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Omondi VO, Bosire GO, Onyari JM, Kibet C, Mwasya S, Onyonyi VN, Getahun MN. Multi-omics analyses reveal rumen microbes and secondary metabolites that are unique to livestock species. mSystems 2024; 9:e0122823. [PMID: 38294243 PMCID: PMC10878066 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01228-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruminant livestock, including cattle, sheep, goats, and camels, possess a distinctive digestive system with complex microbiota communities critical for feed conversion and secondary metabolite production, including greenhouse gases. Yet, there is limited knowledge regarding the diversity of rumen microbes and metabolites benefiting livestock physiology, productivity, climate impact, and defense mechanisms across ruminant species. In this study, we utilized metataxonomics and metabolomics data from four evolutionarily distinct livestock species, which had fed on diverse plant materials like grass, shrubs, and acacia trees, to uncover the unique signature microbes and secondary metabolites. We established the presence of a distinctive anaerobic fungus called Oontomyces in camels, while cattle exhibited a higher prevalence of unique microbes like Psychrobacter, Anaeromyces, Cyllamyces, and Orpinomyces. Goats hosted Cleistothelebolus, and Liebetanzomyces was unique to sheep. Furthermore, we identified a set of conserved core microbes, including Prevotella, Rickenellaceae, Cladosporium, and Pecoramyces, present in all the ruminants, irrespective of host genetics and dietary composition. This underscores their indispensable role in maintaining crucial physiological functions. Regarding secondary metabolites, camel's rumen is rich in organic acids, goat's rumen is rich in alcohols and hydrocarbons, sheep's rumen is rich in indoles, and cattle's rumen is rich in sesquiterpenes. Additionally, linalool propionate and terpinolene were uniquely found in sheep rumen, while valencene was exclusive to cattle. This may suggest the existence of species-specific microbes and metabolites that require host rumen-microbes' environment balance. These results have implications for manipulating the rumen environment to target specific microbes and secondary metabolite networks, thereby enhancing livestock productivity, resilience, reducing susceptibility to vectors, and environmentally preferred livestock husbandry.IMPORTANCERumen fermentation, which depends on feed components and rumen microbes, plays a crucial role in feed conversion and the production of various metabolites important for the physiological functions, health, and environmental smartness of ruminant livestock, in addition to providing food for humans. However, given the complexity and variation of the rumen ecosystem and feed of these various livestock species, combined with inter-individual differences between gut microbial communities, how they influence the rumen secondary metabolites remains elusive. Using metagenomics and metabolomics approaches, we show that each livestock species has a signature microbe(s) and secondary metabolites. These findings may contribute toward understanding the rumen ecosystem, microbiome and metabolite networks, which may provide a gateway to manipulating rumen ecosystem pathways toward making livestock production efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor O. Omondi
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi (U.o.N), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - John M. Onyari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi (U.o.N), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caleb Kibet
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Mwasya
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vanessa N. Onyonyi
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Merid N. Getahun
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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Tan C, Selamat J, Jambari NN, Sukor R, Murugesu S, Muhamad A, Khatib A. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics study of serum and pectoralis major for different commercial chicken breeds. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2106-2117. [PMID: 37181311 PMCID: PMC10171504 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the metabolic composition of four types of commercially available chicken breeds [village chicken, colored broiler (Hubbard), broiler (Cobb), and spent layers (Dekalb)] by 1H NMR coupling and discriminate them using multivariate analysis. Five chickens were collected for each chicken breed based on the marketing age from the respective commercial farms. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results showed an obvious separation of local village chickens from the other breeds based on the metabolites present in their serum and meat (pectoralis major). The cumulative values of Q 2, R 2 X, and R 2 Y of the OPLS-DA model for chicken serum were 0.722, 0.877, and 0.841. For the pectoralis major muscle, the cumulative values of Q 2, R 2 X, and R 2 Y of the OPLS-DA model were reported as 0.684, 0.781, and 0.786, respectively. The quality of both OPLS-DA models was accepted by the cumulative values of Q 2 ≥ 0.5 and R 2 ≥ 0.65. The 1H NMR result with multivariate analysis has successfully distinguished local village chicken from the other three commercial chicken breeds based on serum and pectoralis major muscle. Nonetheless, colored broiler (Hubbard) was not distinguished from broiler (Cobb) and spent layers (Dekalb) in serum and pectoralis major, respectively. The OPLS-DA assessment in this study identified 19 and 15 potential metabolites for discriminating different chicken breeds in serum and pectoralis major muscle, respectively. Some of the prominent metabolites identified include amino acids (betaine, glycine, glutamine, guanidoacetate, phenylalanine, and valine), nucleotides (IMP and NAD+), organic acids (lactate, malate, and succinate), peptide (anserine), and sugar alcohol (myo-inositol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkeng Tan
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
- National Public Health LaboratoryMinistry of Health MalaysiaSungai BulohMalaysia
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
| | - Suganya Murugesu
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)SerdangMalaysia
| | - Azira Muhamad
- Malaysia Genome InstituteNational Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM)KajangMalaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyInternational Islamic University MalaysiaKuantanMalaysia
- Faculty of PharmacyAirlangga UniversitySurabayaIndonesia
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3
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Fiore E, Lisuzzo A, Laghi L, Harvatine KJ, Mazzotta E, Alterisio MC, Ciaramella P, Zhu C, Contiero B, Faillace V, Guccione J. Serum metabolomics assessment of etiological processes predisposing ketosis in water buffalo during early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3465-3476. [PMID: 36935234 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders as ketosis are manifestations of the animal's inability to manage the increase in energy requirement during early lactation. Generally, buffaloes show a different response to higher metabolic demands than other ruminants with a lower incidence of metabolic problems, although ketosis is one of the major diseases that may decrease the productivity in buffaloes. The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolic profile of Mediterranean buffaloes (MB) associated with 2 different levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Sixty-two MB within 50 days in milk (DIM) were enrolled and divided into 2 groups according to serum BHB concentration: healthy group (37 MB; BHB <0.70 mmol/L; body condition score: 5.00; parity: 3.78; and DIM: 30.70) and group at risk of hyperketonemia (25 MB; BHB ≥0.70 mmol/L; body condition score: 4.50; parity: 3.76; and DIM: 33.20). The statistical analysis was conducted by one-way ANOVA and unpaired 2-sample Wilcoxon tests. Fifty-seven metabolites were identified and among them, 12 were significant or tended to be significant. These metabolites were related to different metabolic changes such as mobilization of body resources, ruminal fermentations, urea cycle, thyroid hormone synthesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress status. These findings are suggestive of metabolic changes related to subclinical ketosis status that should be further investigated to better characterize this disease in the MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - A Lisuzzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - L Laghi
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - K J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, State College 16801
| | - E Mazzotta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - M C Alterisio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli "Federico II," Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
| | - P Ciaramella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli "Federico II," Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - B Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - V Faillace
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - J Guccione
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli "Federico II," Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
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Zhu C, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Yang Z, Yang F, Yang Y, Tang J, Laghi L. Metabolomic Analysis of Multiple Biological Specimens (Feces, Serum, and Urine) by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040741. [PMID: 36830529 PMCID: PMC9952568 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to huge economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide, mastitis can be considered as one of the most common diseases in dairy cows. This work aimed to study this disease by comparing multiple biological specimens (feces, serum, and urine) from individuals with or without clinical mastitis. This was performed by a single analytical platform, namely 1H-NMR, through a multi-matrix strategy. Thanks to the high reproducibility of 1H-NMR, we could characterize 120 molecules across dairy cow feces, serum, and urine. Among them, 23 molecules were in common across the three biofluids. By integrating the results of multi-matrix metabolomics, several pathways pertaining to energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism appeared to be affected by clinical mastitis. The present work wished to deepen the understanding of dairy cow mastitis in its clinical form. Simultaneous analysis of metabolome changes across several key biofluids could facilitate knowledge discovery and the reliable identification of potential biomarkers, which could be, in turn, used to shed light on the early diagnosis of dairy cow mastitis in its subclinical form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhibo Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Falong Yang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Farming and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Ganzi County, Ganzi 626700, China
| | - Junni Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-028-85928243 (J.T.); +39-0547-338106 (L.L.)
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-028-85928243 (J.T.); +39-0547-338106 (L.L.)
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Zhu C, Jin L, Luo B, Zhou Q, Dong L, Li X, Zhang H, Huang Y, Li C, Zou L, Laghi L. Dominant Components of the Giant Panda Seminal Plasma Metabolome, Characterized by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121536. [PMID: 35739871 PMCID: PMC9219455 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As China’s flagship animal, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) attracts much attention due to its small population and low natural reproductive rate. Therefore, artificial insemination has become the leading practical approach in the captive breeding programs of giant pandas worldwide. Seminal plasma acts as a medium between spermatozoa and the external stimuli, and its characteristics have been directly linked to fertility in both artificial insemination and natural fertilization. The current work, for the first time, attempts to characterize, by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), the metabolome of healthy giant panda seminal plasma. A total of 35 molecules were quantified, with distinct age-related trends highlighted by a multivariate analysis, and the concentrations of 2,3-butanediol were significantly different between individuals younger than 8 years and older than 13 years. In addition, isopropanol’s concentration was significantly linked to estrus stages. Besides, the variations in the metabolome’s profile with storage time were also evaluated. This study may serve as a reference for research wishing to shed light on the biological mechanisms affecting giant panda sperm’s overall quality and may ultimately lead to novel approaches to giant panda artificial insemination. Abstract As an assisted breeding technique, artificial insemination has become the main effective practical approach in the captive breeding programs of giant panda worldwide. The composition of seminal plasma plays an important role in the success of breeding. The present work is the first attempt to characterize, by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), the metabolome of healthy giant panda seminal plasma. A total of 35 molecules were quantified, with the concentration of 2,3-butanediol being significantly different between individuals younger than 8 years and older than 13 years, and other distinct age-related trends were highlighted by a multivariate analysis. Isopropanol’s concentration was significantly linked to estrus stages. Besides, the variations in the metabolome’s profile during storage were also evaluated. This study may serve as a reference for further research wishing to shed light on the biological mechanisms affecting giant panda sperm’s overall quality and may ultimately lead to novel approaches to giant panda artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Lei Jin
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Bo Luo
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611800, China; (B.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611800, China; (B.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Li Dong
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611800, China; (B.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611800, China; (B.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Hemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611800, China; (B.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611800, China; (B.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Caiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611800, China; (B.L.); (Q.Z.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-0835-2318208 (C.L.); +86-028-86290986 (L.Z.)
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-0835-2318208 (C.L.); +86-028-86290986 (L.Z.)
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
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Zhu C, Tang K, Lu X, Tang J, Laghi L. An Untargeted Metabolomics Investigation of Milk from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis by 1H-NMR. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081707. [PMID: 34441485 PMCID: PMC8394248 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the diseases with the highest incidence in dairy cows, causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry all over the world. The aim of the study was to characterize mastitic milk metabolome through untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Taking advantage of the high reproducibility of 1H-NMR, we had the opportunity to provide quantitative information for all the metabolites identified. Fifty-four molecules were characterized, sorted mainly into the chemical groups, namely amino acids, peptides and analogues, carbohydrates and derivates, organic acids and derivates, nucleosides, nucleotides and analogues. Combined with serum metabolomic investigations, several pathways were addressed to explain the mechanisms of milk metabolome variation affected by clinical mastitis, such as tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. These results provide a further understanding of milk metabolome altered by clinical mastitis, which can be used as a reference for the further milk metabolome investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.Z.); (K.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Kaiwei Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.Z.); (K.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuan Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.Z.); (K.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Junni Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.Z.); (K.T.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-8592-8243
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
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Malheiros JM, Correia BSB, Ceribeli C, Cardoso DR, Colnago LA, Junior SB, Reecy JM, Mourão GB, Coutinho LL, Palhares JCP, Berndt A, de Almeida Regitano LC. Comparative untargeted metabolome analysis of ruminal fluid and feces of Nelore steers (Bos indicus). Sci Rep 2021; 11:12752. [PMID: 34140582 PMCID: PMC8211696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a study to identify the fecal metabolite profile and its proximity to the ruminal metabolism of Nelore steers based on an untargeted metabolomic approach. Twenty-six Nelore were feedlot with same diet during 105 d. Feces and rumen fluid were collected before and at slaughter, respectively. The metabolomics analysis indicated 49 common polar metabolites in the rumen and feces. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate were the most abundant polar metabolites in both bio-samples. The rumen presented significantly higher concentrations of the polar compounds when compared to feces (P < 0.05); even though, fecal metabolites presented an accentuated representability of the ruminal fluid metabolites. All fatty acids present in the ruminal fluid were also observed in the feces, except for C20:2n6 and C20:4n6. The identified metabolites offer information on the main metabolic pathways (higher impact factor and P < 0.05), as synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies; the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolisms, the glycine, serine; and threonine metabolism and the pyruvate metabolism. The findings reported herein on the close relationship between the ruminal fluid and feces metabolic profiles may offer new metabolic information, in addition to facilitating the sampling for metabolism investigation in animal production and health routines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Ceribeli
- Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo/USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Stanislau Bogusz Junior
- Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo/USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Mark Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fiore E, Lisuzzo A, Tessari R, Spissu N, Moscati L, Morgante M, Gianesella M, Badon T, Mazzotta E, Berlanda M, Contiero B, Fiore F. Milk Fatty Acids Composition Changes According to β-Hydroxybutyrate Concentrations in Ewes during Early Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051371. [PMID: 34065915 PMCID: PMC8150806 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ketosis can occur during the last six weeks of gestation and continue to the early weeks of lactation due to an increase in energy requirement. This condition can cause substantial economic issues because of the decrease in production, the cost of medical management, the loss of the mothers and the lambs. A better knowledge of this disorder and its early diagnosis could make treatment more effective and optimize productivity. The aims of this study were to understand the metabolic status of the early-lactating ewes and to identify biomarkers for precocious diagnosis of subclinical ketosis using gas chromatographic technique. Different relationships were found between milk fatty acids and metabolic status of the ewes. Furthermore, 8 potential biomarkers were determined. Abstract Ketosis is a metabolic disease of pregnant and lactating ewes linked to a negative energy balance which can cause different economic losses. The aims of this study were to understand the metabolic status of the early-lactating ewes and to identify biomarkers for early diagnosis of subclinical ketosis. Forty-six Sarda ewes were selected in the immediate post-partum for the collection of the biological samples. A blood sample from the jugular vein was used to determine β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations. Animals were divided into two groups: BHB 0 or healthy group (n = 28) with BHB concentration < 0.86 mmol/L; and BHB 1 or subclinical ketosis (n = 18) with a BHB concentration ≥ 0.86 mmol/L. Ten mL of pool milk were collected at the morning milking for the analyses. The concentration of 34 milk fatty acids was evaluated using gas chromatography. Two biochemical parameters and 11 milk fatty acids of the total lipid fraction presented a p-value ≤ 0.05. The study revealed different relationships with tricarboxylic acid cycle, blood flows, immune and nervous systems, cell functions, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress status. Eight parameters were significant for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with an area under the curve greater than 0.70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anastasia Lisuzzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Rossella Tessari
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Nicoletta Spissu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (N.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Livia Moscati
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Massimo Morgante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Matteo Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Tamara Badon
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Elisa Mazzotta
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Michele Berlanda
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Filippo Fiore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (N.S.); (F.F.)
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Kim HS, Kim ET, Eom JS, Choi YY, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Chung CD, Lee SS. Exploration of metabolite profiles in the biofluids of dairy cows by proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246290. [PMID: 33513207 PMCID: PMC7845951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that screen for metabolites produced in ruminants are actively underway. We aimed to evaluate the metabolic profiles of five biofluids (ruminal fluid, serum, milk, urine, and feces) in dairy cow by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and provide a list of metabolites in each biofluid for the benefit of future research. We analyzed the metabolites in five biofluids from lactating cows using proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; 96, 73, 88, 118, and 128 metabolites were identified in the five biofluids, respectively. In addition, 8, 6, 9, and 17 metabolites were unique to ruminal fluid, serum, milk, and urine, respectively. The metabolites present at high concentrations were: acetate, propionate, and butyrate in ruminal fluid; lactate, glucose, and acetate in serum; and lactose, guanidoacetate, and glucitol in milk. In addition, the following metabolites were present at high concentrations: hippurate, urea, and trimethylamine N-oxide in urine and acetate, propionate, and butyrate in feces. The score plots of the principal component analysis did not show clear distinctions among the five biofluid samples. The purpose of this study was to verify the ability of our metabolomics approaches to identify metabolites in the biofluids of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Chang Dae Chung
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Brugaletta G, Luise D, De Cesare A, Zampiga M, Laghi L, Trevisi P, Manfreda G, Sirri F. Insights into the mode of action of tannin-based feed additives in broiler chickens: looking for connections with the plasma metabolome and caecal microbiota. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1842813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Brugaletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Luise
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Cesare
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gerardo Manfreda
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Sirri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Eom JS, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Choi YY, Kim SH, Lee YG, Lee SS. Metabolomics Comparison of Hanwoo ( Bos taurus coreanae) Biofluids Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Metabolites 2020; 10:E333. [PMID: 32824041 PMCID: PMC7465992 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the metabolomic profiles of rumen fluid, serum, and urine from Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae), using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. In all, 189, 110, and 188 metabolites were identified in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, and 107, 49, and 99 were quantified, respectively. Organic acids, carbohydrates, and aliphatic acyclic compound metabolites were present at the highest concentrations in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, respectively. In addition, acetate, glucose, and urea were the most highly concentrated individual metabolites in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, respectively. In all, 77 metabolites were commonly identified, and 19 were quantified across three biofluids. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the common quantified metabolites could provide relevant information about three main metabolic pathways, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; caffeine metabolism; and histidine metabolism. These results can be useful as reference values for future metabolomic research on Hanwoo biofluids in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.)
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea;
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.)
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.)
| | - Sang Ho Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonrabuk-do, Jeonju-si 55365, Korea; (S.H.K.); (Y.G.L.)
| | - Yoo Gyung Lee
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonrabuk-do, Jeonju-si 55365, Korea; (S.H.K.); (Y.G.L.)
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea;
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Eom JS, Kim ET, Kim HS, Choi YY, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Kim SH, Lee SS. Metabolomics comparison of rumen fluid and milk in dairy cattle using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:213-222. [PMID: 32819075 PMCID: PMC7876715 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The metabolites that constitute the rumen fluid and milk in dairy cattle were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and compared with the results obtain for other dairy cattle herds worldwide. The aim was to provide basic dataset for facilitating research on metabolites in rumen fluid and milk. Methods Six dairy cattle were used in this study. Rumen fluid was collected using a stomach tube, and milk was collected using a pipeline milking system. The metabolites were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results The total numbers of metabolites in rumen fluid and milk were measured to be 186 and 184, and quantified as 72 and 109, respectively. Organic acid and carbohydrate metabolites exhibited the highest concentrations in rumen fluid and milk, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with metabolic diseases (acidosis and ketosis) in cows were identified in rumen fluid, and metabolites associated with ketosis, somatic cell production, and coagulation properties were identified in milk. Conclusion The metabolites measured in rumen fluid and milk could potentially be used to detect metabolic diseases and evaluate milk quality. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the biofluids of ruminants in Korea, while facilitating their metabolic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea 4 Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea 4 Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe
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Metabolism of Lactobacillus sakei Chr82 in the Presence of Different Amounts of Fermentable Sugars. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060720. [PMID: 32498333 PMCID: PMC7353496 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus sakei is widely used as a starter culture in fermented sausages since it is well adapted to meat environments and able to maintain high viability thanks to secondary pathways activated when hexoses are depleted (i.e., metabolism of pentoses and amino acids). In this study, a commercial strain of L. sakei was inoculated in a defined medium with ribose or glucose as the carbon source, at optimal or reduced concentrations, to evaluate its different physiological and metabolic responses in relation to different growth conditions. The results obtained with different approaches (HPLC, 1H-NMR, flow cytometry) evidenced different growth performances, amino acid consumptions and physiological states of cells in relation to the carbon source as an active response to harsh conditions. As expected, higher concentrations of sugars induced higher growth performances and the accumulation of organic acids. The low sugars amount induced the presence of dead cells, while injured cells increased with ribose. Arginine was the main amino acid depleted, especially in the presence of higher ribose, and resulted in the production of ornithine. Moreover, the 1H-NMR analysis evidenced a higher consumption of serine at the optimal sugars concentration (pyruvate production). This information can be helpful to optimize the use of these species in the industrial production of fermented sausages.
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First Insights into the Urinary Metabolome of Captive Giraffes by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10040157. [PMID: 32316507 PMCID: PMC7240958 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The urine from 35 giraffes was studied by untargeted 1H-NMR, with the purpose of obtaining, for the first time, a fingerprint of its metabolome. The metabolome, as downstream of the transcriptome and proteome, has been considered as the most representative approach to monitor the relationships between animal physiological features and environment. Thirty-nine molecules were unambiguously quantified, able to give information about diet, proteins digestion, energy generation, and gut-microbial co-metabolism. The samples collected allowed study of the effects of age and sex on the giraffe urinary metabolome. In addition, preliminary information about how sampling procedure and pregnancy could affect a giraffe’s urinary metabolome was obtained. Such work could trigger the setting up of methods to non-invasively study the health status of giraffes, which is utterly needed, considering that anesthetic-related complications make their immobilization a very risky practice.
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Liu Y, Song Z, Chen X, Zhu Z, Zhang L, Hong Z, Chai Y. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based plasma metabolomics revealed the protective effect of tea polyphenols on sulfur mustard-induced injury in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113278. [PMID: 32380352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TP) are the major antioxidant components from tea, which could be beneficial to oxidative stress injury, such as sulfur mustard (SM) exposure. However, the holistic efficacy of TP on SM poisoning remains unexplored and needs further investigation. In this study, Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based metabolomics along with multivariate statistical analysis was used to explore the metabolic alteration after SM injury and the protective mechanism of TP. Thirteen potential plasma biomarkers of SM injury were identified, which primarily related to synthesis of ketone bodies, arginine and proline metabolism, butanoate metabolism and alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism. After TP pre-treatment, the biomarkers were mostly restored to normal levels, which suggested that TP provided effective protection against SM injury and might play its role by rebalancing disordered metabolism pathways. This work enhanced our comprehension of the metabolic profiling of SM injury and revealed the protective mechanism of TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiqiang Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhanying Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yifeng Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Zhu C, Laghi L, Zhang Z, He Y, Wu D, Zhang H, Huang Y, Li C, Zou L. First Steps toward the Giant Panda Metabolome Database: Untargeted Metabolomics of Feces, Urine, Serum, and Saliva by 1H NMR. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1052-1059. [PMID: 31994893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the concentration of metabolites in the biofluids of animals closely reflect their physiological diversities. In order to set the basis for a metabolomic atlas for giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), we characterized the metabolome of healthy giant panda feces (23), urine (16), serum (6), and saliva (4) samples by means of 1H NMR. A total of 107 metabolites and a core metabolome of 12 metabolites was quantified across the four biological matrices. Through univariate analysis followed by robust principal component analysis, we were able to describe how the molecular profile observed in giant panda urine and feces was affected by gender and age. Among the molecules modified by age in feces, fucose plays a peculiar role because it is related to the digestion of bamboo's hemicellulose, which is considered as the main source of energy for giant panda. A metagenomic investigation directed toward this molecule showed that its concentration was indeed positively related to the two-component system pathway and negatively related to the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathway. Such work is meant to provide a robust framework for further -omics research studies on giant panda to accelerate our understanding of the interaction of giant panda with its natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhu
- Centre of Food-omics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Cesena 47521, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Centre of Food-omics, Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Cesena 47521, Italy
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611800, China
| | - Yongguo He
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611800, China
| | - Daifu Wu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611800, China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611800, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611800, China
| | - Caiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, The China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611800, China
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Special Issue on "NMR-Based Metabolomics and Its Applications Volume 2". Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020045. [PMID: 31991891 PMCID: PMC7073525 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the number of scientific publications in the metabolomics area has increased exponentially. The literature includes ~29,000 contributions (articles and reviews) during the period of 2009–2019, revealing metabolomics applications in a wide range of fields, including medical, plant, animal, and food sciences (this bibliographic data were retrieved from the SCOPUS database, searching “metabolomics” in keywords). The high applicability of this approach is due to its ability to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the chemical profile of all the low molecular weight metabolites (metabolome) present in cells, tissues, organs, and biological fluids as end products of the cellular regulatory pathways. Thus, providing a snapshot of the phenotype of a biological system, metabolomics offers useful contributions to a comprehensive insight into the functional status of human, animal, plant, and microbe organisms. The contributions collected in this Special Issue (12 articles, one review and one technical report) report on the recent technical advances and practical applications of NMR spectroscopy to metabolomics analyses.
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