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Debong MW, N'Diaye K, Schöberl D, Yin Y, Lang R, Buettner A, Hofmann T, Loos HM. Linalool, 1,8-Cineole, and Eugenol Transfer from a Curry Dish into Human Urine. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300396. [PMID: 37953385 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE For most substances, there are several routes of excretion from the human body. This study focuses on urinary excretion of dietary odorants and compares the results with previously obtained results on excretion into milk. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactating mothers (n = 18) are given a standardized curry dish and donate urine samples before and after the intervention. The odorants 1,8-cineole, linalool, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, sotolone, eugenol, vanillin, and γ-nonalactone are quantitatively analyzed. A significant transition of up to 6 µg g-1 creatinine into urine is observed for linalool, 1,8-cineole, and eugenol. Maximum concentrations are reached 1.5 h after the intervention for 1,8-cineole and eugenol as well as 2.5 h after the intervention for linalool. Comparison with previous results reveals that the excretion pattern of odorants into urine is divergent from the one into milk. In a second intervention study (n = 6), excretion of phase II metabolites into urine is studied using β-glucuronidase treatment. Linalool and eugenol concentrations are 23 and 77 times higher after treatment than before treatment with β-glucuronidase, respectively. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates transition of linalool, 1,8-cineole, and eugenol from the diet into urine and excretion of glucuronides in the case of linalool, eugenol, and vanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel W Debong
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina N'Diaye
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniela Schöberl
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Yue Yin
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at Technical University Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Helene M Loos
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Fašmon Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Dierick N, Martelli G, Westendorf J, Anguita M, Ortuño Casanova J, Manini P. Safety of 27 flavouring compounds providing a milky-vanilla flavour and belonging to different chemical groups for use as feed additives in all animal species (FEFANA asbl). EFSA J 2023; 21:e07713. [PMID: 36698489 PMCID: PMC9846309 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of 27 compounds to provide a milky-vanilla flavour belonging to different chemical groups, when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species. Fifteen of the 27 compounds were tested in tolerance studies in chickens for fattening, piglets and cattle for fattening. No adverse effects were observed in the tolerance studies at 10-fold the intended level. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the 15 tested compounds were safe for these species at the proposed use level and conclusions were extrapolated to all animal species. For the remaining 12 compounds, read-across from structurally similar compounds tested in tolerance trials and belonging to the same chemical group was applied. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that these 12 compounds were safe for all animal species at the proposed use level. No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use of the 27 compounds up to the highest levels considered safe for target animals. No new data were submitted on the safety for the user that would allow the FEEDAP Panel to change its previous conclusion for 5-methylhept-2-en-4-one [07.139], 5-methylfurfural [13.001] and 4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one [07.024]. The concentrations considered safe for the target species are unlikely to have detrimental effects on the environment for all the compounds.
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Association between Smoking and Urine Indole Levels Measured by a Commercialized Test. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030234. [PMID: 35323677 PMCID: PMC8950635 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoles are formed from dietary tryptophan by tryptophanase-positive bacterium. A few amounts of indole are excreted in the urine. On the other hand, cigarette smoke contains indoles, which could also change the urine indole levels. This study sought to elucidate the relationship between urine indole levels and smoking habits. A total of 273 healthy men (46 ± 6 years old) were enrolled in the study. Fasting urine and blood samples were obtained in the morning. The indole concentration was measured by a commercialized kit with a modified Kovac’s reagent. The relationship with smoking status was evaluated. The median value of the urine indole test was 29.2 mg/L (interquartile range; 19.6–40.8). The urine indole level was significantly elevated in the smoking subjects (non-smoking group, 28.9 (20.9–39.1) mg/L, n = 94; past-smoking group, 24.5 (15.7–35.5) mg/L, n = 108; current-smoking group, 34.3 (26.9–45.0) mg/L, n = 71). In the current-smoking group, urine indole levels correlated with the number of cigarettes per day (ρ = 0.224, p = 0.060). A multivariate regression test with stepwise method revealed that the factors relating to urine indole level were current smoking (yes 1/no 0) (standardized coefficient β = 0.173, p = 0.004), blood urea nitrogen (β = 0.152, p = 0.011), and triglyceride (β = −0.116, p = 0.051). The result suggests that smoking is associated with increased urine indole levels. The practical test might be used as a screening tool to identify the harmful effect of smoking.
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Taunk K, Porto-Figueira P, Pereira JAM, Taware R, da Costa NL, Barbosa R, Rapole S, Câmara JS. Urinary Volatomic Expression Pattern: Paving the Way for Identification of Potential Candidate Biosignatures for Lung Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:36. [PMID: 35050157 PMCID: PMC8780352 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The urinary volatomic profiling of Indian cohorts composed of 28 lung cancer (LC) patients and 27 healthy subjects (control group, CTRL) was established using headspace solid phase microextraction technique combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry methodology as a powerful approach to identify urinary volatile organic metabolites (uVOMs) to discriminate among LC patients from CTRL. Overall, 147 VOMs of several chemistries were identified in the intervention groups-including naphthalene derivatives, phenols, and organosulphurs-augmented in the LC group. In contrast, benzene and terpenic derivatives were found to be more prevalent in the CTRL group. The volatomic data obtained were processed using advanced statistical analysis, namely partial least square discriminative analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) methods. This resulted in the identification of nine uVOMs with a higher potential to discriminate LC patients from CTRL subjects. These were furan, o-cymene, furfural, linalool oxide, viridiflorene, 2-bromo-phenol, tricyclazole, 4-methyl-phenol, and 1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl-3-morpholinopropan-1-one. The metabolic pathway analysis of the data obtained identified several altered biochemical pathways in LC mainly affecting glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Moreover, acetate and octanoic, decanoic, and dodecanoic fatty acids were identified as the key metabolites responsible for such deregulation. Furthermore, studies involving larger cohorts of LC patients would allow us to consolidate the data obtained and challenge the potential of the uVOMs as candidate biomarkers for LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushman Taunk
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India; (K.T.); (R.T.)
| | - Priscilla Porto-Figueira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (P.P.-F.); (J.A.M.P.)
| | - Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (P.P.-F.); (J.A.M.P.)
| | - Ravindra Taware
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India; (K.T.); (R.T.)
| | - Nattane Luíza da Costa
- Instituto de Informática, Alameda Palmeiras, Quadra D, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (N.L.d.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Rommel Barbosa
- Instituto de Informática, Alameda Palmeiras, Quadra D, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (N.L.d.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India; (K.T.); (R.T.)
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (P.P.-F.); (J.A.M.P.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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Mack CI, Egert B, Liberto E, Weinert CH, Bub A, Hoffmann I, Bicchi C, Kulling SE, Cordero C. Robust Markers of Coffee Consumption Identified Among the Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Urine. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801060. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina I. Mack
- Max Rubner‐InstitutDepartment of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables Haid‐und‐Neu‐Straße 9 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Björn Egert
- Max Rubner‐InstitutDepartment of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables Haid‐und‐Neu‐Straße 9 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Erica Liberto
- Università degli Studi di TorinoDipartimento di Scienza e tecnologia del Farmaco Via Pietro Giuria 9 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Christoph H. Weinert
- Max Rubner‐InstitutDepartment of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables Haid‐und‐Neu‐Straße 9 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Max Rubner‐InstitutDepartment of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition Haid‐und‐Neu‐Straße 9 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ingrid Hoffmann
- Max Rubner‐InstitutDepartment of Nutritional Behaviour Haid‐und‐Neu‐Straße 9 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Università degli Studi di TorinoDipartimento di Scienza e tecnologia del Farmaco Via Pietro Giuria 9 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Sabine E. Kulling
- Max Rubner‐InstitutDepartment of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables Haid‐und‐Neu‐Straße 9 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Università degli Studi di TorinoDipartimento di Scienza e tecnologia del Farmaco Via Pietro Giuria 9 10125 Torino Italy
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Scheffler L, Sharapa C, Buettner A. Quantification of volatile metabolites derived from garlic in human breast milk. Food Chem 2018; 274:603-610. [PMID: 30372984 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal garlic intake during pregnancy and the breastfeeding period has been reported to be associated with the potential of modulating later garlic acceptance in infants. However, the metabolism of garlic constituents in humans and their elimination and potential excretion into human milk are not yet fully understood. In previous studies, we identified volatile garlic-derived metabolites in human milk as well as in human urine, namely allyl methyl sulfide, allyl methyl sulfoxide and allyl methyl sulfone. To monitor the excretion of these garlic metabolites in a larger cohort, we quantified these metabolites in a total of 18 human milk sets, whereby each set comprised of one sample collected before and three samples after garlic consumption. The analyses revealed that the concentrations of the metabolites were most abundant 1-3.5 h after garlic consumption, with distinct differences between test persons regarding metabolite concentrations as well as temporal excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Scheffler
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Constanze Sharapa
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Giggenhauserstr. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Giggenhauserstr. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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7
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Panebianco C, Kelman E, Vene K, Gioffreda D, Tavano F, Vilu R, Terracciano F, Pata I, Adamberg K, Andriulli A, Pazienza V. Cancer sniffer dogs: how can we translate this peculiarity in laboratory medicine? Results of a pilot study on gastrointestinal cancers. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 56:138-146. [PMID: 28590915 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of cancer biomarkers to allow early diagnosis is an urgent need for many types of tumors, whose prognosis strongly depends on the stage of the disease. Canine olfactory testing for detecting cancer is an emerging field of investigation. As an alternative, here we propose to use GC-Olfactometry (GC/O), which enables the speeding up of targeted biomarker identification and analysis. A pilot study was conducted in order to determine odor-active compounds in urine that discriminate patients with gastrointestinal cancers from control samples (healthy people). METHODS Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC/MS and GC-olfactometry (GC/O) analysis were performed on urine samples obtained from gastrointestinal cancer patients and healthy controls. RESULTS In total, 91 key odor-active compounds were found in the urine samples. Although no odor-active biomarkers present were found in cancer carrier's urine, significant differences were discovered in the odor activities of 11 compounds in the urine of healthy and diseased people. Seven of above mentioned compounds were identified: thiophene, 2-methoxythiophene, dimethyl disulphide, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-(or 5-)methyl-3-hexanone, 4-ethyl guaiacol and phenylacetic acid. The other four compounds remained unknown. CONCLUSIONS GC/O has a big potential to identify compounds not detectable using untargeted GC/MS approach. This paves the way for further research aimed at improving and validating the performance of this technique so that the identified cancer-associated compounds may be introduced as biomarkers in clinical practice to support early cancer diagnosis.
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Hall G, Alenljung S, Forsgren-Brusk U. Identification of Key Odorants in Used Disposable Absorbent Incontinence Products. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2017; 44:269-276. [PMID: 28328644 PMCID: PMC5417576 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify key odorants in used disposable absorbent incontinence products. DESIGN Descriptive in vitro study SUBJECTS AND SETTING:: Samples of used incontinence products were collected from 8 residents with urinary incontinence living in geriatric nursing homes in the Gothenburg area of Sweden. Products were chosen from a larger set of products that had previously been characterized by descriptive odor analysis. METHODS Pieces of the used incontinence products were cut from the wet area, placed in glass bottles, and kept frozen until dynamic headspace sampling of volatile compounds was completed. Gas chromatography-olfactometry was used to identify which compounds contributed most to the odors in the samples. Compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Twenty-eight volatiles were found to be key odorants in the used incontinence products. Twenty-six were successfully identified. They belonged to the following classes of chemical compounds: aldehydes (6); amines (1); aromatics (3); isothiocyanates (1); heterocyclics (2); ketones (6); sulfur compounds (6); and terpenes (1). CONCLUSION Nine of the 28 key odorants were considered to be of particular importance to the odor of the used incontinence products: 3-methylbutanal, trimethylamine, cresol, guaiacol, 4,5-dimethylthiazole-S-oxide, diacetyl, dimethyl trisulfide, 5-methylthio-4-penten-2-ol, and an unidentified compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Hall
- Gunnar Hall, PhD, Sensory and Flavor Science, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Food and Bioscience, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Susanne Alenljung, MSc, Hygiene and Odor, SCA Hygiene Products AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Ulla Forsgren-Brusk, MSc, Hygiene and Odor, SCA Hygiene Products AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Alenljung
- Correspondence: Susanne Alenljung, MSc, Hygiene and Odor, SCA Hygiene Products AB, SE-405 03 Gothenburg, Sweden ()
| | - Ulla Forsgren-Brusk
- Gunnar Hall, PhD, Sensory and Flavor Science, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Food and Bioscience, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Susanne Alenljung, MSc, Hygiene and Odor, SCA Hygiene Products AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Ulla Forsgren-Brusk, MSc, Hygiene and Odor, SCA Hygiene Products AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Andreev N, Ronteltap M, Boincean B, Wernli M, Zubcov E, Bagrin N, Borodin N, Lens PNL. Lactic acid fermentation of human urine to improve its fertilizing value and reduce odour emissions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:63-69. [PMID: 28448847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During storage of urine, urea is biologically decomposed to ammonia, which can be lost through volatilization and in turn causes significant unpleasant smell. In response, lactic acid fermentation of urine is a cost-effective technique to decrease nitrogen volatilization and reduce odour emissions. Fresh urine (pH = 5.2-5.3 and NH4+-N = 1.2-1.3 g L-1) was lacto-fermented for 36 days in closed glass jars with a lactic acid bacterial inoculum from sauerkraut juice and compared to untreated, stored urine. In the lacto-fermented urine, the pH was reduced to 3.8-4.7 and the ammonium content by 22-30%, while the pH of the untreated urine rose to 6.1 and its ammonium content increased by 32% due to urea hydrolysis. The concentration of lactic acid bacteria in lacto-fermented urine was 7.3 CFU ml-1, suggesting that urine is a suitable growth medium for lactic acid bacteria. The odour of the stored urine was subjectively perceived by four people to be twice as strong as that of lacto-fermented samples. Lacto-fermented urine induced increased radish germination compared to stored urine (74-86% versus 2-31%). Adding a lactic acid bacterial inoculum to one week old urine in the storage tanks in a urine-diverting dry toilet reduced the pH from 8.9 to 7.7 after one month, while the ammonium content increased by 35%, probably due to the high initial pH of the urine. Given that the hydrolyzed stale urine has a high buffering capacity, the lactic acid bacterial inoculum should be added to the urine storage tank of a UDDT before urine starts to accumulate there to increase the efficiency of the lactic acid fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Andreev
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - M Ronteltap
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - B Boincean
- Research Institute for Field Crops, Selectia, 28 Calea Ieşilor str., MD 3101, Baltsy, Republic of Moldova.
| | - M Wernli
- School of Design, V810, Jockey Club Innovation Tower, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
| | - E Zubcov
- Institute of Zoology, Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecotoxicology, 1 Academiei str., MD-2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.
| | - N Bagrin
- Institute of Zoology, Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecotoxicology, 1 Academiei str., MD-2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.
| | - N Borodin
- Institute of Zoology, Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecotoxicology, 1 Academiei str., MD-2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.
| | - P N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands.
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10
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Loos HM, Doucet S, Védrines F, Sharapa C, Soussignan R, Durand K, Sagot P, Buettner A, Schaal B. Responses of Human Neonates to Highly Diluted Odorants from Sweat. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:106-117. [PMID: 28062945 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated forms of odorants contributing to sweat odor occur not only in human sweat but also in amniotic fluid, colostrum, and milk. However, it is unclear whether the released odorants are detected and hedonically discriminated by human newborns. To investigate this issue, we administered highly diluted solutions of (R)/(S)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (MSH), (R)/(S)-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (SH), (E)/(Z)-3-methylhex-2-enoic acid (3M2H), and (R)/(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid (HMHA) to 3-d-old infants while their respiratory rate and oro-facial movements were recorded. Adult sensitivity to these odorants was assessed via triangle tests. Whereas no neonatal stimulus-specific response was found for respiratory rate, oro-facial reactivity indicated orthonasal detection of MSH and SH by male neonates, and of HMHA by the whole group of neonates. Dependent on the dilution of odorants, newborns evinced neutral responses or longer negative oro-facial expressions compared with the reference stimuli. Finally, newborns appeared to be more sensitive to the target odorants than did adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene M Loos
- Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France. .,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Sébastien Doucet
- Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fanny Védrines
- Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Constanze Sharapa
- Department of Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Robert Soussignan
- Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Karine Durand
- Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Sagot
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Biology, University Hospital Dijon, 1 bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Benoist Schaal
- Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
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Scheffler L, Sauermann Y, Heinlein A, Sharapa C, Buettner A. Detection of Volatile Metabolites Derived from Garlic (Allium sativum) in Human Urine. Metabolites 2016; 6:E43. [PMID: 27916960 PMCID: PMC5192449 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism and excretion of flavor constituents of garlic, a common plant used in flavoring foods and attributed with several health benefits, in humans is not fully understood. Likewise, the physiologically active principles of garlic have not been fully clarified to date. It is possible that not only the parent compounds present in garlic but also its metabolites are responsible for the specific physiological properties of garlic, including its influence on the characteristic body odor signature of humans after garlic consumption. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate potential garlic-derived metabolites in human urine. To this aim, 14 sets of urine samples were obtained from 12 volunteers, whereby each set comprised one sample that was collected prior to consumption of food-relevant concentrations of garlic, followed by five to eight subsequent samples after garlic consumption that covered a time interval of up to 26 h. The samples were analyzed chemo-analytically using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O), as well as sensorially by a trained human panel. The analyses revealed three different garlic-derived metabolites in urine, namely allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), allyl methyl sulfoxide (AMSO) and allyl methyl sulfone (AMSO₂), confirming our previous findings on human milk metabolite composition. The excretion rates of these metabolites into urine were strongly time-dependent with distinct inter-individual differences. These findings indicate that the volatile odorant fraction of garlic is heavily biotransformed in humans, opening up a window into substance circulation within the human body with potential wider ramifications in view of physiological effects of this aromatic plant that is appreciated by humans in their daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Scheffler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Sauermann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anja Heinlein
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Constanze Sharapa
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Denzer MY, Kirsch F, Buettner A. Are odorant constituents of herbal tea transferred into human milk? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:104-111. [PMID: 25436940 DOI: 10.1021/jf504073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates aroma transfer from commercial nursing tea, consumed in the maternal diet, into human milk by correlating sensory assessments with quantitative analytical data. The target terpenes were quantified in milk (expressed before and after tea consumption) and tea samples via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using stable isotope dilution assays (volunteer donors n = 5). Sensory analyses were carried out on different milk samples from a single donor, sampled before (blank) and at different times after tea ingestion. Quantitative analysis revealed that no significant odorant transfer into milk was observed after lactating women drank the tea. The comparative sensorial analysis of milk samples expressed before and after tea consumption confirmed that tea ingestion had no significant influence on the odor profile of human milk.
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Pleil JD, Miekisch W, Stiegel MA, Beauchamp J. Extending breath analysis to the cellular level: current thoughts on the human microbiome and the expression of organic compounds in the human exposome. J Breath Res 2014; 8:029001. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/2/029001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of furanones and tetrahydrofurfuryl derivatives: 5‐ethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐methylfuran‐2(5H)‐one and 3‐hydroxy‐4, 5‐dimethylfuran‐2(5H)‐one (chemical group 13) when used as flavourings for all animal species. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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