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Duarte P, Ameixa OMCC, Palma M, Louzado M, Rodrigues D, Pinho M, Viegas I. Tracking lipid synthesis using 2H2O and 2H-NMR spectroscopy in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae fed with macroalgae. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247941. [PMID: 38916067 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are used to upcycle biowaste into insect biomass for animal feed. Previous research on black soldier fly has explored the assimilation of dietary fatty acids (FAs), but endogenous FA synthesis and modification remain comparatively unexplored. This study presents a 1H/2H-NMR methodology for measuring lipid synthesis in black soldier fly larvae using diluted deuterated water (2H2O) as a stable isotopic tracer delivered through the feeding media. This approach was validated by measuring 2H incorporation into the larvae's body water and consequent labelling of FA esterified into triacylglycerols. A 5% 2H enrichment in the body water, adequate to label the FA, is achieved after 24 h in a substrate with 10% 2H2O. A standard feeding trial using an invasive macroalgae was designed to test this method, revealing de novo lipogenesis was lower in larvae fed with macroalgae, probably related to the poor nutritional value of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Duarte
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- ECOMARE - Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olga M C C Ameixa
- ECOMARE - Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Palma
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Louzado
- ECOMARE - Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- ECOMARE - Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marisa Pinho
- ECOMARE - Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ivan Viegas
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Oshiro AM, Khan KU, Carli GC, Pahor-Filho E, Sakomura NK, Fernandes JBK, Takahashi LS. Effect of digestible protein on intermediate metabolism, hepatic enzyme activities, energy reserves, and growth performance of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in the finishing growth phase. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:259-271. [PMID: 37847337 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different levels of digestible protein (DP) on blood metabolites, hepatic enzyme activity of glycolysis and amino acid metabolism, energy reserves, and the production characteristics of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) during the finishing growth phase. Six semi purified and isoenergetic diets, containing 16.3, 20.1, 23.8, 27.2, 31.5, and 34.8% of balanced DP, provided with essential amino acid balance, were hand-fed to pacu (1100.0 ± 10.3 g, initial weight) three times daily for 7 weeks. The experiment consisted of six treatments, with three randomly arranged replicates (tanks) per treatment. The data obtained from this experiment were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments were determined using Tukey's test. Blood metabolites, except serum ammonia and the hepatic enzymes activities of glycolysis and amino acid metabolism, except hexokinase activity were affected (p < 0.05) by balanced DP. The energy reserve indices, except hepatic total lipid content, were also found associated (p < 0.05) with balanced DP. The test diets significantly (p < 0.05) affected growth performance parameters. Higher dietary proteins led to a greater energy uptake by fish from the protein in feed. Overall, fish fed the intermediate level (23.8%) of balanced DP with digestible energy of 17.95 MJ kg-1 showed better production traits and physio-biochemical health markers. This information could help nutritionists and farmers to develop nutritionally balanced and economically and environmentally sustainable aquafeed for promoting healthy and sustainable production of pacu in intensive culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Miyuki Oshiro
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences (FCAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena. Rod. Comte. João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651, Dracena, SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Kifayat Ullah Khan
- Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Gabriela Castellani Carli
- Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pahor-Filho
- Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Nilva Kazue Sakomura
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes
- Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Susumu Takahashi
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences (FCAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena. Rod. Comte. João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651, Dracena, SP, 17900-000, Brazil.
- Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Pinto J. Advances in Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040534. [PMID: 37110192 PMCID: PMC10143415 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics constitutes a promising approach to clinical diagnostics, but its practical implementation in clinical settings is hindered by the requirement for rapid and efficient analytical methods [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pinto
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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