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Zhang J, Jing Q, Wade T, Xu Z, Ives L, Zhang D, Baumberg JJ, Kar-Narayan S. Controllable Multimodal Actuation in Fully Printed Ultrathin Micro-Patterned Electrochemical Actuators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6485-6494. [PMID: 38266382 PMCID: PMC10859886 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Submillimeter or micrometer scale electrically controlled soft actuators have immense potential in microrobotics, haptics, and biomedical applications. However, the fabrication of miniaturized and micropatterned open-air soft actuators has remained challenging. In this study, we demonstrate the microfabrication of trilayer electrochemical actuators (ECAs) through aerosol jet printing (AJP), a rapid prototyping method with a 10 μm lateral resolution. We make fully printed 1000 × 5000 × 12 μm3 ultrathin ECAs, each of which comprises a Nafion electrolyte layer sandwiched between two poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrode layers. The ECAs actuate due to the electric-field-driven migration of hydrated protons. Due to the thinness that gives rise to a low proton transport length and a low flexural rigidity, the printed ECAs can operate under low voltages (∼0.5 V) and have a relatively fast response (∼seconds). We print all the components of an actuator that consists of two individually controlled submillimeter segments and demonstrate its multimodal actuation. The convenience, versatility, rapidity, and low cost of our microfabrication strategy promise future developments in integrating arrays of intricately patterned individually controlled soft microactuators on compact stretchable electronic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Qingshen Jing
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
- James
Watt School of Engineering, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K.
| | - Tom Wade
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Zhencheng Xu
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Liam Ives
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Diandian Zhang
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Sohini Kar-Narayan
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
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2
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Modau L, Sigwadi R, Mokrani T, Nemavhola F. Chitosan Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:838. [PMID: 37888010 PMCID: PMC10608347 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the steps involved in fabricating silica/chitosan composite membranes and their suitability for fuel cell applications. It also intends to identify the physical characteristics of chitosan composite membranes, including their degree of water absorption, proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and functional groups. In this investigation, composite membranes were fabricated using the solution casting method with a chitosan content of 5 g and silica dosage variations of 2% and 4% while stirring at a constant speed for 2 h. According to the findings, the analysis of composite membranes produced chitosan membranes that were successfully modified with silica. The optimum membrane was found to be 4% s-SiO2 from the Sol-gel method with the composite membrane's optimal condition of 0.234 cm/s proton conductivity, water uptake of 56.21%, and reduced methanol permeability of 0.99 × 10-7 cm2/s in the first 30 min and 3.31 × 10-7 in the last 150 min. Maintaining lower water uptake capacity at higher silica content is still a challenge that needs to be addressed. In conclusion, the fabricated membranes showed exceptional results in terms of proton conductivity and methanol permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livhuwani Modau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (L.M.); (R.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Rudzani Sigwadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (L.M.); (R.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Touhami Mokrani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (L.M.); (R.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Fulufhelo Nemavhola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
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3
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Musa MT, Shaari N, Raduwan NF, Kamarudin SK, Wong WY. Alginate/PVA Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Modified by Hydrophilic Montmorillonite for Structure and Selectivity Enhancement for DMFC Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2590. [PMID: 37376236 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nafion is a commercial membrane that is widely used in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) but has critical constraints such as being expensive and having high methanol crossover. Efforts to find alternative membranes are actively being carried out, including in this study, which looks at producing a Sodium Alginate/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) (SA/PVA) blended membrane with modification by montmorillonite (MMT) as an inorganic filler. The content of MMT in SA/PVA-based membranes varied in the range of 2.0-20 wt% according to the solvent casting method implemented. The presence of MMT was seen to be most optimal at a content of 10 wt%, achieving the highest proton conductivity and the lowest methanol uptake of 9.38 mScm-1 and 89.28% at ambient temperature, respectively. The good thermal stability, optimum water absorption, and low methanol uptake of the SA/PVA-MMT membrane were achieved with the presence of MMT due to the strong electrostatic attraction between H+, H3O+, and -OH ions of the sodium alginate and PVA polymer matrices. The homogeneous dispersion of MMT at 10 wt% and the hydrophilic properties possessed by MMT contribute to an efficient proton transport channel in SA/PVA-MMT membranes. The increase in MMT content makes the membrane more hydrophilic. This shows that the loading of 10 wt% MMT is very helpful from the point of view of sufficient water intake to activate proton transfer. Thus, the membrane produced in this study has great potential as an alternative membrane with a much cheaper cost and competent future performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taufiq Musa
- Institute of Fuel Cell, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Norazuwana Shaari
- Institute of Fuel Cell, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fatina Raduwan
- Institute of Fuel Cell, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Siti Kartom Kamarudin
- Institute of Fuel Cell, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yin Wong
- Institute of Fuel Cell, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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4
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Murmu R, Roy D, Sutar H, Senapati P, Patra SC. Development of the highly performed chitosan based thin film towards the sustainability of direct methanol fuel cell. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2133616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabiranjan Murmu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology Sarang, Odisha, India
| | - Debashis Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Harekrushna Sutar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology Sarang, Odisha, India
| | - Pragyan Senapati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University) Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sarat Chandra Patra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology Sarang, Odisha, India
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Dielectric properties OF 40SiO2–40P2O5–20ZrO2 /sulfonated styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene hybrid membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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6
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Synthesis and property comparison of mono-, di-, and trisulfonated poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide)s with fluorenyl moieties as proton exchange membranes. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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7
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Moehring NK, Chaturvedi P, Cheng P, Ko W, Li AP, Boutilier MSH, Kidambi PR. Kinetic Control of Angstrom-Scale Porosity in 2D Lattices for Direct Scalable Synthesis of Atomically Thin Proton Exchange Membranes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16003-16018. [PMID: 36201748 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Angstrom-scale pores introduced into atomically thin 2D materials offer transformative advances for proton exchange membranes in several energy applications. Here, we show that facile kinetic control of scalable chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can allow for direct formation of angstrom-scale proton-selective pores in monolayer graphene with significant hindrance to even small, hydrated ions (K+ diameter ∼6.6 Å) and gas molecules (H2 kinetic diameter ∼2.9 Å). We demonstrate centimeter-scale Nafion|Graphene|Nafion membranes with proton conductance ∼3.3-3.8 S cm-2 (graphene ∼12.7-24.6 S cm-2) and H+/K+ selectivity ∼6.2-44.2 with liquid electrolytes. The same membranes show proton conductance ∼4.6-4.8 S cm-2 (graphene ∼39.9-57.5 S cm-2) and extremely low H2 crossover ∼1.7 × 10-1 - 2.2 × 10-1 mA cm-2 (∼0.4 V, ∼25 °C) with H2 gas feed. We rationalize our findings via a resistance-based transport model and introduce a stacking approach that leverages combinatorial effects of interdefect distance and interlayer transport to allow for Nafion|Graphene|Graphene|Nafion membranes with H+/K+ selectivity ∼86.1 (at 1 M) and record low H2 crossover current density ∼2.5 × 10-2 mA cm-2, up to ∼90% lower than state-of-the-art ionomer Nafion membranes ∼2.7 × 10-1 mA cm-2 under identical conditions, while still maintaining proton conductance ∼4.2 S cm-2 (graphene stack ∼20.8 S cm-2) comparable to that for Nafion of ∼5.2 S cm-2. Our experimental insights enable functional atomically thin high flux proton exchange membranes with minimal crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Moehring
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37235, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
| | - Pavan Chaturvedi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
| | - Peifu Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
| | - Wonhee Ko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, United States
| | - An-Ping Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37831, United States
| | - Michael S H Boutilier
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, OntarioN6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Piran R Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee37212, United States
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8
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Kedang YI, Priyangga A, Atmaja L, Santoso M. Characteristics and performance studies of a composite polymer electrolyte membrane based on chitosan/glycerol-sulfosuccinic acid modified montmorillonite clay. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30742-30753. [PMID: 36349150 PMCID: PMC9606734 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04560e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, chitosan (CS) doped sulphosuccinic acid (SSA)-glycerol (Gly) and modified montmorillonite clay (MMT) were successfully fabricated. The membranes were prepared using the solution casting method. Analysis of morphology and topography using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the composite membrane with 3 wt% MMT filler, namely CS/MMT-1, possessed the most adequate surface roughness compared to the other fabricated membranes. Furthermore, mechanical characterization of the CS/MMT-1 composite membrane showed that the membrane achieved satisfactory mechanical strength with a value of 39.23 MPa. Proton conductivity of the composite membranes increased as the temperature was increased. The proton conductivity of the CS/MMT-1 composite membrane increased from 1.75 × 10-2 S cm-1 at 25 °C up to 3.57 × 10-2 S cm-1 at 80 °C. The CS/MMT-1 composite membrane also exhibited a methanol permeability value that was significantly lower than that of pristine CS, namely 1.22 × 10-7 cm2 s-1 and 12.49 × 10-7 cm2 s-1, respectively. The results of this study show that the fabricated composite membrane can be used as an alternative polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for DMFC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana Ivana Kedang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Timor Kefamenanu 85613 Indonesia
| | - Arif Priyangga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
| | - Lukman Atmaja
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
| | - Mardi Santoso
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya 60111 Indonesia
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9
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Nanohybrid graphene oxide membranes functionalized using 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Jamil A, Rafiq S, Iqbal T, Khan HAA, Khan HM, Azeem B, Mustafa MZ, Hanbazazah AS. Current status and future perspectives of proton exchange membranes for hydrogen fuel cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135204. [PMID: 35660058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The world is on the lookout for sustainable and environmentally benign energy generating systems. Fuel cells (FCs) are regarded as environmentally friendly technology since they address a variety of environmental issues, such as hazardous levels of local pollutants, while also delivering economic advantages owing to their high efficiency. A fuel cell is a device that changes chemical energy contained in fuels (such as hydrogen and methanol) into electrical energy. A wide variety of FCs are commercially available; however, proton exchange membranes for hydrogen fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received overwhelming attention owing to their potential to significantly reduce our energy consumption, pollution emissions, and reliance on fossil fuels. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) is a critical element; it is made of semipermeable polymer and serves as a barrier between the cathode and anode during fuel cell construction. Additionally, membranes function as an insulator between the cathode and anode, facilitating proton exchange and inhibiting electron exchange between the electrodes. Due to the excellent features such as durability and proton conductivity, Nafion membranes are commercially viable and have been in use for a long time. However, Nafion membranes are costly, and their proton exchange capacities degrade over time at higher temperatures and low relative humidity. Other types of membranes have been considered in addition to Nafion membranes. This article discusses the problems connected with several types of PEMs, as well as the strategies adopted to improve their characteristics and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Jamil
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan.
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Iqbal
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Aroosa Aslam Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Haris Mahmood Khan
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan
| | - Babar Azeem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - M Z Mustafa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Abdulkader S Hanbazazah
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Lv S, Ni H, Deng Y, Yuan Y. Effect of Different Hot-Pressing Pressure and Temperature on the Performance of Titanium Mesh-Based MEA for DMFC. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040431. [PMID: 35448401 PMCID: PMC9029175 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The hot-pressing process of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is one of the research hotspots in the field of the fuel cell. To obtain suitable titanium mesh-based MEA hot pressing process parameters, titanium mesh was used as electrode substrate material. The anode and cathode of MEA were prepared by the drip-coated method, and the titanium mesh-based MEA was prepared under different hot-pressing pressure and temperature, respectively. The performance of titanium mesh-based MEA was studied by morphological observation, elemental analysis, thickness measurement, single cell test and numerical fitting analysis. The results demonstrated that: with increasing hot-pressing pressure from 0 MPa to 10 MPa, the forming thickness of titanium mesh-based MEA is getting thin gradually, and the peak power density of titanium mesh-based MEA first increased and then gradually decreased; with increasing hot-pressing temperature from 115 °C to 155 °C, the peak power density of titanium mesh-based MEA enhanced at the beginning and then also gradually decreased. Under the premise of a hot-pressing time of 180 s and the optimal operating temperature of DMFC of 60 °C, the appropriate hot-pressing process conditions of titanium mesh-based MEA are a hot-pressing pressure of 5 MPa and a hot-pressing temperature of 135 °C. The results can provide a technological reference for the preparation of titanium mesh MEA for DMFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, China;
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shuaishuai Lv
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Hongjun Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yelin Deng
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yinnan Yuan
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, China;
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Pi HJ, Liu XX, Liao JY, Zhou YY, Meng C. Lightweight Polyethylene/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Hybrid Thermal Conductor Fabricated by Melt Compounding Plus Salt Leaching. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:852. [PMID: 35267675 PMCID: PMC8912592 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of porous polymeric materials is severely limited by their ultralow thermal conductivities. Herein, by promoting the formation of thermal conduction pathways, we fabricated open-cellular structured polyethylene/hexagonal boron nitride hybrid thermal conductors via melt compounding plus salt leaching. The structural analyses indicate that the inclusion of hBN can enhance the open-cell level of resultant materials. X-ray diffractions confirm the high in-plane alignments of hBN in each sample. Consequently, the test results evidence the superior thermal conductivities of our samples, and the thermal conductivities of each sample are characterized as functions of hBN loadings. Ultimately, our advanced porous thermal conductor with a low hBN loading of 3.1 vol% exhibits a high specific thermal conductivity of 0.75 (W/mk)/(g/cm3), which is 82.9% higher than virgin PE and far higher than bulk PE/hBN composites. Our work also intends to reveal the architectural advantages of open-cellular, as compared with the close-one, in fabricating porous materials with highly interconnected fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Jie Pi
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (H.-J.P.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (C.M.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Water Safety Discharge in Urban and Its Resource Utilization, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- School of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Guangdong Mechanical & Electrical Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510550, China
| | - Jian-Yu Liao
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (H.-J.P.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (C.M.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Water Safety Discharge in Urban and Its Resource Utilization, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yue-Yun Zhou
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (H.-J.P.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (C.M.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Water Safety Discharge in Urban and Its Resource Utilization, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Cong Meng
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (H.-J.P.); (Y.-Y.Z.); (C.M.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Water Safety Discharge in Urban and Its Resource Utilization, Hunan University of Technology, 88 Taishan Road, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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13
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Algal-based polysaccharides as polymer electrolytes in modern electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems: A review. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2020.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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14
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Zheng P, Wang R, Li Z, Li Y, Wang D, Li Z, Peng X, Liu C, Jiang L, Liu Q. Enhanced proton transport properties of sulfonated polyarylene ether nitrile (SPEN) with moniliform nanostructure UiO-66-NH2/CNT. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211011636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely investigated for their porosity and functional diversity. Inspired by the flexible designability of MOFs, UiO-66-NH2/CNT with moniliform nanostructure was designed and synthesized successfully. SPEN@UiO-66-NH2/CNT composite proton exchange membranes were prepared by loaded UiO-66-NH2/CNT into sulfonated polyarylene ether nitrile (SPEN). Due to the addition of UiO-66-NH2/CNT, all the properties of composite proton exchange membranes were improved. The composite membranes exhibit excellent thermal stability and dimensional stability. The tensile strength of the composite membranes was improved about twofold compared to that of recast SPEN membrane, which was contributed by the interlaced property and rigid structure of UiO-66-NH2/CNT. Especially, the proton conductivity of the composite membranes was greatly facilitated by the additional proton acceptors and donors provided by the abundant amino groups and carboxyl groups in UiO-66-NH2/CNT. Furthermore, the methanol permeability of SPEN@UiO-66-NH2/CNT reduced consistently (from 6.13 to 0.96 × 10−7 cm2 s−1), which was much lower than that of Nafion membrane (21.36 × 10−7 cm2 s−1). All the results suggest that the design of multifunctional nanofillers based on the skeleton structure of MOFs could provide a new strategy to enhance the performance of PEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglun Zheng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan China
| | - Zekun Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan China
| | - Youren Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan China
- Sichuan University-Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan China
| | - Zhifa Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoliang Peng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan China
| | - Chuanbang Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan China
| | - Lan Jiang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan China
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15
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Turanelloormana P, Sarmah S, Torris A, Bhat SD, Unni SM. Functionalized Single‐Walled Carbon Nanohorns to Reinforce Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Electrolyte for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Turanelloormana
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Madras UnitCSIR Madras Complex, Taramani Chennai 600113 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sudeshna Sarmah
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Madras UnitCSIR Madras Complex, Taramani Chennai 600113 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arun Torris
- Polymer Science and Engineering DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pashan Road Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Santoshkumar D. Bhat
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Madras UnitCSIR Madras Complex, Taramani Chennai 600113 Tamil Nadu India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sreekuttan M. Unni
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Madras UnitCSIR Madras Complex, Taramani Chennai 600113 Tamil Nadu India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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16
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Liu Q, Li Z, Wang D, Li Z, Peng X, Liu C, Zheng P. Metal Organic Frameworks Modified Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells. Front Chem 2020; 8:694. [PMID: 32850683 PMCID: PMC7432281 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received considerable interest due to their low operating temperature and high energy conversion rate. However, their practical implement suffers from significant performance challenge. In particular, proton exchange membrane (PEM) as the core component of PEMFCs, have shown a strong correlation between its properties (e.g., proton conductivity, dimensional stability) and the performance of fuel cells. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as porous inorganic-organic hybrid materials have attracted extensive attention in gas storage, gas separation and reaction catalysis. Recently, the MOFs-modified PEMs have shown outstanding performance, which have great merit in commercial application. This manuscript presents an overview of the recent progress in the modification of PEMs with MOFs, with a special focus on the modification mechanism of MOFs on the properties of composite membranes. The characteristics of different types of MOFs in modified application were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyi Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Zekun Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Zhifa Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Peng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Chuanbang Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Penglun Zheng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
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17
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Artal R, Serrà A, Michler J, Philippe L, Gómez E. Electrodeposition of Mesoporous Ni-Rich Ni-Pt Films for Highly Efficient Methanol Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081435. [PMID: 32717944 PMCID: PMC7466700 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of soft templates for the electrosynthesis of mesoporous materials has shown tremendous potential in energy and environmental domains. Among all the approaches that have been featured in the literature, block copolymer-templated electrodeposition had robustness and a simple method, but it practically cannot be used for the synthesis of mesoporous materials not based on Pt or Au. Nonetheless, extending and understanding the possibilities and limitations of block copolymer-templated electrodeposition to other materials and substrates is still challenging. Herein, a critical analysis of the role of the solution’s primary electroactive components and the applied potential were performed in order to understand their influences on the mesostructure of Ni-rich Ni-Pt mesoporous films. Among all the components, tetrahydrofuran and a platinum (IV) complex were shown to be crucial for the formation of a truly 3D mesoporous network. The electrosynthesized well-ordered mesoporous Ni-rich Ni-Pt deposits exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation in alkaline conditions, improved stability and durability after 1000 cycles, and minimal CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raül Artal
- Thin Films and Nanostructures Electrodeposition Group (GE-CPN), Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.A.); (E.G.)
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland; (J.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Albert Serrà
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland; (J.M.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Johann Michler
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland; (J.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Laëtitia Philippe
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland; (J.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Elvira Gómez
- Thin Films and Nanostructures Electrodeposition Group (GE-CPN), Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.A.); (E.G.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Ionic Transport Properties of P 2O 5-SiO 2 Glassy Protonic Composites Doped with Polymer and Inorganic Titanium-based Fillers. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13133004. [PMID: 32640595 PMCID: PMC7372373 DOI: 10.3390/ma13133004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper is focused on the determination of the physicochemical properties of a composite inorganic–organic modified membrane. The electrical conductivity of a family of glassy protonic electrolytes defined by the general formula (P2O5)x(SiO2)y, where x/y is 3/7 are studied by Alternating Current electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (AC EIS) method. The reference glass was doped with polymeric additives—poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and additionally with a titanium-oxide-based filler. Special attention was paid to determination of the transport properties of the materials thus modified in relation to the charge transfer phenomena occurring within them. The electrical conductivities of the ‘dry’ material ranged from 10−4 to 10−9 S/cm, whereas for ‘wet’ samples the values were ~10−3 S/cm. The additives also modified the pore space of the samples. The pore distribution and specific surface of the modified glassy systems exhibited variation with changes in electrolyte chemical composition. The mechanical properties of the samples were also examined. The Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio were determined by the continuous wave technique (CWT). Based on analysis of the dispersion of the dielectric losses, it was found that the composite samples exhibit mixed-type proton mobility with contributions related to both the bulk of the material and the surface of the pore space.
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