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Bass E, Mutyambai DM, Midega CAO, Khan ZR, Kessler A. Associational Effects of Desmodium Intercropping on Maize Resistance and Secondary Metabolism. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:299-318. [PMID: 38305931 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Intercropping is drawing increasing attention as a strategy to increase crop yields and manage pest pressure, however the mechanisms of associational resistance in diversified cropping systems remain controversial. We conducted a controlled experiment to assess the impact of co-planting with silverleaf Desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum) on maize secondary metabolism and resistance to herbivory by the spotted stemborer (Chilo partellus). Maize plants were grown either in the same pot with a Desmodium plant or adjacent to it in a separate pot. Our findings indicate that co-planting with Desmodium influences maize secondary metabolism and herbivore resistance through both above and below-ground mechanisms. Maize growing in the same pot with a Desmodium neighbor was less attractive for oviposition by spotted stemborer adults. However, maize exposed only to above-ground Desmodium cues generally showed increased susceptibility to spotted stemborer herbivory (through both increased oviposition and larval consumption). VOC emissions and tissue secondary metabolite titers were also altered in maize plants exposed to Desmodium cues, with stronger effects being observed when maize and Desmodium shared the same pot. Specifically, benzoxazinoids were strongly suppressed in maize roots by direct contact with a Desmodium neighbor while headspace emissions of short-chain aldehydes and alkylbenzenes were increased. These results imply that direct root contact or soil-borne cues play an important role in mediating associational effects on plant resistance in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Bass
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Daniel M Mutyambai
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O Box 170-90200, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Charles A O Midega
- Poverty and Health Integrated Solutions (PHIS), Kisumu, Kenya
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, IPM Program, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Zeyaur R Khan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Mbita, Kenya
| | - André Kessler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Qiu C, Zeng J, Tang Y, Gao Q, Xiao W, Lou Y. The Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Influences Nilaparvata lugens Population Growth Directly, by Preying on Its Eggs, and Indirectly, by Inducing Defenses in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8754. [PMID: 37240102 PMCID: PMC10217797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has become one of the most important pests on corn in China since it invaded in 2019. Although FAW has not been reported to cause widespread damage to rice plants in China, it has been sporadically found feeding in the field. If FAW infests rice in China, the fitness of other insect pests on rice may be influenced. However, how FAW and other insect pests on rice interact remains unknown. In this study, we found that the infestation of FAW larvae on rice plants prolonged the developmental duration of the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) eggs and plants damaged by gravid BPH females did not induce defenses that influenced the growth of FAW larvae. Moreover, co-infestation by FAW larvae on rice plants did not influence the attractiveness of volatiles emitted from BPH-infested plants to Anagrus nilaparvatae, an egg parasitoid of rice planthoppers. FAW larvae were able to prey on BPH eggs laid on rice plants and grew faster compared to those larvae that lacked available eggs. Studies revealed that the delay in the development of BPH eggs on FAW-infested plants was probably related to the increase in levels of jasmonoyl-isoleucine, abscisic acid and the defensive compounds in the rice leaf sheaths on which BPH eggs were laid. These findings indicate that, if FAW invades rice plants in China, the population density of BPH may be decreased by intraguild predation and induced plant defenses, whereas the population density of FAW may be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.G.); (W.X.)
| | - Jiamei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.G.); (W.X.)
| | - Yingying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.G.); (W.X.)
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.G.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.G.); (W.X.)
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Q.); (J.Z.); (Y.T.); (Q.G.); (W.X.)
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
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Prada F, Stashenko EE, Martínez JR. Volatiles Emission by Crotalaria nitens after Insect Attack. Molecules 2021; 26:6941. [PMID: 34834034 PMCID: PMC8618423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are known to increase the emission of volatile organic compounds upon the damage of phytophagous insects. However, very little is known about the composition and temporal dynamics of volatiles released by wild plants of the genus Crotalaria (Fabaceae) attacked with the specialist lepidopteran caterpillar Utetheisa ornatrix (Linnaeus) (Erebidae). In this work, the herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) emitted by Crotalaria nitens Kunth plants were isolated with solid phase micro-extraction and the conventional purge and trap technique, and their identification was carried out by GC/MS. The poly-dimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber showed higher affinity for the extraction of apolar compounds (e.g., trans-β-caryophyllene) compared to the Porapak™-Q adsorbent from the purge & trap method that extracted more polar compounds (e.g., trans-nerolidol and indole). The compounds emitted by C. nitens were mainly green leaf volatile substances, terpenoids, aromatics, and aldoximes (isobutyraldoxime and 2-methylbutyraldoxime), whose maximum emission was six hours after the attack. The attack by caterpillars significantly increased the volatile compounds emission in the C. nitens leaves compared to those subjected to mechanical damage. This result indicated that the U. ornatrix caterpillar is responsible for generating a specific response in C. nitens plants. It was demonstrated that HIPVs repelled conspecific moths from attacked plants and favored oviposition in those without damage. The results showed the importance of volatiles in plant-insect interactions, as well as the choice of appropriate extraction and analytical methods for their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Prada
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (F.P.); (J.R.M.)
- Colombia Research Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (F.P.); (J.R.M.)
- Colombia Research Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Jairo René Martínez
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (F.P.); (J.R.M.)
- Colombia Research Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
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