1
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Du J, Qin H. Lipid metabolism dynamics in cancer stem cells: potential targets for cancers. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1367981. [PMID: 38994204 PMCID: PMC11236562 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1367981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small subset of heterogeneous cells within tumors that possess the ability to self-renew and initiate tumorigenesis. They serve as potential drivers for tumor initiation, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Recent research has demonstrated that the stemness preservation of CSCs is heavily reliant on their unique lipid metabolism alterations, enabling them to maintain their own environmental homeostasis through various mechanisms. The primary objectives involve augmenting intracellular fatty acid (FA) content to bolster energy supply, promoting β-oxidation of FA to optimize energy utilization, and elevating the mevalonate (MVA) pathway for efficient cholesterol synthesis. Additionally, lipid droplets (LDs) can serve as alternative energy sources in the presence of glycolysis blockade in CSCs, thereby safeguarding FA from peroxidation. Furthermore, the interplay between autophagy and lipid metabolism facilitates rapid adaptation of CSCs to the harsh microenvironment induced by chemotherapy. In this review, we comprehensively review recent studies pertaining to lipid metabolism in CSCs and provide a concise overview of the indispensable role played by LDs, FA, cholesterol metabolism, and autophagy in maintaining the stemness of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, China
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2
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Ramar V, Guo S, Hudson B, Liu M. Progress in Glioma Stem Cell Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201528 PMCID: PMC10778204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents a diverse spectrum of primary tumors notorious for their resistance to established therapeutic modalities. Despite aggressive interventions like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, these tumors, due to factors such as the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity, glioma stem cells (GSCs), drug efflux pumps, and DNA damage repair mechanisms, persist beyond complete isolation, resulting in dismal outcomes for glioma patients. Presently, the standard initial approach comprises surgical excision followed by concurrent chemotherapy, where temozolomide (TMZ) serves as the foremost option in managing GBM patients. Subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy follows this regimen. Emerging therapeutic approaches encompass immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted treatments, such as bevacizumab, aiming to exploit vulnerabilities within GBM cells. Nevertheless, there exists a pressing imperative to devise innovative strategies for both diagnosing and treating GBM. This review emphasizes the current knowledge of GSC biology, molecular mechanisms, and associations with various signals and/or pathways, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, HGFR/c-MET, NF-κB, Wnt, Notch, and STAT3 pathways. Metabolic reprogramming in GSCs has also been reported with the prominent activation of the glycolytic pathway, comprising aldehyde dehydrogenase family genes. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches to GSC targets and currently used inhibitors, as well as their mode of action on GSC targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanajothi Ramar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (V.R.); (B.H.)
| | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University, 1 Drexel Dr., New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
| | - BreAnna Hudson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (V.R.); (B.H.)
| | - Mingli Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (V.R.); (B.H.)
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3
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Daverio Z, Kolkman M, Perrier J, Brunet L, Bendridi N, Sanglar C, Berger MA, Panthu B, Rautureau GJP. Warburg-associated acidification represses lactic fermentation independently of lactate, contribution from real-time NMR on cell-free systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17733. [PMID: 37853114 PMCID: PMC10584866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate accumulation and acidification in tumours are a cancer hallmark associated with the Warburg effect. Lactic acidosis correlates with cancer malignancy, and the benefit it offers to tumours has been the subject of numerous hypotheses. Strikingly, lactic acidosis enhances cancer cell survival to environmental glucose depletion by repressing high-rate glycolysis and lactic fermentation, and promoting an oxidative metabolism involving reactivated respiration. We used real-time NMR to evaluate how cytosolic lactate accumulation up to 40 mM and acidification up to pH 6.5 individually impact glucose consumption, lactate production and pyruvate evolution in isolated cytosols. We used a reductive cell-free system (CFS) to specifically study cytosolic metabolism independently of other Warburg-regulatory mechanisms found in the cell. We assessed the impact of lactate and acidification on the Warburg metabolism of cancer cytosols, and whether this effect extended to different cytosolic phenotypes of lactic fermentation and cancer. We observed that moderate acidification, independently of lactate concentration, drastically reduces the glucose consumption rate and halts lactate production in different lactic fermentation phenotypes. In parallel, for Warburg-type CFS lactate supplementation induces pyruvate accumulation at control pH, and can maintain a higher cytosolic pyruvate pool at low pH. Altogether, we demonstrate that intracellular acidification accounts for the direct repression of lactic fermentation by the Warburg-associated lactic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Daverio
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Maxime Kolkman
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Johan Perrier
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Lexane Brunet
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Nadia Bendridi
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Corinne Sanglar
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Berger
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Baptiste Panthu
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France.
| | - Gilles J P Rautureau
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France.
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4
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Martins F, van der Kellen D, Gonçalves LG, Serpa J. Metabolic Profiles Point Out Metabolic Pathways Pivotal in Two Glioblastoma (GBM) Cell Lines, U251 and U-87MG. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2041. [PMID: 37509679 PMCID: PMC10377067 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal central nervous system (CNS) tumor, mainly due to its high heterogeneity, invasiveness, and proliferation rate. These tumors remain a therapeutic challenge, and there are still some gaps in the GBM biology literature. Despite the significant amount of knowledge produced by research on cancer metabolism, its implementation in cancer treatment has been limited. In this study, we explored transcriptomics data from the TCGA database to provide new insights for future definition of metabolism-related patterns useful for clinical applications. Moreover, we investigated the impact of key metabolites (glucose, lactate, glutamine, and glutamate) in the gene expression and metabolic profile of two GBM cell lines, U251 and U-87MG, together with the impact of these organic compounds on malignancy cell features. GBM cell lines were able to adapt to the exposure to each tested organic compound. Both cell lines fulfilled glycolysis in the presence of glucose and were able to produce and consume lactate. Glutamine dependency was also highlighted, and glutamine and glutamate availability favored biosynthesis observed by the increase in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid (FA) synthesis. These findings are relevant and point out metabolic pathways to be targeted in GBM and also reinforce that patients' metabolic profiling can be useful in terms of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Martins
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David van der Kellen
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís G Gonçalves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Tecnológica (ITQB) António Xavier da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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How Warburg-Associated Lactic Acidosis Rewires Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism to Resist Glucose Deprivation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051417. [PMID: 36900208 PMCID: PMC10000466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acidosis, a hallmark of solid tumour microenvironment, originates from lactate hyperproduction and its co-secretion with protons by cancer cells displaying the Warburg effect. Long considered a side effect of cancer metabolism, lactic acidosis is now known to play a major role in tumour physiology, aggressiveness and treatment efficiency. Growing evidence shows that it promotes cancer cell resistance to glucose deprivation, a common feature of tumours. Here we review the current understanding of how extracellular lactate and acidosis, acting as a combination of enzymatic inhibitors, signal, and nutrient, switch cancer cell metabolism from the Warburg effect to an oxidative metabolic phenotype, which allows cancer cells to withstand glucose deprivation, and makes lactic acidosis a promising anticancer target. We also discuss how the evidence about lactic acidosis' effect could be integrated in the understanding of the whole-tumour metabolism and what perspectives it opens up for future research.
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6
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Singh L, Nair L, Kumar D, Arora MK, Bajaj S, Gadewar M, Mishra SS, Rath SK, Dubey AK, Kaithwas G, Choudhary M, Singh M. Hypoxia induced lactate acidosis modulates tumor microenvironment and lipid reprogramming to sustain the cancer cell survival. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1034205. [PMID: 36761981 PMCID: PMC9906992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1034205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that solid hypoxic tumour cells oxidise glucose through glycolysis, and the end product of this pathway is fermented into lactate which accumulates in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Initially, it was proclaimed that cancer cells cannot use lactate; therefore, they dump it into the TME and subsequently augment the acidity of the tumour milieu. Furthermore, the TME acts as a lactate sink with stope variable amount of lactate in different pathophysiological condition. Regardless of the amount of lactate pumped out within TME, it disappears immediately which still remains an unresolved puzzle. Recent findings have paved pathway in exploring the main role of lactate acidosis in TME. Cancer cells utilise lactate in the de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway to initiate angiogenesis and invasiveness, and lactate also plays a crucial role in the suppression of immunity. Furthermore, lactate re-programme the lipid biosynthetic pathway to develop a metabolic symbiosis in normoxic, moderately hypoxic and severely hypoxic cancer cells. For instance: severely hypoxic cancer cells enable to synthesizing poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in oxygen scarcity secretes excess of lactate in TME. Lactate from TME is taken up by the normoxic cancer cells whereas it is converted back to PUFAs after a sequence of reactions and then liberated in the TME to be utilized in the severely hypoxic cancer cells. Although much is known about the role of lactate in these biological processes, the exact molecular pathways that are involved remain unclear. This review attempts to understand the molecular pathways exploited by lactate to initiate angiogenesis, invasiveness, suppression of immunity and cause re-programming of lipid synthesis. This review will help the researchers to develop proper understanding of lactate associated bimodal regulations of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhveer Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Lakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Mandeep Kumar Arora
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sakshi Bajaj
- Chaudhary Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Manoj Gadewar
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, KR Mangalam University, Gurgaon, India
| | | | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dubey
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manjusha Choudhary
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India,*Correspondence: Manjusha Choudhary, ; Manjari Singh,
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, Assam, India,*Correspondence: Manjusha Choudhary, ; Manjari Singh,
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7
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Guyon J, Fernandez‐Moncada I, Larrieu CM, Bouchez CL, Pagano Zottola AC, Galvis J, Chouleur T, Burban A, Joseph K, Ravi VM, Espedal H, Røsland GV, Daher B, Barre A, Dartigues B, Karkar S, Rudewicz J, Romero‐Garmendia I, Klink B, Grützmann K, Derieppe M, Molinié T, Obad N, Léon C, Seano G, Miletic H, Heiland DH, Marsicano G, Nikolski M, Bjerkvig R, Bikfalvi A, Daubon T. Lactate dehydrogenases promote glioblastoma growth and invasion via a metabolic symbiosis. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15343. [PMID: 36278433 PMCID: PMC9728051 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate is a central metabolite in brain physiology but also contributes to tumor development. Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults, recognized by angiogenic and invasive growth, in addition to its altered metabolism. We show herein that lactate fuels GB anaplerosis by replenishing the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in absence of glucose. Lactate dehydrogenases (LDHA and LDHB), which we found spatially expressed in GB tissues, catalyze the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate. However, ablation of both LDH isoforms, but not only one, led to a reduction in tumor growth and an increase in mouse survival. Comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed metabolic rewiring involving high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the LDHA/B KO group which sensitized tumors to cranial irradiation, thus improving mouse survival. When mice were treated with the antiepileptic drug stiripentol, which targets LDH activity, tumor growth decreased. Our findings unveil the complex metabolic network in which both LDHA and LDHB are integrated and show that the combined inhibition of LDHA and LDHB strongly sensitizes GB to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Guyon
- University Bordeaux, INSERM U1312, BRICPessacFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Johanna Galvis
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095BordeauxFrance,Bordeaux Bioinformatic Center CBiBUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | - Audrey Burban
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095BordeauxFrance
| | - Kevin Joseph
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Center of Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST)University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Vidhya M Ravi
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Center of Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST)University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS)University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Heidi Espedal
- NorLux Neuro‐Oncology, Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | | | - Aurélien Barre
- Bordeaux Bioinformatic Center CBiBUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | - Slim Karkar
- Bordeaux Bioinformatic Center CBiBUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Justine Rudewicz
- Bordeaux Bioinformatic Center CBiBUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | - Barbara Klink
- Department of OncologyLuxembourg Institute of HealthLuxembourgLuxembourg,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)DresdenGermany,Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD)National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)DresdenGermany
| | - Konrad Grützmann
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD)National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)DresdenGermany
| | | | | | - Nina Obad
- NorLux Neuro‐Oncology, Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Céline Léon
- University Bordeaux, INSERM U1312, BRICPessacFrance
| | - Giorgio Seano
- Institut Curie, INSERM U1021, CNRS UMR3347, Tumor Microenvironment LabUniversity Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- NorLux Neuro‐Oncology, Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway,Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | | | - Macha Nikolski
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095BordeauxFrance,Bordeaux Bioinformatic Center CBiBUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- NorLux Neuro‐Oncology, Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Thomas Daubon
- University Bordeaux, INSERM U1312, BRICPessacFrance,University Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095BordeauxFrance
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8
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Guda MR, Tsung AJ, Asuthkar S, Velpula KK. Galectin-1 activates carbonic anhydrase IX and modulates glioma metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:574. [PMID: 35773253 PMCID: PMC9247167 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of β-galactose-specific binding proteins residing within the cytosol or nucleus, with a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain across many species. Accumulating evidence shows that Galectin 1 (Gal-1) plays an essential role in cancer, and its expression correlates with tumor aggressiveness and progression. Our preliminary data showed Gal-1 promotes glioma stem cell (GSC) growth via increased Warburg effect. mRNA expression and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The immunoblot analysis conducted using our cohort of human glioblastoma patient specimens (hGBM), confirmed Gal-1 upregulation in GBM. GC/MS analysis to evaluate the effects of Gal-1 depletion showed elevated levels of α-ketoglutaric acid, and citric acid with a concomitant reduction in lactic acid levels. Using Biolog microplate-1 mitochondrial functional assay, we confirmed that the depletion of Gal-1 increases the expression levels of the enzymes from the TCA cycle, suggesting a reversal of the Warburg phenotype. Manipulation of Gal-1 using RNA interference showed reduced ATP, lactate levels, cell viability, colony-forming abilities, and increased expression levels of genes implicated in the induction of apoptosis. Gal-1 exerts its metabolic role via regulating the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX), a surrogate marker for hypoxia. CA-IX functions downstream to Gal-1, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments along with proximity ligation assays confirm that Gal-1 physically associates with CA-IX to regulate its expression. Further, silencing of Gal-1 in mice models showed reduced tumor burden and increased survival compared to the mice implanted with GSC controls. Further investigation of Gal-1 in GSC progression and metabolic reprogramming is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheedhara R. Guda
- grid.430852.80000 0001 0741 4132Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL USA
| | - Andrew J. Tsung
- grid.430852.80000 0001 0741 4132Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL USA ,grid.430852.80000 0001 0741 4132Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL USA ,Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL USA
| | - Swapna Asuthkar
- grid.430852.80000 0001 0741 4132Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL USA
| | - Kiran K. Velpula
- grid.430852.80000 0001 0741 4132Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL USA ,grid.430852.80000 0001 0741 4132Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL USA ,grid.430852.80000 0001 0741 4132Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL USA
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9
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Integrative analysis reveals the functional implications and clinical relevance of pyroptosis in low-grade glioma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4527. [PMID: 35296768 PMCID: PMC8925295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (training dataset) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (validation dataset), we found that low-grade gliomas can be divided into two molecular subclasses based on 30 pyroptosis genes. Cluster 1 presented higher immune cell and immune function scores and poorer prognosis than Cluster 2. We established a prognostic model based on 10 pyroptosis genes; the model could predict overall survival in glioma and was well validated in an independent dataset. The high-risk group had relatively higher immune cell and immune function scores and lower DNA methylation levels in pyroptosis genes than the low-risk group. There were no marked differences in pyroptosis gene alterations between the high- and low-risk groups. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network uncovered the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulation patterns of the different risk groups in low-grade glioma. Five pairs of target genes and drugs were identified. In vitro, CASP8 silencing inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells. The expression of pyroptosis genes can reflect the molecular biological and clinical features of low-grade glioma subclasses. The developed prognostic model can predict overall survival and distinguish molecular alterations in patients. Our integrated analyses could provide valuable guidelines for improving risk management and therapy for low-grade glioma patients.
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10
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Barzegar Behrooz A, Talaie Z, Jusheghani F, Łos MJ, Klonisch T, Ghavami S. Wnt and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Survival Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031353. [PMID: 35163279 PMCID: PMC8836096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating type of brain tumor, and current therapeutic treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are palliative at best. The design of effective and targeted chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of GBM require a thorough analysis of specific signaling pathways to identify those serving as drivers of GBM progression and invasion. The Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathways are key regulators of important biological functions that include cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metabolism, and angiogenesis. Targeting specific regulatory components of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways has the potential to disrupt critical brain tumor cell functions to achieve critical advancements in alternative GBM treatment strategies to enhance the survival rate of GBM patients. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways for GBM invasion into brain tissue and explore their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zahra Talaie
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Fatemeh Jusheghani
- Department of Biotechnology, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran;
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
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