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Liew YX, Kadir K, Phan CW, Leong KH, Kallarakkal TG, Tilakaratne WM. Salivary biomarkers: Effective diagnostic tool for oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024; 30:3591-3599. [PMID: 38098264 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify potential salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia. MATERIALS AND METHODS An advance search from PubMed and Hindawi was performed with keywords; oral leukoplakia/oral squamous cell carcinoma, salivary biomarker and diagnosis/prognosis. An additional search of articles was done through a manual search from the Google Scholar database. RESULTS Twenty studies involving salivary biomarkers as diagnostic tools for oral squamous cell carcinoma and/or oral leukoplakia were identified. A narrative review was carried out. CONCLUSION Single or multiple salivary biomarkers reported by most studies have shown great potential as diagnostic tools for oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia. However, the validation of sensitivity and specificity should be carried out to ensure the accuracy of the biomarkers. Furthermore, a standardised method for saliva collection should be established to prevent variability in the expression of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Xuan Liew
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kathreena Kadir
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chia Wei Phan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wanninayake Mudiyanselage Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kawasaki R, Kukimoto I, Tsukamoto T, Nishio E, Iwata A, Fujii T. Cervical mucus can be used for metabolite screening in cervical cancer. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 39171738 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 660,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer annually. Current screening options such as cytology or human papillomavirus testing have limitations, creating a need to identify more effective ancillary biomarkers for triage. Here, we evaluated whether metabolomic analysis of cervical mucus metabolism could be used to identify biomarkers of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. The case-control group consisted of 181 CIN, 69 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, and 48 healthy controls in the primary cohort. We undertook metabolomic analyses using ultra-HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to profile metabolite characteristics, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified biomarker candidates. Five metabolites conferred the highest discriminatory power for SCC: oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (area under the ROC curve, 0.924; 95% confidence interval, 0.877-0.971), malic acid (0.914, 0.859-0.968), kynurenine (0.884, 0.823-0.945), GSSG/glutathione (GSH) (0.936, 0.892-0.979), and kynurenine/tryptophan (0.909, 0.856-0.961). Malic acid was the best marker for detection of CIN2 or worse (0.858, 0.793-0.922) and was a clinically useful metabolite. We confirmed the reproducibility of the results by validation cohort. Additionally, metabolomic analyses revealed eight pathways strongly associated with cervical neoplasia. Of these, only the tricarboxylic acid cycle was strongly associated with all CINs and cancer, indicating active energy production. Aberrant arginine metabolism by decreasing arginine and increasing citrulline might reduce tumor immunity. Changes in cysteine-methionine and GSH pathways might drive the initiation and progression of cervical cancer. These results suggest that metabolic analysis can identify ancillary biomarkers and could improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cervical neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kawasaki
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Iwao Kukimoto
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Eiji Nishio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Aya Iwata
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takuma Fujii
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Japan
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3
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Gupta I, Badrzadeh F, Tsentalovich Y, Gaykalova DA. Connecting the dots: investigating the link between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic influences in metabolomic alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:239. [PMID: 39169426 PMCID: PMC11337877 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for around 90% of all oral cancers and is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. Despite progress in managing OSCC, the overall prognosis remains poor, with a survival rate of around 50-60%, largely due to tumor size and recurrence. The challenges of late-stage diagnosis and limitations in current methods emphasize the urgent need for less invasive techniques to enable early detection and treatment, crucial for improving outcomes in this aggressive form of oral cancer. Research is currently aimed at unraveling tumor-specific metabolite profiles to identify candidate biomarkers as well as discover underlying pathways involved in the onset and progression of cancer that could be used as new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Metabolomics is an advanced technological approach to identify metabolites in different sample types (biological fluids and tissues). Since OSCC promotes metabolic reprogramming influenced by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, and viral infections, the identification of distinct metabolites through screening may aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Moreover, studies have shown the use of metabolites during the catalysis of epigenetic modification, indicating a link between epigenetics and metabolism. In this review, we will focus on the link between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic influences in metabolomic alterations in OSCC. In addition, we will discuss therapeutic targets of tumor metabolism, which may prevent oral tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fariba Badrzadeh
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuri Tsentalovich
- International tomography center CB RAS, Institutskaya str. 3a, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Daria A Gaykalova
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for Genome Sciences, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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4
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Mojumdar A, B S U, Packirisamy G. A simple and effective method for smartphone-based detection of polyamines in oral cancer. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045044. [PMID: 38871001 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Oral cancer accounts for 50%-70% of all cancer-related deaths in India and ranks sixth among the most frequent cancers globally. Roughly 90% of oral malignancies are histologically arise from squamous cells and are therefore called oral squamous cell carcinoma. Organic polycations known as biogenic polyamines, for example, putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), are vital for cell proliferation, including gene expression control, regulation of endonuclease-mediated fragmentation of DNA, and DNA damage inhibition. Higher Spm and Spd levels have been identified as cancer biomarkers for detecting tumour development in various cancers. The current study utilises tannic acid, a polyphenolic compound, as a reducing and capping agent to fabricate AuNPs via a one-step microwave-assisted synthesis. The fabricated TA@AuNPs were utilised as a nanoprobe for colourimetric sensing of polyamines in PBS. When TA@AuNPs are added to the polyamine, the amine groups in polyamines interact with the phenolic groups of TA@AuNPs via hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions. These interactions cause the aggregation of TA@AuNPs, resulting in a red shift of the Surface Plasmon Resonance band of TA@AuNPs from 530 nm to 560 nm. The nanoprobe was found to be highly specific for Spm at low concentrations. TA@AuNPs were able to detect Spm successfully in artificial saliva samples. On recording the RGB values of the sensing process using a smartphone app, it was found that as the nanoparticles aggregated due to the presence of Spm, the intensity of theR-value decreased, indicating the aggregation of TA@AuNPs due to interaction with the polyamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Mojumdar
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Unnikrishnan B S
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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Shaikh S, Basu S, Bag S, Chatterjee A, Datta S, Banerjee D, Manikantan K, Arun I, Arun P, Biswas NK, Maitra A, Mishra DK, Majumder PP, Dhar H, Mukherjee G. Uracil as a biomarker for spatial pyrimidine metabolism in the development of gingivobuccal oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11609. [PMID: 38773214 PMCID: PMC11109148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
No biomarker has yet been identified that allows accurate diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancers. In this study, we investigated the presence of key metabolites in oral cancer using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify metabolic biomarkers of gingivobuccal oral squamous cell carcinoma (GB-OSCC). NMR spectroscopy revealed that uracil was expressed in 83.09% of tumor tissues and pyrimidine metabolism was active in GB-OSCC; these results correlated well with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA sequencing data. Based on further gene and protein analyses, we proposed a pathway for the production of uracil in GB-OSCC tissues. Uridinetriphosphate (UTP) is hydrolyzed to uridine diphosphate (UDP) by CD39 in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that UDP enters the cell with the help of the UDP-specific P2Y6 receptor for further processing by ENTPD4/5 to produce uracil. As the ATP reserves diminish, the weakened immune cells in the TME utilize pyrimidine metabolism as fuel for antitumor activity, and the same mechanism is hijacked by the tumor cells to promote their survival. Correspondingly, the differential expression of ENTPD4 and ENTPD5 in immune and tumor cells, respectively, indicatedtheir involvement in disease progression. Furthermore, higher uracil levels were detected in patients with lymph node metastasis, indicating that metastatic potential is increased in the presence of uracil. The presence of uracil and/or expression patterns of intermediate molecules in purine and pyrimidine pathways, such asCD39, CD73, and P2Y6 receptors together with ENTPD4 and ENTPD5, hold promise as biomarker(s) for oral cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Shaikh
- Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (E-W), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, WB, 700160, India
- Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Sangramjit Basu
- Tata Translational Cancer Research Centre (TTCRC), 14 MAR (E-W), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, WB, 700160, India
| | - Swarnendu Bag
- Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (E-W), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, WB, 700160, India
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mall Road, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ankita Chatterjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.: N.S.S., Kalyani, WB, 741251, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, 120, 1, Andul Rd, Shibpur, Howrah, WB, 711103, India
- Medica Superspecialty Hospital, 127, Eastern Metropolitan Bypass, Nitai Nagar, Mukundapur, Kolkata, WB, 700099, India
| | - Devmalya Banerjee
- Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, 120, 1, Andul Rd, Shibpur, Howrah, WB, 711103, India
| | - Kapila Manikantan
- Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (E-W), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, WB, 700160, India
| | - Indu Arun
- Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (E-W), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, WB, 700160, India
| | - Pattatheyil Arun
- Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (E-W), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, WB, 700160, India
| | - Nidhan K Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.: N.S.S., Kalyani, WB, 741251, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.: N.S.S., Kalyani, WB, 741251, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Mishra
- Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (E-W), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, WB, 700160, India
| | - Partha P Majumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.: N.S.S., Kalyani, WB, 741251, India
- John C. Martin Centre for Liver Research and Innovations, Sitala East, IILDS, Hospital Road, Rajpur Sonarpur, Kolkata, WB, 700150, India
| | - Harsh Dhar
- Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, 120, 1, Andul Rd, Shibpur, Howrah, WB, 711103, India.
- Medica Superspecialty Hospital, 127, Eastern Metropolitan Bypass, Nitai Nagar, Mukundapur, Kolkata, WB, 700099, India.
| | - Geetashree Mukherjee
- Tata Medical Center, 14 MAR (E-W), New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, WB, 700160, India.
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6
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Kashyap B, Kullaa A. Salivary Metabolites Produced by Oral Microbes in Oral Diseases and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Metabolites 2024; 14:277. [PMID: 38786754 PMCID: PMC11122927 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, salivary metabolome studies have provided new biological information and salivary biomarkers to diagnose different diseases at early stages. The saliva in the oral cavity is influenced by many factors that are reflected in the salivary metabolite profile. Oral microbes can alter the salivary metabolite profile and may express oral inflammation or oral diseases. The released microbial metabolites in the saliva represent the altered biochemical pathways in the oral cavity. This review highlights the oral microbial profile and microbial metabolites released in saliva and its use as a diagnostic biofluid for different oral diseases. The importance of salivary metabolites produced by oral microbes as risk factors for oral diseases and their possible relationship in oral carcinogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arja Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
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7
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Shnayder NA, Grechkina VV, Trefilova VV, Kissin MY, Narodova EA, Petrova MM, Al-Zamil M, Garganeeva NP, Nasyrova RF. Ethnic Aspects of Valproic Acid P-Oxidation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1036. [PMID: 38790997 PMCID: PMC11117587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The safety of the use of psychotropic drugs, widely used in neurological and psychiatric practice, is an urgent problem in personalized medicine. This narrative review demonstrated the variability in allelic frequencies of low-functioning and non-functional single nucleotide variants in genes encoding key isoenzymes of valproic acid P-oxidation in the liver across different ethnic/racial groups. The sensitivity and specificity of pharmacogenetic testing panels for predicting the rate of metabolism of valproic acid by P-oxidation can be increased by prioritizing the inclusion of the most common risk allele characteristic of a particular population (country).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Shnayder
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.G.); (V.V.T.)
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.N.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Violetta V. Grechkina
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.G.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Vera V. Trefilova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.G.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Mikhail Ya. Kissin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina A. Narodova
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.N.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Marina M. Petrova
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.N.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Mustafa Al-Zamil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia P. Garganeeva
- Department of General Medical Practice and Outpatient Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Regina F. Nasyrova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.G.); (V.V.T.)
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, 443016 Samara, Russia
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8
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Wang W, Zhen S, Ping Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. Metabolomic biomarkers in liquid biopsy: accurate cancer diagnosis and prognosis monitoring. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1331215. [PMID: 38384814 PMCID: PMC10879439 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1331215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, a novel detection method, has recently become an active research area in clinical cancer owing to its unique advantages. Studies on circulating free DNA, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes obtained by liquid biopsy have shown great advances and they have entered clinical practice as new cancer biomarkers. The metabolism of the body is dynamic as cancer originates and progresses. Metabolic abnormalities caused by cancer can be detected in the blood, sputum, urine, and other biological fluids via systemic or local circulation. A considerable number of recent studies have focused on the roles of metabolic molecules in cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of metabolic markers from various biological fluids in the latest clinical studies, which may contribute to cancer screening and diagnosis, differentiation of cancer typing, grading and staging, and prediction of therapeutic response and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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9
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de Souza HMR, Pereira TTP, de Sá HC, Alves MA, Garrett R, Canuto GAB. Critical Factors in Sample Collection and Preparation for Clinical Metabolomics of Underexplored Biological Specimens. Metabolites 2024; 14:36. [PMID: 38248839 PMCID: PMC10819689 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article compiles critical pre-analytical factors for sample collection and extraction of eight uncommon or underexplored biological specimens (human breast milk, ocular fluids, sebum, seminal plasma, sweat, hair, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid) under the perspective of clinical metabolomics. These samples are interesting for metabolomics studies as they reflect the status of living organisms and can be applied for diagnostic purposes and biomarker discovery. Pre-collection and collection procedures are critical, requiring protocols to be standardized to avoid contamination and bias. Such procedures must consider cleaning the collection area, sample stimulation, diet, and food and drug intake, among other factors that impact the lack of homogeneity of the sample group. Precipitation of proteins and removal of salts and cell debris are the most used sample preparation procedures. This review intends to provide a global view of the practical aspects that most impact results, serving as a starting point for the designing of metabolomic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hygor M. R. de Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabMeta—LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
| | - Tássia T. P. Pereira
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolucao, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Hanna C. de Sá
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil;
| | - Marina A. Alves
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Garrett
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, LabMeta—LADETEC, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gisele A. B. Canuto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil;
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10
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Radaic A, Kamarajan P, Cho A, Wang S, Hung GC, Najarzadegan F, Wong DT, Ton-That H, Wang CY, Kapila YL. Biological biomarkers of oral cancer. Periodontol 2000 2023:10.1111/prd.12542. [PMID: 38073011 PMCID: PMC11163022 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 5 year survival rate of 41% has marginally improved in the last few years, with less than a 1% improvement per year from 2005 to 2017, with higher survival rates when detected at early stages. Based on histopathological grading of oral dysplasia, it is estimated that severe dysplasia has a malignant transformation rate of 7%-50%. Despite these numbers, oral dysplasia grading does not reliably predict its clinical behavior. Thus, more accurate markers predicting oral dysplasia progression to cancer would enable better targeting of these lesions for closer follow-up, especially in the early stages of the disease. In this context, molecular biomarkers derived from genetics, proteins, and metabolites play key roles in clinical oncology. These molecular signatures can help predict the likelihood of OSCC development and/or progression and have the potential to detect the disease at an early stage and, support treatment decision-making and predict treatment responsiveness. Also, identifying reliable biomarkers for OSCC detection that can be obtained non-invasively would enhance management of OSCC. This review will discuss biomarkers for OSCC that have emerged from different biological areas, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, immunomics, and microbiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex Cho
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandy Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guo-Chin Hung
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fereshteh Najarzadegan
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David T Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hung Ton-That
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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Qiu X, Ye H, Li X, Li D, Jiang L, Liu R, Zhao Z, He D. IL-6/JAK2-dependent G6PD phosphorylation promotes nucleotide synthesis and supports tumor growth. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101836. [PMID: 37949355 PMCID: PMC10692918 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor cells hijack inflammatory mechanisms to promote their own growth. IL-6 is one of the major cytokines, and is frequently upregulated in tumors. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) generates the indispensable building blocks to produce various nucleotides. Here we aimed to determine whether and how PPP is timely tuned in response to IL-6 to support tumor growth. METHODS Protein expression was examined by immunoblot. Protein interaction was examined by immunoprecipitation. Tumor cell proliferation in in vitro culture was examined by BrdU assay and colony formation assay. Tumor cell proliferation in mouse xenograft model was examined by Ki-67 staining. RESULTS Here we show that the metabolic flux of PPP and enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is rapidly induced under IL-6 treatment, without obvious changes in G6PD expression level. Mechanistically, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) phosphorylates G6PD Y437 under IL-6 treatment, which accentuates G6PD enzymatic activity by promoting G6PD binding with its substrate G6P. Further, JAK2-dependent G6PD Y437 phosphorylation is required for IL-6-induced nucleotide biosynthesis and tumor cell proliferation, and is associated with the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings report a new mechanism implicated in the crosstalk between tumor cells and inflammatory microenvironment, by which JAK2-dependent activation of G6PD governs nucleotide synthesis to support tumor cell proliferation, thereby highlighting its value as a potential anti-tumor target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hongping Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610057, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Nuclear Stress Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610057, PR China.
| | - Dan He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610057, PR China.
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12
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Vimal J, George NA, Kumar RR, Kattoor J, Kannan S. Identification of salivary metabolic biomarker signatures for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105780. [PMID: 37586141 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the salivary metabolites associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue to develop easy and non-invasive potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis. DESIGN Initially, the study utilized untargeted metabolomics to analyze 20 samples of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and 10 control samples. The objective was to determine the salivary metabolites that exhibited differential expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Then the selected metabolites were validated using targeted metabolomics in saliva samples of 100 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, as well as 30 healthy control individuals. RESULTS From the analysis of untargeted metabolomics, 10 metabolites were selected as potential biomarkers. In the subsequent targeted metabolomics study on these selected metabolites, it was observed that N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-Pipecolic acid, L-Carnitine, Phosphorylcholine, and Deoxyguanosine exhibited significant differences. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicates a combination of three important metabolites such as N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-Pipecolic acid and L-Carnitine provided the best prediction with an area under the curve of 0.901. CONCLUSIONS The present result reveals that the N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-Pipecolic acid and L-Carnitine are the signature diagnostic biomarkers for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. These findings can be used to develop a rapid and non-invasive method for disease monitoring and prognosis in oral tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vimal
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Nebu A George
- Division of Surgical Oncology (Head and Neck Clinic), Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - R Rejnish Kumar
- Division of Radiation Oncology (Head and Neck Clinic), Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Jayasree Kattoor
- Division of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Kannan
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, India.
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13
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Greenfield E, Alves MDS, Rodrigues F, Nogueira JO, da Silva L, de Jesus HP, Cavalcanti DR, Carvalho BFDC, Almeida JD, Mendes MA, Oliveira Alves MG. Preliminary Findings on the Salivary Metabolome of Hookah and Cigarette Smokers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36845-36855. [PMID: 37841134 PMCID: PMC10569005 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the salivary metabolomic profile of patients who habitually smoke hookah and cigarettes. The groups consisted of 33 regular and exclusive hookah smokers, 26 regular and exclusive cigarette smokers, and 30 nonsmokers. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected for the measurement of salivary metabolites by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The MetaboAnalyst software was used for statistical analysis and evaluation of biomarkers. 11 smoking salivary biomarkers were identified using the area under receiving-operator curver criterion and threshold of 0.9. Xylitol and octadecanol were higher in cigarette smokers compared to controls; arabitol and maltose were higher in controls compared to cigarette smokers; octadecanol and tyramine were higher in hookah smokers compared to controls; phenylalanine was higher in controls compared to hookah smokers; and fructose, isocitric acid, glucuronic acid, tryptamine, maltose, tyramine, and 3-hydroxyisolvaleric acid were higher in hookah smokers compared to cigarettes smokers. Conclusions: The evaluation of the salivary metabolome of hookah smokers, showing separation between the groups, especially between the control versus hookah groups and cigarette versus hookah groups, and it seems to demonstrate that the use of hookah tobacco is more damaging to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Greenfield
- Technology
Research Center (NPT), Universidade de Mogi
das Cruzes, Mogi das
Cruzes 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Sá Alves
- Department
of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute
of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues
- Technology
Research Center (NPT), Universidade de Mogi
das Cruzes, Mogi das
Cruzes 08780-911, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho
- Department
of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute
of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department
of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute
of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Maria Anita Mendes
- Dempster
MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves
- Technology
Research Center (NPT), Universidade de Mogi
das Cruzes, Mogi das
Cruzes 08780-911, Brazil
- Department
of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute
of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil
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14
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Chuchueva N, Carta F, Nguyen HN, Luevano J, Lewis IA, Rios-Castillo I, Fanos V, King E, Swistushkin V, Reshetov I, Rusetsky Y, Shestakova K, Moskaleva N, Mariani C, Castillo-Carniglia A, Grapov D, Fahrmann J, La Frano MR, Puxeddu R, Appolonova SA, Brito A. Metabolomics of head and neck cancer in biofluids: an integrative systematic review. Metabolomics 2023; 19:77. [PMID: 37644353 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the fifth most common cancer globally. Diagnosis at early stages are critical to reduce mortality and improve functional and esthetic outcomes associated with HNC. Metabolomics is a promising approach for discovery of biomarkers and metabolic pathways for risk assessment and early detection of HNC. OBJECTIVES To summarize and consolidate the available evidence on metabolomics and HNC in plasma/serum, saliva, and urine. METHODS A systematic search of experimental research was executed using PubMed and Web of Science. Available data on areas under the curve was extracted. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis were performed to identify metabolic pathways altered in HNC. Fifty-four studies were eligible for data extraction (33 performed in plasma/serum, 15 in saliva and 6 in urine). RESULTS Metabolites with high discriminatory performance for detection of HNC included single metabolites and combination panels of several lysoPCs, pyroglutamate, glutamic acid, glucose, tartronic acid, arachidonic acid, norvaline, linoleic acid, propionate, acetone, acetate, choline, glutamate and others. The glucose-alanine cycle and the urea cycle were the most altered pathways in HNC, among other pathways (i.e. gluconeogenesis, glycine and serine metabolism, alanine metabolism, etc.). Specific metabolites that can potentially serve as complementary less- or non-invasive biomarkers, as well as metabolic pathways integrating the data from the available studies, are presented. CONCLUSION The present work highlights utility of metabolite-based biomarkers for risk assessment, early detection, and prognostication of HNC, as well as facilitates incorporation of available metabolomics studies into multi-omics data integration and big data analytics for personalized health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chuchueva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Central State Medical Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Filippo Carta
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Hoang N Nguyen
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jennifer Luevano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Isaiah A Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | | | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Cagliari, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emma King
- Cancer Research Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Otolaryngology, Poole Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Longfleet Road, Poole, UK
| | | | - Igor Reshetov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Rusetsky
- Central State Medical Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Otorhinolaryngological Surgical Department With a Group of Head and Neck Diseases, National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia Shestakova
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Moskaleva
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Cinzia Mariani
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia
- Society and Health Research Center, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Artes, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policies (nDP) and Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine (SocioMed), Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Michael R La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
- Cal Poly Metabolomics Service Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
- Roy J.Carver Metabolomics Core Facility, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Puxeddu
- King's College Hospital London, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Svetlana A Appolonova
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Center of Forensic-Medical Expertise of Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alex Brito
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Bel’skaya LV, Sarf EA, Loginova AI. Diagnostic Value of Salivary Amino Acid Levels in Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:950. [PMID: 37623893 PMCID: PMC10456731 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review analyzed 21 scientific papers on the determination of amino acids in various types of cancer in saliva. Most of the studies are on oral cancer (8/21), breast cancer (4/21), gastric cancer (3/21), lung cancer (2/21), glioblastoma (2/21) and one study on colorectal, pancreatic, thyroid and liver cancer. The amino acids alanine, valine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine play a leading role in the diagnosis of cancer via the saliva. In an independent version, amino acids are rarely used; the authors combine either amino acids with each other or with other metabolites, which makes it possible to obtain high values of sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, a logical and complete substantiation of the changes in saliva occurring in cancer, including changes in salivary amino acid levels, has not yet been formed, which makes it important to continue research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14 Tukhachevsky Str., 644043 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Elena A. Sarf
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14 Tukhachevsky Str., 644043 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Alexandra I. Loginova
- Clinical Oncology Dispensary, 9/1 Zavertyayeva Str., 644013 Omsk, Russia;
- Department of Oncology, Omsk State Medical University, 12 Lenina Str., 644099 Omsk, Russia
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16
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Zhou Y, Liu Z. Saliva biomarkers in oral disease. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117503. [PMID: 37536520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is a versatile biofluid that contains a wide variety of biomarkers reflecting both physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Saliva collection is noninvasive and highly applicable for tests requiring serial sampling. Furthermore, advances in test accuracy, sensitivity and precision for saliva has improved diagnostic performance as well as the identification of novel markers especially in oral disease processes. These include dental caries, periodontitis, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Numerous growth factors, enzymes, interleukins and cytokines have been identified and are the subject of much research investigation. This review highlights current procedures for successful determination of saliva biomarkers including preanalytical factors associated with sampling, storage and pretreatment as well as subsequent analysis. Moreover, it provides an overview of the diagnostic applications of these salivary biomarkers in common oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical University Renji College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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17
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Alapati S, Fortuna G, Ramage G, Delaney C. Evaluation of Metabolomics as Diagnostic Targets in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:890. [PMID: 37623834 PMCID: PMC10456490 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, high-throughput technologies have facilitated the widespread use of metabolomics to identify biomarkers and targets for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). As a result, the primary goal of this systematic review is to identify and evaluate metabolite biomarkers and their pathways for OSCC that featured consistently across studies despite methodological variations. Six electronic databases (Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Embase) were reviewed for the longitudinal studies involving OSCC patients and metabolic marker analysis (in accordance with PRISMA 2020). The studies included ranged from the inception of metabolomics in OSCC (i.e., 1 January 2007) to 30 April 2023. The included studies were then assessed for their quality using the modified version of NIH quality assessment tool and QUADOMICS. Thirteen studies were included after screening 2285 studies. The majority of the studies were from South Asian regions, and metabolites were most frequently derived from saliva. Amino acids accounted for more than quarter of the detected metabolites, with glutamate and methionine being the most prominent. The top dysregulated metabolites indicated dysregulation of six significantly enriched pathways including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and arginine biosynthesis with the false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. Finally, this review highlights the potential of metabolomics for early diagnosis and therapeutic targeting of OSCC. However, larger studies and standardized protocols are needed to validate these findings and make them a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanth Alapati
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK; (S.A.)
| | - Giulio Fortuna
- Department of Oral Medicine, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK; (S.A.)
| | - Christopher Delaney
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK; (S.A.)
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18
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Saliva Metabolomic Profile in Dental Medicine Research: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030379. [PMID: 36984819 PMCID: PMC10052075 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic research tends to increase in popularity over the years, leading to the identification of new biomarkers related to specific health disorders. Saliva is one of the most newly introduced and systematically developed biofluids in the human body that can serve as an informative substance in the metabolomic profiling armamentarium. This review aims to analyze the current knowledge regarding the human salivary metabolome, its alterations due to physiological, environmental and external factors, as well as the limitations and drawbacks presented in the most recent research conducted, focusing on pre—analytical and analytical workflows. Furthermore, the use of the saliva metabolomic profile as a promising biomarker for several oral pathologies, such as oral cancer and periodontitis will be investigated.
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19
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Nam M, Jo SR, Park JH, Kim MS. Evaluation of critical factors in the preparation of saliva sample from healthy subjects for metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 223:115145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Updates and Original Case Studies Focused on the NMR-Linked Metabolomics Analysis of Human Oral Fluids Part II: Applications to the Diagnosis and Prognostic Monitoring of Oral and Systemic Cancers. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090778. [PMID: 36144183 PMCID: PMC9505390 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human saliva offers many advantages over other biofluids regarding its use and value as a bioanalytical medium for the identification and prognostic monitoring of human diseases, mainly because its collection is largely non-invasive, is relatively cheap, and does not require any major clinical supervision, nor supervisory input. Indeed, participants donating this biofluid for such purposes, including the identification, validation and quantification of surrogate biomarkers, may easily self-collect such samples in their homes following the provision of full collection details to them by researchers. In this report, the authors have focused on the applications of metabolomics technologies to the diagnosis and progressive severity monitoring of human cancer conditions, firstly oral cancers (e.g., oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma), and secondly extra-oral (systemic) cancers such as lung, breast and prostate cancers. For each publication reviewed, the authors provide a detailed evaluation and critical appraisal of the experimental design, sample size, ease of sample collection (usually but not exclusively as whole mouth saliva (WMS)), their transport, length of storage and preparation for analysis. Moreover, recommended protocols for the optimisation of NMR pulse sequences for analysis, along with the application of methods and techniques for verifying and resonance assignments and validating the quantification of biomolecules responsible, are critically considered. In view of the authors’ specialisms and research interests, the majority of these investigations were conducted using NMR-based metabolomics techniques. The extension of these studies to determinations of metabolic pathways which have been pathologically disturbed in these diseases is also assessed here and reviewed. Where available, data for the monitoring of patients’ responses to chemotherapeutic treatments, and in one case, radiotherapy, are also evaluated herein. Additionally, a novel case study featured evaluates the molecular nature, levels and diagnostic potential of 1H NMR-detectable salivary ‘acute-phase’ glycoprotein carbohydrate side chains, and/or their monomeric saccharide derivatives, as biomarkers for cancer and inflammatory conditions.
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21
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Panneerselvam K, Ishikawa S, Krishnan R, Sugimoto M. Salivary Metabolomics for Oral Cancer Detection: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050436. [PMID: 35629940 PMCID: PMC9144467 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of low- or non-invasive screening tests for cancer is crucial for early detection. Saliva is an ideal biofluid containing informative components for monitoring oral and systemic diseases. Metabolomics has frequently been used to identify and quantify numerous metabolites in saliva samples, serving as novel biomarkers associated with various conditions, including cancers. This review summarizes the recent applications of salivary metabolomics in biomarker discovery in oral cancers. We discussed the prevalence, epidemiologic characteristics, and risk factors of oral cancers, as well as the currently available screening programs, in India and Japan. These data imply that the development of biomarkers by itself is inadequate in cancer detection. The use of current diagnostic methods and new technologies is necessary for efficient salivary metabolomics analysis. We also discuss the gap between biomarker discovery and nationwide screening for the early detection of oral cancer and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Panneerselvam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Palayanoor PO, Madurantagam Taluk, Kancheepuram 603308, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | - Rajkumar Krishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai 600089, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute of Medical Research, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata 997-0811, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-235-29-0528
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22
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Nijakowski K, Gruszczyński D, Kopała D, Surdacka A. Salivary Metabolomics for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040294. [PMID: 35448481 PMCID: PMC9029144 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer in which the consumption of tobacco and alcohol is considered to be the main aetiological factor. Salivary metabolome profiling could identify novel biochemical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This systematic review was designed to answer the question “Are salivary metabolites reliable for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma?”. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, nineteen studies were included (according to PRISMA statement guidelines). In all included studies, the diagnostic material was unstimulated whole saliva, whose metabolome changes were determined by different spectroscopic methods. At the metabolic level, OSCC patients differed significantly not only from healthy subjects but also from patients with oral leukoplakia, lichen planus or other oral potentially malignant disorders. Among the detected salivary metabolites, there were the indicators of the impaired metabolic pathways, such as choline metabolism, amino acid pathways, polyamine metabolism, urea cycle, creatine metabolism, glycolysis or glycerolipid metabolism. In conclusion, saliva contains many potential metabolites, which can be used reliably to early diagnose and monitor staging in patients with OSCC. However, further investigations are necessary to confirm these findings and to identify new salivary metabolic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dawid Gruszczyński
- Student’s Scientific Group, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (D.G.); (D.K.)
| | - Dariusz Kopała
- Student’s Scientific Group, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (D.G.); (D.K.)
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
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23
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Li Z, Hu X, Yang X, Song Y, Jing Y, Hu Q, Ni Y. Identification of Metabolism-Associated Biomarkers for Early and Precise Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030400. [PMID: 35327590 PMCID: PMC8945702 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most common head and neck cancers, has not improved in the last 20 years. Poor prognosis of OSCC is the result of failure in early and precise diagnosis. Metabolic reprogramming, including the alteration of the uptake and utilisation of glucose, amino acids and lipids, is an important feature of OSCC and can be used to identify its biomarkers for early and precise diagnosis. In this review, we summarise how recent findings of rewired metabolic networks in OSCC have facilitated early and precise diagnosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wang
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Zihui Li
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xihu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 210008, China;
| | - Yuxian Song
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yue Jing
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (Y.N.)
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24
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Liu J, Li Z, Zhang T, Wang C, Chen W, Zhang D, Wang J. Long Noncoding RNA LINC00941 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Interacting with hnRNPK in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:2983-2995. [PMID: 35037538 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2027473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent carcinoma of the head, neck and mouth. Recently studies involving the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that play key regulatory roles in altering gene expression has been reported in the context of promoting tumorigenesis. However, the functions of lncRNAs in the context of oral squamous cell carcinoma have not been extensively described. In this study, we report a never identified before lncRNA, LINC00941, which was highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cells. Expression of LINC00941 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of OSCC cells In Vitro by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. In silico analyses revealed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) to be a strong positive regulator of LINC00941 activity. Experimental verification of this association revealed a direct interaction of LINC00941 and hnRNPK to induce cell growth and invasion by activating EMT in OSCC cells. Therefore, our study reports that LINC00941 promotes progression of OSCC by its interaction with hnRNPK, and it may present a promising strategy for diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, LiaoCheng, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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