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McMahon MI. Probing extreme states of matter using ultra-intense x-ray radiation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:043001. [PMID: 33725673 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abef26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extreme states of matter, that is, matter at extremes of density (pressure) and temperature, can be created in the laboratory either statically or dynamically. In the former, the pressure-temperature state can be maintained for relatively long periods of time, but the sample volume is necessarily extremely small. When the extreme states are generated dynamically, the sample volumes can be larger, but the pressure-temperature conditions are maintained for only short periods of time (ps toμs). In either case, structural information can be obtained from the extreme states by the use of x-ray scattering techniques, but the x-ray beam must be extremely intense in order to obtain sufficient signal from the extremely-small or short-lived sample. In this article I describe the use of x-ray diffraction at synchrotrons and XFELs to investigate how crystal structures evolve as a function of density and temperature. After a brief historical introduction, I describe the developments made at the Synchrotron Radiation Source in the 1990s which enabled the almost routine determination of crystal structure at high pressures, while also revealing that the structural behaviour of materials was much more complex than previously believed. I will then describe how these techniques are used at the current generation of synchrotron and XFEL sources, and then discuss how they might develop further in the future at the next generation of x-ray lightsources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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Takagi S, Ichiyanagi K, Kyono A, Nozawa S, Kawai N, Fukaya R, Funamori N, Adachi SI. Development of shock-dynamics study with synchrotron-based time-resolved X-ray diffraction using an Nd:glass laser system. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:371-377. [PMID: 32153275 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519016084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The combination of high-power laser and synchrotron X-ray pulses allows us to observe material responses under shock compression and release states at the crystal structure on a nanosecond time scale. A higher-power Nd:glass laser system for laser shock experiments was installed as a shock driving source at the NW14A beamline of PF-AR, KEK, Japan. It had a maximum pulse energy of 16 J, a pulse duration of 12 ns and a flat-top intensity profile on the target position. The shock-induced deformation dynamics of polycrystalline aluminium was investigated using synchrotron-based time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) under laser-induced shock. The shock pressure reached up to about 17 GPa with a strain rate of at least 4.6 × 107 s-1 and remained there for nanoseconds. The plastic deformation caused by the shock-wave loading led to crystallite fragmentation. The preferred orientation of the polycrystalline aluminium remained essentially unchanged during the shock compression and release processes in this strain rate. The newly established time-resolved XRD experimental system can provide useful information for understanding the complex dynamic compression and release behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Takagi
- Division of Earth Evolution Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ichiyanagi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kyono
- Division of Earth Evolution Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kawai
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukaya
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Funamori
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shin Ichi Adachi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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Ichiyanagi K, Takagi S, Kawai N, Fukaya R, Nozawa S, Nakamura KG, Liss KD, Kimura M, Adachi SI. Microstructural deformation process of shock-compressed polycrystalline aluminum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7604. [PMID: 31110218 PMCID: PMC6527857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic deformation of polycrystalline materials under shock wave loading is a critical characteristic in material science and engineering. However, owing to the nanosecond time scale of the shock-induced deformation process, we currently have a poor mechanistic understanding of the structural changes from atomic scale to mesoscale. Here, we observed the dynamic grain refinement of polycrystalline aluminum foil under laser-driven shock wave loading using time-resolved X-ray diffraction. Diffraction spots on the Debye-Scherrer ring from micrometer-sized aluminum grains appeared and disappeared irregularly, and were shifted and broadened as a result of laser-induced shock wave loading. Behind the front of shock wave, large grains in aluminum foil were deformed, and subsequently exhibited grain rotation and a reduction in size. The width distribution of the diffraction spots broadened because of shock-induced grain refinement and microstrain in each grain. We performed quantitative analysis of the inhomogeneous lattice strain and grain size in the shocked polycrysalline aluminum using the Williamson-Hall method and determined the dislocation density under shock wave loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Ichiyanagi
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan. .,Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.
| | - Sota Takagi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.,Division of Earth Evolution Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kawai
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukaya
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kazutaka G Nakamura
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R3-10, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Klaus-Dieter Liss
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Masao Kimura
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
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Tang MX, Zhang YY, E JC, Luo SN. Simulations of X-ray diffraction of shock-compressed single-crystal tantalum with synchrotron undulator sources. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:748-756. [PMID: 29714184 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751800499x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychromatic synchrotron undulator X-ray sources are useful for ultrafast single-crystal diffraction under shock compression. Here, simulations of X-ray diffraction of shock-compressed single-crystal tantalum with realistic undulator sources are reported, based on large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. Purely elastic deformation, elastic-plastic two-wave structure, and severe plastic deformation under different impact velocities are explored, as well as an edge release case. Transmission-mode diffraction simulations consider crystallographic orientation, loading direction, incident beam direction, X-ray spectrum bandwidth and realistic detector size. Diffraction patterns and reciprocal space nodes are obtained from atomic configurations for different loading (elastic and plastic) and detection conditions, and interpretation of the diffraction patterns is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Tang
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - J C E
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - S N Luo
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
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Kalita P, Specht P, Root S, Sinclair N, Schuman A, White M, Cornelius AL, Smith J, Sinogeikin S. Direct Observations of a Dynamically Driven Phase Transition with in situ X-Ray Diffraction in a Simple Ionic Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:255701. [PMID: 29303337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.255701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report real-time observations of a phase transition in the ionic solid CaF_{2}, a model AB_{2} structure in high-pressure physics. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction coupled with dynamic loading to 27.7 GPa, and separately with static compression, follows, in situ, the fluorite to cotunnite structural phase transition, both on nanosecond and on minute time scales. Using Rietveld refinement techniques, we examine the kinetics and hysteresis of the transition. Our results give insight into the kinetic time scale of the fluorite-cotunnite phase transition under shock compression, which is relevant to a number of isomorphic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kalita
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87125, USA
| | - Paul Specht
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87125, USA
| | - Seth Root
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87125, USA
| | - Nicholas Sinclair
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Adam Schuman
- Dynamic Compression Sector, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Melanie White
- High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Andrew L Cornelius
- High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Jesse Smith
- High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Stanislav Sinogeikin
- High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Nanocrystallization in the Duplex Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Processed by Multiple Laser Shock Peening. METALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/met6120297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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