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Escobar Jaramillo M, Covarrubias C, Patiño González E, Ossa Orozco CP. Optimization by mixture design of chitosan/multi-phase calcium phosphate/BMP-2 biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106423. [PMID: 38290393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The modulation of cell behavior during culture is one of the most important aspects of bone tissue engineering because of the necessity for a complex mechanical and biochemical environment. This study aimed to improve the physicochemical properties of chitosan/multi-phase calcium phosphate (MCaP) scaffolds using an optimized mixture design experiment and evaluate the effect of biofunctionalization of the obtained scaffolds with the bone morphogenetic protein BMP-2 on stem cell behavior. The present study evaluated the compressive strength, elastic modulus, porosity, pore diameter, and degradation in simulated body fluids and integrated these responses using desirability. The properties of the scaffolds with the best desirability (18.4% of MCaP) were: compressive strength of 23 kPa, elastic modulus of 430 kPa, pore diameter of 163 μm, porosity of 92%, and degradation of 20% after 21 days. Proliferation and differentiation experiments were conducted using dental pulp stem cells after grafting BMP-2 onto scaffolds via the carbodiimide route. These experiments showed that MCaP promoted cell proliferation and increased alkaline phosphatase activity, whereas BMP-2 enhanced cell differentiation. This study demonstrates that optimizing the composition of a mixture of chitosan and MCaP improves the physicochemical and biological properties of scaffolds, indicating that this solution is viable for application in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Escobar Jaramillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomateriales, Programa de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
| | - Cristian Covarrubias
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Universidad de, Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Edwin Patiño González
- Grupo de Bioquímica Estructural de Macromoléculas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Claudia Patricia Ossa Orozco
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomateriales, Programa de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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Posada VM, Marin A, Mesa-Restrepo A, Nashed J, Allain JP. Enhancing silk fibroin structures and applications through angle-dependent Ar + plasma treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128352. [PMID: 38043660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
This study tackles limitations of Silk Fibroin (SF), including availability of sites for modification. This is achieved by Direct Plasma Nanosynthesis (DPNS), an Ar+ bombardment method, to generate and modify nanostructures and nanoscale properties on the SF surface. SF samples were treated with DPNS at incidence angles of 45o and 60o, with specific ion dose and energy parameters (1 × 1018 ions/cm2 and 500 eV, respectively) maintained throughout the process. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) primarily underscored transformations in SF's nitrogenous components. Specifically, treatment produced a boost in C-NH2, particularly pronounced in the 45o-treated samples, suggesting changes were more superficial than alterations to the secondary structure. The DPNS treatment gave rise to periodic nanocone structures on the SF surface, with a scale increase correlated to a higher angle of incidence. This resulted in a decrease in surface stiffness and significant changes in the motility of J774 macrophages interacting with the transformed SF. Furthermore, the SF samples treated at a 60o incidence showcased a confinement effect, moderating the macrophages' motility, morphology, and inflammatory response. The DPNS-induced alterations not only mitigate SF's limitations but also affect cellular behavior, expanding potential for SF in biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana M Posada
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
| | - Alexandru Marin
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA; Surface Analysis Laboratory, Institute for Nuclear Research Pitesti, Mioveni 115400, Romania
| | | | - Jordan Nashed
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Jean Paul Allain
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA; Lloyd & Dorothy Foehr Huck Chair in Plasma Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, USA
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Civantos A, Mesa-Restrepo A, Torres Y, Shetty AR, Cheng MK, Jaramillo-Correa C, Aditya T, Allain JP. Nanotextured porous titanium scaffolds by argon ion irradiation: Toward conformal nanopatterning and improved implant osseointegration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1850-1865. [PMID: 37334879 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Stress shielding and osseointegration are two main challenges in bone regeneration, which have been targeted successfully by chemical and physical surface modification methods. Direct irradiation synthesis (DIS) is an energetic ion irradiation method that generates self-organized nanopatterns conformal to the surface of materials with complex geometries (e.g., pores on a material surface). This work exposes porous titanium samples to energetic argon ions generating nanopatterning between and inside pores. The unique porous architected titanium (Ti) structure is achieved by mixing Ti powder with given amounts of spacer NaCl particles (vol % equal to 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%), compacted and sintered, and combined with DIS to generate a porous Ti with bone-like mechanical properties and hierarchical topography to enhance Ti osseointegration. The porosity percentages range between 25% and 30% using 30 vol % NaCl space-holder (SH) volume percentages to porosity rates of 63%-68% with SH volume of 70 vol % NaCl. Stable and reproducible nanopatterning on the flat surface between pores, inside pits, and along the internal pore walls are achieved, for the first time on any porous biomaterial. Nanoscale features were observed in the form of nanowalls and nanopeaks of lengths between 100 and 500 nm, thicknesses of 35-nm and heights between 100 and 200 nm on average. Bulk mechanical properties that mimic bone-like structures were observed along with increased wettability (by reducing contact values). Nano features were cell biocompatible and enhanced in vitro pre-osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Higher alkaline phosphatase levels and increased calcium deposits were observed on irradiated 50 vol % NaCl samples at 7 and 14 days. After 24 h, nanopatterned porous samples decreased the number of attached macrophages and the formation of foreign body giant cells, confirming nanoscale tunability of M1-M2 immuno-activation with enhanced osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Civantos
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Nick Holonyak, Jr., Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea Mesa-Restrepo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yadir Torres
- Department of Engineering and Materials Science and Transport, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Akshath R Shetty
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ming Kit Cheng
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Camilo Jaramillo-Correa
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Teresa Aditya
- The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean Paul Allain
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Nick Holonyak, Jr., Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wytrwal M, Sekuła-Stryjewska M, Pomorska A, Oclon E, Zuba-Surma E, Zapotoczny S, Szczubiałka K. Cellular Response to Bone Morphogenetic Proteins-2 and -7 Covalently Bound to Photocrosslinked Heparin-Diazoresin Multilayer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050842. [PMID: 37238712 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the plethora of research that exists on recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -7 (rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7) and has been clinically approved, there is still a need to gain information that would allow for their more rational use in bone implantology. The clinical application of supra-physiological dosages of these superactive molecules causes many serious adverse effects. At the cellular level, they play a role in osteogenesis and cellular adhesion, migration, and proliferation around the implant. Therefore, in this work, we investigated the role of the covalent binding of rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 separately and in combination with ultrathin multilayers composed of heparin and diazoresin in stem cells. In the first step, we optimized the protein deposition conditions via quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Then, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to analyze protein-substrate interactions. The effect of the protein binding on the initial cell adhesion, migration, and short-term expression of osteogenesis markers was tested. In the presence of both proteins, cell flattening and adhesion became more prominent, resulting in limited motility. However, the early osteogenic marker expression significantly increased compared to the single protein systems. The presence of single proteins resulted in the elongation of cells, which promoted their migration activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wytrwal
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Agata Pomorska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Oclon
- Laboratory of Recombinant Proteins Production, Centre for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 1C Redzina Street, 30-248 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczubiałka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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The Effect of the Topmost Layer and the Type of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Immobilization on the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169287. [PMID: 36012551 PMCID: PMC9408842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) plays a key role in the stem cell response, not only via its influence on osteogenesis, but also on cellular adhesion, migration, and proliferation. However, when applied clinically, its supra-physiological levels cause many adverse effects. Therefore, there is a need to concomitantly retain the biological activity of BMP-2 and reduce its doses. Currently, the most promising strategies involve site-specific and site-directed immobilization of rhBMP-2. This work investigated the covalent and electrostatic binding of rhBMP-2 to ultrathin-multilayers with chondroitin sulfate (CS) or diazoresin (DR) as the topmost layer. Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study the exposed chemical groups. The rhBMP-2 binding efficiency and protein state were studied with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Quartz crystal microbalance, atomic force microscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to analyze protein–substrate interactions. The effect of the topmost layer was tested on initial cell adhesion and short-term osteogenesis marker expression. The results show the highest expression of selected osteomarkers in cells cultured on the DR-ended layer, while the cellular flattening was rather poor compared to the CS-ended system. rhBMP-2 adhesion was observed only on negatively charged layers. Cell flattening became more prominent in the presence of the protein, even though the osteogenic gene expression decreased.
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Accioni F, Vázquez J, Merinero M, Begines B, Alcudia A. Latest Trends in Surface Modification for Dental Implantology: Innovative Developments and Analytical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:455. [PMID: 35214186 PMCID: PMC8876580 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in the world population and its life expectancy, as well as the ongoing concern about our physical appearance, have elevated the relevance of dental implantology in recent decades. Engineering strategies to improve the survival rate of dental implants have been widely investigated, focusing on implant material composition, geometry (usually guided to reduce stiffness), and interface surrounding tissues. Although efforts to develop different implant surface modifications are being applied in commercial dental prostheses today, the inclusion of surface coatings has gained special interest, as they can be tailored to efficiently enhance osseointegration, as well as to reduce bacterial-related infection, minimizing peri-implantitis appearance and its associated risks. The use of biomaterials to replace teeth has highlighted the need for the development of reliable analytical methods to assess the therapeutic benefits of implants. This literature review considers the state-of-the-art strategies for surface modification or coating and analytical methodologies for increasing the survival rate for teeth restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Accioni
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (F.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Juan Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Manuel Merinero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (F.A.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Belén Begines
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (F.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Ana Alcudia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (F.A.); (M.M.)
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