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Astorino C, De Nardo E, Lettieri S, Ferraro G, Pirri CF, Bocchini S. Advancements in Gas Separation for Energy Applications: Exploring the Potential of Polymer Membranes with Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM). MEMBRANES 2023; 13:903. [PMID: 38132907 PMCID: PMC10744731 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) are promising candidates for energy-efficient industrial gas separations, especially for the separation of carbon dioxide over methane (CO2/CH4) and carbon dioxide over nitrogen (CO2/N2) for natural gas/biogas upgrading and carbon capture from flue gases, respectively. Compared to other separation techniques, membrane separations offer potential energy and cost savings. Ultra-permeable PIM-based polymers are currently leading the trade-off between permeability and selectivity for gas separations, particularly in CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2. These membranes show a significant improvement in performance and fall within a linear correlation on benchmark Robeson plots, which are parallel to, but significantly above, the CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 Robeson upper bounds. This improvement is expected to enhance the credibility of polymer membranes for CO2 separations and stimulate further research in polymer science and applied engineering to develop membrane systems for these CO2 separations, which are critical to energy and environmental sustainability. This review aims to highlight the state-of-the-art strategies employed to enhance gas separation performances in PIM-based membranes while also mitigating aging effects. These strategies include chemical post-modification, crosslinking, UV and thermal treatment of PIM, as well as the incorporation of nanofillers in the polymeric matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Astorino
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (C.A.); (E.D.N.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Eugenio De Nardo
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (C.A.); (E.D.N.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Stefania Lettieri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (C.A.); (E.D.N.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Sergio Bocchini
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy; (C.A.); (E.D.N.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
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Gogoi A, Barman H, Mandal S, Seth S. Removal of dyes using polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs): a recent approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12799-12812. [PMID: 37815313 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03248e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Removal of dyes from various industrial effluents is a great challenge, and cost-effective methods and materials with high dye removal efficacy are in high demand. Adsorption, nanofiltration and photocatalytic degradation are three major techniques that have been investigated for dye removal. PIMs are promising materials for use in these three methods based on their attributes, such as microporosity, solution processibility, high chemical stability and tunability through facile synthesis and easy postmodification. Although the number of reports on dye removal employing PIMs are limited, some of the materials have been shown to exhibit good dye separation properties, which are comparable to those of the state-of-the-art material activated carbon. In this highlight, we make an account of progress in PIMs and PIM-based composite materials in different dye removal processes over the last decade. Furthermore, we discuss the existing challenges of PIM-based materials and aim to analyze the key parameters for improving their dye removal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Gogoi
- Department of Applied Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, India.
| | - Hima Barman
- Department of Applied Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, India.
| | - Susovan Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram-721507, India
| | - Saona Seth
- Department of Applied Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, India.
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Intermolecular cross-linked polymer of intrinsic microporosity-1 (PIM-1)-based thin-film composite hollow fiber membrane for organic solvent nanofiltration. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Peng Y, Xia Z, Song Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang P. Highly carboxylic acid functionalized PIM‐1 by hydrothermal method: Mechanistic study of gas separation properties. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Peng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Zhenbao Xia
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Yuanhang Song
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Yuexia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Yanhui Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong China
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McKeown NB. The structure-property relationships of Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs). Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ling H, Jin J. Improved synthesis route and performance of azide modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity after thermal self-crosslinking. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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New Antiadhesive Hydrophobic Polysiloxanes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040814. [PMID: 33557279 PMCID: PMC7914690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic hydrophobicity is the reason for efficient bacterial settlement and biofilm growth on silicone materials. Those unwelcomed phenomena may play an important role in pathogen transmission. We have proposed an approach towards the development of new anti-biofilm strategies that resulted in novel antimicrobial hydrophobic silicones. Those functionalized polysiloxanes grafted with side 2-(carboxymethylthioethyl)-, 2-(n-propylamidomethylthioethyl)- and 2-(mercaptoethylamidomethylthioethyl)- groups showed a wide range of antimicrobial properties towards selected strains of bacteria (reference strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and water-borne isolates Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Aeromonas hydrophila), fungi (Aureobasidium pullulans) and algae (Chlorella vulgaris), which makes them valuable antibacterial and antibiofilm agents. Tested microorganisms showed various levels of biofilm formation, but particularly effective antibiofilm activity was demonstrated for bacterial isolate A. hydrophila with high adhesion abilities. In the case of modified surfaces, the relative coefficient of adhesion for this strain was 18 times lower in comparison to the control glass sample.
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Nowacka M, Makowski T, Kowalewska A. Hybrid Fluorescent Poly(silsesquioxanes) with Amide- and Triazole-Containing Side Groups for Light Harvesting and Cation Sensing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4491. [PMID: 33050483 PMCID: PMC7600812 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid polymers containing pyrene (Py) units bound to linear poly(silsesquioxane) (LPSQ) chains through flexible linkers containing heteroatoms (S, N, O) (LPSQ-triazole-Py and LPSQ-amide-Py) exhibit intense fluorescence emission, both in very diluted solutions (c = 10-8 mol/L) and in the solid state. The materials are thermally stable and exhibit good thin film forming abilities. Their optical and physicochemical properties were found to be strongly dependent on the structure of the side chains. Comparative studies with octahedral silsesquioxane (POSS) analogues (POSS-triazole-Py and POSS-amide-Py) emphasized the role of the specific double-strand architecture of the LPSQ backbone and distribution of side Py groups for their photo-luminescent properties. The new hybrid materials were tested as fluorescence energy donors to red-emitting dyes (Nile Red and Coumarine 6). All the silsesquioxanes studied were found to be able to transfer FL emission energy to Coumarin 6, irrespectively of their spatial structure. However, due to the differences in the wavelength range of FL emission, only LPSQ-triazole-Py were able to act as energy donors to Nile Red. The Py-grafted LPSQ may be also applied for development of soluble and highly emissive chemosensors. Their fluorescent nature was explored for the detection of Cu(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ag(I), Hg(II), Mg(II), Ca(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II). The morphology of the side chains and hydrogen-bonding interactions influenced the sensing capacity of all the studied materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nowacka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland; (T.M.); (A.K.)
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Ling H, Qazvini OT, Telfer SG, Jin J. Effective enhancement of selectivities and capacities for
CO
2
over
CH
4
and
N
2
of polymers of intrinsic microporosity via postsynthesis metalation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ling
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Dodd‐Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies Auckland New Zealand
| | - Omid T. Qazvini
- MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Fundamental Sciences Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Shane G. Telfer
- MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Fundamental Sciences Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Jianyong Jin
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Dodd‐Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies Auckland New Zealand
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Chislett M, Guo J, Bond PL, Jones A, Yuan Z. Structural Changes in Cell-Wall and Cell-Membrane Organic Materials Following Exposure to Free Nitrous Acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10301-10312. [PMID: 32806920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrate that free nitrous acid (FNA, i.e., HNO2) is biocidal for a range of microorganisms. The biocidal mechanisms of FNA are largely unknown. In this work, it is hypothesized that FNA will break bonds in molecules found in the cell envelope, thus causing cell lysis. Selected molecules representing components found in the cell envelope were treated with FNA at 6.09 mg N/L (NO2- = 250 mg N/L, pH 5.0) for 24 h (conditions typically used in applications) to evaluate the hypothesized chemical interactions. Molecular changes were observed using analytical techniques including proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). It was found that FNA broke down a range of cell envelope molecules. The spectral data demonstrated that the FNA reactions proceeded via two general pathways. One consisted of electrophilic substitution, whereby the nitrosonium ion (NO+) was the reactive electrophile. The other was via oxidative reactions involving nitrogen radicals (e.g., •NO2 and •NO) formed from the decomposition of FNA. We further revealed that it was HNO2 that caused the breakdown, rather than the exclusive action of the acid (H+) or nitrite (NO2-) counterparts. The fragmentation of these representative cell envelope molecules provides insight into the biocidal effects of FNA on microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Chislett
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alun Jones
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Mizrahi Rodriguez K, Wu AX, Qian Q, Han G, Lin S, Benedetti FM, Lee H, Chi WS, Doherty CM, Smith ZP. Facile and Time-Efficient Carboxylic Acid Functionalization of PIM-1: Effect on Molecular Packing and Gas Separation Performance. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Mizrahi Rodriguez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Albert X. Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qihui Qian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sharon Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Francesco M. Benedetti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hyunhee Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Won Seok Chi
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Cara M. Doherty
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Zachary P. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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A Mechanism for the Adsorption of 2-(Hexadecanoylamino)Acetic Acid by Smithsonite: Surface Spectroscopy and Microflotation Experiments. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is mostly extracted from oxidized zinc and zinc sulfide minerals, and this process involves flotation as a key step. While it is easier to float the sulfide mineral, its consumption and depletion has led to an increased reliance on oxidized zinc minerals, including smithsonite. Hence, the development of efficient ways of collecting smithsonite by flotation is an important objective. Herein, we describe the use of 2-(hexadecanoylamino)acetic acid (HAA), a novel surfactant, as a collector during smithsonite flotation. The mechanism and flotation performance of HAA during smithsonite flotation was investigated by total organic carbon (TOC) content studies, zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, combined with microflotation experiments. The flotation results revealed that HAA was an excellent collector in pulp over a wide pH range (9–12) and at a relatively low concentration (2 × 10−4 mol/L), at which a recovery of close to 90% of the smithsonite mineral was obtained. TOC content studies revealed that the good flotation recovery was ascribable to large amounts of collector molecule adsorbed on the smithsonite surface, while zeta potential measurements showed that the HAA was chemically adsorbed onto the smithsonite. FTIR and XPS analyses revealed that the HAA collector molecules adsorbed onto the smithsonite surface as zinc–HAA complexes involving carboxylate moieties and Zn sites on the smithsonite surface in alkaline solution.
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