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Syngkli S, Singh SK, Rani RM, Das B. Genistein and metformin regulate glycerol kinase and the enzymes of glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle in a differential manner in myocytes, hepatocytes and adipocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132296. [PMID: 38740159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Glycerol kinase (GK) and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) are critical in glucose homeostasis. The role of genistein and metformin on these enzymes and glucose production was investigated in C2C12, HepG2, and 3T3-L1 cells. Enzyme kinetics, Real-Time PCR and western blots were performed to determine enzyme activities and expressions of mRNAs and proteins. Glucose production and uptake were also measured in these cells. siRNAs were used to assess their impact on the enzymes and glucose production. Ki values for the compounds were determined using purified GK and GPDH. Genistein decreased GK activity by ∼45 %, while metformin reduced cGPDH and mGPDH activities by ∼32 % and ∼43 %, respectively. Insignificant changes in expressions (mRNAs and proteins) of the enzymes were observed. The compounds showed dose-dependent alterations in glucose production and uptake in these cells. Genistein non-competitively inhibited His-GK activity (Ki 19.12 μM), while metformin non-competitively inhibited His-cGPDH (Ki 75.52 μM) and mGPDH (Ki 54.70 μM) activities. siRNAs transfection showed ∼50 % and ∼35 % decrease in activities of GK and mGPDH and a decrease in glucose production (0.38-fold and 0.42-fold) in 3T3-L1 cells. Considering the differential effects of the compounds, this study may provide insights into the potential therapeutic strategies for type II diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Superior Syngkli
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Sumit K Singh
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Riva M Rani
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Bidyadhar Das
- Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
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Vélez GQ, Carmona-Sarabia L, Santiago AP, Figueroa Guzmán AF, Hu C, Peterson-Peguero E, López-Mejías V. Beyond Antiresorptive Activity: Risedronate-Based Coordination Complexes To Potentially Treat Osteolytic Metastases. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:973-986. [PMID: 36786674 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of clinically employed bisphosphonate, risedronate (RISE), to bioactive metals, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+, allowed the formation of bisphosphonate-based coordination complexes (BPCCs). Three RISE-based BPCCs, RISE-Ca, RISE-Mg, and RISE-Zn, were produced, and their structures were elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, the addition of an auxiliary ligand, etidronic acid (HEDP), resulted in the recrystallized protonated form of the ligand, H-RISE. The pH-dependent structural stability of the RISE-based BPCCs was measured by means of dissolution profiles under neutral and acidic simulated physiological conditions (PBS and FaSSGF, respectively). In comparison to RISE (Actonel), the complexes showed a lower equilibrium solubility (∼70-85% in 18-24 h) in PBS, while a higher equilibrium solubility (∼100% in 3 h) in acidic media. The results point to the capacity to release this BP in a pH-dependent manner from the RISE-based BPCCs. Subsequently, the particle size of RISE-Ca was reduced, from 300 μm to ∼350 d.nm, employing the phase inversion temperature (PIT)-nanoemulsion method, resulting in nano-Ca@RISE. Aggregation measurements of nano-Ca@RISE in 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS):H2O was monitored after 24, 48, and 72 h to study the particle size longevity in physiological media, showing that the suspended material has the potential to maintain its particle size over time. Furthermore, binding assays were performed to determine the potential binding of nano-Ca@RISE to the bone, where results show higher binding (∼1.7×) for the material to hydroxyapatite (HA, 30%) when compared to RISE (17%) in 1 d. The cytotoxicity effects of nano-Ca@RISE were compared to those of RISE against the human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and normal osteoblast-like hFOB 1.19 cell lines by dose-response curves and relative cell viability assays in an in vitro setting. The results demonstrate that nano-Ca@RISE significantly decreases the viability of MDA-MB-231 with high specificity, at concentrations ∼2-3× lower than the ones reported employing other third-generation BPs. This is supported by the fact that when normal osteoblast cells (hFOB 1.19), which are part of the tissue microenvironment at metastatic sites, were treated with nano-Ca@RISE no significant decrease in viability was observed. This study expands on the therapeutic potential of RISE beyond its antiresorptive activity through the design of BPCCs, specifically nano-Ca@RISE, that bind to the bone and degrade in a pH-dependent manner under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Quiñones Vélez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute and the Molecular Sciences Research Center Inc., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Lesly Carmona-Sarabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute and the Molecular Sciences Research Center Inc., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Alexandra París Santiago
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute and the Molecular Sciences Research Center Inc., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Angélica F Figueroa Guzmán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute and the Molecular Sciences Research Center Inc., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department of Chemistry and the Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6688, United States
| | - Esther Peterson-Peguero
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Vilmalí López-Mejías
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
- Crystallization Design Institute and the Molecular Sciences Research Center Inc., University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
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Chronic Gastric Ulcer Healing Actions of the Aqueous Extracts of Staple Plant Foods of the North-West, Adamawa, and West Regions of Cameroon. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:2657278. [PMID: 36654868 PMCID: PMC9842419 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2657278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim This study is aimed at establishing phenolic compound profile and assessing the possible antiulcer activities of aqueous extracts of some staple plant foods from the West and North-West regions of Cameroon against chronic gastric ulcer models in rats. Materials and Methods Phenolic constituents of extracts were evaluated using HPLC-DAD. Aqueous extracts of Corchorus olitorius, Solanum nigrum, Vigna unguiculata, Triumfetta pentandra, "nkui" spices, and "yellow soup" spices were tested at two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg). After treatments, animals were sacrificed, healing percentage and antioxidant status (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) were evaluated, and histological examination of gastric mucosa was realized. Results HPLC-DAD revealed that p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids were the phenolic compound present in all extracts. Oral administration of extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced ulcer surface value and significantly increased mucus production compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Histological study supported the observed healing activity of different extracts characterized by a reduced inflammatory response. Moreover, administration of aqueous extracts increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion This study revealed that aqueous extracts of Solanum nigrum, Corchorus olitorius, Vigna unguiculata, Triumfetta pentandra, "yellow soup" spices, and "nkui" spices possess healing antiulcer effects against models of gastric ulcers. The antiulcer mechanisms involved may include increase of gastric mucus production and improvement of the antioxidant activity of gastric tissue. These activities may be due to the phenolic compounds identified in the extracts, especially p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids present in all extracts and with known antioxidant, cytoprotective, and healing properties. However, all the diets may promote the healing process of chronic ulcers caused by excessive alcohol consumption/stress.
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Li Q, Xu J, Chen Y, Xie W, Mei G, Li X, Chen Y, Yang G. Chemical constituents from the seeds of Nigella glandulifera and their hypoglycemic activities. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19445-19451. [PMID: 35865566 PMCID: PMC9254149 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02628g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Nigella glandulifera Freyn et Sint. are traditional Uygur medicine used for the treatment of diabetes. However, the active anti-diabetic constituents in the seeds of N. glandulifera remain unclear. In the present study, a new delabellane-type diterpene, 8-denicotinoylnigellamine A1 (1), and a new acyclic sesquiterpene, 2,6,10-trimethyl-6,7,12-trihydroxy-dodec-2-ene (3), together with eight known compounds including alkaloids (2 and 7), triterpenoid saponins (4–6), and phenolic compounds (8–10), were isolated from the seeds of N. glandulifera. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations. We evaluated the potential protective effects of the isolated compounds on an insulin resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cell model. The results showed that compounds 2, 4–8, and 10 could promote the consumption of glucose in IR-HepG2 cells. Those compounds might be responsible for the anti-diabetic effects of the seeds of N. glandulifera. The seed of Nigella glandulifera Freyn et Sint. is a traditional Uygur medicine used for the treatment of diabetes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Yiyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Wenli Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Gui Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Xueni Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Guangzhong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 P. R. China +86 27 6784 1196 +86 27 6784 1196
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Song BR, Alam MB, Lee SH. Terpenoid-Rich Extract of Dillenia indica L. Bark Displays Antidiabetic Action in Insulin-Resistant C2C12 Cells and STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice by Attenuation of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071227. [PMID: 35883721 PMCID: PMC9312268 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a key role in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of patients with multiple diseases and diabetes. In this study, we examined the antidiabetic effects of a terpenoid-rich extract from Dillenia indica L. bark (TRDI) in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance (PA-IR) in C2C12 myotube and a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice model and explored the possible underlying mechanism. TRDI showed potential DPPH- and ABTS-radical scavenging effects with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 9.76 ± 0.50 µg/mL and 17.47 ± 1.31 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, TRDI strongly mitigated α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 3.03 ± 1.01 µg/mL, which was 92-fold higher than the positive control, acarbose (IC50 = 279.49 ± µg/mL). TRDI stimulated the insulin receptor substrarte-1 (INS-1), downregulated phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and protein kinase B (Akt) in both normal and PA-IR C2C12 cells as well as in STZ-induced diabetic mice, enhanced glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane (PM), and increased glucose absorption. Furthermore, TRDI administration significantly reduced PA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in C2C12 cells and increased the protein level of numerous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, TRDI facilitated nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and increased HO-1 expression in PA-IR C2C12 cells and STZ-induced diabetic mice. However, for the inhibition of Nrf2, TRDI failed to resist the effects of IR. Thus, this study provides new evidence to support the use of TRDI for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Rim Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (B.-R.S.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (B.-R.S.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (B.-R.S.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7754
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Nwakiban Atchan A, Shivashankara ST, Piazza S, Tchamgoue AD, Beretta G, Dell’Agli M, Magni P, Agbor GA, Kuiaté JR, Manjappara UV. Polyphenol-Rich Extracts of Xylopia and Aframomum Species Show Metabolic Benefits by Lowering Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11914-11928. [PMID: 35449947 PMCID: PMC9016817 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex condition associated with a series of pathologies featuring glucose intolerance, diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, overweight, and obesity. It is also related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recognized as the most familiar cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome and, consequently, the one of NAFLD is constantly increasing worldwide. The initial management of these diseases involves lifestyle modifications, including changes in diet and physical exercise. In addition to conventional drugs like orlistat, botanicals are traditionally used to counteract these disorders, and some of them are currently under evaluation. The present work evaluated the in vivo beneficial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of two Cameroonian spices, focusing on obesity-related hepatic lipid injury in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. Hydroethanolic extracts were prepared and characterized by reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-photodiode array detection and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple time-of-flight electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy (TOF-ESI-MS/MS) analysis. Plant extracts were orally administered for 30 days at different dose levels (100 and 200 mg kg-1 body weight (BW)) to obese C57BL/6 mice. Food intake (FI) and BW were recorded daily. Plasma biochemical parameters and lipid content were estimated at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Liver tissues were subjected to histological examinations, lipid content, as well as oxidative stress markers, and FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) were estimated. Oral administration of extracts at 200 mg kg-1 BW significantly reduced FI and prevented BW gain. A decrease in the weight of the liver and a decrease in the hepatic and plasma lipid content were observed. Plasma enzyme (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, SGOT; serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, SGPT; alkaline phosphatase, ALP) activities were not indicative of any organ damage. Chemical analysis suggested that phenolic acids (4-caffeoylquinic acid, p-coumaric acid 4-O-glucoside, 5-caffeoylshikimic acid, caffeic acid hexose, and 4-O-methyl gallic acid) and flavonoids (morusin derivatives, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, and homoisoflavanone) identified in the extracts could potentially justify the biological properties observed. The main findings of this study showed that Xylopia parviflora (A. Rich.) Benth and Aframomum citratum (Pereira ex Oliv. et Hanb.) K. Shum decreased hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice and confirmed, at least in part, our previous in vitro and ex vivo studies. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear and will be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpa Talkad Shivashankara
- Department
of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological
Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Armelle Deutou Tchamgoue
- Centre
for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants
Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé 13033, Cameroon
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department
of Environmental Science and Policy, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica,
Sesto San Giovanni, Via
Milanese, 300, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Gabriel Agbor Agbor
- Centre
for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants
Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé 13033, Cameroon
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiaté
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Dschang, P.O. Box 96, Dschang 67, Cameroon
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Akinyede KA, Hughes GD, Ekpo OE, Oguntibeju OO. Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Constituents, Activities and the GC-MS Quantification and Identification of Fatty Acids of Four Selected Helichrysum Species. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11080998. [PMID: 35448730 PMCID: PMC9028396 DOI: 10.3390/plants11080998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Helichrysum Mill. (Asteraceae) is a plant genus comprising distinctively of aromatic plants of about 500–600 species. Since most of these plants have not been previously studied, extensive profiling helps to validate their folkloric uses and determine their potential value as sources of plant-derived drug candidates. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the antioxidant activity (DPPH, NO, FRAP); total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and fatty acid compositions of the aqueous acetone extracts from four Helichrysum plants namely, Helichrysum pandurifolium, Helichrysum foetidum, Helichrysum petiolare, and Helichrysum cymocum. The results obtained showed that the H. cymocum extract had the best DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 11.85 ± 3.20 µg/mL) and H. petiolare extract had the best nitric oxide scavenging activity (IC50 = 20.81 ± 3.73 µg/mL), while H. pandurifolium Schrank extract (0.636 ± 0.005 µg/mL) demonstrated the best ferrous reducing power, all of which are comparable with results from ascorbic acid used as the standard. The IC50 values of the radical scavenging activity ranged from 11.85–41.13 µg/mL (DPPH), 20.81–36.19 µg/mL (NO), and 0.505–0.636 µg/mL (FRAP), for all the plants studied. The H. petiolare has the highest total antioxidant capacity (48.50 ± 1.55 mg/g), highest total phenolic content (54.69 ± 0.23 mg/g), and highest total flavonoid content (56.19 ± 1.01 mg/g) compared with other species. The fatty acid methyl esters were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results obtained showed variations in the fatty acid composition of the plant extracts, with H. petiolare having the highest saturated fatty acid (SFA) content (7184 µg/g) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content (7005.5 µg/g). In addition, H. foetidum had the highest monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content (1150.3 µg/g), while H. cymocum had the highest PUFA:SFA ratio of 1.202. In conclusion, the findings from this study revealed that H. pandurifolium Schrank, H. foetidum, H. petiolare, and H. cymocum are repositories of natural bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting benefits that need to be investigated, for both their antioxidant activity in a number of disease conditions and for further exploration in drug discovery and development projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolajo Adedamola Akinyede
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (G.D.H.); (O.E.E.)
- Department of Science Technology, Biochemistry Unit, The Federal Polytechnic P.M.B.5351, Ado Ekiti 360231, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (K.A.A.); (O.O.O.); Tel.: +27-839-612-040 (K.A.A.); +27-219-538-495 (O.O.O.)
| | - Gail Denise Hughes
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (G.D.H.); (O.E.E.)
| | - Okobi Eko Ekpo
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (G.D.H.); (O.E.E.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence: (K.A.A.); (O.O.O.); Tel.: +27-839-612-040 (K.A.A.); +27-219-538-495 (O.O.O.)
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Akinyede KA, Oyewusi HA, Hughes GD, Ekpo OE, Oguntibeju OO. In Vitro Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Aqueous Acetone Helichrysum petiolare Extract (AAHPE) with Molecular Docking Relevance in Diabetes Mellitus. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010155. [PMID: 35011387 PMCID: PMC8746515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition that can lead to significant complications and a high fatality rate worldwide. Efforts are ramping up to find and develop novel α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors that are both effective and potentially safe. Traditional methodologies are being replaced with new techniques that are less complicated and less time demanding; yet, both the experimental and computational strategies are viable and complementary in drug discovery and development. As a result, this study was conducted to investigate the in vitro anti-diabetic potential of aqueous acetone Helichrysum petiolare and B.L Burtt extract (AAHPE) using a 2-NBDG, 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino)-2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake assay. In addition, we performed molecular docking of the flavonoid constituents identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) from AAHPE with the potential to serve as effective and safe α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, which are important in drug discovery and development. The results showed that AAHPE is a potential inhibitor of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 46.50 ± 6.17 (µg/mL) and 37.81 ± 5.15 (µg/mL), respectively. This is demonstrated by a significant increase in the glucose uptake activity percentage in a concentration-dependent manner compared to the control, with the highest AAHPE concentration of 75 µg/mL of glucose uptake activity being higher than metformin, a standard anti-diabetic drug, in the insulin-resistant HepG2 cell line. The molecular docking results displayed that the constituents strongly bind α-amylase and α-glucosidase while achieving better binding affinities that ranged from ΔG = -7.2 to -9.6 kcal/mol (compared with acarbose ΔG = -6.1 kcal/mol) for α-amylase, and ΔG = -7.3 to -9.0 kcal/mol (compared with acarbose ΔG = -6.3 kcal/mol) for α-glucosidase. This study revealed the potential use of the H. petiolare plant extract and its phytochemicals, which could be explored to develop potent and safe α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors to treat postprandial glycemic levels in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolajo Adedamola Akinyede
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (G.D.H.); (O.E.E.)
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science Technology, The Federal Polytechnic P.M.B.5351, Ado Ekiti 360231, Ekiti State, Nigeria;
- Correspondence: (K.A.A.); (O.O.O.); Tel.: +27-839-612-040 (K.A.A.); +27-219-538-495 (O.O.O.)
| | - Habeebat Adekilekun Oyewusi
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science Technology, The Federal Polytechnic P.M.B.5351, Ado Ekiti 360231, Ekiti State, Nigeria;
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Gail Denise Hughes
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (G.D.H.); (O.E.E.)
| | - Okobi Eko Ekpo
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (G.D.H.); (O.E.E.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence: (K.A.A.); (O.O.O.); Tel.: +27-839-612-040 (K.A.A.); +27-219-538-495 (O.O.O.)
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Atchan Nwakiban AP, Passarelli A, Da Dalt L, Olivieri C, Demirci TN, Piazza S, Sangiovanni E, Carpentier-Maguire E, Martinelli G, Shivashankara ST, Manjappara UV, Tchamgoue AD, Agbor GA, Kuiate JR, Daglia M, Dell’Agli M, Magni P. Cameroonian Spice Extracts Modulate Molecular Mechanisms Relevant to Cardiometabolic Diseases in SW 872 Human Liposarcoma Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124271. [PMID: 34959824 PMCID: PMC8706885 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases is known to be influenced by dysfunctional ectopic adipose tissue. In addition to lifestyle improvements, these conditions may be managed by novel nutraceutical products. This study evaluatedthe effects of 11 Cameroonian medicinal spice extracts on triglyceride accumulation, glucose uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and interleukin secretion in SW 872 human adipocytes after differentiation with 100 µM oleic acid. Triglyceride content was significantly reduced by all spice extracts. Glucose uptake was significantly increased by Tetrapleura tetraptera, Aframomum melegueta and Zanthoxylum leprieurii. Moreover, Xylopia parviflora, Echinops giganteus and Dichrostachys glomerata significantly reduced the production of ROS. Concerning pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, we observed that Tetrapleura tetraptera, Echinops giganteus, Dichrostachys glomerata and Aframomum melegueta reduced IL-6 secretion. In addition, Xylopia parviflora, Monodora myristica, Zanthoxylum leprieurii, and Xylopia aethiopica reduced IL-8 secretion, while Dichrostachys glomerata and Aframomum citratum increased it. These findings highlight some interesting properties of these Cameroonian spice extracts in the modulation of cellular parameters relevant to cardiometabolic diseases, which may be further exploited, aiming to develop novel treatment options for these conditions based on nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Da Dalt
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Olivieri
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Tugba Nur Demirci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Shilpa Talkad Shivashankara
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570 020, India; (S.T.S.); (U.V.M.)
| | - Uma Venkateswaran Manjappara
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore 570 020, India; (S.T.S.); (U.V.M.)
| | - Armelle Deutou Tchamgoue
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé 4123, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Gabriel Agbor Agbor
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé 4123, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, Cameroon; (A.P.A.N.); (J.-R.K.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (P.M.); Tel.: +39-0250318398 (M.D.); +39-0250318229 (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (L.D.D.); (C.O.); (T.N.D.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (P.M.); Tel.: +39-0250318398 (M.D.); +39-0250318229 (P.M.)
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Zhuang K, Jiang X, Liu R, Ye C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Quan S, Huang H. Formononetin Activates the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway Via Sirt1 to Improve Diabetic Renal Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:616378. [PMID: 33519483 PMCID: PMC7845558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.616378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for the induction of diabetic renal fibrosis. Thus, improving the state of oxidative stress can effectively prevent the further deterioration of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previous research has shown that formononetin (FMN), a flavonoid with significant antioxidant activity and Sirt1 activation effect, can improve diabetic renal fibrosis. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the effect of FMN on diabetic renal fibrosis have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we carried out in vivo experiments in a db/db (diabetic) mouse model and demonstrated that FMN activated the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway and improved oxidative stress by increasing levels of sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) protein level in renal tissue. We also found that this process reversed the up-regulation of fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and led to an improvement in renal insufficiency. In vitro results further showed that FMN significantly reversed the upregulation of FN and ICAM-1 in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) exposed to high glucose. FMN also promoted the expression of Nrf2 and widened its nuclear distribution. Thus, our data indicated that FMN inhibited hyperglycemia-induced superoxide overproduction by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. We also found that FMN up-regulated the expression of Sirt1 and that Sirt1 deficiency could block the activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in GMCs induced by high glucose. Finally, we found that Sirt1 deficiency could reverse the down-regulation of FN and ICAM-1 induced by FMN. Collectively, our data demonstrated that FMN up-regulated the expression of Sirt1 to activate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, improved oxidative stress in DN to prevent the progression of renal fibrosis. Therefore, FMN probably represents an efficient therapeutic option of patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhuang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyu Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renbin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Cunsi Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhan Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijian Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Nwakiban APA, Fumagalli M, Piazza S, Magnavacca A, Martinelli G, Beretta G, Magni P, Tchamgoue AD, Agbor GA, Kuiaté JR, Dell’Agli M, Sangiovanni E. Dietary Cameroonian Plants Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123787. [PMID: 33321889 PMCID: PMC7763248 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Cameroon, local plants are traditionally used as remedies for a variety of ailments. In this regard, several papers report health benefits of Cameroonian spices, which include antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, whereas gastric anti-inflammatory activities have never been previously considered. The present study investigates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hydro-alcoholic extracts of eleven Cameroonian spices in gastric epithelial cells (AGS and GES-1 cells). The extracts showed antioxidant properties in a cell-free system and reduced H2O2-induced ROS generation in gastric epithelial cells. After preliminary screening on TNFα-induced NF-κB driven transcription, six extracts from Xylopia parviflora, Xylopia aethiopica, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Dichrostachys glomerata, Aframomum melegueta, and Aframomum citratum were selected for further studies focusing on the anti-inflammatory activity. The extracts reduced the expression of some NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory mediators strictly involved in the gastric inflammatory process, such as IL-8, IL-6, and enzymes such as PTGS2 (COX-2), without affecting PTGS1 (COX-1). In conclusion, the selected extracts decreased pro-inflammatory markers by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling in gastric cells, justifying, in part, the traditional use of these spices. Other molecular mechanisms cannot be excluded, and further studies are needed to better clarify their biological activities at the gastric level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Parfait Atchan Nwakiban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96 Dschang, Cameroon; or (J.-R.K.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Andrea Magnavacca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Via Milanese, 300, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Armelle Deutou Tchamgoue
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, 4124 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Gabriel Agbor Agbor
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, 4124 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiaté
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96 Dschang, Cameroon; or (J.-R.K.)
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250-318-398
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
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