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Ponomarev II, Volkova YA, Skupov KM, Vtyurina ES, Ponomarev II, Ilyin MM, Nikiforov RY, Alentiev AY, Zhigalina OM, Khmelenin DN, Strelkova TV, Modestov AD. Unique Self-Phosphorylating Polybenzimidazole of the 6F Family for HT-PEM Fuel Cell Application. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6001. [PMID: 38892189 PMCID: PMC11172766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
High-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are a very important type of fuel cells since they operate at 150-200 °C, making it possible to use hydrogen contaminated with CO. However, the need to improve the stability and other properties of gas-diffusion electrodes still impedes their distribution. Self-supporting anodes based on carbon nanofibers (CNF) are prepared using the electrospinning method from a polyacrylonitrile solution containing zirconium salt, followed by pyrolysis. After the deposition of Pt nanoparticles on the CNF surface, the composite anodes are obtained. A new self-phosphorylating polybenzimidazole of the 6F family is applied to the Pt/CNF surface to improve the triple-phase boundary, gas transport, and proton conductivity of the anode. This polymer coating ensures a continuous interface between the anode and proton-conducting membrane. The polymer is investigated using CO2 adsorption, TGA, DTA, FTIR, GPC, and gas permeability measurements. The anodes are studied using SEM, HAADF STEM, and CV. The operation of the membrane-electrode assembly in the H2/air HT-PEMFC shows that the application of the new PBI of the 6F family with good gas permeability as a coating for the CNF anodes results in an enhancement of HT-PEMFC performance, reaching 500 mW/cm2 at 1.3 A/cm2 (at 180 °C), compared with the previously studied PBI-O-PhT-P polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I. Ponomarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., bld. 1, Moscow 119334, Russia; (I.I.P.); (Y.A.V.); (E.S.V.); (I.I.P.); (M.M.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Yulia A. Volkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., bld. 1, Moscow 119334, Russia; (I.I.P.); (Y.A.V.); (E.S.V.); (I.I.P.); (M.M.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Kirill M. Skupov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., bld. 1, Moscow 119334, Russia; (I.I.P.); (Y.A.V.); (E.S.V.); (I.I.P.); (M.M.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Elizaveta S. Vtyurina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., bld. 1, Moscow 119334, Russia; (I.I.P.); (Y.A.V.); (E.S.V.); (I.I.P.); (M.M.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Ivan I. Ponomarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., bld. 1, Moscow 119334, Russia; (I.I.P.); (Y.A.V.); (E.S.V.); (I.I.P.); (M.M.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Mikhail M. Ilyin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., bld. 1, Moscow 119334, Russia; (I.I.P.); (Y.A.V.); (E.S.V.); (I.I.P.); (M.M.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Roman Y. Nikiforov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Av., Moscow 119991, Russia; (R.Y.N.); (A.Y.A.)
| | - Alexander Y. Alentiev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Av., Moscow 119991, Russia; (R.Y.N.); (A.Y.A.)
| | - Olga M. Zhigalina
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics”of Russian Academy of Sciences, 59 Leninsky Av., Moscow 119333, Russia; (O.M.Z.); (D.N.K.)
| | - Dmitry N. Khmelenin
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics”of Russian Academy of Sciences, 59 Leninsky Av., Moscow 119333, Russia; (O.M.Z.); (D.N.K.)
| | - Tatyana V. Strelkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., bld. 1, Moscow 119334, Russia; (I.I.P.); (Y.A.V.); (E.S.V.); (I.I.P.); (M.M.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Alexander D. Modestov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Av., bld. 4., Moscow 119071, Russia
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Ponomarev II, Razorenov DY, Skupov KM, Ponomarev II, Volkova YA, Lyssenko KA, Lysova AA, Vtyurina ES, Buzin MI, Klemenkova ZS. Self-Phosphorylated Polybenzimidazole: An Environmentally Friendly and Economical Approach for Hydrogen/Air High-Temperature Polymer-Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:552. [PMID: 37367756 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of phosphorylated polybenzimidazoles (PBI) for high-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells is a challenge and can lead to a significant increase in the efficiency and long-term operability of fuel cells of this type. In this work, high molecular weight film-forming pre-polymers based on N1,N5-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine and [1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-dicarbonyl dichloride were obtained by polyamidation at room temperature for the first time. During thermal cyclization at 330-370 °C, such polyamides form N-methoxyphenyl substituted polybenzimidazoles for use as a proton-conducting membrane after doping by phosphoric acid for H2/air HT-PEM fuel cells. During operation in a membrane electrode assembly at 160-180 °C, PBI self-phosphorylation occurs due to the substitution of methoxy-groups. As a result, proton conductivity increases sharply, reaching 100 mS/cm. At the same time, the current-voltage characteristics of the fuel cell significantly exceed the power indicators of the commercial BASF Celtec® P1000 MEA. The achieved peak power is 680 mW/cm2 at 180 °C. The developed approach to the creation of effective self-phosphorylating PBI membranes can significantly reduce their cost and ensure the environmental friendliness of their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Ponomarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Y Razorenov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill M Skupov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan I Ponomarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Volkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Lysova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Leninskii Prosp., 31, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S Vtyurina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Buzin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zinaida S Klemenkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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Skupov KM, Ponomarev II, Vtyurina ES, Volkova YA, Ponomarev II, Zhigalina OM, Khmelenin DN, Cherkovskiy EN, Modestov AD. Proton-Conducting Polymer-Coated Carbon Nanofiber Mats for Pt-Anodes of High-Temperature Polymer-Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050479. [PMID: 37233540 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEM FC) are a very important type of fuel cell since they operate at 150-200 °C, allowing the use of hydrogen contaminated with CO. However, the need to improve stability and other properties of gas diffusion electrodes still hinders their distribution. Anodes based on a mat (self-supporting entire non-woven nanofiber material) of carbon nanofibers (CNF) were prepared by the electrospinning method from a polyacrylonitrile solution followed by thermal stabilization and pyrolysis of the mat. To improve their proton conductivity, Zr salt was introduced into the electrospinning solution. As a result, after subsequent deposition of Pt-nanoparticles, Zr-containing composite anodes were obtained. To improve the proton conductivity of the nanofiber surface of the composite anode and reach HT-PEMFC better performance, dilute solutions of Nafion®, a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) and N-ethyl phosphonated polybenzimidazole (PBI-OPhT-P) were used to coat the CNF surface for the first time. These anodes were studied by electron microscopy and tested in membrane-electrode assembly for H2/air HT-PEMFC. The use of CNF anodes coated with PBI-OPhT-P has been shown to improve the HT-PEMFC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill M Skupov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor I Ponomarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S Vtyurina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Volkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan I Ponomarev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, bld. 1, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga M Zhigalina
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Khmelenin
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Cherkovskiy
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D Modestov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 31, bld. 4., 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Aliphatic Polybenzimidazoles: Synthesis, Characterization and High-Temperature Shape-Memory Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061399. [PMID: 36987180 PMCID: PMC10055794 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of aliphatic polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) with methylene groups of varying length were synthesized by the high-temperature polycondensation of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and the corresponding aliphatic dicarboxylic acid in Eaton’s reagent. The influence of the length of the methylene chain on PBIs’ properties was investigated by solution viscometry, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical testing and dynamic mechanical analysis. All PBIs exhibited high mechanical strength (up to 129.3 ± 7.1 MPa), glass transition temperature (≥200 °C) and thermal decomposition temperature (≥460 °C). Moreover, all of the synthesized aliphatic PBIs possess a shape-memory effect, which is a result of the presence of soft aliphatic segments and rigid bis-benzimidazole groups in the macromolecules, as well as strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds that serve as non-covalent crosslinks. Among the studied polymers, the PBI based on DAB and dodecanedioic acid has high adequate mechanical and thermal properties and demonstrates the highest shape-fixity ratio and shape-recovery ratio of 99.6% and 95.6%, respectively. Because of these properties, aliphatic PBIs have great potential to be used as high-temperature materials for application in different high-tech fields, including the aerospace industry and structural component industries.
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