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Hu Y, Pan Z, De Bock M, Tan TX, Wang Y, Shi Y, Yan N, Yetisen AK. A wearable microneedle patch incorporating reversible FRET-based hydrogel sensors for continuous glucose monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 262:116542. [PMID: 38991372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitors are crucial for diabetes management, but invasive sampling, signal drift and frequent calibrations restrict their widespread usage. Microneedle sensors are emerging as a minimally-invasive platform for real-time monitoring of clinical parameters in interstitial fluid. Herein, a painless and flexible microneedle sensing patch is constructed by a mechanically-strong microneedle base and a thin layer of fluorescent hydrogel sensor for on-site, accurate, and continuous glucose monitoring. The Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based hydrogel sensors are fabricated by facile photopolymerizations of acryloylated FRET pairs and glucose-specific phenylboronic acid. The optimized hydrogel sensor enables quantification of glucose with reversibility, high selectivity, and signal stability against photobleaching. Poly (ethylene glycol diacrylate)-co-polyacrylamide hydrogel is utilized as the microneedle base, facilitating effective skin piercing and biofluid extraction. The integrated microneedle sensor patch displays a sensitivity of 0.029 mM-1 in the (patho)physiological range, a low detection limit of 0.193 mM, and a response time of 7.7 min in human serum. Hypoglycemia, euglycemia and hyperglycemia are continuously monitored over 6 h simulated meal and rest activities in a porcine skin model. This microneedle sensor with high transdermal analytical performance offers a powerful tool for continuous diabetes monitoring at point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Zhisheng Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke De Bock
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Tai Xuan Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhuai Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuqi Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Neng Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Bakhshandeh F, Zheng H, Barra NG, Sadeghzadeh S, Ausri I, Sen P, Keyvani F, Rahman F, Quadrilatero J, Liu J, Schertzer JD, Soleymani L, Poudineh M. Wearable Aptalyzer Integrates Microneedle and Electrochemical Sensing for In Vivo Monitoring of Glucose and Lactate in Live Animals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313743. [PMID: 38752744 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of clinically relevant biomarkers within the interstitial fluid (ISF) using microneedle (MN)-based assays, has the potential to transform healthcare. This study introduces the Wearable Aptalyzer, an integrated system fabricated by combining biocompatible hydrogel MN arrays for ISF extraction with an electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor for in situ monitoring of blood analytes. The use of aptamers enables continuous monitoring of a wide range of analytes, beyond what is possible with enzymatic monitoring. The Wearable Aptalyzer is used for real-time and multiplexed monitoring of glucose and lactate in ISF. Validation experiments using live mice and rat models of type 1 diabetes demonstrate strong correlation between the measurements collected from the Wearable Aptalyzer in ISF and those obtained from gold-standard techniques for blood glucose and lactate, for each analyte alone and in combination. The Wearable Aptalyzer effectively addresses the limitations inherent in enzymatic detection methods as well as solid MN biosensors and the need for reliable and multiplexed bioanalytical monitoring in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bakhshandeh
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanjia Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sadegh Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Irfani Ausri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Payel Sen
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Keyvani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Fasih Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3W4, ON, Canada
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Sankar K, Kuzmanović U, Schaus SE, Galagan JE, Grinstaff MW. Strategy, Design, and Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensors: A Tutorial. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2254-2274. [PMID: 38636962 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Advanced healthcare requires novel technologies capable of real-time sensing to monitor acute and long-term health. The challenge relies on converting a real-time quantitative biological and chemical signal into a desired measurable output. Given the success in detecting glucose and the commercialization of glucometers, electrochemical biosensors continue to be a mainstay of academic and industrial research activities. Despite the wealth of literature on electrochemical biosensors, reports are often specific to a particular application (e.g., pathogens, cancer markers, glucose, etc.), and most fail to convey the underlying strategy and design, and if it is transferable to detection of a different analyte. Here we present a tutorial review for those entering this research area that summarizes the basic electrochemical techniques utilized as well as discusses the designs and optimization strategies employed to improve sensitivity and maximize signal output.
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Wang Q, Li S, Chen J, Yang L, Qiu Y, Du Q, Wang C, Teng M, Wang T, Dong Y. A novel strategy for therapeutic drug monitoring: application of biosensors to quantify antimicrobials in biological matrices. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2612-2629. [PMID: 37791382 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has gained practical significance in antimicrobial precision therapy. Yet two categories of mainstream TDM techniques (chromatographic analysis and immunoassays) that are widely adopted nowadays retain certain inherent limitations. The use of biosensors, an innovative strategy for rapid evaluation of antimicrobial concentrations in biological samples, enables the implementation of point-of-care testing (POCT) and continuous monitoring, which may circumvent the constraints of conventional TDM and provide strong technological support for individualized antimicrobial treatment. This comprehensive review summarizes the investigations that have harnessed biosensors to detect antimicrobial drugs in biological matrices, provides insights into the performance and characteristics of each sensing form, and explores the feasibility of translating them into clinical practice. Furthermore, the future trends and obstacles to achieving POCT and continuous monitoring are discussed. More efforts are necessary to address the four key 'appropriateness' challenges to deploy biosensors in clinical practice, paving the way for personalized antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sihan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Luting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chuhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mengmeng Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Garg M, Jain N, Kaul S, Rai VK, Nagaich U. Recent advancements in the expedition of microneedles: from lab worktops to diagnostic care centers. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:301. [PMID: 37464230 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) technology plays a significant role in bioengineering as it allows for minimally invasive exposure to the skin via the non-invasive procedure, increased drug permeability, and improved biological molecule detectability in the epidermal layers, all while improving therapeutic safety and effectiveness. However, MNs have several significant drawbacks, including difficulty scaling up, variability in drug delivery pattern regarding the skin's external environment, blockage of dermal tissues, induction of inflammatory response at the administration site, and limitation of dosing based on the molecular weight of drug and size. Despite these drawbacks, MNs have emerged as a special transdermal theranostics instrument in clinical research to assess physiological parameters. Bioimaging technology relies on microneedles that can measure particular analytes in the extracellular fluid effectively by crossing the stratum corneum, making them "a unique tool in diagnostics detection and therapeutic application inside the body." This review article discusses the recent advances in the applications especially related to the diagnostics and toxicity challenges of microneedles. In addition, this review article discusses the clinical state and commercial accessibility of microneedle technology-based devices in order to provide new information to scientists and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | - Shreya Kaul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'o' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Upendra Nagaich
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.
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Zou Y, Chu Z, Guo J, Liu S, Ma X, Guo J. Minimally invasive electrochemical continuous glucose monitoring sensors: Recent progress and perspective. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115103. [PMID: 36724658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are seriously threatening the health and well-being of hundreds of millions of people. Glucose levels are essential indicators of the health conditions of diabetics. Over the past decade, concerted efforts in various fields have led to significant advances in glucose monitoring technology. In particular, the rapid development of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) based on electrochemical sensing principles has great potential to overcome the limitations of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) in continuously tracking glucose trends, evaluating diabetes treatment options, and improving the quality of life of diabetics. However, the applications of minimally invasive electrochemical CGM sensors are still limited owing to the following aspects: i) invasiveness, ii) short lifespan, iii) biocompatibility, and iv) calibration and prediction. In recent years, the performance of minimally invasive electrochemical CGM systems (CGMSs) has been significantly improved owing to breakthrough developments in new materials and key technologies. In this review, we summarize the history of commercial CGMSs, the development of sensing principles, and the research progress of minimally invasive electrochemical CGM sensors in reducing the invasiveness of implanted probes, maintaining enzyme activity, and improving the biocompatibility of the sensor interface. In addition, this review also introduces calibration algorithms and prediction algorithms applied to CGMSs and describes the application of machine learning algorithms for glucose prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zou
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengkang Chu
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China; Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Xing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China; School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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Du Y, Zhang X, Liu P, Yu DG, Ge R. Electrospun nanofiber-based glucose sensors for glucose detection. Front Chem 2022; 10:944428. [PMID: 36034672 PMCID: PMC9403008 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.944428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic, systemic metabolic disease that leads to multiple complications, even death. Meanwhile, the number of people with diabetes worldwide is increasing year by year. Sensors play an important role in the development of biomedical devices. The development of efficient, stable, and inexpensive glucose sensors for the continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels has received widespread attention because they can provide reliable data for diabetes prevention and diagnosis. Electrospun nanofibers are new kinds of functional nanocomposites that show incredible capabilities for high-level biosensing. This article reviews glucose sensors based on electrospun nanofibers. The principles of the glucose sensor, the types of glucose measurement, and the glucose detection methods are briefly discussed. The principle of electrospinning and its applications and advantages in glucose sensors are then introduced. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the applications and advantages of polymers and nanomaterials in electrospun nanofiber-based glucose sensors. The relevant applications and comparisons of enzymatic and non-enzymatic nanofiber-based glucose sensors are discussed in detail. The main advantages and disadvantages of glucose sensors based on electrospun nanofibers are evaluated, and some solutions are proposed. Finally, potential commercial development and improved methods for glucose sensors based on electrospinning nanofibers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Du
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- The Base of Achievement Transformation, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Orthopaedic Basic and Clinical Transformation, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiliang Ge
- Department of Outpatient, the Third Afiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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