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Guo Q, Dong Q, Xu W, Zhang H, Zhao X, He W, He Y, Zhao G. Metabolite profiling of camel milk and the fermentation bacteria agent TR1 fermented two types of sour camel milk using LC-MS in relation to their probiotic potentials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35801. [PMID: 39220917 PMCID: PMC11365327 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Camel milk is a nutrient-rich diet and fermentation affects its nutritional value and probiotic function. In this study, sour camel milk and oat jujube sour camel milk were prepared using fermentation bacteria agent TR1, and the metabolites of camel milk, sour camel milk and oat jujube sour camel milk were detected using a non-targeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).The results showed that the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with 100 % accuracy and good predictive power detected 343 components in positive ion mode and 220 components in negative ion mode. The differential metabolites were mainly organic acids, amino acids, esters, vitamins and other substances contained in camel milk.It showed that there were significant differences in the metabolites of camel milk, sour camel milk and oat jujube sour camel milk. Based on the pathway enrichment analysis of the three dairy products in the KEGG database, 12 metabolic pathways mainly involved in the positive ion mode and 20 metabolic pathways mainly involved in the negative ion mode were identified. The main biochemical metabolic pathways and signal transduction pathways of the differential metabolites of the three dairy products were obtained. This study provides theoretical support for improving the nutritional quality and probiotic function of camel milk and fermented camel milk products and provides a basis for the development of relevant processing technologies and products for camel milk and fermented camel milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qigeqi Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Weisheng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- The People's Bank of China Operation Office, China
| | - Wanxiong He
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuxing He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guofen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Manufacturing in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Xu Q, Yang S, Zhang K, Liu Y, Li L, Qu S. Enhanced antibacterial activity of bovine milk exosome-based drug formulation against bacterial pathogens. Food Chem 2024; 447:139034. [PMID: 38493686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Milk is not only a source of nutrients, but also contains exosomes (Exo) that can serve as a vehicle for drug delivery. Here, we obtained bovine milk Exo using three efficient methods, demonstrating high quality for commercial production. The optimized Exo displayed a size of 105.2 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 88.4 %. The Exo has been functionalized with a combination therapy comprising isobavachalcone (IS) and polymyxin B (PB), referred to as IP-Exo. The antibacterial efficacy of IP-Exo was significantly enhanced, enabling the elimination of 99 % of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens in 4 h. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the drug combination led to the complete dismantling of the bacterial structure. IP-Exo showed nearly 100 % microbial inhibition in fresh orange juice and accelerated wound healing in mouse models. Collectively, IP-Exo provides excellent potential for application within the food industry and animal husbandry as a defense against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Xu
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Lin Li
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Shaoqi Qu
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Kim NH, Kim J, Lee JY, Bae HA, Kim CY. Application of Milk Exosomes for Musculoskeletal Health: Talking Points in Recent Outcomes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4645. [PMID: 37960298 PMCID: PMC10647311 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a nutrient-rich food source, and among the various milks, breast milk is a nutrient source provided by mothers to newborns in many mammals. Exosomes are nano-sized membranous extracellular vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes originate from endogenous synthesis and dietary sources such as milk. Discovered through electron microscopy as floating vesicles, the existence of exosomes in human milk was confirmed owing to a density between 1.10 and 1.18 g/mL in a sucrose gradient corresponding to the known density of exosomes and detection of MHC classes I and II, CD63, CD81, and CD86 on the vesicles. To date, milk exosomes have been used for treating many diseases, including cancers, and are widely proposed as promising carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. However, few studies on milk exosomes focus on geriatric health, especially sarcopenia and osteoporosis related to bone and muscle. Therefore, the present study focused on milk exosomes and their cargoes, which are potential candidates for dietary supplements, and when combined with drugs, they can be effective in treating musculoskeletal diseases. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts, including the definition, various sources, and cargoes of milk exosomes, and exosome isolation and characterization methods. Additionally, we review recent literature on the musculoskeletal system and milk exosomes. Since inflammation and oxidative stress underly musculoskeletal disorders, studies reporting the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of milk exosomes are also summarized. Finally, the therapeutic potential of milk exosomes in targeting muscle and bone health is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Hyung Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhae Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-A Bae
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (N.-H.K.); (J.K.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-A.B.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Raj A, Shuklan P, Madan P, Chauhan K, Phogat J, Rani S. Comparative Attenuating Impact of Camel Milk and Insulin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29270-29280. [PMID: 37599985 PMCID: PMC10433336 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, albino Wistar rats that have developed diabetes as a result of the drug streptozotocin (STZ) were treated with camel milk and insulin. For this, 36 rats were divided into six different (n = 6) groups: control, control + camel milk, diabetic control, insulin, camel milk, and combined camel milk + insulin. A 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of STZ was used to induce diabetes. Rats with blood glucose levels exceeding 250 mg/dL after the induction of diabetes were taken into consideration for the study. The diabetic rats were treated with camel milk (50 mL/rat/day), insulin (6 units kg-1 b·wt/day), or their combination daily for 30 days. Throughout the course of the study, the rats' glucose levels and body weight were checked. In the diabetic control rats, a reduction in body weight and hyperglycemic condition was seen. Improvements in glycemic levels and weight gain were seen in the camel milk, insulin, and combined treatment groups compared to the diabetic control group; however, the combined treated group did not show the same degree of improvement as the alone treated group. Hematological changes in the diabetic control group included reductions in lymphocytes, platelets, total leukocyte count (TLC), and red blood cell (RBC) indices (mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), packed cell volume (PCV), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)). Each group that got insulin and camel milk separately and combined showed improvement in these changes. The liver, kidney, and pancreas in the diabetic control group had worsened morphological alterations. These histopathological alternations were significantly improved in the treatment groups. Hence, this study demonstrates the antidiabetic effects of camel milk in comparison to insulin. These findings highlight the potential of camel milk as an alternative therapy for diabetes, although further research is warranted to fully understand its mechanisms of action and long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Raj
- Department
of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Shuklan
- Department
of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Preety Madan
- Department
of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Khushboo Chauhan
- Department
of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Jatin Phogat
- Department
of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sudesh Rani
- Department
of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
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Liu C, Liu LX, Yang J, Liu YG. Exploration and analysis of the composition and mechanism of efficacy of camel milk. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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