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Sobhy E, Kamal MM, Saad Y, Saleh DA, Elgohary R, Hassan MS. Effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation and exercise on quadriceps muscle quantity and quality in patients with cirrhosis as assessed by ultrasonography: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:108-118. [PMID: 38777422 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Sarcopenia and myosteatosis are common in patients with cirrhosis. The study aimed to evaluate efficacy of ultrasound to monitor muscle status during branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation and/or muscle exercise interventional approaches. PATIENTS AND METHODS A randomized controlled study, included 220 liver cirrhosis patients with Child- Pugh B and C, randomized into a control group (55 patients) received only the standard care, and interventional groups (165 patients) equally distributed into three subgroups, in addition to standard care, they received BCAA, programmed exercise, or BCAA and programmed exercise. At baseline and after 28 days, all participants were subjected to ultrasound-measured quadriceps muscle thickness and echo-intensity, muscle strength using handgrip, performance using short physical performance battery (SPPB), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and nutritional assessment using 7- point Subjective Global Assessment Score (SGA) and laboratory assessment. RESULTS All interventional groups showed a significant improvement in the ultrasound detected quadriceps muscle thickness (p = 0.001) and echo intensity, in addition to muscle strength, muscle performance, and SGA. Hematological parameters (hemoglobin and platelet count), biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, bilirubin, creatinine, urea and INR) and MELD score were also improved in the interventional groups. In Child-Pugh B patients BCAA combined with exercise showed an add-on effect. CONCLUSION BCAA supplements, programed muscle exercise and both are useful interventional methods in improving muscle quality and quantity in cirrhosis patients, which can be monitored by ultrasound. The best results can be achieved by combined intervention in Child-Pugh B, while in Child-Pugh C single intervention may lead to an acceptable improvement. The trial was registered retrospectively in the Clinical Trials Registry (registration number NCT06088550).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sobhy
- Intensive Care Unit, and Clinical Nutrition, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Kamal
- Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Saad
- Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ahmed Saleh
- Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Rasmia Elgohary
- Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Sayed Hassan
- Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Kumar A, Bellar A, Mishra S, Sekar J, Welch N, Dasarathy S. L-Isoleucine reverses hyperammonemia-induced myotube mitochondrial dysfunction and post-mitotic senescence. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109498. [PMID: 37871767 PMCID: PMC10841977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in the metabolism of ammonia, a cytotoxic endogenous metabolite, occur in a number of chronic diseases, with consequent hyperammonemia. Increased skeletal muscle ammonia uptake causes metabolic, molecular, and phenotype alterations including cataplerosis of (loss of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle intermediate) α-ketoglutarate (αKG), mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction, and senescence-associated molecular phenotype (SAMP). L-Isoleucine (Ile) is an essential, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) that simultaneously provides acetyl-CoA as an oxidative substrate and succinyl-CoA for anaplerosis (providing TCA cycle intermediates). Our multiomics analyses in myotubes and skeletal muscle from hyperammonemic mice and human patients with cirrhosis showed perturbations in BCAA transporters and catabolism. We, therefore, determined if Ile reverses hyperammonemia-induced impaired mitochondrial oxidative function and SAMP. Studies were performed in differentiated murine C2C12 myotubes that were early passage, late passage (senescent), or those depleted of LAT1/SLC7A5 and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myotubes (hiPSCM). Ile reverses hyperammonemia-induced reduction in the maximum respiratory capacity, complex I, II, and III functions in early passage murine myotubes and hiPSCM. Consistently, low ATP content and impaired global protein synthesis (high energy requiring cellular process) during hyperammonemia are reversed by Ile in murine myotubes and hiPSCM. Lower abundance of critical regulators of protein synthesis in mTORC1 signaling, and increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α are also reversed by Ile. Genetic depletion studies showed that Ile responses are independent of the amino acid transporter LAT1/SLC7A5. Our studies show that Ile reverses the hyperammonemia-induced impaired mitochondrial oxidative function, cataplerosis, and SAMP in a LAT1/SLC7A5 transporter-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Annette Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jinendiran Sekar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Welch
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Yao X, Kong X, Ren J, Cui Y, Chen S, Cheng J, Gao J, Sun J, Xu X, Hu W, Li H, Che F, Wan Q. Transcranial direct-current stimulation confers neuroprotection by regulating isoleucine-dependent signalling after rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3330-3346. [PMID: 37452630 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Isoleucine is a branched chain amino acid. The role of isoleucine in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unclear. Here, we show that the concentration of isoleucine is decreased in cerebrospinal fluid in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To our surprise, the level of intraneuronal isoleucine is increased in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia injury, the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that the increased activity of LAT1, an L-type amino acid transporter 1, leads to the elevation of intraneuronal isoleucine after OGD insult. Reducing the level of intraneuronal isoleucine promotes cell survival after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, but supplementing isoleucine aggravates the neuronal damage. To understand how isoleucine promotes ischemia-induced neuronal death, we reveal that isoleucine acts upstream to reduce the expression of CBFB (core binding factor β, a transcript factor involved in cell development and growth) and that the phosphatase PTEN acts downstream of CBFB to mediate isoleucine-induced neuronal damage after OGD insult. Interestingly, we demonstrate that direct-current stimulation reduces the level of intraneuronal isoleucine in cortical cultures subjected to OGD and that transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) decreases the cerebral infarct volume of MCAO rat through reducing LAT1-depencent increase of intraneuronal isoleucine. Together, these results lead us to conclude that LAT1 over activation-dependent isoleucine-CBFB-PTEN signal transduction pathway may mediate ischemic neuronal injury and that tDCS exerts its neuroprotective effect by suppressing LAT1 over activation-dependent signalling after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujin Yao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinyang Ren
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingchen Gao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiangdong Sun
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanting Li
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Central Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Gui-Hong Intelligent Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
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A Metabolomics-Based Investigation of the Effects of a Short-Term Body Weight Reduction Program in a Cohort of Adolescents with Obesity: A Prospective Interventional Clinical Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030529. [PMID: 36771236 PMCID: PMC9921209 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics applied to assess the response to a body weight reduction program (BWRP) may generate valuable information concerning the biochemical mechanisms/pathways underlying the BWRP-induced cardiometabolic benefits. The aim of the present study was to establish the BWRP-induced changes in the metabolomic profile that characterizes the obese condition. In particular, a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) targeted metabolomic approach was used to determine a total of 188 endogenous metabolites in the plasma samples of a cohort of 42 adolescents with obesity (female/male = 32/10; age = 15.94 ± 1.33 year; body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) = 2.96 ± 0.46) who underwent a 3-week BWRP, including hypocaloric diet, physical exercise, nutritional education, and psychological support. The BWRP was capable of significantly improving body composition (e.g., BMI SDS, p < 0.0001), glucometabolic homeostasis (e.g., glucose, p < 0.0001), and cardiovascular function (e.g., diastolic blood pressure, p = 0.016). A total of 64 metabolites were significantly reduced after the intervention (at least p < 0.05), including 53 glycerophospholipids (23 PCs ae, 21 PCs aa, and 9 lysoPCs), 7 amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, arginine, citrulline, tryptophan, glutamic acid, and leucine), the biogenic amine kynurenine, 2 sphingomyelins, and (free) carnitine (C0). On the contrary, three metabolites were significantly increased after the intervention (at least p < 0.05)-in particular, glutamine, trans-4-hydroxyproline, and the octadecenoyl-carnitine (C18:1). In conclusion, when administered to adolescents with obesity, a short-term BWRP is capable of changing the metabolomic profile in the plasma.
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Abstract
AIM Fibrosis is a common pathological feature of most types of chronic liver injuries. There is no specific treatment for liver fibrosis at present. The liver microenvironment, which fosters the survival and activity of liver cells, plays an important role in maintaining the normal structure and physiological function of the liver. The aim of this review is to deeply understand the role of the liver microenvironment in the dynamic and complicated development of liver fibrosis. METHODS After searching in Elsevier ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science databases using 'liver fibrosis' and 'microenvironment' as keywords, studies related to microenvironment in liver fibrosis was compiled and examined. RESULTS The homeostasis of the liver microenvironment is disrupted during the development of liver fibrosis, affecting liver cell function, causing various types of cell reactions, and changing the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, eventually affecting fibrosis formation. CONCLUSION Liver microenvironment may be important for identifying potential therapeutic targets, and restoring microenvironment homeostasis may be an important strategy for promoting the reversal of liver fibrosis.KEY MESSAGESThe homeostasis of the liver microenvironment is disrupted in liver fibrosis;A pro-fibrotic microenvironment is formed during the development of liver fibrosis;Restoring microenvironment homeostasis may be an important strategy for promoting the reversal of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- Department of General Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Lee H, Yoo JJ, Ahn SH, Kim BK. New Evidence of Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on the Prognosis of Patients With Advanced Liver Disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00542. [PMID: 36250703 PMCID: PMC9780118 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) might benefit patients with advanced liver disease. We assess its effects on prognosis compared with control from the meta-analysis. METHODS Study end points were development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mortality, and overall liver-related events (LREs). Risk ratios (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using random effects model and heterogeneity using I 2 statistic. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were included in this meta-analysis; 1,578 and 1,727 patients in oral BCAAs and control groups, respectively. From studies using RRs as outcome measures, oral BCAAs were better in preventing HE and LRE than controls, with RRs 0.684 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.497-0.941; P = 0.019) and 0.788 (95% CI 0.585-0.810; P < 0.001), respectively. Oral BCAAs had marginal effect on preventing HCC compared with control, with RR 0.791 (95% CI 0.619-1.011; P = 0.061); no significant difference in mortality was detected. From studies using HRs as outcome measures, oral BCAAs were superior to control in preventing LRE with adjusted HR 0.497 (95% CI 0.321-0.770; P = 0.002). In subgroups undergoing HCC resection, oral BCAAs had beneficial effect in preventing HE (RR 0.716, 95% CI 0.514-0.996; P = 0.047) and LRE (RR 0.716, 95% CI 0.595-0.860; P < 0.001). DISCUSSION Oral BCAAs could afford clinical benefits in reducing HE and LRE risks, especially among patients undergoing HCC resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyaung University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Vanweert F, Schrauwen P, Phielix E. Role of branched-chain amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes-related metabolic disturbances BCAA metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:35. [PMID: 35931683 PMCID: PMC9356071 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has been considered to have an emerging role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disturbances in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several studies showed elevated plasma BCAA levels in humans with insulin resistance and patients with T2D, although the underlying reason is unknown. Dysfunctional BCAA catabolism could theoretically be an underlying factor. In vitro and animal work collectively show that modulation of the BCAA catabolic pathway alters key metabolic processes affecting glucose homeostasis, although an integrated understanding of tissue-specific BCAA catabolism remains largely unknown, especially in humans. Proof-of-concept studies in rodents -and to a lesser extent in humans – strongly suggest that enhancing BCAA catabolism improves glucose homeostasis in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and T2D. In this review, we discuss several hypothesized mechanistic links between BCAA catabolism and insulin resistance and overview current available tools to modulate BCAA catabolism in vivo. Furthermore, this review considers whether enhancing BCAA catabolism forms a potential future treatment strategy to promote metabolic health in insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froukje Vanweert
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Salazar N, Ponce-Alonso M, Garriga M, Sánchez-Carrillo S, Hernández-Barranco AM, Redruello B, Fernández M, Botella-Carretero JI, Vega-Piñero B, Galeano J, Zamora J, Ferrer M, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Del Campo R. Fecal Metabolome and Bacterial Composition in Severe Obesity: Impact of Diet and Bariatric Surgery. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2106102. [PMID: 35903014 PMCID: PMC9341356 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to monitor the impact of a preoperative low-calorie diet and bariatric surgery on the bacterial gut microbiota composition and functionality in severe obesity and to compare sleeve gastrectomy (SG) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The study also aimed to incorporate big data analysis for the omics results and machine learning by a Lasso-based analysis to detect the potential markers for excess weight loss. Forty patients who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited (14 underwent SG, and 26 underwent RYGB). Each participant contributed 4 fecal samples (baseline, post-diet, 1 month after surgery and 3 months after surgery). The bacterial composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing using MiSeq (Illumina). Metabolic signatures associated to fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, biogenic amines, gamma-aminobutyric acid and ammonium were determined by gas and liquid chromatography. Orange 3 software was employed to correlate the variables, and a Lasso analysis was employed to predict the weight loss at the baseline samples. A correlation between Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) abundance and excess weight was observed only for the highest body mass indexes. The low-calorie diet had little impact on composition and targeted metabolic activity. RYGB had a deeper impact on bacterial composition and putrefactive metabolism than SG, although the excess weight loss was comparable in the two groups. Significantly higher ammonium concentrations were detected in the feces of the RYGB group. We detected individual signatures of composition and functionality, rather than a gut microbiota characteristic of severe obesity, with opposing tendencies for almost all measured variables in the two surgical approaches. The gut microbiota of the baseline samples was not useful for predicting excess weight loss after the bariatric process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa & Diet, Microbiota and Health Group. Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Ponce-Alonso
- Department of Microbiology, Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), & CIBERINFECT, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Garriga
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Begoña Redruello
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - María Fernández
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa & Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Botella-Carretero
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain,Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Vega-Piñero
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Galeano
- Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Zamora
- Unidad de Bioestadística Clínica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), & CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain & Women’s Health Research Unit. Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Instituto de Catálisis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa & Diet, Microbiota and Health Group. Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain,CONTACT Clara G. de Los Reyes-Gavilán Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa & Diet, Microbiota and Health Group. Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), & CIBERINFECT, Madrid, Spain,Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain,Rosa del Campo Department of Microbiology, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Lin YQ, Chen LN, Chen MT, Huang CC. Effects of Perch Essence Supplementation on Improving Exercise Performance and Anti-Fatigue in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031155. [PMID: 35162178 PMCID: PMC8834868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) has many nutrition and health benefits, being a rich source of macro and micronutrients, phospholipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a variety of essential minerals while having a high protein content. In addition to direct consumption, it is often made into a soup as an important nutritional supplement for strengthening the body and delaying fatigue. By extracting the essence, its quality can be controlled, and it is convenient to supplement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Santé premium silver perch essence (SPSPE) on improving exercise performance and anti-fatigue. Fifty male institute of cancer research (ICR) mice were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): (1) vehicle (vehicle control or water only), (2) isocaloric (0.93 g casein/kg/mice/day), (3) SPSPE-1X (0.99 g/kg/mice/day), (4) SPSPE-2X (1.98 g/kg/mice/day), and (5) SPSPE-5X (4.95 g/kg/mice/day). A sample or an equal volume of liquid was fed orally for four consecutive weeks. Grip strength and swimming exhaustion tests were used as exercise performance assessments. After 10 and 90 min of unloaded swimming, biochemical parameters of fatigue were evaluated. We found that supplementation with SPSPE for four consecutive weeks could significantly improve mice’s grip strength, exercise endurance performance, and glycogen content (p < 0.05), and significantly reduced post-exercise fatigue biochemical parameters, such as lactate, blood ammonia (NH3), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, and muscle damage index creatine kinase (CK) activity (p < 0.05). In summary, supplementation with SPSPE for 4 weeks could effectively improve exercise performance, reduce sports fatigue, and accelerate fatigue recovery. In addition, it did not cause any physiological or histopathological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
| | - Yu-Qian Lin
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
| | - Ling-Ni Chen
- Anyong Biotechnology, Inc., Kaohsiung City 827, Taiwan;
| | - Mu-Tsung Chen
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Shih Chien University, Taipei City 104, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2619)
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Ten Have GAM, Engelen MPKJ, Deutz NEP. In-vivo production of branched-chain amino acids, branched-chain keto acids, and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:43-49. [PMID: 34798641 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), branched-chain keto acids (BCKA), and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) have regained interest as food ingredients in health and disease. To support nutritional strategies, it is critical to gain insight into the whole body and transorgan kinetics of these components. We, therefore, reviewed the most recent literature in this field on in vivo analysis of BCAA, BCKA, and HMB kinetics in health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS With a new comprehensive metabolic flux analysis BCAA, BCKA, and HMB whole body production, interconversion and disposal rates can be measured simultaneously. Recent studies have provided us with a better understanding of whole-body and transorgan kinetics under postabsorptive, postprandial, hibernating, and lactating conditions. In human pathophysiological conditions like COPD, obesity, and diabetes, the added value of BCAA kinetic measurements over the commonly used concentration measurements only, is discussed. SUMMARY This article highlights the importance of implementing BCAA, BCKA, and HMB kinetic studies to further advance the field by gaining more mechanistic insights and providing direction to the development of new targeted (nutritional) strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Metaproteomics Approach and Pathway Modulation in Obesity and Diabetes: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010047. [PMID: 35010920 PMCID: PMC8746330 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammatory diseases revealed metabolic perturbations that have been linked to various phenotypes, including gut microbiota dysbiosis. In the last decade, metaproteomics has been used to investigate protein composition profiles at specific steps and in specific healthy/pathologic conditions. We applied a rigorous protocol that relied on PRISMA guidelines and filtering criteria to obtain an exhaustive study selection that finally resulted in a group of 10 studies, based on metaproteomics and that aim at investigating obesity and diabetes. This batch of studies was used to discuss specific microbial and human metaproteome alterations and metabolic patterns in subjects affected by diabetes (T1D and T2D) and obesity. We provided the main up- and down-regulated protein patterns in the inspected pathologies. Despite the available results, the evident paucity of metaproteomic data is to be considered as a limiting factor in drawing objective considerations. To date, ad hoc prepared metaproteomic databases collecting pathologic data and related metadata, together with standardized analysis protocols, are required to increase our knowledge on these widespread pathologies.
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Serum 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid and Ratio of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid to Serotonin as Metabolomics Indicators for Acute Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060895. [PMID: 34199555 PMCID: PMC8228749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury (VAKI) varies from 5–43%, and early detection of VAKI is important in deciding whether to discontinue nephrotoxic agents. Oxidative stress is the main mechanism of VAKI, and serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) have been examined with respect to their involvement in ischemia/reperfusion damage in experimental animal models. In the current study, we assessed 5-HT and 5-HIAA as novel biomarkers for detecting VAKI in patients who have infections or compromised renal function, using a mass spectrometry–based metabolomics approach. We conducted amino acid profiling analysis and measurements of 5-HT and 5-HIAA using serum from subjects with VAKI (n = 28) and non-VAKI control subjects (n = 69), consisting of the infection subgroup (n = 23), CKD subgroup (n = 23), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 23). 5-HT was significantly lower in the VAKI group than in the non-VAKI groups, and the concentration of 5-HIAA and the ratio of 5-HIAA to 5-HT (5-HIAA/5-HT) showed higher values in the VAKI group. The infection subgroup presented a significantly greater 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio compared with the HC subgroup. Our study revealed that increased 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio has the potential to act as a VAKI surrogate marker, reflecting acute oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Ten Have GAM, Jansen L, Schooneman MG, Engelen MPKJ, Deutz NEP. Metabolic flux analysis of branched-chain amino and keto acids (BCAA, BCKA) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid across multiple organs in the pig. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E629-E640. [PMID: 33522397 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their metabolites the branched-chain keto acids (BCKA) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) are involved in the regulation of key signaling pathways in the anabolic response to a meal. However, their (inter)organ kinetics remain unclear. Therefore, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) [leucine (Leu), valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile)], BCKA [α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid (KMV), 2-oxoisovalerate (KIV)], and HMB across organ net fluxes were measured. In multi-catheterized pigs (n = 12, ±25 kg), net fluxes across liver, portal drained viscera (PDV), kidney, and hindquarter (HQ, muscle compartment) were measured before and 4 h after bolus feeding of a complete meal (30% daily intake) in conscious state. Arterial and venous plasma were collected and concentrations were measured by LC- or GC-MS/MS. Data are expressed as mean [95% CI] and significance (P < 0.05) from zero by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. In the postabsorptive state (in nmol/kg body wt/min), the kidney takes up HMB (3.2[1.3,5.0]) . BCKA is taken up by PDV (144[13,216]) but no release by other organs. In the postprandial state, the total net fluxes over 4 h (in µmol/kg body wt/4 h) showed a release of all BCKA by HQ (46.2[34.2,58.2]), KIC by the PDV (12.3[7.0,17.6]), and KIV by the kidney (10.0[2.3,178]). HMB was released by the liver (0.76[0.49,1.0]). All BCKA were taken up by the liver (200[133,268]). Substantial differences are present in (inter)organ metabolism and transport among the BCAA and its metabolites BCKA and HMB. The presented data in a translation animal model are relevant for the future development of optimized clinical nutrition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their metabolites the branched-chain keto acids (BCKA) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) are involved in the regulation of key signaling pathways in the anabolic response to a meal. Substantial differences are present in (inter)organ metabolism and transport among the BCAA and its metabolites BCKA and HMB. The presented data in a translation animal model are relevant for the future development of optimized clinical nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
| | - Lisa Jansen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
| | - Marieke G Schooneman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
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Lim IS. Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplement on knee peak torque and indicators of muscle damage following isokinetic exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness. Phys Act Nutr 2021; 24:28-33. [PMID: 33539692 PMCID: PMC7934470 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplement on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) by analyzing the maximum muscle strength and indicators of muscle damage. [Methods] Twelve men with majors in physical education were assigned to the BCAA group and placebo group in a double-blinded design, and repeated measurements were conducted. DOMS was induced with an isokinetic exercise. Following BCAA administration, the changes in the knee extension peak torque, flexion peak torque, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations were analyzed. The maximum knee muscle strength was measured at the baseline (pre-D0) following BCAA administration for 5 days before exercise (-D5, -4D, -3D, -2D, -1D). In contrast, the post-treatment measurements (D3) were recorded after BCAA administration for 3 days (post-D0, D1, D2). Blood samples were obtained before (pre-D0), immediately after (post-D0), 24 h (D1), 48 h (D2), and 72 h (D3) after the exercise to analyze the indicators of muscle strength. BCAA was administered twice daily for 8 days (5 days and 3 days before inducing DOMS and during the experimental period, respectively). [Results] There was no difference in the flexion peak torque between the groups. However, the BCAA group showed a significantly higher extension peak torque at D3 (second isokinetic exercise), compared to the placebo group (p<.05). There was no difference in AST changes between the groups. Nonetheless, the CK and LDH were significantly reduced in the BCAA group, compared to the placebo group. There was no correlation between the extension peak torque and flexion peak torque. However, the CK and LDH increased proportionately in DOMS. Moreover, their concentrations significantly increased with a decreasing peak torque (p<.01). [Conclusion] An exercise-induced DOMS results in a decrease in the peak torque and a proportional increase in the CK and LDH concentrations. Moreover, the administration of BCAA inhibits the reduction of the extension peak torque and elevation of CK and LDH concentrations. Therefore, BCAA might be administered as a supplement to maintain the muscle strength and prevent muscle damage during vigorous exercises that may induce DOMS in sports settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Soo Lim
- Department of Physical Education, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
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Holeček M. Why Are Branched-Chain Amino Acids Increased in Starvation and Diabetes? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103087. [PMID: 33050579 PMCID: PMC7600358 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) are increased in starvation and diabetes mellitus. However, the pathogenesis has not been explained. It has been shown that BCAA catabolism occurs mostly in muscles due to high activity of BCAA aminotransferase, which converts BCAA and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) and glutamate. The loss of α-KG from the citric cycle (cataplerosis) is attenuated by glutamate conversion to α-KG in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase reactions, in which glycolysis is the main source of amino group acceptors, pyruvate and oxaloacetate. Irreversible oxidation of BCKA by BCKA dehydrogenase is sensitive to BCKA supply, and ratios of NADH to NAD+ and acyl-CoA to CoA-SH. It is hypothesized that decreased glycolysis and increased fatty acid oxidation, characteristic features of starvation and diabetes, cause in muscles alterations resulting in increased BCAA levels. The main alterations include (i) impaired BCAA transamination due to decreased supply of amino groups acceptors (α-KG, pyruvate, and oxaloacetate) and (ii) inhibitory influence of NADH and acyl-CoAs produced in fatty acid oxidation on citric cycle and BCKA dehydrogenase. The studies supporting the hypothesis and pros and cons of elevated BCAA concentrations are discussed in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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