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Pinto AC, Tavares P, Neves B, Oliveira PF, Vitorino R, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Ferreira R. Exploiting the therapeutic potential of contracting skeletal muscle-released extracellular vesicles in cancer: Current insights and future directions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:617-628. [PMID: 38451309 PMCID: PMC11055777 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The health benefits of exercise training in a cancer setting are increasingly acknowledged; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. It has been suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from contracting skeletal muscles play a key role in mediating the systemic benefits of exercise by transporting bioactive molecules, including myokines. Nevertheless, skeletal muscle-derived vesicles account for only about 5% of plasma EVs, with the immune cells making the largest contribution. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the contribution of skeletal muscle-derived EVs increases after physical exercise or how muscle contraction modulates the secretory activity of other tissues and thus influences the content and profile of circulating EVs. Furthermore, the destination of EVs after exercise is unknown, and it depends on their molecular composition, particularly adhesion proteins. The cargo of EVs is influenced by the training program, with acute training sessions having a greater impact than chronic adaptations. Indeed, there are numerous questions regarding the role of EVs in mediating the effects of exercise, the clarification of which is critical for tailoring exercise training prescriptions and designing exercise mimetics for patients unable to engage in exercise programs. This review critically analyzes the current knowledge on the effects of exercise on the content and molecular composition of circulating EVs and their impact on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Tavares
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto and Laboratory for Integrative and ITR, Translational Research in Population Health, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Neves
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto and Laboratory for Integrative and ITR, Translational Research in Population Health, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Lautaoja-Kivipelto JH, Karvinen S, Korhonen TM, O'Connell TM, Tiirola M, Hulmi JJ, Pekkala S. Interaction of the C2C12 myotube contractions and glucose availability on transcriptome and extracellular vesicle microRNAs. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C348-C361. [PMID: 38047306 PMCID: PMC11192488 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00401.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-like electrical pulse stimulation (EL-EPS) of myotubes mimics many key physiological changes induced by in vivo exercise. Besides enabling intracellular research, EL-EPS allows to study secreted factors, including muscle-specific microRNAs (myomiRs) carried in extracellular vesicles (EVs). These factors can participate in contraction-induced intercellular cross talk and may mediate the health benefits of exercise. However, the current knowledge of these responses, especially under variable nutritional conditions, is limited. We investigated the effects of EL-EPS on C2C12 myotube transcriptome in high- and low-glucose conditions by messenger RNA sequencing, while the expression of EV-carried miRNAs was analyzed by small RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR. We show that higher glucose availability augmented contraction-induced transcriptional changes and that the majority of the differentially expressed genes were upregulated. Furthermore, based on the pathway analyses, processes related to contractility and cytokine/inflammatory responses were upregulated. In addition, we report that EL-EPS increased packing of miR-1-3p into EVs independent of glucose availability. Together our findings suggest that in vitro EL-EPS is a usable tool not only to study contraction-induced intracellular mechanisms but also extracellular responses. The distinct transcriptional changes observed under variable nutritional conditions emphasize the importance of careful consideration of media composition in future exercise-mimicking studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study examined for the first time the effects of exercise-like electrical pulse stimulation administered under distinct nutritional conditions on 1) the transcriptome of the C2C12 myotubes and 2) their media containing extracellular vesicle-carried microRNAs. We report that higher glucose availability augmented transcriptional responses related especially to contractility and cytokine/inflammatory pathways. Agreeing with in vivo studies, we show that the packing of exercise-responsive miR-1-3p was increased in the extracellular vesicles in response to myotube contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulia H Lautaoja-Kivipelto
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sira Karvinen
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tia-Marje Korhonen
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Thomas M O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Tao Y, Luo W, Chen Y, Chen C, Chen S, Li X, Chen K, Zeng C. Exercise ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance by modulating GRK4-mediated D1R expression. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1391-1407. [PMID: 37622333 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been recommended as a nonpharmaceutical therapy to treat insulin resistance (IR). Previous studies showed that dopamine D1-like receptor agonists, such as fenoldopam, could improve peripheral insulin sensitivity, while antipsychotics, which are dopamine receptor antagonists, increased susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Meanwhile, exercise has been proved to stimulate dopamine receptors. However, whether the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is involved in exercise-mediated amelioration of IR remains unclear. We found that the D1-like receptor antagonist, SCH23390, reduced the effect of exercise on lowering blood glucose and insulin in insulin-resistant mice and inhibited the contraction-induced glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. Similarly, the opposite was true for the D1-like receptor agonist, fenoldopam. Furthermore, the expression of D1R was decreased in skeletal muscles from streptozotocin (STZ)- and high-fat intake-induced T2DM mice, accompanied by increased D1R phosphorylation, which was reversed by exercise. A screening study showed that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) may be the candidate kinase for the regulation of D1R function, because, in addition to the increased GRK4 expression in skeletal muscles of T2DM mice, GRK4 transgenic T2DM mice exhibited lower insulin sensitivity, accompanied by higher D1R phosphorylation than control mice, whereas the AAV9-shGRK4 mice were much more sensitive to insulin than AAV9-null mice. Mechanistically, the up-regulation of GRK4 expression caused by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in IR was ascribed to the enhanced expression of c-Myc, a transcriptional factor of GRK4. Taken together, the present study shows that exercise, via regulation of ROS/c-Myc/GRK4 pathway, ameliorates D1R dysfunction and improves insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenbin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
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Wang J, Chen HC, Sheng Q, Dawson TR, Coffey RJ, Patton JG, Weaver AM, Shyr Y, Liu Q. Systematic Assessment of Small RNA Profiling in Human Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3446. [PMID: 37444556 PMCID: PMC10340377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced and released by most cells and are now recognized to play a role in intercellular communication through the delivery of molecular cargo, including proteins, lipids, and RNA. Small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq) has been widely used to characterize the small RNA content in EVs. However, there is a lack of a systematic assessment of the quality, technical biases, RNA composition, and RNA biotypes enrichment for small RNA profiling of EVs across cell types, biofluids, and conditions. METHODS We collected and reanalyzed small RNA-seq datasets for 2756 samples from 83 studies involving 55 with EVs only and 28 with both EVs and matched donor cells. We assessed their quality by the total number of reads after adapter trimming, the overall alignment rate to the host and non-host genomes, and the proportional abundance of total small RNA and specific biotypes, such as miRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and Y RNA. RESULTS We found that EV extraction methods varied in their reproducibility in isolating small RNAs, with effects on small RNA composition. Comparing proportional abundances of RNA biotypes between EVs and matched donor cells, we discovered that rRNA and tRNA fragments were relatively enriched, but miRNAs and snoRNA were depleted in EVs. Except for the export of eight miRNAs being context-independent, the selective release of most miRNAs into EVs was study-specific. CONCLUSION This work guides quality control and the selection of EV isolation methods and enhances the interpretation of small RNA contents and preferential loading in EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hua-Chang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - T. Renee Dawson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (T.R.D.); (R.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (T.R.D.); (R.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James G. Patton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Alissa M. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (T.R.D.); (R.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.W.); (H.-C.C.); (Q.S.)
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Ramklowan DSH, Snyman C, van de Vyver M, Niesler CU. Establishment of fibroblast and myofibroblast phenotypes for use in in vitro co-culture models. Biochimie 2023; 207:96-101. [PMID: 36343754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts function to secrete and modify components of the extracellular matrix. During wound healing, fibroblasts migrate to the site of injury and differentiate into contractile myofibroblasts; this differentiation is characterised by an increased contractile capacity. Fully differentiated myofibroblasts can be distinguished from fibroblasts via the higher expression of α-smooth muscle actin as well as a denser cytoskeleton. Impaired wound healing has been characterised by a lack of myofibroblasts; as a result, tissue does not fully regain its strength and function. Under pathological conditions, this may be associated with the effect that a pro-inflammatory microenvironment has on fibroblast and skeletal muscle progenitor cell migration and differentiation. Given their distinct roles in tissue maintenance and repair, the communication between fibroblasts versus myofibroblasts with other cellular mediators of repair is likely to influence cell behaviour and the outcome of wound repair. An in vitro test model is required to investigate this intercellular influence, but the establishment of such a model is hampered by the difficulty in retaining the dedifferentiated fibroblastic phenotype under regular serum-containing cell culture conditions. We present a model that supports the establishment and retention in culture of fibroblast and myofibroblast phenotypes for use in a simple, inexpensive, yet relevant in vitro 2D assay. This model is then applied in a co-culture setting to determine whether the presence of myoblasts affects the ability of fibroblasts versus myofibroblasts to close an in vitro wound. Our results emphasize the importance of considering the impact of paracrine communication between all cells during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S H Ramklowan
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - C Snyman
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - M van de Vyver
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - C U Niesler
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Scottsville, South Africa.
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Hamaguchi H, Dohi K, Sakai T, Taoka M, Isobe T, Matsui TS, Deguchi S, Furuichi Y, Fujii NL, Manabe Y. PDGF-B secreted from skeletal muscle enhances myoblast proliferation and myotube maturation via activation of the PDGFR signaling cascade. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 639:169-175. [PMID: 36521377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myokines, secreted factors from skeletal muscle, act locally on muscle cells or satellite cells, which is important in regulating muscle mass and function. Here, we found platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF-B) is constitutively secreted from muscle cells without muscle contraction. Furthermore, PDGF-B secretion increased with myoblast to myotube differentiation. To examine the role of PDGF-B as a paracrine or autocrine myokine, myoblasts or myotubes were treated with PDGF-B. As a result, myoblast proliferation was significantly enhanced via several signaling pathways. Intriguingly, myotubes treated with PDGF-B showed enhanced maturation as indicated by their increased myotube diameter, myosin heavy chain expression, and strengthened contractile force. These findings suggest that PDGF-B is constitutively secreted by myokines to enhance myoblast proliferation and myotube maturation, which may contribute to skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hamaguchi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kitora Dohi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takaomi Sakai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masato Taoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tsubasa S Matsui
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuro Furuichi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Nobuharu L Fujii
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yasuko Manabe
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
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Vainshtein A, Slavin MB, Cheng AJ, Memme JM, Oliveira AN, Perry CGR, Abdul-Sater AA, Belcastro AN, Riddell MC, Triolo M, Haas TL, Roudier E, Hood DA. Scientific meeting report: International Biochemistry of Exercise 2022. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:1381-1393. [PMID: 36356257 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00475.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is one of the only nonpharmacological remedies known to counteract genetic and chronic diseases by enhancing health and improving life span. Although the many benefits of regular physical activity have been recognized for some time, the intricate and complex signaling systems triggered at the onset of exercise have only recently begun to be uncovered. Exercising muscles initiate a coordinated, multisystemic, metabolic rewiring, which is communicated to distant organs by various molecular mediators. The field of exercise research has been expanding beyond the musculoskeletal system, with interest from industry to provide realistic models and exercise mimetics that evoke a whole body rejuvenation response. The 18th International Biochemistry of Exercise conference took place in Toronto, Canada, from May 25 to May 28, 2022, with more than 400 attendees. Here, we provide an overview of the most cutting-edge exercise-related research presented by 66 speakers, focusing on new developments in topics ranging from molecular and cellular mechanisms of exercise adaptations to exercise therapy and management of disease and aging. We also describe how the manipulation of these signaling pathways can uncover therapeutic avenues for improving human health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhaela B Slavin
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur J Cheng
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Memme
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley N Oliveira
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Abdul-Sater
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelo N Belcastro
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Riddell
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Triolo
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara L Haas
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilie Roudier
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pulsed Electrical Stimulation Affects Osteoblast Adhesion and Calcium Ion Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172650. [PMID: 36078058 PMCID: PMC9454840 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive research field in regenerative medicine is electrical stimulation (ES) and its impact on tissue and cells. The mechanism of action of ES, particularly the role of electrical parameters like intensity, frequency, and duration of the electric field, is not yet fully understood. Human MG-63 osteoblasts were electrically stimulated for 10 min with a commercially available multi-channel system (IonOptix). We generated alternating current (AC) electrical fields with a voltage of 1 or 5 V and frequencies of 7.9 or 20 Hz, respectively. To exclude liquid-mediated effects, we characterized the AC-stimulated culture medium. AC stimulation did not change the medium’s pH, temperature, and oxygen content. The H2O2 level was comparable with the unstimulated samples except at 5 V_7.9 Hz, where a significant increase in H2O2 was found within the first 30 min. Pulsed electrical stimulation was beneficial for the process of attachment and initial adhesion of suspended osteoblasts. At the same time, the intracellular Ca2+ level was enhanced and highest for 20 Hz stimulated cells with 1 and 5 V, respectively. In addition, increased Ca2+ mobilization after an additional trigger (ATP) was detected at these parameters. New knowledge was provided on why electrical stimulation contributes to cell activation in bone tissue regeneration.
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