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Khatoon N, Ali N, Ali S, Chen Z, Jun W, Yang H. Preparation of a CPVC composite loose nanofiltration membrane based on plant polyphenols for effective dye wastewater treatment. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23352-23363. [PMID: 39049886 PMCID: PMC11267257 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The textile industry's high-salinity wastewater presents a significant difficulty for fractioning salts and dyes. To fractionate the dyes and salts, a high-performance CPVC composite loose nanofiltration membrane (LNM) was fabricated by interfacial polymerization. The organic phase was obtained by crosslinking polyethylenimine (PEI) with tannic acid (TA) and gallic acid (GA) using TMC. The resultant composite LNM performance was enhanced by adjusting the coating parameters, which included TA and GA concentrations as well as coating time. The study examined the effects of the total content of TA/PEI and GA/PEI concentrations on the chemical structure, surface roughness, and microstructure of the selective layer of LNM using SEM, AFM, FTIR, and water contact angle measurements. It also investigated the filtration performance of the membrane's selective layer, including pure water flux, PEG800 rejection rate, and membrane fouling analysis. However, the resultant membrane treated simulated reactive black 5 (RB5) dye wastewater. When the total content of TA/PEI is 4 kg L-1, the permeability of pure water flux is high at 7.5 L per m2 per h per bar when the total content of GA/PEI is 14 kg L-1 and the pure water flux is high at 8.8 L per m2 per h per bar. The overall PEG800 rejection rates were 97-98.98%. The optimal TA : PEI ratios reached a good pure water permeability up to 6.4 L per (m2 per h per bar) with a high rejection rate of 99.69% for a ratio 1/3 to dye, and GA : PEI ratios reached a good water permeability at 5.5 and 6.5 L per (m2 per h per bar) with rejection rates of 99.21% and 98.88% for ratio 1/3 and 3.5/10.5 for simulated RB5 dye, and the NaCl retention rate gradually decreased from 4% to 3%. The resultant LNM demonstrated promising applications in dye and salt fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Khatoon
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Nadir Ali
- Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro 76060 Pakistan
| | - Sagar Ali
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro 76060 Pakistan
| | - Zhang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Wang Jun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Honghai Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
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Caliskan E, Shishatskiy S, Abetz V, Filiz V. Pioneering the preparation of porous PIM-1 membranes for enhanced water vapor flow. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9631-9645. [PMID: 38525056 PMCID: PMC10958458 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, porous polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) membranes were prepared by non-solvent induced phase inversion (NIPS) and investigated for water vapor transport in view of their application in membrane distillation (MD). Due to the lack of high boiling point solvents for PIM-1 that are also water miscible, the mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was found to be optimal for the formation of a membrane with a developed porous system both on the membrane surface and in the bulk. PIM-1 was synthesized by using low and high temperature methods to observe how molecular weight effects the membrane structure. Low molecular weight PIM-1 was produced at low temperatures, while high molecular weight PIM-1 was obtained at high temperatures. Several membranes were prepared, including PM-6, PM-9, and PM-11 from low molecular weight PIM-1, and PM-13 from high molecular weight PIM-1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to image the surface and cross-section of different porous PIM-1 membranes. Among all the PIM-1 membranes (PM) obtained, PM-6, PM-9, PM-11 and PM-13 showed the most developed porous structure, while PM-13 showed large voids in the bulk of the membrane. Contact angle measurements showed that all PIM-1 porous membranes are highly hydrophobic. Liquid water flux measurements showed that PM-6, PM-9 and PM-11 showed minimal water fluxes due to small surface pore size, while PM-13 showed a high water flux due to a large surface pore size. Water vapor transport measurements showed high permeance values for all membranes, demonstrating the applicability of the developed membranes for MD. In addition, a thin film composite (TFC) membrane with PIM-1 selective layer was prepared and investigated for water vapor transport to compare with porous PIM-1 membranes. The TFC membrane showed an approximately 4-fold lower vapor permeance than porous membranes. Based on these results, we postulated that the use of porous PIM-1 membranes could be promising for MD due to their hydrophobic nature and the fact that the porous membranes allow vapor permeability through the membrane but not liquid water. The TFC membrane can be used in cases where the transfer of water-soluble contaminants must be absolutely avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Caliskan
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Max-Planck-Str. 1 Geesthacht 21502 Germany +49-41-5287-2425
| | - Sergey Shishatskiy
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Max-Planck-Str. 1 Geesthacht 21502 Germany +49-41-5287-2425
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Max-Planck-Str. 1 Geesthacht 21502 Germany +49-41-5287-2425
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 Hamburg 20146 Germany
| | - Volkan Filiz
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Max-Planck-Str. 1 Geesthacht 21502 Germany +49-41-5287-2425
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Lee C, Lee S, Kang SW. Enhanced porous membrane fabrication using cellulose acetate and citric acid: Improved structural integrity, thermal stability, and gas permeability. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121571. [PMID: 37985069 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, our primary objective was to enhance the properties of porous membranes by addressing the limitations associated with phase separation. We employed a non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method, utilizing cellulose acetate (CA) in conjunction with citric acid to fabricate these membranes. Citric acid played a dual role: ensuring a uniform pore structure and cross-linking the CA polymer, thereby enhancing its mechanical strength. This approach resulted in the development of a more robust membrane with superior structural integrity. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed enhanced thermal stability, particularly up to 150 °C, as a result of citric acid's cross-linking effect. Beyond 150 °C, the decomposition temperatures of the CA/citric acid membrane were found to be comparable to those of pure CA. Remarkably, a CA/citric acid ratio of 1:0.05 exhibited the slowest decomposition rate as the temperature increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination unveiled a sponge-like membrane structure with numerous evenly distributed fine pores. Through the use of citric acid as a plasticizer, we were able to effectively control the penetration of water molecules, preventing the formation of macrovoids and promoting the creation of fine pores. This resulted in the fabrication of a high-porosity membrane, boasting an impressive porosity measurement of 84.9 %. Furthermore, measurements of the Gurley value confirmed efficient gas permeation, a critical characteristic for applications requiring effective gas transport. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy attested to the presence of citric acid in the membrane post-phase separation, indicating its successful integration. Our work presents a novel approach to enhance porous membranes, providing improvements in mechanical strength, thermal stability, and gas permeability. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of advanced materials with diverse applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
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García-Ramírez P, Diaz-Torres LA. Self-cleaning cellulose acetate/crystalline nanocellulose/polyvinylidene fluoride/Mg 0.975Ni 0.025SiO 3membrane for removal of diclofenac sodium and methylene blue dye in water. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:015703. [PMID: 37751721 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acfd32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant pollutants present in wastewater, without an effective treatment, have several effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health due to their chemical structure and persistence. Therefore, it is crucial the development of efficient technologies to eliminate such pollutants in water. Nano-photocatalysts are considered a promising technology for water remediation; however, one common drawback is the difficulty of recovering it after water processing. One effective strategy to overcome such problem is its immobilization into substrates such as polymeric membranes. In this study, a polymeric membrane with embedded Mg0.975Ni0.025SiO3is proposed to remove model pollutants diclofenac sodium and methylene blue dye by synergetic adsorption and photocatalytic processes. Mg0.975Ni0.025SiO3was synthesized by the combustion method. The matrix polymeric blend consisting of a blend of cellulose acetate, crystalline nanocellulose and polyvinylidene fluoride was obtained by the phase inversion method. The composite membranes were characterized by FTIR, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. With pollutant solutions at pH 7, the pollutant adsorption capacity of the membranes reached up to 30% and 45% removal efficiencies for diclofenac sodium and methylene blue, respectively. Under simulated solar irradiation photocatalytic removal performances of 70% for diclofenac sodium pH 7, and of 97% for methylene blue dye at pH 13, were reached. The membrane photocatalytic activity allows the membrane to avoid pollutant accumulation on its surface, given a self-cleaning property that allows the reuse of at least three cycles under sunlight simulator irradiation. These results suggest the high potential of photocatalytic membranes using suitable and economical materials such as cellulosic compounds and magnesium silicates for water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P García-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fotocatálisis y Fotosíntesis Artificial (F&FA), Grupo de Espectroscopía de Materiales Avanzados y Nanoestructurados (GEMANA), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Lomas del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, León, 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - L A Diaz-Torres
- Laboratorio de Fotocatálisis y Fotosíntesis Artificial (F&FA), Grupo de Espectroscopía de Materiales Avanzados y Nanoestructurados (GEMANA), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Lomas del Bosque 115, Lomas del Campestre, León, 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Khdary NH, Almuarqab BT, El Enany G. Nanoparticle-Embedded Polymers and Their Applications: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:537. [PMID: 37233597 PMCID: PMC10220572 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the study and development of nanoparticle-embedded polymeric materials and their applications to special membranes. Nanoparticle-embedded polymeric materials have been observed to have a desirable compatibility with commonly used membrane matrices, a wide range of functionalities, and tunable physicochemical properties. The development of nanoparticle-embedded polymeric materials has shown great potential to overcome the longstanding challenges faced by the membrane separation industry. One major challenge that has been a bottleneck to the progress and use of membranes is the balance between the selectivity and the permeability of the membranes. Recent developments in the fabrication of nanoparticle-embedded polymeric materials have focused on how to further tune the properties of the nanoparticles and membranes to improve the performance of the membranes even further. Techniques for improving the performance of nanoparticle-embedded membranes by exploiting their surface characteristics and internal pore and channel structures to a significant degree have been incorporated into the fabrication processes. Several fabrication techniques are discussed in this paper and used to produce both mixed-matrix membranes and homogenous nanoparticle-embedded polymeric materials. The discussed fabrication techniques include interfacial polymerization, self-assembly, surface coating, and phase inversion. With the current interest shown in the field of nanoparticle-embedded polymeric materials, it is expected that better-performing membranes will be developed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezar H. Khdary
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basha T. Almuarqab
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El Enany
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts in Uglat Asugour, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
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Gayatri R, Fizal ANS, Yuliwati E, Hossain MS, Jaafar J, Zulkifli M, Taweepreda W, Ahmad Yahaya AN. Preparation and Characterization of PVDF-TiO 2 Mixed-Matrix Membrane with PVP and PEG as Pore-Forming Agents for BSA Rejection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1023. [PMID: 36985917 PMCID: PMC10057082 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric membranes offer straightforward modification methods that make industry scaling affordable and easy; however, these materials are hydrophobic, prone to fouling, and vulnerable to extreme operating conditions. Various attempts were made in this study to fix the challenges in using polymeric membranes and create mixed-matrix membrane (MMMs) with improved properties and hydrophilicity by adding titanium dioxide (TiO2) and pore-forming agents to hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The PVDF mixed-matrix ultrafiltration membranes in this study were made using the non-solvent phase inversion approach which is a simple and effective method for increasing the hydrophilic nature of membranes. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as pore-forming chemicals were created. Pure water flux, BSA flux, and BSA rejection were calculated to evaluate the mixed-matrix membrane's efficiency. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution was employed in this study to examine the protein rejection ability. Increases in hydrophilicity, viscosity, and flux in pure water and BSA solution were achieved using PVP and PEG additives. The PVDF membrane's hydrophilicity was raised with the addition of TiO2, showing an increased contact angle to 71°. The results show that the PVDF-PVP-TiO2 membrane achieved its optimum water flux of 97 L/(m2h) while the PVDF-PEG-TiO2 membrane rejected BSA at a rate greater than 97%. The findings demonstrate that use of a support or additive improved filtration performance compared to a pristine polymeric membrane by increasing its hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianyza Gayatri
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia; (R.G.); (A.N.S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Polymer Science Program, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Ahmad Noor Syimir Fizal
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia; (R.G.); (A.N.S.F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Erna Yuliwati
- Program Study of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, Jalan A. Yani 13 Ulu Kota, Palembang 30263, Indonesia;
| | - Md Sohrab Hossain
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia;
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Muzafar Zulkifli
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia; (R.G.); (A.N.S.F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Wirach Taweepreda
- Polymer Science Program, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia; (R.G.); (A.N.S.F.); (M.Z.)
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Cojocaru C, Pascariu P, Enache AC, Bargan A, Samoila P. Application of Surface-Modified Nanoclay in a Hybrid Adsorption-Ultrafiltration Process for Enhanced Nitrite Ions Removal: Chemometric Approach vs. Machine Learning. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:697. [PMID: 36839065 PMCID: PMC9963183 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the results of a study on combining adsorption and ultrafiltration in a single-stage process to remove nitrite ions from contaminated water. As adsorbent, a surface-modified nanoclay was employed (i.e., Nanomer® I.28E, containing 25-30 wt. % trimethyl stearyl ammonium). Ultrafiltration experiments were conducted using porous polymeric membranes (Ultracel® 10 kDa). The hybrid process of adsorption-ultrafiltration was modeled and optimized using three computational tools: (1) response surface methodology (RSM), (2) artificial neural network (ANN), and (3) support vector machine (SVM). The optimal conditions provided by machine learning (SVM) were found to be the best, revealing a rejection efficiency of 86.3% and an initial flux of permeate of 185 LMH for a moderate dose of the nanoclay (0.674% w/v). Likewise, a new and more retentive membrane (based on PVDF-HFP copolymer and halloysite (HS) inorganic nanotubes) was produced by the phase-inversion method, characterized by SEM, EDX, AFM, and FTIR techniques, and then tested under optimal conditions. This new composite membrane (PVDF-HFP/HS) with a thickness of 112 μm and a porosity of 75.32% unveiled an enhanced rejection efficiency (95.0%) and a lower initial flux of permeate (28 LMH). Moreover, molecular docking simulations disclosed the intermolecular interactions between nitrite ions and the functional moiety of the organonanoclay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Cojocaru
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Petronela Pascariu
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andra-Cristina Enache
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Bargan
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Petrisor Samoila
- Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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