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Kumar DR, Kanagaraj I, Sukanya R, Karthik R, Hasan M, Thalji MR, Dhakal G, Milton A, Prakash AS, Shim JJ. Ti 3C 2T x Filled in EMIMBF 4 Semi-Solid Polymer Electrolytes for the Zinc-Metal Battery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38669304 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising candidates for safe energy storage applications. However, undesirable parasitic reactions such as dendrite growth, gas evaluation, anode corrosion, and structural damage to the cathode under an acidic microenvironment severely affected cell performance. To resolve these issues, an MXene entrapped in an ionic liquid semi-solid gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) composite was explored. The molecular-level mixing of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVHF), zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(OTF)2), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4) ionic liquid, and Ti3C2Tx MXene provided a controlled Zn2+ shuttle toward the anode/cathode. Ti3C2Tx/EMIBF4/Zn(OTF)2/PVHF exhibited a breaking strength of 0.36 MPa with an associated extension of 23%. The Zn//Ti3C2Tx/EMIBF4/Zn(OTF)2/PVHF//Zn symmetric cell with continuous zinc plating/stripping exhibited excellent Zn2+ ion mobility toward the anode and cathode without undesired reactions. This was confirmed by post-mortem analysis after a symmetric cell compatibility test. The as-prepared GPE with a Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode exhibited a high chemical diffusion coefficient of 1.14 × 10-7. It also showed an outstanding reversible capacity of 89 mAh g-1 at C/10 with an average discharge plateau voltage of 1.45 V, cycle durability, and controlled self-discharge. These results suggested that the Zn2+ ions in the Ti3C2Tx/EMIBF4/Zn(OTF)2/PVHF composite are reversibly labile in the anode and cathode directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivasigamani Ranjith Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Inthumathi Kanagaraj
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit, CSIR Madras Complex, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Ramaraj Sukanya
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth Co. Kildare W23F2H6, Ireland
| | - Raj Karthik
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad R Thalji
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Dhakal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahamed Milton
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Annigere S Prakash
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit, CSIR Madras Complex, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Jae-Jin Shim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
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Xia J, Yin S, Cui K, Yang T, Yan Y, Zhang S, Xing Y, Yang P, Wang T, Zhou G. Self-Catalyzed Growth of Co 4N and N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes toward Bifunctional Cathode for Highly Safe and Flexible Li-Air Batteries. ACS Nano 2024; 18:10902-10911. [PMID: 38606667 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The practical application of high-energy density lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries is severely impeded by the notorious cycling stability and safety, which mainly comes from slow kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at cathodes, causing inferior redox overpotentials and reactive lithium metal in flammable liquid electrolyte. Herein, a bifunctional electrode, a safe gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), and a robust lithium anode are proposed to alleviate above problems. The bifunctional electrode is composed of N-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) and Co4N by in situ chemical vapor deposition self-catalyzed growth on carbon cloth (N-CNTs@Co4N@CC). The self-supporting, binder-free N-CNTs@Co4N@CC electrode has a strong and stable three-dimensional (3D) interconnected conductive structure, which provides interconnectivity between the active sites and the electrode to promote the transfer of electrons. Furthermore, the N-CNT-intertwined Co4N ensures efficient catalytic activity. Hence, the electrode demonstrates improved electrochemical properties even under a large current density (2000 mA g-1) and long cycling operation (250 cycles). Moreover, a highly safe and flexible rechargeable cell using the 3D N-CNTs@Co4N@CC electrode, GPE, and robust lithium anode design has been explored. The open circuit voltage is stable at ∼3.0 V even after 9800 cycles, which proves the mechanical durability of the integrated GPE cell. The stable cable-type Li-air battery was demonstrated to stably drive the light-emitting diodes (LEDs), highlighting the reliability for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Kai Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Tian Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yiyuan Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yalan Xing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Puheng Yang
- State Key Lab Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, POB 353, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tianshuai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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3
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Xian C, Zhang S, Liu P, Huang L, He X, Shen S, Cao F, Liang X, Wang C, Wan W, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhong Y, Xia Y, Chen M, Zhang W, Xia X, Tu J. An Advanced Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. Small 2024; 20:e2306381. [PMID: 38013253 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are regarded as one of the most viable energy storage devices and their comprehensive properties are mainly controlled by solid electrolytes and interface compatibility. This work proposes an advanced poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) based gel polymer electrolyte (AP-GPEs) via functional superposition strategy, which involves incorporating butyl acrylate and polyethylene glycol diacrylate as elastic optimization framework, triethyl phosphate and fluoroethylene carbonate as flameproof liquid plasticizers, and Li7La3Zr2O12 nanowires (LLZO-w) as ion-conductive fillers, endowing the designed AP-GPEs/LLZO-w membrane with high mechanical strength, excellent flexibility, low flammability, low activation energy (0.137 eV), and improved ionic conductivity (0.42 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 20 °C) due to continuous ionic transport pathways. Additionally, the AP-GPEs/LLZO-w membrane shows good safety and chemical/electrochemical compatibility with the lithium anode, owing to the synergistic effect of LLZO-w filler, flexible frameworks, and flame retardants. Consequently, the LiFePO4/Li batteries assembled with AP-GPEs/LLZO-w electrolyte exhibit enhanced cycling performance (87.3% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 1 C) and notable high-rate capacity (93.3 mAh g-1 at 5 C). This work proposes a novel functional superposition strategy for the synthesis of high-performance comprehensive GPEs for LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xinping He
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shenghui Shen
- School of Materials Science and & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Engineering Technology, Huzhou College, Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Xinqi Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611371, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
| | - Wangjun Wan
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611371, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xia
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Minghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Wenkui Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Jiangping Tu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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4
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Xu N, Zhao Y, Ni M, Zhu J, Song X, Bi X, Zhang J, Zhang H, Ma Y, Li C, Chen Y. In-Situ Cross-linked F- and P-Containing Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Long-Cycling and High-Safety Lithium Metal Batteries with Various Cathode Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404400. [PMID: 38517342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) has been hindered by limited cycle-life and safety concerns. To solve these problems, we develop a novel fluorinated phosphate cross-linker for gel polymer electrolyte in high-voltage LMBs, achieving superior electrochemical performance and high safety simultaneously. The fluorinated phosphate cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte (FP-GPE) by in-situ polymerization method not only demonstrates high oxidation stability but also exhibits excellent compatibility with lithium metal anode. LMBs utilizing FP-GPE realize stable cycling even at a high cut-off voltage of 4.6 V (vs Li/Li+) with various high-voltage cathode materials. The LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2|FP-GPE|Li battery exhibits an ultralong cycle-life of 1200 cycles with an impressive capacity retention of 80.1 %. Furthermore, the FP-GPE-based batteries display excellent electrochemical performance even at practical conditions, such as high cathode mass loading (20.84 mg cm-2), ultrathin Li (20 μm), and a wide temperature range of -25 to 80 °C. Moreover, the first reported solid-state 18650 cylindrical LMBs have been successfully fabricated and demonstrate exceptional safety under mechanical abuse. Additionally, the industry-level 18650 cylindrical LiMn2O4|FP-GPE|Li4Ti5O12 cells demonstrate a remarkable cycle-life of 1400 cycles. Therefore, the impressive electrochemical performance and high safety in practical batteries demonstrate a substantial potential of well-designed FP-GPE for large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Xu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Minghan Ni
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingchen Song
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingqi Bi
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanfeng Ma
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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5
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Je M, Son HB, Han YJ, Jang H, Kim S, Kim D, Kang J, Jeong JH, Hwang C, Song G, Song HK, Ha TS, Park S. Formulating Electron Beam-Induced Covalent Linkages for Stable and High-Energy-Density Silicon Microparticle Anode. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2305298. [PMID: 38233196 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
High-capacity silicon (Si) materials hold a position at the forefront of advanced lithium-ion batteries. The inherent potential offers considerable advantages for substantially increasing the energy density in batteries, capable of maximizing the benefit by changing the paradigm from nano- to micron-sized Si particles. Nevertheless, intrinsic structural instability remains a significant barrier to its practical application, especially for larger Si particles. Here, a covalently interconnected system is reported employing Si microparticles (5 µm) and a highly elastic gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) through electron beam irradiation. The integrated system mitigates the substantial volumetric expansion of pure Si, enhancing overall stability, while accelerating charge carrier kinetics due to the high ionic conductivity. Through the cost-effective but practical approach of electron beam technology, the resulting 500 mAh-pouch cell showed exceptional stability and high gravimetric/volumetric energy densities of 413 Wh kg-1, 1022 Wh L-1, highlighting the feasibility even in current battery production lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Je
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Bin Son
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Han
- Ulsan Advanced Energy Technology R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Ulsan, 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangeol Jang
- Ulsan Advanced Energy Technology R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Ulsan, 44776, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chihyun Hwang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Gyeonggi-do, 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyujin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Ulsan Advanced Energy Technology R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Ulsan, 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kon Song
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soojin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Liu L, Xue J, Liu Y, Lu S, Weng S, Wang Z, Zhang F, Fu D, Xu J, Wu X. Excellent Polymerized Ionic-Liquid-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes Enabled by Molecular Structure Design and Anion-Derived Interfacial Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:8895-8902. [PMID: 38348831 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquid (PIL)-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are well known as highly safe and stable electrolytes but with low ambient ionic conductivity. Herein, we first designed and synthesized an IL monomer with a long and flexible side chain and then mixed it with LiTFSI and MEMPTFSI to construct a PIL-based GPE (denoted as GM-GPE). The special molecular structure of the monomer greatly improves the ionic transport through the PIL chain, and the introduction of MEMPTFSI plasticizer further improves the ionic conductivity, promoting a TFSI--anion-derived SEI formation to suppress Li dendrite growth and forming an electrostatic shielding effect of MEMP+ cations to promote the uniform deposition of Li+. Consequently, the as-prepared GM-GPE exhibits high ambient ionic conductivity (4.3 × 10-4 S cm-1, 30 °C), robust electrochemical stability, excellent thermal stability, nonflammability, and superior ability to inhibit Li dendrite growth. The resultant LiFePO4|GM-GPE|Li cell exhibits a high discharge capacity of 150 mA h g-1 at 0.2 C along with a good cycling stability and rate capability. This work brings about new guidance for the development of high-quality GPEs with high ionic conductivity, high stability, and safety for long cycling and dendrite-free lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwang Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiangyan Xue
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Suwan Lu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shixiao Weng
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang 213300, China
- Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang 213300, China
- Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Daosong Fu
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang 213300, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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7
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Gou J, Zhang Z, Wang S, Huang J, Cui K, Wang H. An Ultrahigh Modulus Gel Electrolytes Reforming the Growing Pattern of Li Dendrites for Interfacially Stable Lithium-Metal Batteries. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2309677. [PMID: 37909896 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have aroused intensive attention for their moderate comprehensive performances in lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). However, GPEs with low elastic moduli of MPa magnitude cannot mechanically regulate the Li deposition, leading to recalcitrant lithium dendrites. Herein, a porous Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 (LLZO) framework (PLF) is employed as an integrated solid filler to address the intrinsic drawback of GPEs. With the incorporation of PLF, the composite GPE exhibits an ultrahigh elastic modulus of GPa magnitude, confronting Li dendrites at a mechanical level and realizing steady polarization at high current densities in Li||Li cells. Benefiting from the compatible interface with anodes, the LFP|PLF@GPE|Li cells deliver excellent rate capability and cycling performance at room temperature. Theoretical models extracted from the topology of solid fillers reveal that the PLF with unique 3D structures can effectively reinforce the gel phase of GPEs at the nanoscale via providing sufficient mechanical support from the load-sensitive direction. Numerical models are further developed to reproduce the multiphysical procedure of dendrite propagation and give insights into predicting the failure modes of LMBs. This work quantitatively clarifies the relationship between the topology of solid fillers and the interface stability of GPEs, providing guidelines for designing mechanically reliable GPEs for LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingren Gou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Suqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jiale Huang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haihui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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8
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Landi G, Pagano S, Granata V, Avallone G, La Notte L, Palma AL, Sdringola P, Puglisi G, Barone C. Regeneration and Long-Term Stability of a Low-Power Eco-Friendly Temperature Sensor Based on a Hydrogel Nanocomposite. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:283. [PMID: 38334553 PMCID: PMC10856540 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A water-processable and low-cost nanocomposite material, based on gelatin and graphene, has been used to fabricate an environmentally friendly temperature sensor. Demonstrating a temperature-dependent open-circuit voltage between 260 and 310 K, the sensor effectively detects subzero ice formation. Notably, it maintains a constant temperature sensitivity of approximately -19 mV/K over two years, showcasing long-term stability. Experimental evidence demonstrates the efficient regeneration of aged sensors by injecting a few drops of water at a temperature higher than the gelation point of the hydrogel nanocomposite. The real-time monitoring of the electrical characteristics during the hydration reveals the initiation of the regeneration process at the gelation point (~306 K), resulting in a more conductive nanocomposite. These findings, together with a fast response and low power consumption in the range of microwatts, underscore the potential of the eco-friendly sensor for diverse practical applications in temperature monitoring and environmental sensing. Furthermore, the successful regeneration process significantly enhances its sustainability and reusability, making a valuable contribution to environmentally conscious technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Landi
- ENEA, Portici Research Center, Piazzale Enrico Fermi, Località Granatello, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Sergio Pagano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (V.G.); (G.A.)
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Veronica Granata
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (V.G.); (G.A.)
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Guerino Avallone
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (V.G.); (G.A.)
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luca La Notte
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (L.L.N.); (A.L.P.); (P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandro Lorenzo Palma
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (L.L.N.); (A.L.P.); (P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Paolo Sdringola
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (L.L.N.); (A.L.P.); (P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (L.L.N.); (A.L.P.); (P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Carlo Barone
- Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (V.G.); (G.A.)
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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9
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Butnicu D, Ionescu D, Kovaci M. Structure Optimization of Some Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes with Increased Conductivity Used in "Beyond Lithium-Ion" Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:368. [PMID: 38337257 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Simulation techniques implemented with the HFSS program were used for structure optimization from the point of view of increasing the conductivity of the batteries' electrolytes. Our analysis was focused on reliable "beyond lithium-ion" batteries, using single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes, in a gel variant. Their conductivity can be increased by tuning and correlating the internal parameters of the structure. Materials in the battery system were modeled at the nanoscale with HFSS: electrodes-electrolyte-moving ions. Some new materials reported in the literature were studied, like poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate-x-styrene sulfonate (PEGDMA-SS) or PU-TFMSI for the electrolyte; p-dopable polytriphenyl amine for cathodes in Na-ion batteries or sulfur cathodes in Mg-ion or Al-ion batteries. The coarse-grained molecular dynamics model combined with the atomistic model were both considered for structural simulation at the molecular level. Issues like interaction forces at the nanoscopic scale, charge carrier mobility, conductivity in the cell, and energy density of the electrodes were implied in the analysis. The results were compared to the reported experimental data, to confirm the method and for error analysis. For the real structures of gel polymer electrolytes, this method can indicate that their conductivity increases up to 15%, and even up to 26% in the resonant cases, via parameter correlation. The tuning and control of material properties becomes a problem of structure optimization, solved with non-invasive simulation methods, in agreement with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Butnicu
- Department of Basics of Electronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Information Technologies, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Carol I Blvd, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela Ionescu
- Department of Telecommunications and Informational Technologies, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Information Technologies, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Carol I Blvd, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Kovaci
- Department of Communications, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Information Technologies, "Politehnica" University of Timisoara, V. Pârvan Blvd., No. 2, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
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10
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Zhang M, Xie W, Liu M, Liu S, Wang W, Jin Z, Wang A, Qiu J, Zhao P, Shi Z. New Quasi-Solid-State Li-SPAN Battery Enhanced by In Situ Thermally Polymerized Gel Polymer Electrolytes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:1578-1586. [PMID: 38118050 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
A lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is a promising candidate for an electrochemical energy-storage system. However, for a long time, it suffered from the "shuttle effect" of the intermediate products of soluble polysulfides and safety issues concerning the combustible liquid electrolyte and lithium anode. In this work, sulfide polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is employed as a solid cycled cathode to resolve the "shuttle effect" fundamentally, a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) is matched to the SPAN cathode to minimize the safety concerns, and finally, a quasi-solid-state Li-SPAN battery is combined by an in situ thermal polymerization strategy to improve its adaptability to the existing battery assembly processes. The PEGDA-based GPE achieved at 60 °C for 40 min ensures little damage to the in situ battery, a good electrode-electrolyte interface, a high ionic conductivity of 6.87 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 30 °C, and a wide electrochemical window of 4.53 V. Ultimately, the as-prepared SPAN composite exerts a specific capacity of 1217.3 mAh g-1 after 250 cycles at 0.2 C with a high capacity retention rate of 89.9%. The combination of the SPAN cathode and in situ thermally polymerized PEGDA-based GPE provides a new inspiration for the design of Li-SPAN batteries with both high specific energy and high safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Zhang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenhao Xie
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weikun Wang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaoqing Jin
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Anbang Wang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyi Qiu
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhicong Shi
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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11
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Ma L, Li X, Tan J, Fang Z, Liu Z, Wang Y, Ye C, Yi P, Ye M, Shen J. Anion-Immobilized Gel Polymer Electrolyte with a High Ion Transference Number for High-Performance Lithium/Sodium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 38041638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high energy density, lithium/sodium metal batteries (LMBs/SMBs) are expected to be the next generation of energy storage systems. However, the further application of alkali metal batteries based on liquid electrolytes is limited due to increasing safety concerns. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), which combine the advantages of the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes and excellent mechanical properties of solid polymer electrolytes, are considered to play an irreplaceable role in the realization of high-performance alkali metal batteries. In this work, a flexible boron-containing GPE (B-GPE) with a cross-linked polymer network structure is prepared by a UV-induced process. The as-prepared B-GPE exhibits good ionic conductivity and has an extremely high ion transference number due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the boron moiety and the facile electrolyte uptake ability of the ethylene oxide chain. Furthermore, a "gentle" electrode/electrolyte contact is designed by a one-step in situ polymerization method, which can enhance ion transport within the electrode and at the electrode/electrolyte interface due to the presence of a continuous polymer phase for ion conduction. Therefore, LMBs and SMBs containing B-GPE are able to effectively inhibit the growth of dendrites while exhibiting excellent cycling stability. These comprehensive results indicate that this novel B-GPE possesses potential applications for high-performance alkali metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longli Ma
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuanyang Li
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Tan
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhan Fang
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chuming Ye
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pengshu Yi
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingxin Ye
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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12
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Swiderska-Mocek A, Karczewska I, Gabryelczyk A, Popławski M, Czarnecka-Komorowska D. Gel Polymer Electrolytes with Talc as a Natural Mineral Filler and a Biodegradable Polymer Matrix in Sodium-Ion Batteries. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300090. [PMID: 37541308 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
A gel polymer electrolyte based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is used in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The use of biodegradable and water-soluble polymer potentially reduces the negative environmental impact. The other components include sodium salt (NaPF6 ), sulfolane (TMS) as a plasticizer and talc. For the first time, natural and abundant talc has been used as an inert filler in a gel polymer electrolyte. The best results were obtained for moderate amounts of filler (1 and 3 wt%). Then, an increase in the conductivity, transference numbers, and thermal stability of the membranes was observed. Moreover, the presence of talc had a positive effect on the cyclability of the hard carbon electrode. The discharge capacity after 50 cycles of HC|1 % T_TMS|Na and HC|3 % T_TMS|Na was 243 and 225 mAh g-1 , respectively. The use of talc in gel polymer electrolytes containing sodium ions improves the safety and efficiency of SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Swiderska-Mocek
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Karczewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gabryelczyk
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Popławski
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
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13
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Huang K, Bi S, Xu H, Wu L, Fang C, Zhang X. Optimizing Li-ion Solvation in Gel Polymer Electrolytes to Stabilize Li-Metal Anode. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202300671. [PMID: 37329230 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have potential as substitutes for liquid electrolytes in lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). Their semi-solid state also makes GPEs suitable for various applications, including wearables and flexible electronics. Here, we report the initiation of ring-opening polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) by Lewis acid and the introduction of diluent 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) to regulate electrolyte structure for a more stable interface. This diluent-blended GPE exhibits enhanced electrochemical stability and ion transport properties compared to a blank version without it. FTIR and NMR proved the effectiveness of monomer polymerization and further determined the molecular weight distribution of polymerization by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Experimental and simulation results show that the addition of TTE enhances ion association and tends to distribute on the anode surface to construct a robust and low-impedance SEI. Thus, the polymer battery achieves 5 C charge-discharge at room temperature and 200 cycles at low temperature -20 °C. The study presents an effective approach for regulating solvation structures in GPEs, promoting advancements in the future design of GPE-based LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsheng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy-Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Sheng Bi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-Chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Hai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy-Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Langyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy-Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Chang Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy-Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy-Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
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14
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Cui B, Xiao Z, Cui S, Hao S, Liu S, Gao X, Li G. Lithiated Phosphoryl Cellulose Nanocrystals Enhance Cycling Stability and Safety of Quasi-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:41537-41548. [PMID: 37671463 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Cycling stability and safety are two of the main challenges facing lithium metal batteries with metallic lithium as anodes. Quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries based on gel polymer electrolytes are one of the important development directions for lithium metal batteries addressing those challenges. Herein, we prepare lithiated phosphoryl cellulose nanocrystals (PCNC-Li) as a modification material for poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) gel polymer electrolyte to improve cycling stability and safety of quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries. The synthesized PCNC-Li tends to form a uniform network structure on the surface of the PVDF membrane, in which the phosphoryl groups grafted regularly on celluloses can regulate the transport of lithium ions. As a result, a more uniform ion flux and more stable lithium anode interface support an obviously improved cycling stability for lithium metal batteries. Moreover, the introduction of the PCNC-Li coating layer makes the modified PVDF membranes have a better thermal stability and an enhanced mechanical strength, which is beneficial for improvement of safety of lithium metal batteries. This work provides a new alternative to fabricating a better composite gel polymer electrolyte for lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichuan Cui
- Institute of New Energy Materials Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhenxue Xiao
- Institute of New Energy Materials Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shaolun Cui
- Institute of New Energy Materials Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Beijing WeLion New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102402, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Institute of New Energy Materials Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Institute of New Energy Materials Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xueping Gao
- Institute of New Energy Materials Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guoran Li
- Institute of New Energy Materials Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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15
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Zhu A, Xu Q, Huang J, Li Y, Zhang F, Qin S, Li S, Wan C, Xie H. Fabrication of Gelatin-Derived Gel Electrolyte Using Deep Eutectic Solvents through In Situ Derivatization and Crosslinking Strategy for Supercapacitors and Flexible Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:41483-41493. [PMID: 37608581 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The facile fabrication of gel polymer electrolytes is crucial to the development of flexible electronics, and the use of natural polymers as sources has obtained great attention due to their abundant, low-cost, biodegradable, easy modification, and biocompatible features. In this article, a facile fabrication protocol to engineer gelatin into gel electrolytes was developed by taking the advantages of both deep eutectic solvent (DES) (including its good solubility to gelatin and satisfactory electrochemical properties) and rich active functional groups of gelatin, through in situ derivatization and crosslinking strategy. A double-crosslinked DES gel electrolyte was prepared with the dissolution of gelatin in choline chloride and alcohol-based DES and a further crosslinking with Fe3+ ions. The obtained DES gel presented outstanding mechanical properties, excellent ionic conductivity (up to 101-102 mS/cm), a wide operating temperature range (-40 to 80 °C), satisfactory self-healing property, and good degradability. Moreover, the obtained DES gel electrolyte was successfully applied to supercapacitors and flexible sensors, showing excellent electrochemical performance and strain-response properties. In a word, our study provides a facile protocol to engineer gelatin into gel electrolytes by using deep eutectic solvent, showing significant insights into the design and preparation of sustainable gel polymer electrolytes and having great application potential in next-generation high-performance flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antai Zhu
- Department of New Energy Science & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Department of New Energy Science & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of New Energy Science & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of New Energy Science & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Fazhi Zhang
- Department of New Energy Science & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Shangdong Qin
- Department of New Energy Science & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Shizhao Li
- Department of New Energy Science & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wan
- Department of New Energy Science & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of New Energy Science & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
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16
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Tombolesi S, Zanieri N, Bargnesi L, Mernini M, Lacarbonara G, Arbizzani C. A Sustainable Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Solid-State Electrochemical Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3087. [PMID: 37514476 PMCID: PMC10383274 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, solid polymer electrolytes have attracted increasing attention for their wide electrochemical stability window, low cost, excellent processability, flexibility and low interfacial impedance. Specifically, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are attractive substitutes for liquid ones due to their high ionic conductivity (10-3-10-2 S cm-1) at room temperature and solid-like dimensional stability with excellent flexibility. These characteristics make GPEs promising materials for electrochemical device applications, i.e., high-energy-density rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, electrochromic displays, sensors, and actuators. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the viability of a sustainable GPE, prepared without using organic solvents or ionic liquids and with a simplified preparation route, that can substitute aqueous electrolytes in electrochemical devices operating at low voltages (up to 2 V). A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based GPE has been cast from an aqueous solution and characterized with physicochemical and electrochemical methods. Its electrochemical stability has been assessed with capacitive electrodes in a supercapacitor configuration, and its good ionic conductivity and stability in the atmosphere in terms of water loss have been demonstrated. The feasibility of GPE in an electrochemical sensor configuration with a mediator embedded in an insulating polymer matrix (ferrocene/polyvinylidene difluoride system) has also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Tombolesi
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Niccolò Zanieri
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Bargnesi
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Mernini
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Lacarbonara
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Catia Arbizzani
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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17
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Wang D, Jin B, Huang J, Yao X, Ren Y, Xu X, Han X, Li F, Zhan X, Zhang Q. Laponite-Supported Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Multiple Lithium-Ion Transport Channels for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37365916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation power systems. However, the high reactivity of lithium metal with liquid electrolytes has resulted in decreased battery safety and stability, which poses a significant challenge. Herein, we present a modified laponite-supported gel polymer electrolyte (LAP@PDOL GPE) that was fabricated using in situ polymerization initiated by a redox-initiating system at ambient temperature. The LAP@PDOL GPE effectively facilitates the dissociation of lithium salts via electrostatic interaction and simultaneously constructs multiple lithium-ion transport channels within the gel polymer network. This hierarchical GPE demonstrates a remarkable ionic conductivity of 5.16 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 30 °C. Furthermore, the robust laponite component of the LAP@PDOL GPE forms a barrier against Li dendrite growth while also participating in the establishment of a stable electrode/electrolyte interface with Si-rich components. The in situ polymerization process further improves the interfacial contact, enabling the LiFePO4/LAP@PDOL GPE/Li cell to exhibit an impressive capacity of 137 mAh g-1 at 1C, with a capacity retention of 98.5% even after 400 cycles. In summary, the developed LAP@PDOL GPE shows great potential in addressing the critical issues of safety and stability associated with lithium metal batteries while also delivering improved electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Biyu Jin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jiao Huang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Xinyu Yao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yongyuan Ren
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Wanxiang A123 Systems Asia Com., Ltd., Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Wanxiang A123 Systems Asia Com., Ltd., Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Fanqun Li
- Wanxiang A123 Systems Asia Com., Ltd., Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
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18
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Yu X, Jiang Z, Yuan R, Song H. A Review of the Relationship between Gel Polymer Electrolytes and Solid Electrolyte Interfaces in Lithium Metal Batteries. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13111789. [PMID: 37299691 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are a dazzling star in electrochemical energy storage thanks to their high energy density and low redox potential. However, LMBs have a deadly lithium dendrite problem. Among the various methods for inhibiting lithium dendrites, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) possess the advantages of good interfacial compatibility, similar ionic conductivity to liquid electrolytes, and better interfacial tension. In recent years, there have been many reviews of GPEs, but few papers discussed the relationship between GPEs and solid electrolyte interfaces (SEIs). In this review, the mechanisms and advantages of GPEs in inhibiting lithium dendrites are first reviewed. Then, the relationship between GPEs and SEIs is examined. In addition, the effects of GPE preparation methods, plasticizer selections, polymer substrates, and additives on the SEI layer are summarized. Finally, the challenges of using GPEs and SEIs in dendrite suppression are listed and a perspective on GPEs and SEIs is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Renlu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huaihe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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19
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Song M, Tian C, Xu X, Huang T, Yu A. In Situ Thermal Polymerization of a Succinonitrile-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:20159-20165. [PMID: 37053470 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
For lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs), the leakage and volatilization of a liquid electrolyte and its poor electrochemical performance are the main reasons for the slow industrial advancement. Searching for more stable electrolyte substrates and reducing the use of liquid solvents are crucial to the development of LOBs. In this work, a well-designed succinonitrile-based (SN) gel polymer electrolyte (GPE-SLFE) is prepared by in situ thermal cross-linking of an ethoxylate trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) monomer. The continuous Li+ transfer channel, formed by the synergistic effect of an SN-based plastic crystal electrolyte and an ETPTA polymer network, endows the GPE-SLFE with a high room-temperature ionic conductivity (1.61 mS cm-1 at 25 °C), a high lithium-ion transference number (tLi+ = 0.489), and excellent long-term stability of the Li/GPE-SLFE/Li symmetric cell at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-2 for over 220 h. Furthermore, cells with the GPE-SLFE exhibit a high discharge specific capacity of 4629.7 mAh g-1 and achieve 40 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Song
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Changhao Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xintong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Aishui Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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20
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Li CC, Wang WP, Feng XX, Wang YH, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zheng JC, Luo Y, Chen Z, Xin S, Guo YG. High-Performance Quasi-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Battery with a Controllably Solidified Cathode-Electrolyte Interface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:19066-19074. [PMID: 37036933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered a promising "beyond Li-ion" energy storage technology. Currently, the practical realization of Li-S batteries is plagued by rapid electrochemical failure of S cathodes due to aggravated polysulfide dissolution and shuttle in the conventional liquid ether-based electrolytes. A gel polymer electrolyte obtained by in situ polymerization of liquid electrolyte solvent at the cathode-electrolyte interface has been proven an effective strategy to prevent polysulfide shuttle. However, notably reduced polysulfide solubility in the gel electrolyte leads to enrichment of poorly conductive sulfide species, which hinders charge migration across the interface and therefore accounts for retarded polysulfide conversion and a low capacity/energy output of batteries. Here, we show that thioacetamide, as a cathode additive, inhibits interfacial polymerization of ether molecules while assisting dissolution of polysulfides and Li2S at the cathode/electrolyte interface. In this way, a layer of liquid, sulfide-soluble electrolyte is preserved between the highly gelled electrolyte and the S particle surface, avoiding interfacial sulfide accumulation and improving polysulfide conversion kinetics. A Li-S battery with the controllably solidified interface demonstrates, without adding other performance-boosting agents or catalysts, a high reversible capacity, a long cycle life, and a favorable rate performance, showing promises for the next-generation storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Cai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Peng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Xi Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Grid Xinjiang Company Limited Electric Power Research Institute, Xinjiang 830013, China
| | - Jin-Chi Zheng
- State Grid Xinjiang Company Limited Electric Power Research Institute, Xinjiang 830013, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Grid Xinjiang Company Limited Electric Power Research Institute, Xinjiang 830013, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Sen Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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21
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Novakov C, Kalinova R, Veleva S, Ublekov F, Dimitrov I, Stoyanova A. Flexible Polymer-Ionic Liquid Films for Supercapacitor Applications. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040338. [PMID: 37102950 PMCID: PMC10137811 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanically and thermally stable novel gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have been prepared and applied in supercapacitor cells. Quasi-solid and flexible films were prepared by solution casting technique and formulated by immobilization of ionic liquids (ILs) differing in their aggregate state. A crosslinking agent and a radical initiator were added to further stabilize them. The physicochemical characteristics of the obtained crosslinked films show that the realized cross-linked structure contributes to their improved mechanical and thermal stability, as well as an order of magnitude higher conductivity than that of the non-crosslinked ones. The obtained GPEs were electrochemically tested as separator in symmetric and hybrid supercapacitor cells and showed good and stable performance in the investigated systems. The crosslinked film is suitable for use as both separator and electrolyte and is promising for the development of high-temperature solid-state supercapacitors with improved capacitance characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo Novakov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radostina Kalinova
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetlana Veleva
- Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 10, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Filip Ublekov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivaylo Dimitrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Antonia Stoyanova
- Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 10, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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22
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Castillo J, Robles-Fernandez A, Cid R, González-Marcos JA, Armand M, Carriazo D, Zhang H, Santiago A. Dehydrofluorination Process of Poly(vinylidene difluoride) PVdF-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes and Its Effect on Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040336. [PMID: 37102948 PMCID: PMC10137538 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are emerging as suitable candidates for high-performing lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) due to their excellent performance and improved safety. Within them, poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVdF) and its derivatives have been widely used as polymer hosts due to their ideal mechanical and electrochemical properties. However, their poor stability with lithium metal (Li0) anode has been identified as their main drawback. Here, the stability of two PVdF-based GPEs with Li0 and their application in LSBs is studied. PVdF-based GPEs undergo a dehydrofluorination process upon contact with the Li0. This process results in the formation of a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase that provides high stability during galvanostatic cycling. Nevertheless, despite their outstanding initial discharge, both GPEs show an unsuitable battery performance characterized by a capacity drop, ascribed to the loss of the lithium polysulfides and their interaction with the dehydrofluorinated polymer host. Through the introduction of an intriguing lithium salt (lithium nitrate) in the electrolyte, a significant improvement is achieved delivering higher capacity retention. Apart from providing a detailed study of the hitherto poorly characterized interaction process between PVdF-based GPEs and the Li0, this study demonstrates the need for an anode protection process to use this type of electrolytes in LSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Castillo
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Adrián Robles-Fernandez
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rosalía Cid
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - José Antonio González-Marcos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Campus de Leioa, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Michel Armand
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Carriazo
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Alexander Santiago
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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23
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Liu G, Ma Z, Li G, Yu W, Wang P, Meng C, Guo S. All-Printed 3D Solid-State Rechargeable Zinc-Air Microbatteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:13073-13085. [PMID: 36866775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight, compact, integrated, and miniaturized energy devices are under high pursuit for portable and wearable electronics. However, improving the energy density per area still remains a long-standing challenge. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of a solid-state zinc-air microbattery (ZAmB) by a facile 3D direct printing technique. The interdigital electrodes, gel electrolyte, and encapsulation frame are all printed with a customized design by optimzing the composition of the printing inks to obtain the best battery performance. Multiple layers of interdigital electrodes are sequentially printed with a fine overlap to achieve an ultrahigh thickness of 2.5 mm for a remarkably increased specific areal energy of up to 77.2 mWh cm-2. To meet the practical powering requirements for different output voltages and currents, battery modules consisting of individual ZAmBs connected in series or parallel or a combination of the two are printed with a facile integration to external loads. Powering of LEDs, digital watch, and a miniature rotary motor and even charging of a smartphone by the printed ZAmB modules are successfully demonstrated. The versatile 3D direct printing technique enables the fabricated ZAmBs with an adjustable form factor and integration capability with other electronics, paving the way for exploring new energy systems with diverse structures and extended functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zhaolei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Guoxian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Chuizhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shijie Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
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24
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Daniels EL, Runge JR, Oshinowo M, Leese HS, Buchard A. Cross-Linking of Sugar-Derived Polyethers and Boronic Acids for Renewable, Self-Healing, and Single-Ion Conducting Organo gel Polymer Electrolytes. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2023; 6:2924-2935. [PMID: 36936513 PMCID: PMC10015429 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c03937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis and characterization of organogels by reaction of a diol-containing polyether, derived from the sugar d-xylose, with 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid (PDBA). The cross-linked materials were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and rheology. The rheological material properties could be tuned: gel or viscoelastic behavior depended on the concentration of polymer, and mechanical stiffness increased with the amount of PDBA cross-linker. Organogels demonstrated self-healing capabilities and recovered their storage and loss moduli instantaneously after application and subsequent strain release. Lithiated organogels were synthesized through incorporation of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) into the cross-linked matrix. These lithium-borate polymer gels showed a high ionic conductivity value of up to 3.71 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C, high lithium transference numbers (t + = 0.88-0.92), and electrochemical stability (4.51 V). The gels were compatible with lithium-metal electrodes, showing stable polarization profiles in plating/stripping tests. This system provides a promising platform for the production of self-healing gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) derived from renewable feedstocks for battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Daniels
- University
of Bath Institute for Sustainability, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Materials
for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - James R. Runge
- University
of Bath Institute for Sustainability, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Matthew Oshinowo
- University
of Bath Institute for Sustainability, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Hannah S. Leese
- University
of Bath Institute for Sustainability, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
- Materials
for Health Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Antoine Buchard
- University
of Bath Institute for Sustainability, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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25
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Wu K, Zhan S, Liu W, Liu X, Ning F, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yi J. Targeted Delivery of Zinc Ion Derived by Pseudopolyrotaxane Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Long-Life Zn Anode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:6839-6847. [PMID: 36700800 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous zinc ion battery is a potential alternative for a stationary energy storage system owing to the inherent properties of the Zn anode. However, the Zn anode suffers from serious Zn dendrite due to the uneven Zn plating. Thus, inspired by the nano-drug delivery to the target site of the tumor cell, it would be a promising strategy to introduce targeted delivery of zinc ion in the electrolyte for even Zn plating. Passive targeted transport plays an important role in nano-drug delivery, which presents the nano-drug would be released by the nano-drug carrier based on polymer to the particular target site. As a proof-of-concept, a pseudopolyrotaxane conducting the nano-drug carrier applied in targeted cancer therapy is employed as the gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) for long-life Zn anodes. The pseudopolyrotaxane is formed by the self-assembling of α-cyclodextrin (CD) and poly(ethylene oxide), where the zinc ion can be absorbed and delivered to the target site of the Zn anode benefiting from the hydrogen-bond. Impressively, even Zn plating can be induced by the hydroxyl groups of CD to inhibit Zn dendrite. Moreover, the hydrogen evolution reaction is suppressed by the GPE. Less produced H2 is detected in the GPE, which is demonstrated by the online mass spectrometry. Thus, the Zn||Zn symmetrical cell based on the GPE exhibits a cycling life of 1370 h. Compared to the one based on aqueous electrolyte, Zn||MnO2 battery based on the GPE shows a higher capacity retention. This work is expected to avail the development of the aqueous zinc ion battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Shengkang Zhan
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Fanghua Ning
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Jin Yi
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
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26
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Xu Z, Liu Z, Gu Z, Zhao X, Guo D, Yao X. Polyimide-Based Solid-State Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries with a Long-Cycling Life. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:7014-7022. [PMID: 36706135 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-air batteries have attracted wide interest owing to their ultrahigh theoretical energy densities, particularly for lithium-oxygen batteries. One of the challenges inhibiting the practical application of lithium-oxygen batteries is the unavoidable liquid electrolyte evaporation accompanying oxygen fluxion in the semi-open system, which leads to safety issues and poor cyclic performance. To address these issues, we propose a solid-state polyimide based gel polymer electrolyte (PI@GPE), immobilizing and reserving a liquid electrolyte in the gelled polymer substrate. The liquid electrolyte uptake of PI@GPE is measured to be 842%, 6 times higher than that of the commercial glass fiber separator, contributing to a high ionic conductivity of 0.44 mS cm-1. Additionally, PI@GPE possesses an enhanced lithium transference number of 0.596 as well as superior interfacial compatibility with lithium metals. Under 0.1 mA cm-2 and 0.25 mA h cm-2, PI@GPE-based lithium-oxygen batteries demonstrate distinguished long-cycling stability of 366 cycles, 4 times more than that with a glass fiber separator and liquid electrolyte. Our work provides a unique solid-state gel polymer electrolyte to mitigate liquid electrolyte leakage, exhibiting promising potential application in highly safe lithium-oxygen batteries with a long-cycling life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Xu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, P. R. China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Gu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, P. R. China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Dingcheng Guo
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, P. R. China
| | - Xiayin Yao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, P. R. China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
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27
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Fan X, Wang H, Liu X, Liu J, Zhao N, Zhong C, Hu W, Lu J. Functionalized Nanocomposite Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Strong Alkaline-Tolerance and High Zinc Anode Stability for Ultralong-Life Flexible Zinc-Air Batteries. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2209290. [PMID: 36455877 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing pursuit of next-generation wearable electronics has put forward the demand of reliable energy devices with high flexibility, durability, and enhanced electrochemical performances. Flexible aqueous zinc-air batteries (FAZABs) have attracted great interests owing to the high energy density, safety, and environmental benignity, for which quasi-solid-state gel polymer electrolytes (QSGPEs) are state-of-the-art electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, flexibility, and resistance to leakage problems of traditional liquid electrolytes. Compared to commonly used PVA-KOH electrolyte with poor electrolyte retention capability and cycling stability, a new type of sulfonate functionalized nanocomposite QSGPE is applied in FAZABs with high ionic conductivity, strong alkaline tolerance, and high zinc anode stability. Notably, the existence of (1) strong anionic sulfonate groups of QSGPEs, contributing to the exposure of preferred Zn (002) plane that is more resistant to zinc dendrite formation, and (2) nano-attapulgite electrolyte additives, beneficial for the enhancement of ionic conductivity, electrolyte uptake, and retention capability, endows a ultralong cycling life of 450 h for the fabricated FAZAB. Furthermore, flexible energy belts and knittable energy wires fabricated with a series/parallel unit of several FAZABs can be used to power various wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haozhi Wang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Naiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Material, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Material, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Material, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
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Song J, Liao K, Si J, Zhao C, Wang J, Zhou M, Liang H, Gong J, Cheng YJ, Gao J, Xia Y. Phosphonate-Functionalized Ionic Liquid Gel Polymer Electrolyte with High Safety for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:2901-2910. [PMID: 36602816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The conventional lithium-ion battery technology relies on the liquid carbonate-based electrolyte solution, which causes excessive side reactions, serious risk of electrolyte leakage, high flammability, and significant safety hazards. In this work, phosphonate-functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid (PFIL) is synthesized and used as a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) to replace the organic carbonate-based electrolyte solution. The as-prepared ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolyte (IL-GPE) shows low crystallinity, flame retardance, and excellent electrochemical performance. Thanks to the fast double channel transport of lithium ions in the IL-GPE electrolyte, a high ionic conductivity of 0.48 mS cm-1 and a lithium-ion transference number of 0.37 are exhibited. Symmetrical lithium cells with IL-GPE retain stable cycling even after 3000 h under 0.1 mA cm-2. IL-GPE exhibits good compatibility toward lithium metal, yielding excellent long-term electrochemical kinetic stability. IL-GPE induces the formation of a uniform and robust SEI layer, inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites and improving the rate performance and cycle stability. Furthermore, Li/LiFePO4 cells exhibit a specific capacity of 63 mA h g-1 after 150 cycles at 5.0 C, with a capacity retention of 90.2%. It is foreseen that this GPE is a promising candidate to enhance the safety of high-performance lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Song
- The School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo315211, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Kaisi Liao
- The School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo315211, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jia Si
- The School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo315211, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Chuanli Zhao
- The School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo315211, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Junping Wang
- The School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo315211, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Mingjiong Zhou
- The School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo315211, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongze Liang
- The School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo315211, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Gong
- Ningbo Sci-Tech Information and Development Strategy Institute, 999 Yangfan Road, Hi-tech Zone, Ningbo315100, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Cheng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo315201, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo315201, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Xia
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo315201, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
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Xia J, Gao R, Yang Y, Tao Z, Han Z, Zhang S, Xing Y, Yang P, Lu X, Zhou G. Ti nO 2n-1/MXene Hierarchical Bifunctional Catalyst Anchored on Graphene Aerogel toward Flexible and High-Energy Li-S Batteries. ACS Nano 2022; 16:19133-19144. [PMID: 36331433 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with high-energy density, flexibility, and safety is very appealing for emerging implantable devices, biomonitoring, and roll-up displays. Nevertheless, the poor cycling stability and flexibility of the existing sulfur cathodes, flammable liquid electrolytes, and extremely reactive lithium anodes raise serious battery performance degradation and safety issues. Herein, a metallic 1T MoS2 and rich oxygen vacancies TinO2n-1/MXene hierarchical bifunctional catalyst (Mo-Ti/Mx) anchored on a reduced graphene oxide-cellulose nanofiber (GN) host (Mo-Ti/Mx-GN) was proposed to address the above challenges. By applying a directional freezing process, the hierarchical architecture of a flexible GN scaffold composed of waved multiarch morphology with long-range alignment is achieved. The synergetic effects of 1T MoS2 and TinO2n-1/MXene are beneficial to suppress the shuttling behavior of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), expedite the redox kinetics of sulfur species, and promote the electrocatalytic reduction of LiPSs to Li2S. The electrode demonstrates improved electrochemical properties with high sulfur-mass loading (8.4 mgs cm-2) and lean electrolyte (7.6 μL mgs-1) operation. We also explored the feasibility of producing pouch cells with such flexible electrodes, gel polymer electrolytes, and a robust lithium anode, which exhibited reversible energy storage and output, wide temperature adaptability, and good safety against rigorous strikes, implying the potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
| | - Runhua Gao
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen518055, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen518107, PR China
| | - Zheng Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen518055, PR China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
| | - Yalan Xing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
| | - Puheng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
- School of Physics Science and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, PR China
| | - Xia Lu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen518107, PR China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen518055, PR China
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Zhang X, Gao G, Wang W, Wang J, Wang L, Liu T. Synergy of an In Situ-Polymerized Electrolyte and a Li 3N-LiF-Reinforced Interface Enables Long-Term Operation of Li-Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:49811-49819. [PMID: 36287550 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The long-term operation of a Li-metal anode remains a great challenge due to the severe dendrite growth in an organic liquid electrolyte. To protect a Li-anode surface from continuous corrosion by an electrolyte, a consistent and robust solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is an essential prerequisite. This work proposes a secure gel polymer electrolyte, which is in situ constructed via a facile polymerization process of vinylidene carbonate inside Li-metal batteries. The liquid components that are not involved in polymerization are well entrapped in the poly(vinyl carbonate) framework, leading to a high oxidative stability of up to 4.5 V (vs Li/Li+). A Li3N-LiF-reinforced SEI resulting from the reduction of fluoroethylene carbonate and lithium nitrate additives has a synergistic effect on the suppression of Li-dendrite growth. The densely packed Li deposition behavior is revealed by in situ/ex situ microscopic observations. Steady cycling of over 2500 h with a relatively low voltage hysteresis is achieved by the Li||Li symmetric cells. A Coulombic efficiency above 96% upon long-term cycling is available for the asymmetric Li||Cu cells. The smooth operation of batteries with commercial LiFePO4 cathodes further indicates that the SEI with homogeneity in composition and structure prompts Li deposition with alleviative dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Guixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
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31
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Liu M, Xie W, Li B, Wang Y, Li G, Zhang S, Wen Y, Qiu J, Chen J, Zhao P. Garnet Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12-Based Solid-State Lithium Batteries Achieved by In Situ Thermally Polymerized Gel Polymer Electrolyte. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:43116-43126. [PMID: 36121712 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a potential solid electrolyte for solid-state batteries (SSBs) because of its high ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and mechanical strength. However, large interface resistances arising from deserted cathodes and rigid garnet/electrode interfaces block its application. In order to deal with this issue, a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was introduced into the cathode and both sides of LLZO to achieve a solid-state battery. Especially, the provided GPE could be thermally polymerized and solidified in situ, which would integrate LLZO with both anode and cathode and dramatically simplify the battery manufacturing process. Since the interface from rigid LLZO is improved by the flexible GPE buffer, the inability of flexible GPE to inhibit lithium dendrites is compensated by the rigid LLZO in return. As a result, the interface resistances are reduced from 6880 to 473 Ω, the Li symmetric cell exhibits a flat galvanostatic charge/discharge for 400 h without lithium dendrites, and the solid-state Li|GPE@LLZO|LiCoO2 battery exerts a capacity retention of 82.6% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C at room temperature. Such an interfacial engineering approach represents a promising strategy to address solid-solid interface issues and provides a new design for SSBs with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenhao Xie
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guangqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Songtong Zhang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuehua Wen
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyi Qiu
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Energy Storage Technology and Materials, Beijing 100191, China
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32
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Gao X, Yuan W, Yang Y, Wu Y, Wang C, Wu X, Zhang X, Yuan Y, Tang Y, Chen Y, Yang C, Zhao B. High-Performance and Highly Safe Solvate Ionic Liquid-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte by Rapid UV-Curing for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:43397-43406. [PMID: 36102960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing ionic liquids (ILs) with low flammability as the precursor component for a gel polymer electrolyte is a smart strategy out of safety concerns. Solvate ionic liquids (SILs) consist of equimolar lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and tetraglyme, alleviating the main problems of high viscosity and low Li+ conductivity of conventional ILs. In this study, within a very short time of 30 s, a SIL turns immobile using efficient and controllable UV-curing with an ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) network, forming a homogeneous SIL-based gel polymer electrolyte (SGPE) with enhanced thermal stability (216 °C), robust mechanical strength (compression modulus: 1.701 MPa), and high ionic conductivity (0.63 mS cm-1 at room temperature). A Li|SGPE|LiFePO4 cell demonstrates high charge/discharge reversibility and cycling stability with a capacity retention rate of 99.7% after 750 cycles and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%, owing to its excellent electrochemical compatibility with Li-metal. A close-contact electrode/electrolyte interface is formed by in situ curing of the electrolyte on the electrode surface, which enables the pouch full cell to work stably under the conditions of cutting/bending. In view of the excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrochemical performances of SGPE, it is believed to be a promising gel polymer electrolyte for constructing high-safety lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Gao
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yaopeng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuyang Wu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuhang Yuan
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chenghao Yang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bote Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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33
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Shen Z, Zhong J, Jiang S, Xie W, Zhan S, Lin K, Zeng L, Hu H, Lin G, Lin Y, Sun S, Shi Z. Polyacrylonitrile Porous Membrane-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte by In Situ Free-Radical Polymerization for Stable Li Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:41022-41036. [PMID: 36044767 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of their high ionic conductivity, utilizing gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) is thought to be an effective way to accomplish high-energy-density batteries. Nevertheless, most GPEs have poor adaptability to Ni-rich cathodes to alleviate the problem of inevitable rapid capacity decay during cycling. Therefore, to match LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), we applied pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA) monomers to polymerize in situ in a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane to obtain GPEs (PETEA-TCGG-PAN). The impedance variations and key groups during the in situ polymerization of PETEA-TCGG-PAN are investigated in detail. PETEA-TCGG-PAN with a high lithium-ion transference number (0.77) exhibits an electrochemical decomposition voltage of 5.15 V. Noticeably, the NCM811|PETEA-TCGG-PAN|Li battery can cycle at 2C for 120 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 89%. Even at 6C, the discharge specific capacity is able to reach 101.47 mAh g-1. The combination of LiF and Li2CO3 at the CEI interface is the reason for the improved rate performance. Moreover, when commercialized LFP is used as the cathode, the battery can also cycle stably for 150 cycles at 0.5C. PETEA and PAN can together foster the transportation of Li+ with the construction of a fast ion transport channel, making a contribution to stable charge-discharge of the above batteries. This study provides an innovative design philosophy for designing in situ GPEs in high-energy-density lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichuan Shen
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiyong Jiang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wenhao Xie
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiying Zhan
- Gree Altairnano Energy Co., Ltd, No. 16, Jinhu Road, Qingwan Industrial Park, Jinwan District, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province 519041, China
| | - Kaiji Lin
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Linyong Zeng
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hailing Hu
- Gree Altairnano Energy Co., Ltd, No. 16, Jinhu Road, Qingwan Industrial Park, Jinwan District, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province 519041, China
| | - Guide Lin
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuhan Lin
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Zhicong Shi
- Institute of Batteries, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Fu Y, Chen Y, Zhou L. Comonomer-Tuned Gel Electrolyte Enables Ultralong Cycle Life of Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:40871-40880. [PMID: 36040104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered the "holy grail" of energy storage systems. Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic lithium growth inherent in these batteries has prevented their practical applications. The benefits of solid-state electrolyte for LMBs are limited due to the common compromise between ionic conductivity and mechanical property. This work proposes a mechanism for simultaneous improvement in ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) which is based on tunable cross-linked polymer network through adjusting monomer ratios. With increasing bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate (E2BADMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) mass ratios in GPE precursors, the formed polymer network experienced a composition evolution from a 3D cross-linked mono PEGDA network to triple PEGDA, E2BADMA, and PEGDA/E2BADMA networks and then to dual E2BADMA and PEGDA/E2BADMA networks, accompanied by the increase in both storage modulus (from 6 to 37 MPa) and ionic conductivity (from 0.06 to 0.44 mS cm-1). As a result, the E2BADMA/PEGDA mass ratio of 2:1 facilitates the successful fabrication of a dual-network-supported GPE (PEEPL-12) with a mechanical strength of 37 MPa and superior electrochemical properties (a high ionic conductivity of 0.44 mS cm-1 and a wide electrochemical stability window of 4.85 V vs Li/Li+). Such polymer electrolyte-based symmetric lithium metal batteries delivered a long cycle life (2000 h at 0.1 mA cm-2 and 0.1 mAh cm-2), and the Li|PEEPL-12|LiFePO4 cell delivered a high capacity of 140 mAh g-1 at the 100th cycle at the current density of 0.1 C (1 C = 170 mAh g-1). A more thorough investigation indicated the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase layer on a lithium metal anode. These extraordinary features open up a venue for fabrication of advanced polymer electrolyte for long-cycle-life lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Shen Zhen 518055 Guang Dong, China
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Zhangwu Road 100, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Shen Zhen 518055 Guang Dong, China
| | - Limin Zhou
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Shen Zhen 518055 Guang Dong, China
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35
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Xu Z, Guo D, Liu Z, Wang Z, Gu Z, Wang D, Yao X. Cellulose Acetate-Based High-Electrolyte-Uptake Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Semi-Solid-State Lithium-Oxygen Battery with Long-Cycling Stability. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200712. [PMID: 36042542 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The lithium-oxygen battery has inspired great research interests owing to its ultrahigh theoretical energy density and has been considered as one of the promising secondary batteries. However, there are still some challenges in its practical application, like liquid organic electrolyte evaporation in the semi-open system and instability in the high-voltage oxidizing environment. In this work, a cellulose acetate-based gel polymer electrolyte (CA@GPE) is proposed, whose cross-linked microporous structure ensures the ultrahigh liquid electrolyte uptake of 2391%. The prepared CA@GPE exhibits a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.595, a satisfying ionic conductivity of 0.47 mS cm -1 and a wide electrochemical stability window up to 5.0 V. The Li//Li symmetric cell employing CA@GPE could cycle stably over 1200 h. The lithium-oxygen battery with CA@GPE presents a superb cycling lifetime of 370 cycles at 0.1 mA cm -2 under 0.25 mAh cm -2 . This work offers a possible strategy to realize long-cycling stability lithium-oxygen batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Xu
- Shanghai University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Dingcheng Guo
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences: Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of New Energy Technology, CHINA
| | - Ziqiang Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences: Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of New Energy Technology, CHINA
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences: Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of New Energy Technology, CHINA
| | - Zhi Gu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences: Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of New Energy Technology, CHINA
| | - Da Wang
- Shanghai University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xiayin Yao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences: Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219,West Zhongguan Road, 315201, Ningbo, CHINA
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36
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Li G, Feng Y, Zhu J, Mo C, Cai Q, Liao Y, Li W. Achieving a Highly Stable Electrode/Electrolyte Interface for a Nickel-Rich Cathode via an Additive-Containing Gel Polymer Electrolyte. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:36656-36667. [PMID: 35925802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nickel-rich cathode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) is deemed as a prospective material for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its merits of high discharge capacity and low cobalt content. However, the unsatisfactory cyclic stability and thermostability that originate from the unstable electrode/electrolyte interface restrict its commercial application. Herein, a novel electrolyte composed of a polyethylene (PE) supported poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VdF-HFP)) based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) strengthened by a film-forming additive of 3-(trimethylsilyl)phenylboronic acid (TMSPB) is proposed. The porous structure and good oxidative stability of the P(VdF-HFP)/PE membrane help to expand the oxidative potential of GPE to 5.5 V compared with 5.1 V for the liquid electrolyte. The developed GPE also has better thermal stability, contributing to improving the safety performance of LIBs. Furthermore, the TMSPB additive constructs a low-impedance and stable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the NCM811 cathode surface, compensating for GPE's drawbacks of sluggish kinetics. Consequently, the NCM811 cathode matched with 3% TMSPB-containing GPE exhibits remarkable cyclicity and rate capability, maintaining 94% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles at a high voltage range of 3.0-4.35 V and delivering a capacity of 133.5 mAh g-1 under 15 C high current rate compared with 68% and 75.8 mAh g-1 for the one with an additive-free liquid electrolyte. By virtue of the enhanced stability of the NCM811cathode, the cyclability of graphite||NCM811 full cell also increases from 48 to 81% after 100 cycles. The incorporation of P(VdF-HFP)-based GPE and TMSPB electrolyte additive points out a viable and convenient pathway to unlock the properties of high energy density and satisfactory safety for next-generation LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Li
- School of Chemistry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of MPTES in High Energy and Safety LIBs, Engineering Research Center of MTEES (Ministry of Education), and Key Lab. of ETESPG(GHEI), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yun Feng
- School of Chemistry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of MPTES in High Energy and Safety LIBs, Engineering Research Center of MTEES (Ministry of Education), and Key Lab. of ETESPG(GHEI), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- School of Chemistry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of MPTES in High Energy and Safety LIBs, Engineering Research Center of MTEES (Ministry of Education), and Key Lab. of ETESPG(GHEI), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changyong Mo
- School of Chemistry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of MPTES in High Energy and Safety LIBs, Engineering Research Center of MTEES (Ministry of Education), and Key Lab. of ETESPG(GHEI), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qinqin Cai
- School of Chemistry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of MPTES in High Energy and Safety LIBs, Engineering Research Center of MTEES (Ministry of Education), and Key Lab. of ETESPG(GHEI), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Youhao Liao
- School of Chemistry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of MPTES in High Energy and Safety LIBs, Engineering Research Center of MTEES (Ministry of Education), and Key Lab. of ETESPG(GHEI), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weishan Li
- School of Chemistry, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of MPTES in High Energy and Safety LIBs, Engineering Research Center of MTEES (Ministry of Education), and Key Lab. of ETESPG(GHEI), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Wu K, Cui J, Yi J, Liu X, Ning F, Liu Y, Zhang J. Biodegradable Gel Electrolyte Suppressing Water-Induced Issues for Long-Life Zinc Metal Anodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:34612-34619. [PMID: 35867002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the inherent properties of aqueous electrolytes, aqueous zinc-ion batteries are considered to be a promising energy storage system. Unfortunately, the water-induced issues, such as hydrogen evolution and corrosion reaction, inevitably occur on the Zn anode surface during cycling, which leads to poor electrochemical performance. The gel polymer electrolyte would reduce the parasitic reactions associated with water. However, the nondegradable polymer is harmful to the environment. Herein, with the aim to alleviate the serious issues derived from water and environmental problems, a biodegradable gum arabic has been proposed to serve as a hydrogel electrolyte for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. The electrochemical activity of water could be reduced by the hydrogen-bond network between the gum arabic and water. Thus, the corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can be restrained by employing the prepared gel electrolyte. Evidenced by the online mass spectrometry, it is found that the less produced H2 is detected in the biodegradable gel electrolyte-based Zn||Zn symmetric cell during the processes of Zn plating/stripping, showing the inhibited HER. Moreover, the by-product on the Zn anode is barely observed during cycling when using the obtained gel electrolyte. Uniform zinc-ion distribution can be achieved to mitigate Zn dendrite growth in the gel electrolyte. Therefore, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell based on the gel electrolyte exhibits a long lifespan of more than 1300 h, which is longer than that in the aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, the Zn||LiFePO4 hybrid ion battery based on the gel electrolyte shows improved capacity retention by suppressing the reactions related to water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jin Cui
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jin Yi
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fanghua Ning
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Liu Q, Tan J, Liu Z, Hu X, Yu J, Wang X, Wu J, Cai B, Wang Q, Fu Y, Liu H, Li B. Transference Number Reinforced-Based Gel Copolymer Electrolyte for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:26612-26621. [PMID: 35638839 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The progress of electric vehicles is highly inhibited by the limited energy density and growth of dendrite Li in current power batteries. Breakthroughs and improvements in electrolyte chemistry are highlighted to directly address the above issues, namely, the development of electrolytes with a high lithium-ion transference number (tLi+), enabling one to effectively restrict the concentration polarization during repetitious cycling. Herein, we propose a novel ether-based copolymer-based gel polymer electrolyte (ECP-based GPE) by in situ copolymerization as an intriguing strategy to achieve a high tLi+ of ∼0.64. Molecular dynamics simulations and finite element method analyses illustrate the enhanced Li+ diffusion process (DLi+, ∼1.76 × 10-10 m2 s-1) in ECP-based GPE with a homogeneous electric potential accommodated around the lithium metal anode. Therefore, such a high-tLi+-based electrolyte renders a high reversibility of dendrite-free lithium plating/stripping at a high areal capacity (5 mA cm-2/5 mA h cm-2) in an Li||Li symmetric cell and facilitates superior cycling performances (over 1000 cycles) at a high rate (5 C) with a capacity retention of ∼91.1% in Li||LiFePO4 batteries, promoting the practical application of solid-state lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junru Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Biya Cai
- Guangdong TeamGiant New Energy Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Guangdong TeamGiant New Energy Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Yongzhu Fu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Green M, Kaydanik K, Orozco M, Hanna L, Marple MAT, Fessler KAS, Jones WB, Stavila V, Ward PA, Teprovich JA. Closo-Borate Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Remarkable Electrochemical Stability and a Wide Operating Temperature Window. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2106032. [PMID: 35393776 PMCID: PMC9165492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in the pursuit of higher-energy-density lithium batteries for carbon-neutral-mobility is electrolyte compatibility with a lithium metal electrode. This study demonstrates the robust and stable nature of a closo-borate based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), which enables outstanding electrochemical stability and capacity retention upon extensive cycling. The GPE developed herein has an ionic conductivity of 7.3 × 10-4 S cm-2 at room temperature and stability over a wide temperature range from -35 to 80 °C with a high lithium transference number ( tLi+$t_{{\rm{Li}}}^ + $ = 0.51). Multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared are used to understand the solvation environment and interaction between the GPE components. Density functional theory calculations are leveraged to gain additional insight into the coordination environment and support spectroscopic interpretations. The GPE is also established to be a suitable electrolyte for extended cycling with four different active electrode materials when paired with a lithium metal electrode. The GPE can also be incorporated into a flexible battery that is capable of being cut and still functional. The incorporation of a closo-borate into a gel polymer matrix represents a new direction for enhancing the electrochemical and physical properties of this class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Green
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryCalifornia State University Northridge18111 Nordhoff St.NorthridgeCA91330USA
| | - Katty Kaydanik
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryCalifornia State University Northridge18111 Nordhoff St.NorthridgeCA91330USA
| | - Miguel Orozco
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryCalifornia State University Northridge18111 Nordhoff St.NorthridgeCA91330USA
| | - Lauren Hanna
- Advanced Manufacturing and Energy ScienceSavannah River National LaboratoryAikenSC29803USA
| | - Maxwell A. T. Marple
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA94551USA
| | | | - Willis B. Jones
- Spectroscopy Separations and Material CharacterizationSavannah River National LaboratoryAikenSC29803USA
| | - Vitalie Stavila
- Energy NanomaterialsSandia National LaboratoryLivermoreCA94551USA
| | - Patrick A. Ward
- Advanced Manufacturing and Energy ScienceSavannah River National LaboratoryAikenSC29803USA
| | - Joseph A. Teprovich
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryCalifornia State University Northridge18111 Nordhoff St.NorthridgeCA91330USA
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Mouraliraman D, Shaji N, Praveen S, Nanthagopal M, Ho CW, Varun Karthik M, Kim T, Lee CW. Thermally Stable PVDF-HFP-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:1056. [PMID: 35407173 PMCID: PMC9000264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has paved the way to powering futuristic technological applications such as hybrid electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. Despite their multiple advantages, non-aqueous liquid electrolytes (LEs) possess certain drawbacks, such as plasticizers with flammable ethers and esters, electrochemical instability, and fluctuations in the active voltage scale, which limit the safety and working span of the batteries. However, these shortcomings can be rectified using GPEs, which result in the enhancement of functional properties such as thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability; electrolyte uptake; and ionic conductivity. Thus, we report on PVDF-HFP/PMMA/PVAc-based GPEs comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) host polymers and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) as a guest polymer. A physicochemical characterization of the polymer membrane with GPE was conducted, and the electrochemical performance of the NCM811/Li half-cell with GPE was evaluated. The GPE exhibited an ionic conductivity of 4.24 × 10-4 S cm-1, and the NCM811/Li half-cell with GPE delivered an initial specific discharge capacity of 204 mAh g-1 at a current rate of 0.1 C. The cells exhibited excellent cyclic performance with 88% capacity retention after 50 cycles. Thus, this study presents a promising strategy for maintaining capacity retention, safety, and stable cyclic performance in rechargeable LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanadane Mouraliraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Korea; (D.M.); (N.S.); (S.P.); (M.N.); (C.W.H.); (M.V.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Nitheesha Shaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Korea; (D.M.); (N.S.); (S.P.); (M.N.); (C.W.H.); (M.V.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Sekar Praveen
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Korea; (D.M.); (N.S.); (S.P.); (M.N.); (C.W.H.); (M.V.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Murugan Nanthagopal
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Korea; (D.M.); (N.S.); (S.P.); (M.N.); (C.W.H.); (M.V.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Chang Won Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Korea; (D.M.); (N.S.); (S.P.); (M.N.); (C.W.H.); (M.V.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Murugesan Varun Karthik
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Korea; (D.M.); (N.S.); (S.P.); (M.N.); (C.W.H.); (M.V.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Korea; (D.M.); (N.S.); (S.P.); (M.N.); (C.W.H.); (M.V.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Korea; (D.M.); (N.S.); (S.P.); (M.N.); (C.W.H.); (M.V.K.); (T.K.)
- Center for the SMART Energy Platform, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Korea
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González-Gil RM, Borràs M, Chbani A, Abitbol T, Fall A, Aulin C, Aucher C, Martínez-Crespiera S. Sustainable and Printable Nanocellulose-Based Ionogels as Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Supercapacitors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:273. [PMID: 35055290 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based supercapacitor with an ionic conductivity up to 0.32–0.94 mS cm−2 has been synthesized from a mixture of an ionic liquid (IL) with nanocellulose (NC). The new NC-ionogel was prepared by combining the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate (EMIMP) with carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibers (CNFc) at different ratios (CNFc ratio from 1 to 4). The addition of CNFc improved the ionogel properties to become easily printable onto the electrode surface. The new GPE based supercapacitor cell showed good electrochemical performance with specific capacitance of 160 F g−1 and an equivalent series resistance (ESR) of 10.2 Ω cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. The accessibility to the full capacitance of the device is demonstrated after the addition of CNFc in EMIMP compared to the pristine EMIMP (99 F g−1 and 14.7 Ω cm−2).
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Jiao X, Wang J, Gao G, Zhang X, Fu C, Wang L, Wang Y, Liu T. Stable Li-Metal Batteries Enabled by in Situ Gelation of an Electrolyte and In-Built Fluorinated Solid Electrolyte Interface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:60054-60062. [PMID: 34879648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) are the focus of upcoming energy storage systems with extremely high-energy density. However, the leakage of liquid electrolyte and the uncontrollable dendritic Li growth on the surface of the Li anode lead to their low reversibility and safety risks. Herein, we propose a stable quasi-solid LMB with in situ gelation of liquid electrolyte and an in-built fluorinated solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the Li anode. The gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is readily constructed via cationic polymerization between lithium hexafluorophosphate and ether electrolyte. The fluorine-containing additive, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), plays a crucial role in the building of a dense SEI with fast interfacial charge transport. The ex situ spectroscopic characterizations suggest that the enhanced LiF species in the SEI with the addition of FEC and the in situ optical microscopy reveal the inhibited dendritic Li growth. Moreover, GPE@FEC exhibits a high oxidative stability beyond 5.0 V (vs Li/Li+). The significantly improved Li plating/stripping efficiency (400 cycles, 98.7%) is presented for the Li∥Cu cells equipped with GPE@FEC. Decent cycling stability is also available for the cells with the LiFePO4 cathode, reflecting the feasibility of GPE@FEC for practical LMBs with enhanced stability and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Cuimei Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Wang C, Zhang D, Yue J, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zhang T, Chen C, Fei T. Optical Waveguide Sensors for Measuring Human Temperature and Humidity with Gel Polymer Electrolytes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:60384-60392. [PMID: 34894646 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, multimodal responsive optical waveguide sensors using a stable cross-linking gel polymer electrolyte are successfully designed and fabricated by bottom metal-printing technology. Temperature and humidity sensing characterization based on the polymer electrolyte is simulated and analyzed. The multimodal responsive properties of the photonic chip are defined based on the analysis of ion relaxation dynamics: optical phase variable to monitor temperature and optical attenuation variable to detect humidity. In the supervising temperature (36.0-38.0 °C) and relative humidity (45-65%) range, the temperature and humidity sensitivities of the device are measured as 0.5π rad/°C and 1.14 dB/% RH, respectively. The fast-response time for both temperature and humidity of the multifunctional sensor can be obtained as 4.21 ms and 1.32 s, respectively. These findings provide a feasible scheme for the design and application of temperature and humidity sensors in potential medical treatment. From gel polymer electrolytes to multimode monitoring applications, the application exploration of high stability and ultrafast response multimode waveguide sensors is gradually being carried out. This study has great significance for the comprehensive monitoring of sophisticated human physical signs by multimodal responsive waveguide sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Daming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xucheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhenlin Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Changming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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Velez AAI, Reyes E, Diaz-Barrios A, Santos F, Fernández Romero AJ, Tafur JP. Properties of the PVA-VAVTD KOH Blend as a Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Zinc Batteries. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040256. [PMID: 34940316 PMCID: PMC8702166 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rechargeable zinc-air batteries are promising for energy storage and portable electronic applications because of their good safety, high energy density, material abundance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. A series of alkaline gel polymer electrolytes formed from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and different amounts of terpolymer composed of butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, and vinyl neodecanoate (VAVTD) was synthesized applying a solution casting technique. The thin films were doped with KOH 12M, providing a higher amount of water and free ions inside the electrolyte matrix. The inclusion of VAVTD together with the PVA polymer improved several of the electrical properties of the PVA-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and attenuated total reflectance- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) tests, confirming that PVA chains rearrange depending on the VAVTD content and improving the amorphous region. The most conducting electrolyte film was the test specimen 1:4 (PVA-VAVTD) soaked in KOH solution, reaching a conductivity of 0.019 S/cm at room temperature. The temperature dependence of the conductivity agrees with the Arrhenius equation and activation energy of ~0.077 eV resulted, depending on the electrolyte composition. In addition, the cyclic voltammetry study showed a current intensity increase at higher VAVTD content, reaching values of 310 mA. Finally, these gel polymer electrolytes were tested in Zn-air batteries, obtaining capacities of 165 mAh and 195 mAh for PVA-T4 and PVA-T5 sunk in KOH, respectively, at a discharge current of -5 mA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson A. Iles Velez
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui 100650, Ecuador; (A.A.I.V.); (E.R.); (A.D.-B.)
| | - Edwin Reyes
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui 100650, Ecuador; (A.A.I.V.); (E.R.); (A.D.-B.)
| | - Antonio Diaz-Barrios
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui 100650, Ecuador; (A.A.I.V.); (E.R.); (A.D.-B.)
| | - Florencio Santos
- Grupo de Materiales Avanzados para la Producción y Almacenamiento de Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Aulario II, Campus de Alfonso XIII, 30203 Cartagena, Spain;
| | - Antonio J. Fernández Romero
- Grupo de Materiales Avanzados para la Producción y Almacenamiento de Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Aulario II, Campus de Alfonso XIII, 30203 Cartagena, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.J.F.R.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Juan P. Tafur
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui 100650, Ecuador; (A.A.I.V.); (E.R.); (A.D.-B.)
- Grupo de Materiales Avanzados para la Producción y Almacenamiento de Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Aulario II, Campus de Alfonso XIII, 30203 Cartagena, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.J.F.R.); (J.P.T.)
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45
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Wang D, Cai D, Zhong Y, Jiang Z, Zhang S, Xia X, Wang X, Tu J. A Three-Dimensional Electrospun Li 6.4La 3Zr 1.4Ta 0.6O 12-Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride-Hexafluoropropylene) Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Rechargeable Solid-State Lithium Ion Batteries. Front Chem 2021; 9:751476. [PMID: 34671592 PMCID: PMC8522983 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.751476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing high-quality solid-state electrolytes is important for producing next-generation safe and stable solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a three-dimensional highly porous polymer electrolyte based on poly (vinylidenefluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) with Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) nanoparticle fillers (PVDF-HFP-LLZTO) is prepared using the electrospinning technique. The PVDF-HFP-LLZTO gel polymer electrolyte possesses a high ionic conductivity of 9.44 × 10–4 S cm−1 and a Li-ion transference number of 0.66, which can be ascribed that the 3D hierarchical nanostructure with abundant porosity promotes the liquid electrolyte uptake and wetting, and LLZTO nanoparticles fillers decrease the crystallinity of PVDF-HFP. Thus, the solid-state lithium battery with LiFePO4 cathode, PVDF-HFP-LLZTO electrolyte, and Li metal anode exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance with improved cycling stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
| | - Dan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengzhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinagping Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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46
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Zhang H, Lu H, Chen J, Nuli Y, Wang J. A Novel Filler for Gel Polymer Electrolyte with a High Lithium-Ion Transference Number toward Stable Cycling for Lithium-Metal Anodes in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:48622-48633. [PMID: 34619956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the lithium metal is considered as the most promising anode for high energy density batteries, uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth and continuous side reactions with electrolyte hinder its practical applications for rechargeable batteries. Herein, we prepared a gel polymer electrolyte by synthesizing a novel 250 nm filler (KMgF3), which is greatly beneficial to the formation of a uniformly deposited lithium-metal anode. This is due to the regulation effect of KMgF3 that double the lithium-ion transference number up to 0.63 and adjust the solid electrolyte interphase layer full of dense LiF and flexible polycarbonates, which greatly reduces the side reactions on the lithium-metal surface and inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites. Consequently, the composite gel polymer electrolyte guarantees a stable long cycle performance of more than 1400 h with 1 mA h cm-2 for symmetric cells. Moreover, the composite gel polymer electrolyte demonstrates high compatibility and great promise for rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huichao Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiahang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanna Nuli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
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47
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Zhou T, Zhao Y, Choi JW, Coskun A. Ionic Liquid Functionalized Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22791-22796. [PMID: 34379356 PMCID: PMC8518060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metallic lithium (Li) is regarded as the ideal anode material in lithium-ion batteries due to its low electrochemical potential, highest theoretical energy density and low density. There are, however, still significant challenges to be addressed such as Li-dendrite growth and low interfacial stability, which impede the practical application of Li metal anodes. In order to circumvent these shortcomings, herein, we present a gel polymer electrolyte containing imidazolium ionic liquid end groups with a perfluorinated alkyl chain (F-IL) to achieve both high ionic conductivity and Li ion transference number by fundamentally altering the solubility of salt within the gel electrolyte through Lewis-acidic segments in the polymer backbone. Moreover, the presence of F-IL moieties decreased the binding affinity of Li cation towards the glycol chains, enabling a rapid transfer of Li cation within the gel network. These structural features enabled the immobilization of anions on the ionic liquid segments to alleviate the space-charge effect while promoting stronger anion coordination and weaker cation coordination in the Lewis-acidic polymers. Accordingly, we realized a high Li ion conductivity (9.16×10-3 S cm-1 ) and high Li ion transference number of 0.69 simultaneously, along with a good electrochemical stability up to 4.55 V, while effectively suppressing Li dendrite growth. Moreover, the gel polymer electrolyte exhibited stable cycling performance of the Li|Li symmetric cell of 9 mAh cm-2 for more than 1800 hours and retained 86.7 % of the original capacity after 250 cycles for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) full cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin de Musee 91700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin de Musee 91700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Jang Wook Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, and Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin de Musee 91700FribourgSwitzerland
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48
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Chen Z, Yang X, Li W, Liang X, Guo J, Li H, He Y, Kim Y. Nanofiber Composite for Improved Water Retention and Dendrites Suppression in Flexible Zinc-Air Batteries. Small 2021; 17:e2103048. [PMID: 34427378 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water loss of the gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) and dendrites growth on Zn anode are overriding obstacles to applying flexible zinc-air batteries (ZABs) for wearable electronic devices. Nearly all previous efforts aim at developing novel GPEs with enhanced water retention and therefore elongate their lifespan. Herein, a facile interface engineering strategy is proposed to retard the water loss of GPE from the half-open structured air cathode. In detail, the poly(ethylene vinyl acetate)/carbon powder (PEVA-C) nanofiber composite interface layer with features of hydrophobicity, high conductivity, air permeability, and flexibility are prepared on the carbon cloth and set up between the GPE and electrode. The as-assembled ZAB with simple alkaline PVA GPE exhibits an impressive cycle life of 230 h, which outperforms ZAB without the PEVA-C nanofibers interface layer by 14 times. Additionally, the growth of Zn dendrites can be suppressed due to the tardy water loss of GPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Department of Physics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Department of Physics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Wenqiong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Department of Physics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Department of Physics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jiaming Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Department of Physics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Haihan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Department of Physics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yun He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Department of Physics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yoonseob Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Zhang YJ, Xing ZY, Wang WP, Gao N, Zhao J, Yue WC, Li X, Gao YB, Xin S, Li B, Wang B. Mo 2C Electrocatalysts for Kinetically Boosting Polysulfide Conversion in Quasi-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:45651-45660. [PMID: 34533920 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) suffer from sluggish reaction kinetics of sulfur-containing species and loss of soluble polysulfides (PSs) during cycling, especially in the case of liquid electrolytes. Here, we improve the kinetics of sulfur species by decorating Mo2C nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the host for sulfur active mass. In addition, by use of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) derived from in situ polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) to mitigate the diffusion of PSs and improve the stability of Li stripping/plating. As a result, the sulfur cathodes are endowed with enhanced initial specific capacity and suppressed dissolution of sulfur species. The cells with CNT/Mo2C/S cathodes and GPE exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. The anodes cycled with GPE show remarkably enhanced lithium plating-stripping behavior. Benefitting from the synergistic effect, LSBs with higher energy density and improved durability are obtained, demonstrating a new approach for developing high-performance quasi-solid-state Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Peng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ce Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sen Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Bao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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50
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Zhang T, Zhang J, Yang S, Li Y, Dong R, Yuan J, Liu Y, Wu Z, Song Y, Zhong Y, Xiang W, Chen Y, Zhong B, Guo X. Facile In Situ Chemical Cross-Linking Gel Polymer Electrolyte, which Confines the Shuttle Effect with High Ionic Conductivity and Li-Ion Transference Number for Quasi-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Battery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:44497-44508. [PMID: 34506122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a secondary Li-ion battery with high energy density, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries possess high potential development prospects. One of the important ingredients to improve the safety and energy density in Li-S batteries is the solid-state electrolyte. However, the poor ionic conductivity largely limits its application for the commercial market. At present, the gel electrolyte prepared by combining the electrolyte or ionic liquid with the all-solid electrolyte is an effective method to solve the low ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte. We present a cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formed for Li-S quasi-solid-state batteries, which can be simply synthesized without initiators. This gel polymer electrolyte with FEC as an additive (GPE@FEC) possesses high ionic conductivity (0.830 × 10-3 S/cm at 25 °C and 1.577 × 10-3 S/cm at 85 °C) and extremely high Li-ion transference number (tLi+ = 0.674). In addition, the strong ability toward anchoring polysulfides resulting in the high electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries was confirmed in GPE@FEC by the diffusion experiment, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mapping of the S element. Such a high ion conductivity (IC) gel polymer electrolyte enables a competitive specific capacity of 940 mAh/g at 0.2C and supreme cycling performance for 180 cycles at 0.5C, which is far beyond that of conventional poly(ethylene oxide)-based quasi-solid-state Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ruyuan Dongyangguang Magnetic Material Co., Ltd., Ruyuan County, Shaoguan 512600, P. R. China
| | - Shan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ran Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of National Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yang Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yanxiao Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Benhe Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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