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Costa CM, Cardoso VF, Martins P, Correia DM, Gonçalves R, Costa P, Correia V, Ribeiro C, Fernandes MM, Martins PM, Lanceros-Méndez S. Smart and Multifunctional Materials Based on Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Recent Advances and Opportunities in Sensors, Actuators, Energy, Environmental, and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11392-11487. [PMID: 37729110 PMCID: PMC10571047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
From scientific and technological points of view, poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, is one of the most exciting polymers due to its overall physicochemical characteristics. This polymer can crystalize into five crystalline phases and can be processed in the form of films, fibers, membranes, and specific microstructures, being the physical properties controllable over a wide range through appropriate chemical modifications. Moreover, PVDF-based materials are characterized by excellent chemical, mechanical, thermal, and radiation resistance, and for their outstanding electroactive properties, including high dielectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric response, being the best among polymer systems and thus noteworthy for an increasing number of technologies. This review summarizes and critically discusses the latest advances in PVDF and its copolymers, composites, and blends, including their main characteristics and processability, together with their tailorability and implementation in areas including sensors, actuators, energy harvesting and storage devices, environmental membranes, microfluidic, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial applications. The main conclusions, challenges and future trends concerning materials and application areas are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vanessa F. Cardoso
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of
Minho, DEI, Campus de
Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate
Laboratory, Campus de
Gualtar, 4800-058 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Martins
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Renato Gonçalves
- Center of
Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
for Polymers and Composites IPC, University
of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vitor Correia
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of
Minho, DEI, Campus de
Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate
Laboratory, Campus de
Gualtar, 4800-058 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida M. Fernandes
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of
Minho, DEI, Campus de
Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate
Laboratory, Campus de
Gualtar, 4800-058 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Martins
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre
of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications
and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU
Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Wang X, Dai X, Chen Y. Sonopiezoelectric Nanomedicine and Materdicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301693. [PMID: 37093550 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous electric field is ubiquitous in a multitude of important living activities such as bone repair, cell signal transduction, and nerve regeneration, signifying that regulating the electric field in organisms is highly beneficial to maintain organism health. As an emerging and promising research direction, piezoelectric nanomedicine and materdicine precisely activated by ultrasound with synergetic advantages of deep tissue penetration, remote spatiotemporal selectivity, and mechanical-electrical energy interconversion, have been progressively utilized for disease treatment and tissue repair by participating in the modulation of endogenous electric field. This specific nanomedicine utilizing piezoelectric effect activated by ultrasound is typically regarded as "sonopiezoelectric nanomedicine". This comprehensive review summarizes and discusses the substantially employed sonopiezoelectric nanomaterials and nanotherapies to provide an insight into the internal mechanism of the corresponding biological behavior/effect of sonopiezoelectric biomaterials in versatile disease treatments. This review primarily focuses on the sonopiezoelectric biomaterials for biosensing, drug delivery, tumor therapy, tissue regeneration, antimicrobia, and further illuminates the underlying sonopiezoelectric mechanism. In addition, the challenges and developments/prospects of sonopiezoelectric nanomedicine are analyzed for promoting the further clinical translation. It is earnestly expected that this kind of nanomedicine/biomaterials-enabled sonopiezoelectric technology will provoke the comprehensive investigation and promote the clinical development of the next-generation multifunctional materdicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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3
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Nivedhitha DM, Jeyanthi S. Polyvinylidene fluoride—An advanced smart polymer for electromagnetic interference shielding applications—A novel review. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Ganbold E, Kim ES, Li Y, Yin F, Sharma PK, Jeon JB, Oh JM, Lee DN, Kim NY. Highly Sensitive Interdigitated Capacitive Humidity Sensors Based on Sponge-Like Nanoporous PVDF/LiCl Composite for Real-Time Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4559-4568. [PMID: 36633438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a sponge-like poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/lithium chloride (LiCl) nanocomposite-entrenched interdigitated capacitive (IDC) sensor was developed for real-time humidity-sensing applications. Here, we demonstrated a sponge-like nanoporous structure ranging from 200 nm to 2 μm size holes, the PVDF/LiCl structure fabricated on an interdigitated capacitor (IDC) electrode functioning as a high-performance sensor because of the presence of ionized LiCl. The nanoporous PVDF/LiCl composite-based humidity sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 12.6 nF/% relative humidity (RH), a linearity of 0.990, and a low hysteresis of 2.6% in the range of 25-95% RH. The composite film exhibited a response time of 17.7 s, a recovery time of 21 s, and an intensified increase of 8.02 nF/s (a decrease of 6.7 nF/s). The sensor designed demonstrates ultra-high sensing characteristics with 10 times higher sensitivity, i.e., 12.678.96 pF/%RH as compared to other polymer-based composite humidity sensors. Owing to the sensing performance and portability, the proposed nanoporous PVDF/LiCl composite-based IDC sensor is expected to be a promising platform for a wide range of humidity-sensing applications, including real-time breath monitoring and non-contact sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhzaya Ganbold
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
| | - Eun Seong Kim
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
| | - Yang Li
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, China
| | - Feifei Yin
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
| | - Parshant Kumar Sharma
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Bin Jeon
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01890, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Oh
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01890, South Korea
| | - Do Nam Lee
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
- NDAC Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
- Ingenium College of Liberal Arts (Chemistry), Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
| | - Nam Young Kim
- RFIC Bio Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
- NDAC Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul01897, South Korea
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Mohammadpourfazeli S, Arash S, Ansari A, Yang S, Mallick K, Bagherzadeh R. Future prospects and recent developments of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric polymer; fabrication methods, structure, and electro-mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2022; 13:370-387. [PMID: 36683768 PMCID: PMC9827592 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a favorite polymer with excellent piezoelectric properties due to its mechanical and thermal stability. This article provides an overview of recent developments in the modification of PVDF fibrous structures and prospects for its application with a major focus on energy harvesting devices, sensors and actuator materials, and other types of biomedical engineering and devices. Many sources of energy harvesting are available in the environment, including waste-heated mechanical, wind, and solar energy. While each of these sources can be impactively used to power remote sensors, the structural and biological communities have emphasized scavenging mechanical energy by functional materials, which exhibit piezoelectricity. Piezoelectric materials have received a lot of attention in past decades. Piezoelectric nanogenerators can effectively convert mechanical energy into electrical energy suitable for low-powered electronic devices. Among piezoelectric materials, PVDF and its copolymers have been extensively studied in a diverse range of applications dealing with recent improvements in flexibility, long-term stability, ease of processing, biocompatibility, and piezoelectric generators based on PVDF polymers. This article reviews recent developments in the field of piezoelectricity in PVDF structure, fabrication, and applications, and presents the current state of power harvesting to create completely self-powered devices. In particular, we focus on original approaches and engineering tools to design construction parameters and fabrication techniques in electro-mechanical applications of PVDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Mohammadpourfazeli
- Advanced Fibrous Materials LAB, Institute for Advanced Textile Materials and Technologies (ATMT), Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)TehranIran
| | - Shabnam Arash
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska OmahaUSA
| | - Afshin Ansari
- Material Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU)Iran
| | - Shengyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620P.R. China
| | - Kaushik Mallick
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of JohannesburgAuckland ParkSouth Africa
| | - Roohollah Bagherzadeh
- Advanced Fibrous Materials LAB, Institute for Advanced Textile Materials and Technologies (ATMT), Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)TehranIran,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620P.R. China
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6
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Nivedhitha DM, Jeyanthi S. Polyvinylidene fluoride, an advanced futuristic smart polymer material: A comprehensive review. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Sui J, Li J, Gu L, Schmidt CA, Zhang Z, Shao Y, Gazit E, Gilbert PUPA, Wang X. Orientation-controlled crystallization of γ-glycine films with enhanced piezoelectricity. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6958-6964. [PMID: 35971914 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00997h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycine, the simplest amino acid, is considered a promising functional biomaterial owing to its excellent biocompatibility and strong out-of-plane piezoelectricity. Practical applications require glycine films to be manufactured with their strong piezoelectric polar 〈001〉 direction aligned with the film thickness. Based on the recently-developed solidification approach of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycine aqueous solution, in this work, we demonstrate that the crystal orientation of the as-synthesized film is determined by the orientation of glycine crystal nuclei. By controlling the local nucleation kinetics via surface curvature tuning, we shifted the nucleation site from the edge to the middle of the liquid film, and thereby aligned the 〈001〉 direction vertically. As a result, the PVA-glycine-PVA sandwich film exhibits the highest aver-age piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 6.13 ± 1.13 pC N-1. This work demonstrates a promising kinetic approach to achieve crystallization and property control in a scalable biocrystal manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Sui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Long Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Connor A Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Pupa U P A Gilbert
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Van Mulders J, Delabie D, Lecluyse C, Buyle C, Callebaut G, Van der Perre L, De Strycker L. Wireless Power Transfer: Systems, Circuits, Standards, and Use Cases. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5573. [PMID: 35898075 PMCID: PMC9371050 DOI: 10.3390/s22155573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wireless power transfer provides a most convenient solution to charge devices remotely and without contacts. R&D has advanced the capabilities, variety, and maturity of solutions greatly in recent years. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art on different technological concepts, including electromagnetic coupled and uncoupled systems and acoustic technologies. Solutions to transfer mW to MW of power, over distances ranging from millimeters to kilometers, and exploiting wave concepts from kHz to THz, are covered. It is an attractive charging option for many existing applications and moreover opens new opportunities. Various technologies are proposed to provide wireless power to these devices. The main challenges reside in the efficiency and range of the transfer. We highlight innovation in beamforming and UV-assisted approaches. Of particular interest for designers is the discussion of implementation and operational aspects, standards, and safety relating to regulations. A high-level catalog of potential applications maps these to adequate technological options for wireless power transfer.
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Comprehensive Characterization of Solution-Cast Pristine and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films for Sensory Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132546. [PMID: 35808590 PMCID: PMC9268764 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pristine and doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are actively investigated for a broad range of applications in pressure sensing, energy harvesting, transducers, porous membranes, etc. There have been numerous reports on the improved piezoelectric and electric performance of PVDF-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) structures. However, the common in situ doping methods have proven to be expensive and less desirable. Furthermore, there is a lack of explicit extraction of the compression mode piezoelectric coefficient (d33) in ex situ rGO doped PVDF composite films prepared using low-cost, solution-cast processes. In this work, we describe an optimal procedure for preparing high-quality pristine and nano-composite PVDF films using solution-casting and thermal poling. We then verify their electromechanical properties by rigorously characterizing β-phase concentration, crystallinity, piezoelectric coefficient, dielectric permittivity, and loss tangent. We also demonstrate a novel stationary atomic force microscope (AFM) technique designed to reduce non-piezoelectric influences on the extraction of d33 in PVDF films. We then discuss the benefits of our d33 measurements technique over commercially sourced piezometers and conventional piezoforce microscopy (PFM). Characterization outcomes from our in-house synthesized films demonstrate that the introduction of 0.3%w.t. rGO nanoparticles in a solution-cast only marginally changes the β-phase concentration from 83.7% to 81.7% and decreases the crystallinity from 42.4% to 37.3%, whereas doping increases the piezoelectric coefficient by 28% from d33 = 45 pm/V to d33 = 58 pm/V, while also improving the dielectric by 28%. The piezoelectric coefficients of our films were generally higher but comparable to other in situ prepared PVDF/rGO composite films, while the dielectric permittivity and β-phase concentrations were found to be lower.
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PVDF/BaTiO3 composite foams with high content of β phase by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Horchidan N, Ciomaga CE, Curecheriu LP, Stoian G, Botea M, Florea M, Maraloiu VA, Pintilie L, Tufescu FM, Tiron V, Rotaru A, Mitoseriu L. Increasing Permittivity and Mechanical Harvesting Response of PVDF-Based Flexible Composites by Using Ag Nanoparticles onto BaTiO3 Nanofillers. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060934. [PMID: 35335747 PMCID: PMC8949362 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of Ag addition on the structural, dielectric, and mechanical harvesting response of 20%(xAg − (1 − x)BaTiO3) − 80%PVDF (x = 0, 2, 5, 7 and 27 vol.%) flexible composites is investigated. The inorganic fillers were realized by precipitating fine (~3 nm) silver nanoparticles onto BaTiO3 nanoparticles (~60 nm average size). The hybrid admixtures with a total filling factor of 20 vol.% were embedded into the PVDF matrix. The presence of filler enhances the amount of β-PVDF polar phase and the BaTiO3 filler induces an increase of the permittivity from 11 to 18 (1 kHz) in the flexible composites. The addition of increasing amounts of Ag is further beneficial for permittivity increase; with the maximum amount (x = 27 vol.%), permittivity is three times larger than in pure PVDF (εr ~ 33 at 1 kHz) with a similar level of tangent losses. This result is due to the local field enhancement in the regions close to the filler-PVDF interfaces which are additionally intensified by the presence of silver nanoparticles. The metallic addition is also beneficial for the mechanical harvesting ability of such composites: the amplitude of the maximum piezoelectric-triboelectric combined output collected in open circuit conditions increases from 0.2 V/cm2 (PVDF) to 30 V/cm2 for x = 27 vol.% Ag in a capacitive configuration. The role of ferroelectric and metallic nanoparticles on the increasing mechanical-electric conversion response is also been explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda Horchidan
- Dielectrics, Ferroelectrics & Multiferroics Group, Faculty of Physics, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Bv. Carol I, no. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (N.H.); (L.P.C.)
| | - Cristina Elena Ciomaga
- Department of Exact & Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Bv. Carol I, no. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Lavinia Petronela Curecheriu
- Dielectrics, Ferroelectrics & Multiferroics Group, Faculty of Physics, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Bv. Carol I, no. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (N.H.); (L.P.C.)
| | - George Stoian
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Botea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.B.); (M.F.); (V.A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Mihaela Florea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.B.); (M.F.); (V.A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Valentin Adrian Maraloiu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.B.); (M.F.); (V.A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Lucian Pintilie
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.B.); (M.F.); (V.A.M.); (L.P.)
| | | | - Vasile Tiron
- Research Center on Advanced Materials and Technologies, Department of Exact & Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Bv. Carol I, no.11, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Aurelian Rotaru
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science & MANSiD Research Center, Stefan Cel Mare University, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Liliana Mitoseriu
- Dielectrics, Ferroelectrics & Multiferroics Group, Faculty of Physics, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Bv. Carol I, no. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (N.H.); (L.P.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (L.M.)
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12
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Single fibre enables acoustic fabrics via nanometre-scale vibrations. Nature 2022; 603:616-623. [PMID: 35296860 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fabrics, by virtue of their composition and structure, have traditionally been used as acoustic absorbers1,2. Here, inspired by the auditory system3, we introduce a fabric that operates as a sensitive audible microphone while retaining the traditional qualities of fabrics, such as machine washability and draping. The fabric medium is composed of high-Young's modulus textile yarns in the weft of a cotton warp, converting tenuous 10-7-atmosphere pressure waves at audible frequencies into lower-order mechanical vibration modes. Woven into the fabric is a thermally drawn composite piezoelectric fibre that conforms to the fabric and converts the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. Key to the fibre sensitivity is an elastomeric cladding that concentrates the mechanical stress in a piezocomposite layer with a high piezoelectric charge coefficient of approximately 46 picocoulombs per newton, a result of the thermal drawing process. Concurrent measurements of electric output and spatial vibration patterns in response to audible acoustic excitation reveal that fabric vibrational modes with nanometre amplitude displacement are the source of the electrical output of the fibre. With the fibre subsuming less than 0.1% of the fabric by volume, a single fibre draw enables tens of square metres of fabric microphone. Three different applications exemplify the usefulness of this study: a woven shirt with dual acoustic fibres measures the precise direction of an acoustic impulse, bidirectional communications are established between two fabrics working as sound emitters and receivers, and a shirt auscultates cardiac sound signals.
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Yen CK, Dutt K, Yao YS, Wu WJ, Shiue YL, Pan CT, Chen CW, Chen WF. Development of Flexible Biceps Tremors Sensing Chip of PVDF Fibers with Nano-Silver Particles by Near-Field Electrospinning. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020331. [PMID: 35054737 PMCID: PMC8780690 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and AgNO3/PVDF composite piezoelectric fibers were prepared using near-field electrospinning technology. The prepared fibers are attached to the electrode sheet and encapsulated with polydimethylsiloxane to create an energy acquisition device and further fabricated into a dynamic sensing element. The addition of AgNO3 significantly increased the conductivity of the solution from 40.33 μS/cm to 883.59 μS/cm, which in turn made the fiber drawing condition smoother with the increase of high voltage electric field and reduced the fiber wire diameter size from 0.37 μm to 0.23 μm. The tapping test shows that the voltage signal can reach ~0.9 V at a frequency of 7 Hz, and the energy conversion efficiency is twice that of the PVDF output voltage. The addition of AgNO3 effectively enhances the molecular bonding ability, which effectively increases the piezoelectric constants of PVDF piezoelectric fibers. When the human body is exercised for a long period of time and the body is overloaded, the biceps muscle is found to produce 8 to 16 tremors/second through five arm flexion movements. The voltage output of the flexible dynamic soft sensor is between 0.7–0.9 V and shows an orderly alternating current waveform of voltage signals. The sensor can be used to detect muscle tremors after high-intensity training and to obtain advance information about changes in the symptoms of fasciculation, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Kun Yen
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (C.-K.Y.); (K.D.); (C.-T.P.)
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Karishma Dutt
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (C.-K.Y.); (K.D.); (C.-T.P.)
| | - Yu-Syuan Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Y.); (Y.-L.S.)
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Y.); (Y.-L.S.)
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tang Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (C.-K.Y.); (K.D.); (C.-T.P.)
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.C.); (W.-F.C.)
| | - Wen-Fan Chen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.C.); (W.-F.C.)
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14
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Kao FC, Ho HH, Chiu PY, Hsieh MK, Liao J, Lai PL, Huang YF, Dong MY, Tsai TT, Lin ZH. Self-assisted wound healing using piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:1-16. [PMID: 35023999 PMCID: PMC8745397 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.2015249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The complex process of wound healing depends on the coordinated interaction between various immunological and biological systems, which can be aided by technology. This present review provides a broad overview of the medical applications of piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators, focusing on their role in the development of wound healing technology. Based on the finding that the damaged epithelial layer of the wound generates an endogenous bioelectric field to regulate the wound healing process, development of technological device for providing an exogenous electric field has therefore been paid attention. Authors of this review focus on the design and application of piezoelectric and triboelectric materials to manufacture self-powered nanogenerators, and conclude with an outlook on the current challenges and future potential in meeting medical needs and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Cheng Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yeh Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kai Hsieh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen‐Chung Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yan Dong
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Tsung-Ting Tsai Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- CONTACT Zong-Hong Lin Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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15
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Versatile Strategy for Electrophoretic Deposition of Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Metal Oxide Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247902. [PMID: 34947495 PMCID: PMC8707764 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is an advanced functional polymer which exhibits excellent chemical and thermal stability, and good mechanical, piezoelectric and ferroelectic properties. This work opens a new strategy for the fabrication of nanocomposites, combining the functional properties of PVDF and advanced inorganic nanomaterials. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been developed for the fabrication of films containing PVDF and nanoparticles of TiO2, MnO2 and NiFe2O4. An important finding was the feasibility of EPD of electrically neutral PVDF and inorganic nanoparticles using caffeic acid (CA) and catechol violet (CV) as co-dispersants. The experiments revealed strong adsorption of CA and CV on PVDF and inorganic nanoparticles, which involved different mechanisms and facilitated particle dispersion, charging and deposition. The analysis of the deposition yield data, chemical structure of the dispersants and the microstructure and composition of the films provided an insight into the adsorption and dispersion mechanisms and the influence of deposition conditions on the deposition rate, film microstructure and composition. PVDF films provided the corrosion protection of stainless steel. Overcoming the limitations of other techniques, this investigation demonstrates a conceptually new approach for the fabrication of PVDF-NiFe2O4 films, which showed superparamagnetic properties. The approach developed in this investigation offers versatile strategies for the EPD of advanced organic-inorganic nanocomposites.
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16
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Barakat MAY, El-Wakil AEAA. Preparation and characterization of EVA/ZnO composites as piezoelectric elements for ultrasonic transducers. MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS 2021; 8:105304. [DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ac29fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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17
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Adamenko N, Ignatieva L, Zverev G, Agafonova G, Mashchenko V. Formation of the structure and properties of polyvinylidene fluoride and composites based on it, prepared by explosive pressing. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Wang TH, Wang WX, Chang HC. Pressure-Dependent Clustering in Ionic-Liquid-Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Mixtures: An Infrared Spectroscopic Study. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082099. [PMID: 34443929 PMCID: PMC8400791 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The nanostructures of ionic liquids (ILs) have been the focus of considerable research attention in recent years. Nevertheless, the nanoscale structures of ILs in the presence of polymers have not been described in detail at present. In this study, nanostructures of ILs disturbed by poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) were investigated via high-pressure infrared spectra. For 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([HEMIm][TFSI])-PVdF mixtures, non-monotonic frequency shifts of the C4,5-H vibrations upon dilution were observed under ambient pressure. The experimental results suggest the presence of microheterogeneity in the [HEMIm][TFSI] systems. Upon compression, PVdF further influenced the local structure of C4,5–H via pressure-enhanced IL–PVdF interactions; however, the local structures of C2–H and hydrogen-bonded O–H were not affected by PVdF under high pressures. For choline [TFSI]–PVdF mixtures, PVdF may disturb the local structures of hydrogen-bonded O–H. In the absence of the C4,5–H⋯anion and C2–H⋯anion in choline [TFSI]–PVdF mixtures, the O–H group becomes a favorable moiety for pressure-enhanced IL–PVdF interactions. Our results indicate the potential of high-pressure application for designing pressure-dependent electronic switches based on the possible changes in the microheterogeneity and electrical conductivity in IL-PVdF systems under various pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hai-Chou Chang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-8903585; Fax: +886-3-8900162
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19
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Carbon Allotropes/Epoxy Nanocomposites as Capacitive Energy Storage/Harvesting Systems. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11157059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims at the development and characterization of carbon/polymer matrix nanocomposites, which will be able to operate as compact materials systems for energy storage and harvesting. Series of polymer nanocomposites employing different types of carbon allotropes (carbon black nanoparticles, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets and nanodiamonds) were developed varying the filler type and content. The energy storage ability of the systems was examined under AC and DC conditions to evaluate the influence of temperature, DC voltage and different types of filler content upon the stored and harvested energy. Experimental data confirmed the ability of the examined systems to store energy and release it on demand via a fast charge/discharge process. The addition of carbon nanoparticles significantly enhances the energy density of the systems. The coefficient of energy efficiency (neff) was determined for all systems, reaching up to 80% for the nanocomposite with 5 phr (parts per hundred resin per mass) carbon black content. In order to examine the optimal operational conditions of the systems, their structural integrity and thermomechanical properties were also investigated by means of static tensile tests, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
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20
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Cafarelli A, Marino A, Vannozzi L, Puigmartí-Luis J, Pané S, Ciofani G, Ricotti L. Piezoelectric Nanomaterials Activated by Ultrasound: The Pathway from Discovery to Future Clinical Adoption. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11066-11086. [PMID: 34251189 PMCID: PMC8397402 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation has shown great promise in biomedical applications, such as regenerative medicine, neuromodulation, and cancer treatment. Yet, the use of electrical end effectors such as electrodes requires connectors and batteries, which dramatically hamper the translation of electrical stimulation technologies in several scenarios. Piezoelectric nanomaterials can overcome the limitations of current electrical stimulation procedures as they can be wirelessly activated by external energy sources such as ultrasound. Wireless electrical stimulation mediated by piezoelectric nanoarchitectures constitutes an innovative paradigm enabling the induction of electrical cues within the body in a localized, wireless, and minimally invasive fashion. In this review, we highlight the fundamental mechanisms of acoustically mediated piezoelectric stimulation and its applications in the biomedical area. Yet, the adoption of this technology in a clinical practice is in its infancy, as several open issues, such as piezoelectric properties measurement, control of the ultrasound dose in vitro, modeling and measurement of the piezo effects, knowledge on the triggered bioeffects, therapy targeting, biocompatibility studies, and control of the ultrasound dose delivered in vivo, must be addressed. This article explores the current open challenges in piezoelectric stimulation and proposes strategies that may guide future research efforts in this field toward the translation of this technology to the clinical scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cafarelli
- The
BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore
Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department
of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola
Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vannozzi
- The
BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore
Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department
of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola
Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Josep Puigmartí-Luis
- Departament
de Ciència dels Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale
Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems
(IRIS), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The
BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore
Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department
of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola
Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Tel: +39 050 883074. Mobile: +39 366 6868242.
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21
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Goswami MR, Singh P, Chamoli P, Bhardwaj S, Raina KK, Shukla RK. Tuning of shear thickening behavior and elastic strength of polyvinylidene fluoride via doping of
ZnO‐graphene. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mit Rita Goswami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering DIT University Dehradun India
| | - Prayas Singh
- Advanced Functional Smart Materials Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Physics DIT University Dehradun India
| | - Pankaj Chamoli
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Department of Physics Shri Guru Ram Rai University Dehradun India
| | - Sumit Bhardwaj
- Department of Physics Chandigarh University Gharuan, Mohali India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Shukla
- Advanced Functional Smart Materials Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Physics DIT University Dehradun India
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22
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Udalov A, Alikin D, Kholkin A. Piezoresponse in Ferroelectric Materials under Uniform Electric Field of Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3707. [PMID: 34073558 PMCID: PMC8198153 DOI: 10.3390/s21113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The analytical solution for the displacements of an anisotropic piezoelectric material in the uniform electric field is presented for practical use in the "global excitation mode" of piezoresponse force microscopy. The solution is given in the Wolfram Mathematica interactive program code, allowing the derivation of the expression of the piezoresponse both in cases of the anisotropic and isotropic elastic properties. The piezoresponse's angular dependencies are analyzed using model lithium niobate and barium titanate single crystals as examples. The validity of the isotropic approximation is verified in comparison to the fully anisotropic solution. The approach developed in the paper is important for the quantitative measurements of the piezoelectric response in nanomaterials as well as for the development of novel piezoelectric materials for the sensors/actuators applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Udalov
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.U.); (A.K.)
| | - Denis Alikin
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.U.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrei Kholkin
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.U.); (A.K.)
- Department of Physics & CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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23
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Ng HY, Lee WC, Kung CT, Li LC, Lee CT, Fu LM. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Devices for Contamination Detection and Quality Inspection of Milk. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:558. [PMID: 34068982 PMCID: PMC8156775 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Milk is a necessity for human life. However, it is susceptible to contamination and adulteration. Microfluidic analysis devices have attracted significant attention for the high-throughput quality inspection and contaminant analysis of milk samples in recent years. This review describes the major proposals presented in the literature for the pretreatment, contaminant detection, and quality inspection of milk samples using microfluidic lab-on-a-chip and lab-on-paper platforms in the past five years. The review focuses on the sample separation, sample extraction, and sample preconcentration/amplification steps of the pretreatment process and the determination of aflatoxins, antibiotics, drugs, melamine, and foodborne pathogens in the detection process. Recent proposals for the general quality inspection of milk samples, including the viscosity and presence of adulteration, are also discussed. The review concludes with a brief perspective on the challenges facing the future development of microfluidic devices for the analysis of milk samples in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee-Yeong Ng
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Lung-Chih Li
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.N.); (W.-C.L.); (L.-C.L.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Lung-Ming Fu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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