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Cabañero MA, Orive J, Bustinza A, Gómez G, Celaya A, Bonilla F, de Meatza I, López Del Amo JM, Casas-Cabanas M. Diagnostic Protocols for Evaluating the Degradation Mechanisms in Gel-Polymer Lithium Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404063. [PMID: 39004857 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) present a promising alternative to standard liquid electrolytes (LE) for Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) and Lithium Metal Batteries bridging the advantages of both liquid and solid polymer electrolytes. However, their cycle life still lags behind that of standard LIBs, and their degradation mechanisms remain poorly understood. A significant challenge is the need for specific diagnostic protocols to systematically study the degradation mechanisms of GPE-based cells. Challenges include the separation of cell components and effective washing, as well as the study of the solid electrolyte interfaces, all complicated by the semi-solid nature of GPEs. This paper provides a brief review of existing literature and proposes a comprehensive set of diagnostic tools for dismantling and evaluating the degradation of GPE-based LIBs. Finally, these methods and recommendations are applied to LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO)-graphite cells, revealing electrolyte oxidation as a major source of cell degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeles Cabañero
- CIC energiGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Albert Einstein, 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
- FEV Iberia SL, C/ Gardoqui, 1, Bilbao, 48008, Spain
| | - Joseba Orive
- CIC energiGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Albert Einstein, 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Bustinza
- CIC energiGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Albert Einstein, 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Germán Gómez
- CIC energiGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Albert Einstein, 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Ander Celaya
- CIC energiGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Albert Einstein, 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Francisco Bonilla
- CIC energiGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Albert Einstein, 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Iratxe de Meatza
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 196, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20014, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel López Del Amo
- CIC energiGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Albert Einstein, 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Montse Casas-Cabanas
- CIC energiGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Albert Einstein, 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
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Slesarenko NA, Chernyak AV, Khatmullina KG, Baymuratova GR, Yudina AV, Tulibaeva GZ, Shestakov AF, Volkov VI, Yarmolenko OV. Nanocomposite Polymer Gel Electrolyte Based on TiO 2 Nanoparticles for Lithium Batteries. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:776. [PMID: 37755198 PMCID: PMC10536963 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the specific features of competitive ionic and molecular transport in nanocomposite systems based on network membranes synthesized by radical polymerization of polyethylene glycol diacrylate in the presence of LiBF4, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, ethylene carbonate (EC), and TiO2 nanopowder (d~21 nm) were studied for 1H, 7Li, 11B, 13C, and 19F nuclei using NMR. The membranes obtained were studied through electrochemical impedance, IR-Fourier spectroscopy, DSC, and TGA. The ionic conductivity of the membranes was up to 4.8 m Scm-1 at room temperature. The operating temperature range was from -40 to 100 °C. Two types of molecular and ionic transport (fast and slow) have been detected by pulsed field gradient NMR. From quantum chemical modeling, it follows that the difficulty of lithium transport is due to the strong chemisorption of BF4- anions with counterions on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles. The theoretical conclusion about the need to increase the proportion of EC in order to reduce the influence of this effect was confirmed by an experimental study of a system with 4 moles of EC. It has been shown that this approach leads to an increase in lithium conductivity in an ionic liquid medium, which is important for the development of thermostable nanocomposite electrolytes for Li//LiFePO4 batteries with a base of lithium salts and aprotonic imidasolium ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A. Slesarenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (K.G.K.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.); (G.Z.T.); (A.F.S.); (V.I.V.); (O.V.Y.)
| | - Alexander V. Chernyak
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (K.G.K.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.); (G.Z.T.); (A.F.S.); (V.I.V.); (O.V.Y.)
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka of the Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Kyunsylu G. Khatmullina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (K.G.K.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.); (G.Z.T.); (A.F.S.); (V.I.V.); (O.V.Y.)
- Department of Chemistry and Electrochemical Energy, Institute of Energy Efficiency and Hydrogen Technologies (IEEHT), National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”, 111250 Moscow, Russia
| | - Guzaliya R. Baymuratova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (K.G.K.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.); (G.Z.T.); (A.F.S.); (V.I.V.); (O.V.Y.)
| | - Alena V. Yudina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (K.G.K.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.); (G.Z.T.); (A.F.S.); (V.I.V.); (O.V.Y.)
| | - Galiya Z. Tulibaeva
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (K.G.K.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.); (G.Z.T.); (A.F.S.); (V.I.V.); (O.V.Y.)
| | - Alexander F. Shestakov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (K.G.K.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.); (G.Z.T.); (A.F.S.); (V.I.V.); (O.V.Y.)
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly I. Volkov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (K.G.K.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.); (G.Z.T.); (A.F.S.); (V.I.V.); (O.V.Y.)
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka of the Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Olga V. Yarmolenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (K.G.K.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.); (G.Z.T.); (A.F.S.); (V.I.V.); (O.V.Y.)
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Khatmullina KG, Slesarenko NA, Chernyak AV, Baymuratova GR, Yudina AV, Berezin MP, Tulibaeva GZ, Slesarenko AA, Shestakov AF, Yarmolenko OV. New Network Polymer Electrolytes Based on Ionic Liquid and SiO 2 Nanoparticles for Energy Storage Systems. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:548. [PMID: 37367752 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Elementary processes of electro mass transfer in the nanocomposite polymer electrolyte system by pulse field gradient, spin echo NMR spectroscopy and the high-resolution NMR method together with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are examined. The new nanocomposite polymer gel electrolytes consisted of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), salt LiBF4 and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4) and SiO2 nanoparticles. Kinetics of the PEGDA matrix formation was studied by isothermal calorimetry. The flexible polymer-ionic liquid films were studied by IRFT spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and temperature gravimetric analysis. The total conductivity in these systems was about 10-4 S cm-1 (-40 °C), 10-3 S cm-1 (25 °C) and 10-2 S cm-1 (100 °C). The method of quantum-chemical modeling of the interaction of SiO2 nanoparticles with ions showed the advantage of the mixed adsorption process, in which a negatively charged surface layer is formed from Li+ BF4- ions on silicon dioxide particles and then from ions of the ionic liquid EMI+ BF4-. These electrolytes are promising for use both in lithium power sources and in supercapacitors. The paper shows preliminary tests of a lithium cell with an organic electrode based on a pentaazapentacene derivative for 110 charge-discharge cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunsylu G Khatmullina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Electrochemical Energy, Institute of Energy Efficiency and Hydrogen Technologies (IEEHT), Moscow Power Engineering Institute, National Research University, 111250 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita A Slesarenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alexander V Chernyak
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka of the Institute of Solid State Physics Named Yu.A. Osipyan RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Guzaliya R Baymuratova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alena V Yudina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Berezin
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Galiya Z Tulibaeva
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Anna A Slesarenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alexander F Shestakov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Yarmolenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
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Insights into the use of polyepichlorohydrin polymer in lithium battery energy storage/conversion devices: review. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper, the up-to-date state of polyepichlorohydrin-based electrolytes is reviewed. Research works are persistently ongoing to develop free-standing solid polymer electrolytes with exceptional performances and stabilities that can suit the needs of present and next-generation technologies. Polyepichlorohydrin (PECH), for example, is one of the polymer hosts under consideration due to its ether electron donor groups that deliver coordinating spots for cation transport as well as alkyl chloride groups for changing its surface character. Because of this structure, PECH has certain incredible characteristics including small glass transition temperature (Tg), tremendous flexibility, as well as the power to form complexation with diverse salts. Furthermore, the alkyl chloride groups serve as a location for surface modification of the polymer via nucleophilic substitution reactions, resulting in surface changes or bulk properties. As a result, the PECH in chemically modified or pristine form is an emerging option that has been researched and is being considered for use in energy storage devices. This paper reviews the latest studies on the improvements of PECH-based electrolytes for lithium-based battery storage systems. The synthesis methods of PECH polymer, types of lithium batteries, and opportunities and challenges of lithium batteries have been presented briefly. Findings on PECH-based electrolytes have been presented and discussed thoroughly. Lastly, the paper presents, battery performance needs, and cation transportation mechanisms as well as future prospects for the advancement of PECH electrolytes in the field of storage systems.
Article Highlights
The alkyl chloride groups of polyepichlorohydrin polymer play a significant role in modifying the characteristics of the polymer through chemical reactions.
The inherent characteristics of PECH-based polymers including their amorphousity, glass transition temperature, functionality, and others can be altered via chemical and physical means.
The impressive electrochemical characteristics of PECH-based electrolytes make them a viable option for energy storage/conversion devices applications as electrolytes.
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Flow NMR system development for real-time in situ multiple detection of direct methanol fuel cell exhausts. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Chernyak AV, Slesarenko NA, Slesarenko AA, Baymuratova GR, Tulibaeva GZ, Yudina AV, Volkov VI, Shestakov AF, Yarmolenko OV. Effect of the Solvate Environment of Lithium Cations on the Resistance of the Polymer Electrolyte/Electrode Interface in a Solid-State Lithium Battery. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1111. [PMID: 36363666 PMCID: PMC9694555 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the composition of liquid electrolytes in the bulk and at the interface with the LiFePO4 cathode on the operation of a solid-state lithium battery with a nanocomposite polymer gel electrolyte based on polyethylene glycol diacrylate and SiO2 was studied. The self-diffusion coefficients on the 7Li, 1H, and 19F nuclei in electrolytes based on LiBF4 and LiTFSI salts in solvents (gamma-butyrolactone, dioxolane, dimethoxyethane) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with a magnetic field gradient. Four compositions of the complex electrolyte system were studied by high-resolution NMR. The experimentally obtained 1H chemical shifts are compared with those theoretically calculated by quantum chemical modeling. This made it possible to suggest the solvate shell compositions that facilitate the rapid transfer of the Li+ cation at the nanocomposite electrolyte/LiFePO4 interface and ensure the stable operation of a solid-state lithium battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Chernyak
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Nikita A. Slesarenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Anna A. Slesarenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Guzaliya R. Baymuratova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Galiya Z. Tulibaeva
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alena V. Yudina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Vitaly I. Volkov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alexander F. Shestakov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Yarmolenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
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Applications of Spectroscopic Techniques for Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposite: A Review. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Ion and Molecular Transport in Solid Electrolytes Studied by NMR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095011. [PMID: 35563404 PMCID: PMC9103273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NMR is the method of choice for molecular and ionic structures and dynamics investigations. The present review is devoted to solvation and mobilities in solid electrolytes, such as ion-exchange membranes and composite materials, based on cesium acid sulfates and phosphates. The applications of high-resolution NMR, solid-state NMR, NMR relaxation, and pulsed field gradient 1H, 7Li, 13C, 19F, 23Na, 31P, and 133Cs NMR techniques are discussed. The main attention is paid to the transport channel morphology, ionic hydration, charge group and mobile ion interaction, and translation ions and solvent mobilities in different spatial scales. Self-diffusion coefficients of protons and Li+, Na+, and Cs+ cations are compared with the ionic conductivity data. The microscopic ionic transfer mechanism is discussed.
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