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Mackels L, Liu X, Bonne G, Servais L. TOR1AIP1-Associated Nuclear Envelopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086911. [PMID: 37108075 PMCID: PMC10138496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human TOR1AIP1 encodes LAP1, a nuclear envelope protein expressed in most human tissues, which has been linked to various biological processes and human diseases. The clinical spectrum of diseases related to mutations in TOR1AIP1 is broad, including muscular dystrophy, congenital myasthenic syndrome, cardiomyopathy, and multisystemic disease with or without progeroid features. Although rare, these recessively inherited disorders often lead to early death or considerable functional impairment. Developing a better understanding of the roles of LAP1 and mutant TOR1AIP1-associated phenotypes is paramount to allow therapeutic development. To facilitate further studies, this review provides an overview of the known interactions of LAP1 and summarizes the evidence for the function of this protein in human health. We then review the mutations in the TOR1AIP1 gene and the clinical and pathological characteristics of subjects with these mutations. Lastly, we discuss challenges to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurane Mackels
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Adult Neurology Department, Citadelle Hospital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Xincheng Liu
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Servais
- Neuromuscular Center, Division of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Center, Department of Paediatrics, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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2
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Nuclear Envelope Alterations in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Patient-Derived Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010522. [PMID: 35008948 PMCID: PMC8745202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a hereditary and multisystemic disease characterized by myotonia, progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy. The molecular mechanisms underlying this disease are still poorly characterized, although there are some hypotheses that envisage to explain the multisystemic features observed in DM1. An emergent hypothesis is that nuclear envelope (NE) dysfunction may contribute to muscular dystrophies, particularly to DM1. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the nuclear profile of DM1 patient-derived and control fibroblasts and to determine the protein levels and subcellular distribution of relevant NE proteins in these cell lines. Our results demonstrated that DM1 patient-derived fibroblasts exhibited altered intracellular protein levels of lamin A/C, LAP1, SUN1, nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 when compared with the control fibroblasts. In addition, the results showed an altered location of these NE proteins accompanied by the presence of nuclear deformations (blebs, lobes and/or invaginations) and an increased number of nuclear inclusions. Regarding the nuclear profile, DM1 patient-derived fibroblasts had a larger nuclear area and a higher number of deformed nuclei and micronuclei than control-derived fibroblasts. These results reinforce the evidence that NE dysfunction is a highly relevant pathological characteristic observed in DM1.
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3
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Nuclear Dynamics and Chromatin Structure: Implications for Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102624. [PMID: 34685604 PMCID: PMC8534098 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in nuclear shape have been extensively associated with the dynamics and functionality of cancer cells. In most normal cells, nuclei have a regular ellipsoid shape and minimal variation in nuclear size; however, an irregular nuclear contour and abnormal nuclear size is often observed in cancer, including pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, alterations in nuclear morphology have become the 'gold standard' for tumor staging and grading. Beyond the utility of altered nuclear morphology as a diagnostic tool in cancer, the implications of altered nuclear structure for the biology and behavior of cancer cells are profound as changes in nuclear morphology could impact cellular responses to physical strain, adaptation during migration, chromatin organization, and gene expression. Here, we aim to highlight and discuss the factors that regulate nuclear dynamics and their implications for pancreatic cancer biology.
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4
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Östlund C, Hernandez-Ono A, Shin JY. The Nuclear Envelope in Lipid Metabolism and Pathogenesis of NAFLD. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9100338. [PMID: 33076344 PMCID: PMC7602593 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The liver is a major organ regulating lipid metabolism and a proper liver function is essential to health. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition with abnormal fat accumulation in the liver without heavy alcohol use. NAFLD is becoming one of the most common liver diseases with the increase in obesity in many parts of the world. There is no approved cure for the disease and a better understanding of disease mechanism is needed for effective prevention and treatment. The nuclear envelope, a membranous structure that surrounds the cell nucleus, is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum where the vast majority of cellular lipids are synthesized. Growing evidence indicates that components in the nuclear envelope are involved in cellular lipid metabolism. We review published studies with various cell and animal models, indicating the essential roles of nuclear envelope proteins in lipid metabolism. We also discuss how defects in these proteins affect cellular lipid metabolism and possibly contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning public health problem worldwide. Despite its tremendous significance for public health, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD and its more advanced stage, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Identification of novel pathways or cellular mechanisms that regulate liver lipid metabolism has profound implications for the understanding of the pathology of NAFLD and NASH. The nuclear envelope is topologically connected to the ER, where protein synthesis and lipid synthesis occurs. Emerging evidence points toward that the nuclear lamins and nuclear membrane-associated proteins are involved in lipid metabolism and homeostasis. We review published reports that link these nuclear envelope proteins to lipid metabolism. In particular, we focus on the recent work demonstrating the essential roles for the nuclear envelope-localized torsinA/lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP1) complex in hepatic steatosis, lipid secretion, and NASH development. We also discuss plausible pathogenic mechanisms by which the loss of either protein in hepatocytes leads to hepatic dyslipidemia and NASH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Östlund
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.Ö.); (A.H.-O.)
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Ono
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.Ö.); (A.H.-O.)
| | - Ji-Yeon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.Ö.); (A.H.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-305-4088
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5
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Pereira CD, Martins F, Santos M, Müeller T, da Cruz e Silva OAB, Rebelo S. Nuclear Accumulation of LAP1:TRF2 Complex during DNA Damage Response Uncovers a Novel Role for LAP1. Cells 2020; 9:E1804. [PMID: 32751253 PMCID: PMC7465990 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1) is a nuclear envelope (NE) protein whose function remains poorly characterized. In a recent LAP1 protein interactome study, a putative regulatory role in the DNA damage response (DDR) has emerged and telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2), a protein intimately associated with this signaling pathway, was among the list of LAP1 interactors. To gain insights into LAP1's physiological properties, the interaction with TRF2 in human cells exposed to DNA-damaging agents was investigated. The direct LAP1:TRF2 binding was validated in vitro by blot overlay and in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation after hydrogen peroxide and bleomycin treatments. The regulation of this protein interaction by LAP1 phosphorylation was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry following okadaic acid exposure. The involvement of LAP1 and TRF2 in the DDR was confirmed by their increased nuclear protein levels after bleomycin treatment, evaluated by immunoblotting, as well as by their co-localization with DDR factors at the NE and within the nucleoplasm, assessed by immunocytochemistry. Effectively, we showed that the LAP1:TRF2 complex is established during a cellular response against DNA damage. This work proposes a novel functional role for LAP1 in the DDR, revealing a potential biological mechanism that may be disrupted in LAP1-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D. Pereira
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.D.P.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (O.A.B.d.C.eS.)
| | - Filipa Martins
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.D.P.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (O.A.B.d.C.eS.)
| | - Mariana Santos
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.D.P.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (O.A.B.d.C.eS.)
| | - Thorsten Müeller
- Cell Signaling in Neurodegeneration (CSIN), Medical Proteome-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Odete A. B. da Cruz e Silva
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.D.P.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (O.A.B.d.C.eS.)
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.D.P.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (O.A.B.d.C.eS.)
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6
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Martins F, Sousa J, Pereira CD, Cruz e Silva OAB, Rebelo S. Nuclear envelope dysfunction and its contribution to the aging process. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13143. [PMID: 32291910 PMCID: PMC7253059 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is the central organizing unit of the eukaryotic cell serving as a genome protective barrier and mechanotransduction interface between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The NE is mainly composed of a nuclear lamina and a double membrane connected at specific points where the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) form. Physiological aging might be generically defined as a functional decline across lifespan observed from the cellular to organismal level. Therefore, during aging and premature aging, several cellular alterations occur, including nuclear‐specific changes, particularly, altered nuclear transport, increased genomic instability induced by DNA damage, and telomere attrition. Here, we highlight and discuss proteins associated with nuclear transport dysfunction induced by aging, particularly nucleoporins, nuclear transport factors, and lamins. Moreover, changes in the structure of chromatin and consequent heterochromatin rearrangement upon aging are discussed. These alterations correlate with NE dysfunction, particularly lamins’ alterations. Finally, telomere attrition is addressed and correlated with altered levels of nuclear lamins and nuclear lamina‐associated proteins. Overall, the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying NE dysfunction, including upstream and downstream events, which have yet to be unraveled, will be determinant not only to our understanding of several pathologies, but as here discussed, in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Martins
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Jéssica Sousa
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Cátia D. Pereira
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Odete A. B. Cruz e Silva
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
- The Discoveries CTR Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) Department of Medical Sciences University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
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7
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In Vitro Cytotoxicity Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Spermatogonia Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051081. [PMID: 32357578 PMCID: PMC7290761 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are a type of metal oxide nanoparticle with an extensive use in biomedicine. Several studies have focused on the biosafety of ZnO NPs, since their size and surface area favor entrance and accumulation in the body, which can induce toxic effects. In previous studies, ZnO NPs have been identified as a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic inducer in testis and male germ cells. However, the consequences for the first cell stage of spermatogenesis, spermatogonia, have never been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs in spermatogonia cells, focusing on changes in cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton. For that purpose, GC-1 cell line derived from mouse testes was selected as a model of spermatogenesis. These cells were treated with different doses of ZnO NPs for 6 h and 12 h. The impact of GC-1 cells exposure to ZnO NPs on cell viability, cell damage, and cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton dynamics was assessed. Our results clearly indicate that higher concentrations of ZnO NPs have a cytotoxic effect in GC-1 cells, leading to an increase of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, DNA damage, cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton dynamics alterations, and consequently cell death. In conclusion, it is here reported for the first time that ZnO NPs induce cytotoxic effects, including changes in cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton in mouse spermatogonia cells, which may compromise the progression of spermatogenesis in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
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Lessel I, Chen MJ, Lüttgen S, Arndt F, Fuchs S, Meien S, Thiele H, Jones JR, Shaw BR, Crossman DK, Nürnberg P, Korf BR, Kubisch C, Lessel D. Two novel cases further expand the phenotype of TOR1AIP1-associated nuclear envelopathies. Hum Genet 2020; 139:483-498. [PMID: 32055997 PMCID: PMC7078146 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic variants in TOR1AIP1, encoding the integral nuclear membrane protein LAP1 (lamina-associated polypeptide 1) with two functional isoforms LAP1B and LAP1C, have initially been linked to muscular dystrophies with variable cardiac and neurological impairment. Furthermore, a recurrent homozygous nonsense alteration, resulting in loss of both LAP1 isoforms, was identified in seven likely related individuals affected by multisystem anomalies with progeroid-like appearance and lethality within the 1st decade of life. Here, we have identified compound heterozygosity in TOR1AIP1 affecting both LAP1 isoforms in two unrelated individuals affected by congenital bilateral hearing loss, ventricular septal defect, bilateral cataracts, mild to moderate developmental delay, microcephaly, mandibular hypoplasia, short stature, progressive muscular atrophy, joint contractures and severe chronic heart failure, with much longer survival. Cellular characterization of primary fibroblasts of one affected individual revealed absence of both LAP1B and LAP1C, constitutively low lamin A/C levels, aberrant nuclear morphology including nuclear cytoplasmic channels, and premature senescence, comparable to findings in other progeroid forms of nuclear envelopathies. We additionally observed an abnormal activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2). Ectopic expression of wild-type TOR1AIP1 mitigated these cellular phenotypes, providing further evidence for the causal role of identified genetic variants. Altogether, we thus further expand the TOR1AIP1-associated phenotype by identifying individuals with biallelic loss-of-function variants who survived beyond the 1st decade of life and reveal novel molecular consequences underlying the TOR1AIP1-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mei-Jan Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - Sabine Lüttgen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Arndt
- Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Fuchs
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meien
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julie R Jones
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - Brandon R Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bruce R Korf
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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9
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Gill NK, Ly C, Kim PH, Saunders CA, Fong LG, Young SG, Luxton GWG, Rowat AC. DYT1 Dystonia Patient-Derived Fibroblasts Have Increased Deformability and Susceptibility to Damage by Mechanical Forces. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:103. [PMID: 31294022 PMCID: PMC6606767 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DYT1 dystonia is a neurological movement disorder that is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the DYT1/TOR1A gene, which encodes torsinA, a conserved luminal ATPases-associated with various cellular activities (AAA+) protein. TorsinA is required for the assembly of functional linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, and consequently the mechanical integration of the nucleus and the cytoskeleton. Despite the potential implications of altered mechanobiology in dystonia pathogenesis, the role of torsinA in regulating cellular mechanical phenotype, or mechanotype, in DYT1 dystonia remains unknown. Here, we define the deformability of mouse fibroblasts lacking functional torsinA as well as human fibroblasts isolated from DYT1 dystonia patients. We find that the deletion of torsinA or the expression of torsinA containing the DYT1 dystonia-causing ΔE302/303 (ΔE) mutation results in more deformable cells. We observe a similar increased deformability of mouse fibroblasts that lack lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1), which interacts with and stimulates the ATPase activity of torsinA in vitro, as well as with the absence of the LINC complex proteins, Sad1/UNC-84 1 (SUN1) and SUN2, lamin A/C, or lamin B1. Consistent with these findings, we also determine that DYT1 dystonia patient-derived fibroblasts are more compliant than fibroblasts isolated from unafflicted individuals. DYT1 dystonia patient-derived fibroblasts also exhibit increased nuclear strain and decreased viability following mechanical stretch. Taken together, our results establish the foundation for future mechanistic studies of the role of cellular mechanotype and LINC-dependent nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling in regulating cell survival following exposure to mechanical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Kaur Gill
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chau Ly
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul H Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cosmo A Saunders
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Loren G Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - G W Gant Luxton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Mutant torsinA in the heterozygous DYT1 state compromises HSV propagation in infected neurons and fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2324. [PMID: 29396398 PMCID: PMC5797141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of early onset torsion dystonia (DYT1) are caused by a 3-base pair deletion in one allele of the TOR1A gene causing loss of a glutamate in torsinA, a luminal protein in the nuclear envelope. This dominantly inherited neurologic disease has reduced penetrance and no other medical manifestations. It has been challenging to understand the neuronal abnormalities as cells and mouse models which are heterozygous (Het) for the mutant allele are quite similar to wild-type (WT) controls. Here we found that patient fibroblasts and mouse neurons Het for this mutation showed significant differences from WT cells in several parameters revealed by infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) which replicates in the nucleus and egresses out through the nuclear envelope. Using a red fluorescent protein capsid to monitor HSV infection, patient fibroblasts showed decreased viral plaque formation as compared to controls. Mouse Het neurons had a decrease in cytoplasmic, but not nuclear HSV fluorescence, and reduced numbers of capsids entering axons as compared to infected WT neurons. These findings point to altered dynamics of the nuclear envelope in cells with the patient genotype, which can provide assays to screen for therapeutic agents that can normalize these cells.
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11
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Serrano JB, Martins F, Sousa JC, Pereira CD, van Pelt AMM, Rebelo S, da Cruz E Silva OAB. Descriptive Analysis of LAP1 Distribution and That of Associated Proteins throughout Spermatogenesis. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:E22. [PMID: 28387711 PMCID: PMC5489856 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis comprises highly complex differentiation processes. Nuclear envelope (NE) proteins have been associated with these processes, including lamins, lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP) 2 and the lamin B-receptor. LAP1 is an important NE protein whose function has not been fully elucidated, but several binding partners allow predicting putative LAP1 functions. To date, LAP1 had not been associated with spermatogenesis. In this study, LAP1 expression and cellular/subcellular localization during spermatogenesis in human and mouse testes is established for the first time. The fact that LAP1 is expressed during nuclear elongation in spermiogenesis and is located at the spermatids' centriolar pole is singularly important. LAP1 binds to members of the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) family. Similar localization of LAP1 and PP1γ2, a testis-specific PP1 isoform, suggests a shared function for both proteins during spermiogenesis. Furthermore, this study suggests an involvement of LAP1 in manchette development and chromatin regulation possibly via interaction with acetylated α-tubulin and lamins, respectively. Taken together, the present results indicate that, by moving to the posterior pole in spermatids, LAP1 can contribute to the achievement of non-random, sperm-specific chromatin distribution, as well as modulate cellular remodeling during spermiogenesis. In addition, LAP1 seems to be associated with dynamic microtubule changes related to manchette formation and flagella development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana B Serrano
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Martins
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João C Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Cátia D Pereira
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ans M M van Pelt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Neuroscience and Signaling Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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12
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Kong FY, Zhu T, Li N, Cai YF, Zhou K, Wei X, Kou YB, You HJ, Zheng KY, Tang RX. Bioinformatics analysis of the proteins interacting with LASP-1 and their association with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44017. [PMID: 28266596 PMCID: PMC5339786 DOI: 10.1038/srep44017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LIM and SH3 domain protein (LASP-1) is responsible for the development of several types of human cancers via the interaction with other proteins; however, the precise biological functions of proteins interacting with LASP-1 are not fully clarified. Although the role of LASP-1 in hepatocarcinogenesis has been reported, the implication of LASP-1 interactors in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not clearly evaluated. We obtained information regarding LASP-1 interactors from public databases and published studies. Via bioinformatics analysis, we found that LASP-1 interactors were related to distinct molecular functions and associated with various biological processes. Through an integrated network analysis of the interaction and pathways of LASP-1 interactors, cross-talk between different proteins and associated pathways was found. In addition, LASP-1 and several its interactors are significantly altered in HBV-related HCC through microarray analysis and could form a complex co-expression network. In the disease, LASP-1 and its interactors were further predicted to be regulated by a complex interaction network composed of different transcription factors. Besides, numerous LASP-1 interactors were associated with various clinical factors and related to the survival and recurrence of HBV-related HCC. Taken together, these results could help enrich our understanding of LASP-1 interactors and their relationships with HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Yun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Fei Cai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Bo Kou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Juan You
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Saunders CA, Harris NJ, Willey PT, Woolums BM, Wang Y, McQuown AJ, Schoenhofen A, Worman HJ, Dauer WT, Gundersen GG, Luxton GWG. TorsinA controls TAN line assembly and the retrograde flow of dorsal perinuclear actin cables during rearward nuclear movement. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:657-674. [PMID: 28242745 PMCID: PMC5350507 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201507113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus is positioned toward the rear of most migratory cells. In fibroblasts and myoblasts polarizing for migration, retrograde actin flow moves the nucleus rearward, resulting in the orientation of the centrosome in the direction of migration. In this study, we report that the nuclear envelope-localized AAA+ (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) torsinA (TA) and its activator, the inner nuclear membrane protein lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1), are required for rearward nuclear movement during centrosome orientation in migrating fibroblasts. Both TA and LAP1 contributed to the assembly of transmembrane actin-associated nuclear (TAN) lines, which couple the nucleus to dorsal perinuclear actin cables undergoing retrograde flow. In addition, TA localized to TAN lines and was necessary for the proper mobility of EGFP-mini-nesprin-2G, a functional TAN line reporter construct, within the nuclear envelope. Furthermore, TA and LAP1 were indispensable for the retrograde flow of dorsal perinuclear actin cables, supporting the recently proposed function for the nucleus in spatially organizing actin flow and cytoplasmic polarity. Collectively, these results identify TA as a key regulator of actin-dependent rearward nuclear movement during centrosome orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmo A Saunders
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Nathan J Harris
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Patrick T Willey
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brian M Woolums
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Yuexia Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Alex J McQuown
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Amy Schoenhofen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - William T Dauer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - G W Gant Luxton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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14
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Robin JD, Magdinier F. Physiological and Pathological Aging Affects Chromatin Dynamics, Structure and Function at the Nuclear Edge. Front Genet 2016; 7:153. [PMID: 27602048 PMCID: PMC4993774 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins are intermediate filaments that form a complex meshwork at the inner nuclear membrane. Mammalian cells express two types of Lamins, Lamins A/C and Lamins B, encoded by three different genes, LMNA, LMNB1, and LMNB2. Mutations in the LMNA gene are associated with a group of phenotypically diverse diseases referred to as laminopathies. Lamins interact with a large number of binding partners including proteins of the nuclear envelope but also chromatin-associated factors. Lamins not only constitute a scaffold for nuclear shape, rigidity and resistance to stress but also contribute to the organization of chromatin and chromosomal domains. We will discuss here the impact of A-type Lamins loss on alterations of chromatin organization and formation of chromatin domains and how disorganization of the lamina contributes to the patho-physiology of premature aging syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme D Robin
- IRCAN, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France
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