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Rojo-López MI, Barranco-Altirriba M, Rossell J, Antentas M, Castelblanco E, Yanes O, Weber RJM, Lloyd GR, Winder C, Dunn WB, Julve J, Granado-Casas M, Mauricio D. The Lipidomic Profile Is Associated with the Dietary Pattern in Subjects with and without Diabetes Mellitus from a Mediterranean Area. Nutrients 2024; 16:1805. [PMID: 38931159 PMCID: PMC11206394 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid functions can be influenced by genetics, age, disease states, and lifestyle factors, particularly dietary patterns, which are crucial in diabetes management. Lipidomics is an expanding field involving the comprehensive exploration of lipids from biological samples. In this cross-sectional study, 396 participants from a Mediterranean region, including individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and non-diabetic individuals, underwent lipidomic profiling and dietary assessment. Participants completed validated food frequency questionnaires, and lipid analysis was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS). Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the association between lipid features and dietary patterns. Across all subjects, acylcarnitines (AcCa) and triglycerides (TG) displayed negative associations with the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), indicating a link between lipidomic profiles and dietary habits. Various lipid species (LS) showed positive and negative associations with dietary carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Notably, in the interaction analysis between diabetes and the aHEI, we found some lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) that showed a similar direction with respect to aHEI in non-diabetic individuals and T2D subjects, while an opposite direction was observed in T1D subjects. The study highlights the significant association between lipidomic profiles and dietary habits in people with and without diabetes, particularly emphasizing the role of healthy dietary choices, as reflected by the aHEI, in modulating lipid concentrations. These findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions to improve metabolic health outcomes, especially in the context of diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Idalia Rojo-López
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.B.-A.); (J.R.); (M.A.); (J.J.)
| | - Maria Barranco-Altirriba
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.B.-A.); (J.R.); (M.A.); (J.J.)
- B2SLab, Departament d’Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the Subject Area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Rossell
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.B.-A.); (J.R.); (M.A.); (J.J.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria Antentas
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.B.-A.); (J.R.); (M.A.); (J.J.)
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ralf J. M. Weber
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (R.J.M.W.); (G.R.L.); (C.W.); (W.B.D.)
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gavin R. Lloyd
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (R.J.M.W.); (G.R.L.); (C.W.); (W.B.D.)
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Catherine Winder
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (R.J.M.W.); (G.R.L.); (C.W.); (W.B.D.)
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Warwick B. Dunn
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (R.J.M.W.); (G.R.L.); (C.W.); (W.B.D.)
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.B.-A.); (J.R.); (M.A.); (J.J.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Minerva Granado-Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Research Group of Health Care (GreCS), IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.R.-L.); (M.B.-A.); (J.R.); (M.A.); (J.J.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic (UVIC/UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
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Fu Y, Li S, Xiao Y, Liu G, Fang J. A Metabolite Perspective on the Involvement of the Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14991. [PMID: 37834439 PMCID: PMC10573635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a commonly diagnosed condition that has been extensively studied. The composition and activity of gut microbes, as well as the metabolites they produce (such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, trimethylamine N-oxide, and bile acids) can significantly impact diabetes development. Treatment options, including medication, can enhance the gut microbiome and its metabolites, and even reverse intestinal epithelial dysfunction. Both animal and human studies have demonstrated the role of microbiota metabolites in influencing diabetes, as well as their complex chemical interactions with signaling molecules. This article focuses on the importance of microbiota metabolites in type 2 diabetes and provides an overview of various pharmacological and dietary components that can serve as therapeutic tools for reducing the risk of developing diabetes. A deeper understanding of the link between gut microbial metabolites and T2D will enhance our knowledge of the disease and may offer new treatment approaches. Although many animal studies have investigated the palliative and attenuating effects of gut microbial metabolites on T2D, few have established a complete cure. Therefore, conducting more systematic studies in the future is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jun Fang
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.F.); (S.L.); (Y.X.)
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Kirwan JP, Heintz EC, Rebello CJ, Axelrod CL. Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4559-4585. [PMID: 36815623 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a systemic, multifactorial disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite a rise in the number of available medications and treatments available for management, exercise remains a first-line prevention and intervention strategy due to established safety, efficacy, and tolerability in the general population. Herein we review the predisposing risk factors for, prevention, pathophysiology, and treatment of type 2 diabetes. We emphasize key cellular and molecular adaptive processes that provide insight into our evolving understanding of how, when, and what types of exercise may improve glycemic control. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:1-27, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Kirwan
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Heintz
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Candida J Rebello
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Dietary Carbohydrate as Glycemic Load, Not Fat, Coupled with Genetic Permissiveness Favoring Rapid Growth and Extra Calories, Dictate Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Induction in Nile Rats ( Arvicanthis niloticus). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153064. [PMID: 35893924 PMCID: PMC9331090 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Whether dietary carbohydrate (CHO) or fat is more involved in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) induction uncomplicated by dietary fiber was addressed in a spontaneous diabetic model, the diurnal Nile rat that mimics the human condition. Methods: A total of 138 male Nile rats were fed plant-based and animal-based saturated fat where 10% energy as CHO and fat were exchanged across 5 diets keeping protein constant, from 70:10:20 to 20:60:20 as CHO:fat:protein %energy. Diabetes induction was analyzed by: 1. diet composition, i.e., CHO:fat ratio, to study the impact of diet; 2. quintiles of average caloric intake per day to study the impact of calories; 3. quintiles of diabetes severity to study the epigenetic impact on diabetes resistance. Results: High glycemic load (GLoad) was most problematic if coupled with high caloric consumption. Diabetes severity highlighted rapid growth and caloric intake as likely epigenetic factors distorting glucose metabolism. The largest weanling rats ate more, grew faster, and developed more diabetes when the dietary GLoad exceeded their gene-based metabolic capacity for glucose disposal. Diabetes risk increased for susceptible rats when energy intake exceeded 26 kcal/day and the GLoad was >175/2000 kcal of diet and when the diet provided >57% energy as CHO. Most resistant rats ate <25 kcal/day independent of the CHO:fat diet ratio or the GLoad adjusted to body size. Conclusion: Beyond the CHO:fat ratio and GLoad, neither the type of fat nor the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio had a significant impact, suggesting genetic permissiveness affecting caloric and glucose intake and glucose disposition were key to modulating Nile rat diabetes. Fat became protective by limiting GLoad when it contributed >40% energy and displaced CHO to <50% energy, thereby decreasing the number of diabetic rats and diabetes severity.
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Chronic Central Leptin Infusion Promotes an Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Profile Related to the Activation of Insulin Signaling in the Gastrocnemius of Male Rats. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071465. [PMID: 35884769 PMCID: PMC9312815 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is involved in the modulation of insulin signaling in peripheral tissues, being closely associated with changes in lipid metabolism. This adipokine modifies inflammatory pathways that can interact with insulin targets in peripheral organs; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Inflammatory and insulin signaling targets, cytokines, adiponectin, irisin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels and enzymes of fatty acid anabolism were studied in the gastrocnemius of chronic centrally infused leptin (L), pair-fed and control rats. The phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was reduced in L rats (59% and 58%, respectively). The phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and Akt and adiponectin and irisin content was increased in L rats (154%, 157%, 308% and 329%, respectively). The levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the mRNA content of acetyl Co-A carboxylase and NEFA concentrations were diminished in the muscles of L rats (59%, 50% and 61%, respectively). The activation of JNK correlated positively with STAT3 phosphorylation, tumoral necrosis factor-α and NEFA and negatively with irisin and Akt phosphorylation. These data suggest that the activation of insulin signaling targets and a decrease in NEFA content are associated with a reduction in muscle inflammation parameters, suggesting that leptin may integrate these pathways.
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