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Hashemiesfahan M, Gelin P, Maisto A, Gardeniers H, De Malsche W. Enhanced Performance of an Acoustofluidic Device by Integrating Temperature Control. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:191. [PMID: 38398921 PMCID: PMC10892017 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Acoustofluidics is an emerging research field wherein either mixing or (bio)-particle separation is conducted. High-power acoustic streaming can produce more intense and rapid flow patterns, leading to faster and more efficient liquid mixing. However, without cooling, the temperature of the piezoelectric element that is used to supply acoustic power to the fluid could rise above 50% of the Curie point of the piezomaterial, thereby accelerating its aging degradation. In addition, the supply of excessive heat to a liquid may lead to irreproducible streaming effects and gas bubble formation. To control these phenomena, in this paper, we present a feedback temperature control system integrated into an acoustofluidic setup using bulk acoustic waves (BAWs) to elevate mass transfer and manipulation of particles. The system performance was tested by measuring mixing efficiency and determining the average velocity magnitude of acoustic streaming. The results show that the integrated temperature control system keeps the temperature at the set point even at high acoustic powers and improves the reproducibility of the acoustofluidic setup performance when the applied voltage is as high as 200 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Hashemiesfahan
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.G.); (A.M.)
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Pierre Gelin
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Maisto
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Han Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Wim De Malsche
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.G.); (A.M.)
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Nai J, Zhang F, Dong P, Bai F, Fu T, Wang J, Ge A. Effect of Multiple Structural Parameters on the Performance of a Micromixer with Baffles, Obstacles, and Gaps. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1750. [PMID: 37763914 PMCID: PMC10534435 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
As an essential component of chip laboratories and microfluidic systems, micromixers are widely used in fields such as chemical and biological analysis. In this work, a square cavity micromixer with multiple structural parameters (baffles, obstacles, and gaps) has been proposed to further improve the mixing performance of micromixers. This study examines the comprehensive effects of various structural parameters on mixing performance. The impact of baffle length, obstacle length-to-width ratio, gap width, and obstacle shape on the mixing index and pressure drop were numerically studied at different Reynolds numbers (Re). The results show that the mixing index increases with baffle length and obstacle length-to-width ratio and decreases with gap width at Re = 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 40, and 60. The mixing index can reach more than 0.98 in the range of Re ≥ 20 when the baffle length is 150 μm, the obstacle length-to-width ratio is 600/100, and the gap width is 200 μm. The pressure drop of the microchannel is proportional to baffle length and obstacle length-to-width ratio. Combining baffles and obstacles can further improve the mixing performance of square cavity micromixers. A longer baffle length, larger obstacle length-to-width ratio, narrower gap width, and a more symmetrical structure are conducive to improving the mixing index. However, the impact of pressure drop must also be considered comprehensively. The research results provide references and new ideas for passive micromixer structural design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Nai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Fan Bai
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Precision Manufacturing Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Jiangbo Wang
- Precision Manufacturing Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Anle Ge
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Guan Y, Wang X, Liu G, Li W, Zhang K, Sun B, Shi F, Hui Y, Yan B, Xu J, Wu Z, Duan Z, Wei R. Microparticle Manipulation Based on the Bulk Acoustic Wave Combined with the Liquid Crystal Backflow Effect Driving in 2D/3D Platforms. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25140-25151. [PMID: 35910182 PMCID: PMC9330138 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microparticle manipulation has been widely used in clinical diagnosis, cell separation, and biochemical analysis via optics, electronics, magnetics, or acoustic wave driving. Among them, the bulk acoustic wave (BAW) driving method has been increasingly adopted because of non-contact, easy control, and precise manipulation. However, its low manipulation efficiency limits the usage of the BAW driving in high viscosity solutions. Therefore, in order to obtain larger driving force and more flexible manipulation of microparticles, both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) platforms based on the BAW and liquid crystal backflow effect (LCBE) driving in liquid crystal (LC) solutions are proposed. The driving forces applied on the microparticles allow for the change of microparticle moving direction, which is also ascertained through theory analysis combined with various driving methods. Specifically, the maximum moving speed (68.78 μm/s) of the polystyrene particles is obtained by the BAW (13 Vpp) combined with LCBE (30 V) at a low frequency of 7.2 kHz in the 2D platform. Precise position manipulation in 3D is also fulfilled through a programmable logic control model using polystyrene particles as a demonstration. In addition, red blood cells mixed with LC solutions are arranged in a line or gathered in the pressure nodes of the BAW forces along with sinusoid signals generated by various transducer combinations. Therefore, it is approved that the LC solution that induces the LCBE force could increase the microparticle manipulation efficiency in both 2D and 3D platforms. The proposed method will open up new avenues in particle manipulation and benefit a variety of applications in cell separation, drug synthesis, analytical chemistry, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Guan
- School
of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan
University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- School
of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan
University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangyu Liu
- School
of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan
University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wujie Li
- School
of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan
University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School
of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan
University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Baoshuo Sun
- School
of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan
University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feifan Shi
- School
of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan
University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanbo Hui
- School
of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan
University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bingsheng Yan
- School
of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan
University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Mechanical
and Industrial Engineering, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Zaihui Wu
- Zhengzhou
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyong Duan
- Nano
Opto-mechatronics & Biomedical Engineering Lab, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ronghan Wei
- Nano
Opto-mechatronics & Biomedical Engineering Lab, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Shang X, Huang X. Investigation of the Dynamics of Cavitation Bubbles in a Microfluidic Channel with Actuations. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020203. [PMID: 35208327 PMCID: PMC8879870 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work presents experimental and numerical studies on the dynamics of cavitation bubbles in a nozzle-shaped microfluidic channel with PZT (lead-zirconate-titanate) actuations. It is found that a cloud of bubbles can be generated near the center of the microfluidic channel when the actuation voltage is larger than a threshold at 1 kHz. After being generated, the bubbles under actuations oscillate radially with violent expansion and compression, and simultaneously translate upstream towards the opening of the nozzle. Along with radial oscillation and translation, the bubbles undergo frequent and drastic coalescence and breakup, leading to vigorous churning of surrounding liquids. The pressure variation and distribution in the microchannel are calculated by numerical simulation in Ansys Fluent, and results show that there is a low-pressure zone inside the microfluidic channel within each cycle of the actuation period, which is responsible for bubble generation observed in the experiments. The method of bubble generation in this study is novel and can be applied for the enhancement of heat and mass transfer in microfluidic operations.
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Ghorbani Kharaji Z, Bayareh M, Kalantar V. A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers is given. This is supplemented by the governing equations, governing non-dimensional parameters, numerical simulation approaches, and fabrication techniques. Acoustically induced vibration is a kind of external energy input employed in active micromixers to improve the mixing performance. An air bubble energized by an acoustic field acts as an external energy source and induces friction forces at the interface between an air bubble and liquid, leading to the formation of circulatory flows. The current review (with 200 references) evaluates different characteristics of microfluidic devices working based on acoustic field shaking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Bayareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Vali Kalantar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Yazd University , Yazd , Iran
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