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Calzuola ST, Newman G, Feaugas T, Perrault CM, Blondé JB, Roy E, Porrini C, Stojanovic GM, Vidic J. Membrane-based microfluidic systems for medical and biological applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 38954466 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices with integrated membranes that enable control of mass transport in constrained environments have shown considerable growth over the last decade. Membranes are a key component in several industrial processes such as chemical, pharmaceutical, biotechnological, food, and metallurgy separation processes as well as waste management applications, allowing for modular and compact systems. Moreover, the miniaturization of a process through microfluidic devices leads to process intensification together with reagents, waste and cost reduction, and energy and space savings. The combination of membrane technology and microfluidic devices allows therefore magnification of their respective advantages, providing more valuable solutions not only for industrial processes but also for reproducing biological processes. This review focuses on membrane-based microfluidic devices for biomedical science with an emphasis on microfluidic artificial organs and organs-on-chip. We provide the basic concepts of membrane technology and the laws governing mass transport. The role of the membrane in biomedical microfluidic devices, along with the required properties, available materials, and current challenges are summarized. We believe that the present review may be a starting point and a resource for researchers who aim to replicate a biological phenomenon on-chip by applying membrane technology, for moving forward the biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tea Calzuola
- UMR7646 Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique (LadHyX), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
| | - Gwenyth Newman
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Feaugas
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Goran M Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. D. Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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2
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Yu MH, Pang YH, Yang C, Liao JW, Shen XF. Electrochemical oxidation diminished toxicity of zearalenone significantly, while reduction increased. Food Chem 2023; 429:136768. [PMID: 37453332 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), one of the most common mycotoxins in cereals, poses a severe health risk to humans. In this study, electrochemical oxidation and reduction degraded ZEN in solution completely within 8 min and 20 min. The structure of ZEN products was elucidated by mass spectrometry (MS), and their toxicity was evaluated by ECOSAR software and cytotoxicity assay. From simulation, electrochemical oxidation products had lower acute and chronic toxicity, and the product at 9.0 V is not harmful (LC50/EC50 greater than 100 mg/L, ChV greater than 10 mg/L). CCK-8 assay further confirmed their less cytotoxicity. To our surprise, LC50, EC50, and ChVs of all electrochemical reduction products were lower than 1 mg/L, and cell viabilities were less than ZEN, meaning the higher toxicity of electrochemical reduction products. On this Basis, electrochemical oxidation was applied in ZEN contaminated wheat with a degradation rate of 92.32 ± 2.37%, indicating its potential to degrade ZEN practically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yue-Hong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jun-Wei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Ivanova NA, Ivanov BV, Mensharapov RM, Spasov DD, Sinyakov MV, Nagorny SV, Kazakov ED, Dmitryakov PV, Bakirov AV, Grigoriev SA. Features of Electrochemical Hydrogen Pump Based on Irradiated Proton Exchange Membrane. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:885. [PMID: 37999371 PMCID: PMC10673446 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical hydrogen pump (EHP) with a proton exchange membrane (PEM) used as part of fusion cycle systems successfully combines the processes of hydrogen extraction, purification and compression in a single device. This work comprises a novel study of the effect of ionizing radiation on the properties of the PEM as part of the EHP. Radiation exposure leads to nonspecific degradation of membranes, changes in their structure, and destruction of side and matrix chains. The findings from this work reveal that the replacement of sulfate groups in the membrane structure with carboxyl and hydrophilic groups leads to a decrease in conductivity from 0.115 to 0.103 S cm-1, which is reflected in halving the device performance at a temperature of 30 °C. The shift of the ionomer peak of small-angle X-ray scattering curves from 3.1 to 4.4 nm and the absence of changes in the water uptake suggested structural changes in the PEM after the irradiation. Increasing the EHP operating temperature minimized the effect of membrane irradiation on the pump performance, but enhanced membrane drying at low pressure and 50 °C, which caused a current density drop from 0.52 to 0.32 A·cm-2 at 0.5 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A. Ivanova
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.I.); (R.M.M.); (D.D.S.); (M.V.S.); (E.D.K.); (P.V.D.); (A.V.B.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Boris V. Ivanov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.I.); (R.M.M.); (D.D.S.); (M.V.S.); (E.D.K.); (P.V.D.); (A.V.B.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Ruslan M. Mensharapov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.I.); (R.M.M.); (D.D.S.); (M.V.S.); (E.D.K.); (P.V.D.); (A.V.B.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Dmitry D. Spasov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.I.); (R.M.M.); (D.D.S.); (M.V.S.); (E.D.K.); (P.V.D.); (A.V.B.); (S.A.G.)
- National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”, 14, Krasnokazarmennaya st., 111250 Moscow, Russia
| | - Matvey V. Sinyakov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.I.); (R.M.M.); (D.D.S.); (M.V.S.); (E.D.K.); (P.V.D.); (A.V.B.); (S.A.G.)
- Institute of Modern Energetics and Nanotechnology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9, Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Seraphim V. Nagorny
- Institute of Modern Energetics and Nanotechnology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9, Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgeny D. Kazakov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.I.); (R.M.M.); (D.D.S.); (M.V.S.); (E.D.K.); (P.V.D.); (A.V.B.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Petr V. Dmitryakov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.I.); (R.M.M.); (D.D.S.); (M.V.S.); (E.D.K.); (P.V.D.); (A.V.B.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Artem V. Bakirov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.I.); (R.M.M.); (D.D.S.); (M.V.S.); (E.D.K.); (P.V.D.); (A.V.B.); (S.A.G.)
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, 70, Profsoyuznaya st., 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Grigoriev
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.I.); (R.M.M.); (D.D.S.); (M.V.S.); (E.D.K.); (P.V.D.); (A.V.B.); (S.A.G.)
- National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”, 14, Krasnokazarmennaya st., 111250 Moscow, Russia
- HySA Infrastructure Center of Competence, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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Sadykov V, Pikalova E, Sadovskaya E, Shlyakhtina A, Filonova E, Eremeev N. Design of Mixed Ionic-Electronic Materials for Permselective Membranes and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Based on Their Oxygen and Hydrogen Mobility. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:698. [PMID: 37623759 PMCID: PMC10456803 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen and hydrogen mobility are among the important characteristics for the operation of solid oxide fuel cells, permselective membranes and many other electrochemical devices. This, along with other characteristics, enables a high-power density in solid oxide fuel cells due to reducing the electrolyte resistance and enabling the electrode processes to not be limited by the electrode-electrolyte-gas phase triple-phase boundary, as well as providing high oxygen or hydrogen permeation fluxes for membranes due to a high ambipolar conductivity. This work focuses on the oxygen and hydrogen diffusion of mixed ionic (oxide ionic or/and protonic)-electronic conducting materials for these devices, and its role in their performance. The main laws of bulk diffusion and surface exchange are highlighted. Isotope exchange techniques allow us to study these processes in detail. Ionic transport properties of conventional and state-of-the-art materials including perovskites, Ruddlesden-Popper phases, fluorites, pyrochlores, composites, etc., are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Sadykov
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Elena Pikalova
- Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry UB RAS, 620137 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
- Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sadovskaya
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Anna Shlyakhtina
- Federal Research Center, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Filonova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Nikita Eremeev
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.S.); (N.E.)
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Gong M, Jin C, Na Y. Minimizing Area-Specific Resistance of Electrochemical Hydrogen Compressor under Various Operating Conditions Using Unsteady 3D Single-Channel Model. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:555. [PMID: 37367759 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted over the past few decades on carbon-free hydrogen energy. Hydrogen, being an abundant energy source, requires high-pressure compression for storage and transportation due to its low volumetric density. Mechanical and electrochemical compression are two common methods used to compress hydrogen under high pressure. Mechanical compressors can potentially cause contamination due to the lubricating oil when compressing hydrogen, whereas electrochemical hydrogen compressors (EHCs) can produce high-purity, high-pressure hydrogen without any moving parts. A study was conducted using a 3D single-channel EHC model focusing on the water content and area-specific resistance of the membrane under various temperature, relative humidity, and gas diffusion layer (GDL) porosity conditions. Numerical analysis demonstrated that the higher the operating temperature, the higher the water content in the membrane. This is because the saturation vapor pressure increases with higher temperatures. When dry hydrogen is supplied to a sufficiently humidified membrane, the actual water vapor pressure decreases, leading to an increase in the membrane's area-specific resistance. Furthermore, with a low GDL porosity, the viscous resistance increases, hindering the smooth supply of humidified hydrogen to the membrane. Through a transient analysis of an EHC, favorable operating conditions for rapidly hydrating membranes were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungkeun Gong
- Department of Mechanical and Information Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Information Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseung Na
- Department of Mechanical and Information Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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AAO-Assisted Nanoporous Platinum Films for Hydrogen Sensor Application. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of the porosity and the thickness on the ability of hydrogen sensing is demonstrated through a comparison of compact and nanoporous platinum film sensors. The synthesis of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanotubes with an average pore diameter of less than 100 nm served as the template for the fabrication of nanoporous Pt films using an anodization method. This was achieved by applying a voltage of 40 V in 0.4 M of a phosphoric acid solution at 20 °C. To compare the film and nanoporous Pt, layers of approximately 3 nm and 20 nm were coated on both glass substrates and AAO templates using a sputtering technique. FESEM images monitored the formation of nanoporosity by observing the Pt layers covering the upper edges of the AAO nanotubes. Despite their low thickness and the poor long-range order, the EDX and XRD measurements confirmed and uncovered the crystalline properties of the Pt films by comparing the bare and the Pt deposited AAO templates. The nanoporous Pt and Pt thin film sensors were tested in the hydrogen concentration range between 10–50,000 ppm H2 at room temperature, 50 °C, 100 °C and 150 °C. The results reveal that nanoporous Pt performed higher sensitivity than the Pt thin film and the surface scattering phenomenon can express the hydrogen sensing mechanism of the Pt sensors.
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7
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Shi L, Lai LS, Tay WH, Yeap SP, Yeong YF. Membrane Fabrication for Carbon Dioxide Separation: A Critical Review. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linggao Shi
- UCSI University Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Guangxi University of Science and Technology School of Medical Science 545006 Guangxi China
| | - Li Sze Lai
- UCSI University Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- UCSI-Cheras Low Carbon Innovation Hub Research Consortium Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Wee Horng Tay
- Gensonic Technology Persiaran SIBC 12 Seri Iskandar Business Centre 32610 Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Swee Pin Yeap
- UCSI University Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- UCSI-Cheras Low Carbon Innovation Hub Research Consortium Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Yin Fong Yeong
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS CO2 Research Centre (CO2RES) Chemical Engineering Department Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
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Avila R, Wu Y, Garziera R, Rogers JA, Huang Y. Analytical Modeling of Flowrate and Its Maxima in Electrochemical Bioelectronics with Drug Delivery Capabilities. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9805932. [PMID: 35316891 PMCID: PMC8917966 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9805932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Flowrate control in flexible bioelectronics with targeted drug delivery capabilities is essential to ensure timely and safe delivery. For neuroscience and pharmacogenetics studies in small animals, these flexible bioelectronic systems can be tailored to deliver small drug volumes on a controlled fashion without damaging surrounding tissues from stresses induced by excessively high flowrates. The drug delivery process is realized by an electrochemical reaction that pressurizes the internal bioelectronic chambers to deform a flexible polymer membrane that pumps the drug through a network of microchannels implanted in the small animal. The flowrate temporal profile and global maximum are governed and can be modeled by the ideal gas law. Here, we obtain an analytical solution that groups the relevant mechanical, fluidic, environmental, and electrochemical terms involved in the drug delivery process into a set of three nondimensional parameters. The unique combinations of these three nondimensional parameters (related to the initial pressure, initial gas volume, and microfluidic resistance) can be used to model the flowrate and scale up the flexible bioelectronic design for experiments in medium and large animal models. The analytical solution is divided into (1) a fast variable that controls the maximum flowrate and (2) a slow variable that models the temporal profile. Together, the two variables detail the complete drug delivery process and control using the three nondimensional parameters. Comparison of the analytical model with alternative numerical models shows excellent agreement and validates the analytic modeling approach. These findings serve as a theoretical framework to design and optimize future flexible bioelectronic systems used in biomedical research, or related medical fields, and analytically control the flowrate and its global maximum for successful drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raudel Avila
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yixin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Rinaldo Garziera
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria ed Architettura, Università di Parma, Italy
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Lasseuguette E, Comesaña-Gándara B. Polymer Membranes for Gas Separation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020207. [PMID: 35207128 PMCID: PMC8875267 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Lasseuguette
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (B.C.-G.)
| | - Bibiana Comesaña-Gándara
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (B.C.-G.)
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11
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The CO Tolerance of Pt/C and Pt-Ru/C Electrocatalysts in a High-Temperature Electrochemical Cell Used for Hydrogen Separation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11090670. [PMID: 34564488 PMCID: PMC8471372 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an experimental evaluation and comparison of Pt/C and Pt-Ru/C electrocatalysts for high-temperature (100–160 °C) electrochemical hydrogen separators, for the purpose of mitigating CO poisoning. The performances of both Pt/C and Pt-Ru/C (Pt:Ru atomic ratio 1:1) were investigated and compared under pure hydrogen and a H2/CO gas mixture at various temperatures. The electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), determined from cyclic voltammetry, was used as the basis for a method to evaluate the performances of the two catalysts. Both CO stripping and the underpotential deposition of hydrogen were used to evaluate the electrochemical surface area. When the H2/CO gas mixture was used, there was a complex overlap of mechanisms, and therefore CO peak could not be used to evaluate the ECSA. Hence, the hydrogen peaks that resulted after the CO was removed from the Pt surface were used to evaluate the active surface area instead of the CO peaks. Results revealed that Pt-Ru/C was more tolerant to CO, since the overlapping reaction mechanism between H2 and CO was suppressed when Ru was introduced to the catalyst. SEM images of the catalysts before and after heat treatment indicated that particle agglomeration occurs upon exposure to high temperatures (>100 °C)
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Vermaak L, Neomagus HWJP, Bessarabov DG. Hydrogen Separation and Purification from Various Gas Mixtures by Means of Electrochemical Membrane Technology in the Temperature Range 100-160 °C. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11040282. [PMID: 33920305 PMCID: PMC8069315 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on an experimental evaluation of the hydrogen separation performance in a proton exchange membrane system with Pt-Co/C as the anode electrocatalyst. The recovery of hydrogen from H2/CO2, H2/CH4, and H2/NH3 gas mixtures were determined in the temperature range of 100–160 °C. The effects of both the impurity concentration and cell temperature on the separation performance of the cell and membrane were further examined. The electrochemical properties and performance of the cell were determined by means of polarization curves, limiting current density, open-circuit voltage, hydrogen permeability, hydrogen selectivity, hydrogen purity, and cell efficiencies (current, voltage, and power efficiencies) as performance parameters. High purity hydrogen (>99.9%) was obtained from a low purity feed (20% H2) after hydrogen was separated from H2/CH4 mixtures. Hydrogen purities of 98–99.5% and 96–99.5% were achieved for 10% and 50% CO2 in the feed, respectively. Moreover, the use of proton exchange membranes for electrochemical hydrogen separation was unsuccessful in separating hydrogen-rich streams containing NH3; the membrane underwent irreversible damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandri Vermaak
- HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Faculty of Engineering, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Correspondence: (L.V.); (D.G.B.)
| | - Hein W. J. P. Neomagus
- Centre of Excellence in Carbon Based Fuels, Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - Dmitri G. Bessarabov
- HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Faculty of Engineering, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Correspondence: (L.V.); (D.G.B.)
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