC50 (μg/mL) PfINDO: 1.82, Pf3D7: 1.65; SI > 109 (HEK/PfINDO) & 121 (HEK/Pf3D7)] obtained from previous studies. The SFs were tested against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (Pf3D7-chloroquine sensitive) and INDO (PfINDO-chloroquine resistant) strains in culture. Also, the phytochemical profile of potent SFs was determined and finally, the inhibition of the asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum by the SFs with the highest promise was assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Selected SFs were submitted to a second bio-guided fractionation using silica gel column chromatography. The partial phytochemical composition of potent antiplasmodial SFs was determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The SYBR Green I-based fluorescence microtiter plate assay was used to monitor the growth of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in culture in the presence or absence of extracts. Microscopy and flow cytometry counting was used to assess the Plasmodium falciparum stage-specific inhibition and post-drug exposure growth suppression by highly potent extracts. RESULTS Twenty-one of the 39 SFs afforded from TmsbwChl showed activity (IC50: 0.29-4.74 μg/mL) against both Pf3D7 and PfINDO strains. Of note, eight SFs namely, Tm25, Tm28-30, Tm34-36 and Tm38, exerted highly potent antiplasmodial activity (IC50 < 1 μg/mL) with IC50PfINDO: 0.41-0.84 μg/mL and IC50Pf3D7: 0.29-0.68 μg/mL. They also displayed very high selectivity (50 < SIPfINDO, SIPf3D7 > 344) on the two Plasmodial strains. On the other hand, 7 SFs (SFs Ts03, Ts04, Ts06, Ts09, Ts10, Ts12 and Ts13) from TsrmEA showed promising inhibitory potential against both parasite strains (IC50: 2.01-5.14 μg/mL). Sub fraction Tm36 (IC50PfINDO: 0.41 μg/mL, SIPfINDO > 243; IC50Pf3D7: 0.29 μg/mL, SIPf3D7 > 344) showed the highest promise. The GC-MS analysis of the 8 selected SFs led to the identification of 99 phytometabolites, with D-limonene (2), benzaldehyde (12), carvone (13), caryophyllene (35), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (74) and 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (82) being the main constituents. Sub fractions Tm28, Tm29, Tm30, Tm36 and Tm38 inhibited all the three intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, with strong potency against ring stage development, merozoite egress and invasion processes. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified highly potent antiplasmodial SFs from Terminalia mantaly with significant activity on the intraerythrocytic development of Plasmodium falciparum. These SFs qualify as promising sources of novel antiplasmodial lead compounds. Further purification and characterization studies are expected to unravel molecular targets in rings and merozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Derick Jiatsa Mbouna
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Study, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Brice Mariscal Tchatat Tali
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Study, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Study, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bamenda, PO Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Eugenie Aimee Madiesse Kemgne
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Study, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rodrigue Keumoe
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Study, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rufin Marie Toghueo Kouipou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Study, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lauve Rachel Yamthe Tchokouaha
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Study, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marthe Aimée Tchuente Tchuenmogne
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic Chemistry,Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Donald Kagho Kenou
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic Chemistry,Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi -110067, India.
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Study, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Mutakin M, Fauziati R, Fadhilah FN, Zuhrotun A, Amalia R, Hadisaputri YE. Pharmacological Activities of Soursop ( Annona muricata Lin.). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041201. [PMID: 35208993 PMCID: PMC8878098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soursop (Annona muricata Lin.) is a plant belonging to the Annonaceae family that has been widely used globally as a traditional medicine for many diseases. In this review, we discuss the traditional use, chemical content, and pharmacological activities of A.muricata. From 49 research articles that were obtained from 1981 to 2021, A.muricata’s activities were shown to include anticancer (25%), antiulcer (17%), antidiabetic (14%), antiprotozoal (10%), antidiarrhea (8%), antibacterial (8%), antiviral (8%), antihypertensive (6%), and wound healing (4%). Several biological activities and the general mechanisms underlying the effects of A.muricata have been tested both in vitro and in vivo. A.muricata contains chemicals such as acetogenins (annomuricins and annonacin), alkaloids (coreximine and reticuline), flavonoids (quercetin), and vitamins, which are predicted to be responsible for the biological activity of A.muricata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutakin Mutakin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (Y.E.H.); Tel.: +62-22-84288888 (M.M. & Y.E.H.)
| | - Rizky Fauziati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.N.F.); (A.Z.)
| | - Fahrina Nur Fadhilah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.N.F.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ade Zuhrotun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.N.F.); (A.Z.)
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Yuni Elsa Hadisaputri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.N.F.); (A.Z.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (Y.E.H.); Tel.: +62-22-84288888 (M.M. & Y.E.H.)
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Evaluation of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaves activity against experimental trichinellosis: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Helminthol 2021; 95:e53. [PMID: 34515021 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our work aimed to evaluate the possible effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaf extract on Trichinella spiralis in in vitro and in vivo studies. Trichinella spiralis worms were isolated from infected mice and transferred to three culture media - group I (with no drugs), group II (contained Graviola) and group III (contained albendazole) - then they were examined using the electron microscope. In the in vivo study, mice were divided into five groups: GI (infected untreated), GII (prophylactically treated with Graviola for seven days before infection), GIII (infected and treated with Graviola), GIV (infected and treated with albendazole) and GV (infected and treated with a combination of Graviola plus albendazole in half doses). Drug effects were assessed by adults and larvae load beside the histopathological small intestinal and muscular changes. A significant reduction of adult and larval counts occurred in treated groups in comparison to the control group. Histopathologically, marked improvement in the small intestinal and muscular changes was observed in treated groups. Also, massive destruction of the cultured adults' cuticle was detected in both drugs. This study revealed that Graviola leaves have potential activity against trichinellosis, especially in combination with albendazole, and could serve as an adjuvant to anti-trichinellosis drug therapy.
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Manoj Kumar S, Azamthulla M, Saravanan KS. Pharmacognostical evaluation and anti-convulsant property of Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae) root. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The present investigation was aimed at establishing the pharmacognostical parameters and preliminary phytochemical screening of Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae) root. Pharmacognostical studies and phytochemical evaluation of A. reticulata root were carried out by following standard procedures to provide information that help to identify the species. The species of Annonaceae family are documented to possess anticonvulsant property, while A. reticulata and its root are reported to be used as a folklore medicine to treat epilepsy. In this study, anti-convulsant activity of the root extract was further investigated in mouse model with seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 60 mg/kg, i.p.). Diazepam (5 mg/kg) was used as a standard anti-convulsant drug. Prior to induction of seizures, ethanol extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.,) and 0.1% sodium CMC were administered. Later, the onset, duration of convulsions along with recovery was recorded.
Results
A. reticulata can be recognized by its crown shape, leaves with lengthy petioles, fleshy petals and heart-shaped fruits. Roots are cylindrical with rootlets and have aromatic odour. Presence of oil globules and rhomboidal calcium oxalate crystals in cortex, sclerenchyma cells in cortex and secondary phloem, starch grains in cortex, secondary phloem and secondary xylem, and uni- to tri-seriate medullary rays are the key diagnostic characters of root. Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, proteins, fixed oil and fats. The total alkaloid content in the root was 0.524% w/w, while total flavonoid and total phenolic content in ethanol extract were 16.65 mg QE/g and 59.54 mg GAE/g, respectively. Based on the values obtained from anti-convulsant activity, it is evident that the ethanol extract offered significant protection against PTZ-induced convulsion in mice.
Conclusion
The current pharmacognostical study aids not only in identification of crude drug material but also in establishing the standardization parameters. Further, the findings of this study indicated that the ethanolic extract of Annona reticulata Linn root displayed significant anti-convulsant property and this property could be attributed to imperative bioactives like flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, in addition to other secondary metabolites.
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Tajbakhsh E, Kwenti TE, Kheyri P, Nezaratizade S, Lindsay DS, Khamesipour F. Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature. Malar J 2021; 20:349. [PMID: 34433465 PMCID: PMC8390284 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria still constitutes a major public health menace, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Close to half a million people mainly children in Africa, die every year from the disease. With the rising resistance to frontline drugs (artemisinin-based combinations), there is a need to accelerate the discovery and development of newer anti-malarial drugs. A systematic review was conducted to identify the African medicinal plants with significant antiplasmodial and/or anti-malarial activity, toxicity, as wells as assessing the variation in their activity between study designs (in vitro and in vivo). METHODS Key health-related databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Science Direct were searched for relevant literature on the antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activities of African medicinal plants. RESULTS In total, 200 research articles were identified, a majority of which were studies conducted in Nigeria. The selected research articles constituted 722 independent experiments evaluating 502 plant species. Of the 722 studies, 81.9%, 12.4%, and 5.5% were in vitro, in vivo, and combined in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The most frequently investigated plant species were Azadirachta indica, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Picrilima nitida, and Nauclea latifolia meanwhile Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Annonaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, and Lamiaceae were the most frequently investigated plant families. Overall, 248 (34.3%), 241 (33.4%), and 233 (32.3%) of the studies reported very good, good, and moderate activity, respectively. Alchornea cordifolia, Flueggea virosa, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, and Maytenus senegalensis gave consistently very good activity across the different studies. In all, only 31 (4.3%) of studies involved pure compounds and these had significantly (p = 0.044) higher antiplasmodial activity relative to crude extracts. Out of the 198 plant species tested for toxicity, 52 (26.3%) demonstrated some degree of toxicity, with toxicity most frequently reported with Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina. These species were equally the most frequently inactive plants reported. The leaves were the most frequently reported toxic part of plants used. Furthermore, toxicity was observed to decrease with increasing antiplasmodial activity. CONCLUSIONS Although there are many indigenous plants with considerable antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activity, the progress in the development of new anti-malarial drugs from African medicinal plants is still slothful, with only one clinical trial with Cochlospermum planchonii (Bixaceae) conducted to date. There is, therefore, the need to scale up anti-malarial drug discovery in the African region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Regional Hospital Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Parya Kheyri
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Nezaratizade
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - David S Lindsay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1410 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0342, USA
| | - Faham Khamesipour
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Balderrama-Carmona AP, Silva-Beltrán NP, Gálvez-Ruiz JC, Ruíz-Cruz S, Chaidez-Quiroz C, Morán-Palacio EF. Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Antihemolytic Effect of Annona muricata L. Leaves Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9121650. [PMID: 33256023 PMCID: PMC7760998 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Annona muricata L. is a tropical tree that is used in traditional medicine around the world. The high content of flavonoid, alkaloid, acetogenin, phenolic and lipophilic compounds of this tropical tree forms the basis of its traditional medical uses. Our objective was to study soursop leaf extracts to support their use as antiviral therapies and investigate their protective effects against oxidative damage. The aqueous extract (AE) and acidified ethanolic extract (AEE) of soursop leaves were characterized by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and their effects on human erythrocytes and in vitro antioxidant capacity, as evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays, were investigated. The antiviral effects were evaluated using a bacteriophage surrogate. AEE showed the highest phenolic content, with rutin as the predominant compound. This extract showed higher values in the DPPH and ABTS assays, with 23.61 ± 0.42 and 24.91 ± 0.16 mmol of Trolox equivalent per gram, respectively. Inhibition of hemolysis was 34% and 51% for AE and AEE, respectively. AEE was selected for the antiviral study because of its higher antioxidant activity. The viral reduction ranged from 5-6 log10 plaque-forming units/volume (PFU) at contact times of 15-360 min. Soursop leaves have a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress in human erythrocytes and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paola Balderrama-Carmona
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Navojoa, Sonora 85880, Mexico; (A.P.B.-C.); (E.F.M.-P.)
| | - Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Cajeme, Universidad de Sonora, Ejido Providencia, Cd, Obregón, Sonora 85050, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-644-410-5270
| | - Juan-Carlos Gálvez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Ruíz-Cruz
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Cajeme, Sonora 85000, Mexico;
| | - Cristóbal Chaidez-Quiroz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria, Culiacán, Sinaloa 80110, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Felipe Morán-Palacio
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Navojoa, Sonora 85880, Mexico; (A.P.B.-C.); (E.F.M.-P.)
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Leite DOD, de F. A. Nonato C, Camilo CJ, de Carvalho NKG, da Nobrega MGLA, Pereira RC, da Costa JGM. Annona Genus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4056-4091. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200325094422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Species from the Annona (Anonaceae) genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various
diseases. Ethnobotanical studies provide information regarding the plant part and the preparation method
being used, while scientific studies such as in vitro, in vivo, and clinical tests can provide evidence supporting
ethnopharmacological reports, directing studies towards the isolation of compounds which may be active for
specific pathologies. Annona muricata and Annona squamosa were the most commonly reported species from
those studied, with Annona cherimola and Annona classiflora also standing out. Acetogenins were the most
commonly isolated metabolite class due to their cytotoxic properties, with flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and
peptides also being reported. Many species from the Annona genus have proven biological activities, such as
antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal. The present review had as its objective to facilitate access to
ethnobotanical, chemical and biological information in order to direct future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora O. D. Leite
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - Carla de F. A. Nonato
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - Cicera J. Camilo
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - Natália K. G. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - Mário G. L. A. da Nobrega
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Pereira
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
| | - José G. M. da Costa
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Laboratorio de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63105-100, Crato, Brazil
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Geck MS, Cristians S, Berger-González M, Casu L, Heinrich M, Leonti M. Traditional Herbal Medicine in Mesoamerica: Toward Its Evidence Base for Improving Universal Health Coverage. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1160. [PMID: 32848768 PMCID: PMC7411306 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of health care in Mesoamerica is influenced by its rich cultural diversity and characterized by social inequalities. Especially indigenous and rural communities confront diverse barriers to accessing formal health services, leading to often conflicting plurimedical systems. Fostering integrative medicine is a fundamental pillar for achieving universal health coverage (UHC) for marginalized populations. Recent developments toward health sovereignty in the region are concerned with assessing the role of traditional medicines, and particularly herbal medicines, to foster accessible and culturally pertinent healthcare provision models. In Mesoamerica, as in most regions of the world, a wealth of information on traditional and complementary medicine has been recorded. Yet these data are often scattered, making it difficult for policy makers to regulate and integrate traditionally used botanical products into primary health care. This critical review is based on a quantitative analysis of 28 survey papers focusing on the traditional use of botanical drugs in Mesoamerica used for the compilation of the "Mesoamerican Medicinal Plant Database" (MAMPDB), which includes a total of 12,537 use-records for 2188 plant taxa. Our approach presents a fundamental step toward UHC by presenting a pharmacological and toxicological review of the cross-culturally salient plant taxa and associated botanical drugs used in traditional medicine in Mesoamerica. Especially for native herbal drugs, data about safety and effectiveness are limited. Commonly used cross-culturally salient botanical drugs, which are considered safe but for which data on effectiveness is lacking constitute ideal candidates for treatment outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S. Geck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Biovision – Foundation for Ecological Development, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sol Cristians
- Botanical Garden, Institute of Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Berger-González
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Heath, Swiss TPH, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Casu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Terminalia mantaly Stem Bark Aqueous Extract in Mice Infected by Plasmodium berghei. J Parasitol Res 2020; 2020:4580526. [PMID: 32685201 PMCID: PMC7341435 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4580526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Terminalia mantaly is used in Cameroon traditional medicine to treat malaria and related symptoms. However, its antiplasmodial efficacy is still to be established. Objectives The present study is aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and the oral acute toxicity of the Terminalia mantaly extracts. Materials and Methods Extracts were prepared from leaves and stem bark of T. mantaly, by maceration in distilled water, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane. All extracts were initially screened in vitro against the chloroquine-resistant strain W2 of P. falciparum to confirm its in vitro activity, and the most potent one was assessed in malaria mouse model at three concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bw). Biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were also determined. Results Overall, 7 extracts showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 ranging from 0.809 μg/mL to 5.886 μg/mL. The aqueous extract from the stem bark of T. mantaly (Tmsbw) was the most potent (IC50 = 0.809 μg/mL) and was further assessed for acute toxicity and efficacy in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Tmsbw was safe in mice with a median lethal dose (LD50) higher than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. It also exerted a good antimalarial efficacy in vivo with ED50 of 69.50 mg/kg and had no significant effect on biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. Conclusion The results suggest that the stem bark extract of T. mantaly possesses antimalarial activity.
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Cock IE, Selesho MI, van Vuuren SF. A review of the traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112176. [PMID: 31446074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMALOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria is one of the most prevalent and deadly parasitic diseases globally, with over 200 million new cases and nearly 500,000 deaths reported annually. It is estimated that approximately half of the world's population lives in malaria endemic areas. Malaria is substantially less prevalent in South Africa than in other African regions and the disease is limited to some regions of the Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. However, it still has a significant impact on the health of the populations living in those regions. Traditional medicines have long been used in South Africa by multiple ethic groups and many people continue to rely on these natural therapies for their healthcare. The usage of South African medicinal plants in several traditional healing systems to treat malaria have been documented (particularly for Zulu and Venda traditional medicine), although ethnobotanical investigations of other ethnic groups living in endemic malaria areas remains relatively neglected. AIM OF THE STUDY To document the use of South African medicinal plants known to be used traditionally to treat Plasmodium spp. infections. We also critically reviewed the literature on the therapeutic properties of these and other South African plants screened against Plasmodium spp. parasites with the aim of highlighting neglected studies and fostering future research in this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS Books and ethnobotanical reviews were examined for medicinal plants used specifically for fever. Exclusion criteria were studies not involving southern African medicinal plants. Furthermore, while fever is a common symptom of malaria, if not accompanied by the term "malaria" it was not considered. Databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to source research relevant to southern African plants and malaria. Exclusion criteria were those publications where full articles could not be accessed. RESULTS Eighty South African plant species were identified as traditional therapies for malaria. The majority of these species were documented in Zulu ethnobotanical records, despite malaria occurring in only a relatively small portion of the Zulu's traditional territory. Surprisingly, far fewer species were reported to be used by Venda, Ndebele, northern Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana, and Pedi people, despite them living in endemic malaria areas. Interestingly many of the identified species have not been investigated further. This review summarises the available ethnobotanical and laboratory research in this field, with the aim of promoting and focusing research on priority areas. CONCLUSION Although malaria remains a serious disease affecting millions of people, medicinal plants while used extensively, have not been given the attention warranted for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - M I Selesho
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | - S F van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa.
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Nugraha AS, Damayanti YD, Wangchuk P, Keller PA. Anti-Infective and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Annona Species: Their Ethnomedicinal Uses, Alkaloid Diversity, and Pharmacological Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234419. [PMID: 31816948 PMCID: PMC6930583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Annona species have been a valuable source of anti-infective and anticancer agents. However, only limited evaluations of their alkaloids have been carried out. This review collates and evaluates the biological data from extracts and purified isolates for their anti-infective and anti-cancer activities. An isoquinoline backbone is a major structural alkaloid moiety of the Annona genus, and more than 83 alkaloids have been isolated from this genus alone. Crude extracts of Annona genus are reported with moderate activities against Plasmodium falciparum showing larvicidal activities. However, no pure compounds from the Annona genus were tested against the parasite. The methanol extract of Annona muricata showed apparent antimicrobial activities. The isolated alkaloids from this genus including liriodenine, anonaine, asimilobine showed sensitivity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Other alkaloids such as (+)-Xylopine and isocoreximine indicated significant anti-cancer activity against A549 and K-562 cell lines, respectively. This review revealed that the alkaloids from Annona genus are rich in structural diversity and pharmacological activities. Further exploration of this genus and their alkaloids has potential for developing novel anti-infective and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Satia Nugraha
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia;
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2533, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.N.); (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-331-324-736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.)
| | - Yuvita Dian Damayanti
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia;
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2533, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.N.); (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-331-324-736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.)
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Toghueo RMK, Kemgne EAM, Eke P, Kanko MIM, Dize D, Sahal D, Boyom FF. Antiplasmodial potential and GC-MS fingerprint of endophytic fungal extracts derived from Cameroonian Annona muricata. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:111-121. [PMID: 30738118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Annona muricata (Annonaceae) is a commonly used medicinal plants in Cameroonian traditional medicines to treat various diseases including malaria. Previous studies have shown that extracts from this plant have antiplasmodial activity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the endophyic fungi associated with some parts of this plant for their ability to produce antiplasmodial metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty-two endophytic fungi isolated from twelve different organs of A. muricata were cultured and the ethyl acetate extracts of conditioned media screened for antiplasmodial activity using the 96-well microtiter plate format SYBR green florescence assay against Chloroquine-sensitive Pf3D7 and Chloroquine-resistant PfINDO/PfDd2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. RESULTS Twenty-seven (17.76%) of fungi tested were found to completely inhibit the growth of Plasmodium parasites at 10 µg/mL. The 5.8S rDNA sequencing data revealed the strongly active (IC50 < 2 µg/mL against at least 2 P. falciparum strains) isolates to be Trichoderma afroharzianum AMrb7, Penicillium citrinum AMrb11, Neocosmospora rubicola AMb22, Penicillium tropicum AMb3, Penicillium citrinum AMrb23, Aspergillus versicolor AMb7, and Fusarium sp AMst1. Of these, the extracts from Penicillium citrinum AMrb11 (IC50 0.84-0.93 μg/mL) and Neocosmospora rubicola AMb22 (IC50 0.39-1.92 μg/mL) showed the highest promise against all three plasmodial strains with selectivity indices ranging from 34.71 to 180.97. Dynamic head space GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extracts of promising fungi revealed broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds such as Penicidin, Aromadendrene, Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, 2-Coumaranone and 2-Methyl resorcinol. CONCLUSION These results have opened new avenues for discovery of novel antimalarial lead compounds from endophytic fungi associated with Annona muricata - a medicinally important plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box: 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eugénie Aimée Madiesse Kemgne
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box: 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Eke
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box: 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michelle Ines Mbekou Kanko
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box: 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Darline Dize
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box: 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box: 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Rady I, Bloch MB, Chamcheu RCN, Banang Mbeumi S, Anwar MR, Mohamed H, Babatunde AS, Kuiate JR, Noubissi FK, El Sayed KA, Whitfield GK, Chamcheu JC. Anticancer Properties of Graviola ( Annona muricata): A Comprehensive Mechanistic Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1826170. [PMID: 30151067 PMCID: PMC6091294 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1826170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Graviola (Annona muricata) is a small deciduous tropical evergreen fruit tree, belonging to the Annonaceae family, and is widely grown and distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The aerial parts of graviola have several functions: the fruits have been widely used as food confectionaries, while several preparations, especially decoctions of the bark, fruits, leaves, pericarp, seeds, and roots, have been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat multiple ailments including cancers by local communities in tropical Africa and South America. The reported therapeutic benefits of graviola against various human tumors and disease agents in in vitro culture and preclinical animal model systems are typically tested for their ability to specifically target the disease, while exerting little or no effect on normal cell viability. Over 212 phytochemical ingredients have been reported in graviola extracts prepared from different plant parts. The specific bioactive constituents responsible for the major anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and other health benefits of graviola include different classes of annonaceous acetogenins (metabolites and products of the polyketide pathway), alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, and others. This review summarizes the current understanding of the anticancer effects of A. muricata and its constituents on diverse cancer types and disease states, as well as efficacy and safety concerns. It also includes discussion of our current understanding of possible mechanisms of action, with the hope of further stimulating the development of improved and affordable therapies for a variety of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Rady
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Melissa B. Bloch
- School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Roxane-Cherille N. Chamcheu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Madison West High School, 30 Ash St, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Sergette Banang Mbeumi
- Division for Research and Innovation, POHOFI Inc., P.O. Box 44067, Madison, WI 53744, USA
| | - Md Rafi Anwar
- School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Hadir Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Jules-Roger Kuiate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Section for Research and Innovation, POHOFCAM, P.O. Box 175, Kumba, Cameroon
| | - Felicite K. Noubissi
- Division for Research and Innovation, POHOFI Inc., P.O. Box 44067, Madison, WI 53744, USA
- Department of Biology/RCMI, Jackson State University, 1400 J R Lynch, 429 JAP, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Khalid A. El Sayed
- School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - G. Kerr Whitfield
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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Annona muricata: A comprehensive review on its traditional medicinal uses, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and toxicity. ARAB J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Gavamukulya Y, Wamunyokoli F, El-Shemy HA. Annona muricata : Is the natural therapy to most disease conditions including cancer growing in our backyard? A systematic review of its research history and future prospects. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:835-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kopa TK, Tane P, Wabo HK, Tala MF, Tchinda AT, Zofou D, Ning-Hua T. Activité antiplasmodiale in vitro des composés isolés des écorces du tronc de Vitex thyrsiflora. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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