1
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Liang YX, Wang YK, Meng WJ, Wang Q, Li JX, Huang WH, Xie M. Microfluidic Electrochemical Integrated Sensor for Efficient and Sensitive Detection of Candida albicans. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10013-10020. [PMID: 38836548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Traditional methods for the detection of pathogenic bacteria are time-consuming, less efficient, and sensitive, which affects infection control and bungles illness. Therefore, developing a method to remedy these problems is very important in the clinic to diagnose the pathogenic diseases and guide the rational use of antibiotics. Here, microfluidic electrochemical integrated sensor (MEIS) has been investigated, functionally for rapid, efficient separation and sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria. Three-dimensional macroporous PDMS and Au nanotube-based electrode are successfully assembled into the modeling microchip, playing the functions of "3D chaotic flow separator" and "electrochemical detector," respectively. The 3D chaotic flow separator enhances the turbulence of the fluid, achieving an excellent bacteria capture efficiency. Meanwhile, the electrochemical detector provides a quantitative signal through enzyme-linked immunoelectrochemistry with improved sensitivity. The microfluidic electrochemical integrated sensor could successfully isolate Candida albicans (C. albicans) in the range of 30-3,000,000 CFU in the saliva matrix with over 95% capture efficiency and sensitively detect C. albicans in 1 h in oral saliva samples. The integrated device demonstrates great potential in the diagnosis of oral candidiasis and is also applicable in the detection of other pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xue Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi-Ke Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Jie Meng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Xie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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2
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Toudeshkchouei MG, Abdoos H. Magnetic nanoparticles fabricated/integrated with microfluidics for biological applications: A review. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:13. [PMID: 38270676 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials have gained significant attention in recent years for their potential in biological applications, such as cell and biomolecular sorting, as well as early detection of metastatic cancer. Among these materials, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) stand out for their easy functionalization, high specific surface area, chemical stability, and superparamagnetic properties. However, conventional fabrication methods can lead to inconsistencies in MNPs' characteristics and performance, highlighting the need for a cost-effective, controllable, and reproducible synthesis approach. In this review, we will discuss the utilization of microfluidic technology as a cutting-edge strategy for the continuous and regulated synthesis of MNPs. This approach has proven effective in producing MNPs with a superior biomedical performance by offering precise control over particle size, shape, and surface properties. We will examine the latest research findings on developing and integrating MNPs synthesized through continuous microfluidic processes for a wide range of biological applications. By providing an overview of the current state of the field, this review aims to showcase the advantages of microfluidics in the fabrication and integration of MNPs, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize diagnostic and therapeutic methods within the realm of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Abdoos
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, P.O. Box 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran.
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3
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Zheng L, Jin W, Xiong K, Zhen H, Li M, Hu Y. Nanomaterial-based biosensors for the detection of foodborne bacteria: a review. Analyst 2023; 148:5790-5804. [PMID: 37855707 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01554h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring food safety is a critical concern for the development and well-being of humanity, as foodborne illnesses caused by foodborne bacteria have increasingly become a major public health concern worldwide. Traditional food safety monitoring systems are expensive and time-consuming, relying heavily on specialized equipment and operations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop low-cost, user-friendly and highly sensitive biosensors for detecting foodborne bacteria. In recent years, the combination of nanomaterials with optical biosensors has provided a prospective future platform for the detection of foodborne bacteria. By harnessing the unique properties of nanomaterials, such as their high surface area-to-volume ratio and exceptional sensitivity, in tandem with the precision of optical biosensing techniques, a new prospect has opened up for the rapid and accurate identification of potential bacterial contaminants in food. This review focuses on recent advances and new trends of nanomaterial-based biosensors for the detection of foodborne pathogens, which mainly include noble metal nanoparticles (NMPs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene nanomaterials, quantum dot (QD) nanomaterials, upconversion fluorescent nanomaterials (UCNPs) and carbon dots (CDs). Additionally, we summarized the research progress of color indicators, nanozymes, natural enzyme vectors and fluorescent dye biosensors, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of nanomaterial-based biosensors and their development prospects. This review provides an outlook on future technological directions and potential applications to help identify the most promising areas of development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zheng
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hongmin Zhen
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yumeng Hu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
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4
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Mostarac D, Novak EV, Kantorovich SS. Relating the length of a magnetic filament with solvophobic, superparamagnetic colloids to its properties in applied magnetic fields. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054601. [PMID: 38115450 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The idea of creating polymer-like structures by crosslinking magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) opened an alternative perspective on controlling the rheological properties of magnetoresponsive systems, because unlike suspensions of self-assembled MNPs, whose cluster sizes are sensitive to temperature, magnetic filaments (MFs) preserve their initial topology. Considering the length scales characteristic of single-domain nanoparticles used to create MFs, the MNPs can be both ferro- and superparamagnetic. Moreover, steric or electrostatic stabilization might not fully screen van der Waals interactions. In this paper, using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the influence of susceptibility of superparamagnetic MNPs-their number and central attraction forces between them-on the polymeric, structural, and magnetic properties of MFs with varied backbone rigidity. We find that, due to the general tendency of MFs with superparamagnetic monomers to bend, reinforced for colloids with a high susceptibility, properties of MFs vary greatly with chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Mostarac
- Computational and Soft Matter Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ekaterina V Novak
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Ural Federal University, 620000, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sofia S Kantorovich
- Computational and Soft Matter Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria and Research Platform Mathematics-Magnetism-Materials, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Cai G, Yang Z, Chen YC, Huang Y, Liang L, Feng S, Zhao J. Magnetic Bead Manipulation in Microfluidic Chips for Biological Application. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2023; 4:0023. [PMID: 37287460 PMCID: PMC10243203 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic beads manipulation in microfluidic chips is a promising research field for biological application, especially in the detection of biological targets. In this review, we intend to present a thorough and in-depth overview of recent magnetic beads manipulation in microfluidic chips and its biological application. First, we introduce the mechanism of magnetic manipulation in microfluidic chip, including force analysis, particle properties, and surface modification. Then, we compare some existing methods of magnetic manipulation in microfluidic chip and list their biological application. Besides, the suggestions and outlook for future developments in the magnetic manipulation system are also discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhe Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zixin Yang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering,
Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yaru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Life Sciences,
Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Lijuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Shilun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314102, China
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6
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Development of an Integrated Biochip System Consisting of a Magnetic Particle Washing Station and a Markerless Volumetric Biochip. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Mostarac D, Kantorovich SS. Rheology of a Nanopolymer Synthesized through Directional Assembly of DNA Nanochambers, for Magnetic Applications. Macromolecules 2022; 55:6462-6473. [PMID: 35966117 PMCID: PMC9367010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We present a numerical study of the effects of monomer
shape and
magnetic nature of colloids on the behavior of a single magnetic filament
subjected to the simultaneous action of shear flow and a stationary
external magnetic field perpendicular to the flow. We find that based
on the magnetic nature of monomers, magnetic filaments exhibit a completely
different phenomenology. Applying an external magnetic field strongly
inhibits tumbling only for filaments with ferromagnetic monomers.
Filament orientation with respect to the flow direction is in this
case independent of monomer shape. In contrast, reorientational dynamics
in filaments with superparamagnetic monomers are not inhibited by
applied magnetic fields, but enhanced. We find that the filaments
with spherical, superparamagnetic monomers, depending on the flow
and external magnetic field strength, assume semipersistent, collapsed,
coiled conformations, and their characteristic time of tumbling is
a function of field strength. However, external magnetic fields do
not affect the characteristic time of tumbling for filaments with
cubic, superparamagnetic monomers, but increase how often tumbling
occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Mostarac
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform MMM Mathematics-Magnetism-Materials, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia S. Kantorovich
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Wang B, Park B. Microfluidic Sampling and Biosensing Systems for Foodborne Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:359-375. [PMID: 35713922 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developments of portable biosensors for field-deployable detections have been increasingly important to control foodborne pathogens in regulatory environment and in early stage of outbreaks. Conventional cultivation and gene amplification methods require sophisticated instruments and highly skilled professionals; while portable biosensing devices provide more freedom for rapid detections not only in research laboratories but also in the field; however, their sensitivity and specificity are limited. Microfluidic methods have the advantage of miniaturizing instrumental size while integrating multiple functions and high-throughput capability into one streamlined system at low cost. Minimal sample consumption is another advantage to detect samples in different sizes and concentrations, which is important for the close monitoring of pathogens at consumer end. They improve measurement or manipulation of bacteria by increasing the ratio of functional interface of the device to the targeted biospecies and in turn reducing background interference. This article introduces the major active and passive microfluidic devices that have been used for bacteria sampling and biosensing. The emphasis is on particle-based sorting/enrichment methods with or without external physical fields applied to the microfluidic devices and on various biosensing applications reported for bacteria sampling. Three major fabrication methods for microfluidics are briefly discussed with their advantages and limitations. The applications of these active and passive microfluidic sampling methods in the past 5 years have been summarized, with the focus on Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The current challenges to microfluidic bacteria sampling are caused by the small size and nonspherical shape of various bacterial cells, which can induce unpredictable deviations in sampling and biosensing processes. Future studies are needed to develop rapid prototyping methods for device manufacturing, which can facilitate rapid response to various foodborne pathogen outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Bosoon Park
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
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9
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Advances in nanomaterial-based microfluidic platforms for on-site detection of foodborne bacteria. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Gunasekaran D, Gerchman Y, Vernick S. Electrochemical Detection of Waterborne Bacteria Using Bi-Functional Magnetic Nanoparticle Conjugates. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12010036. [PMID: 35049664 PMCID: PMC8774000 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Detection of microbial contamination in water is imperative to ensure water quality. We have developed an electrochemical method for the detection of E. coli using bi-functional magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) conjugates. The bi-functional MNP conjugates were prepared by terminal-specific conjugation of anti-E. coli IgG antibody and the electroactive marker ferrocene. The bi-functional MNP conjugate possesses both E. coli-specific binding and electroactive properties, which were studied in detail. The conjugation efficiency of ferrocene and IgG antibodies with amine-functionalized MNPs was investigated. Square-wave voltammetry enabled the detection of E. coli concentrations ranging from 101-107 cells/mL in a dose-dependent manner, as ferrocene-specific current signals were inversely dependent on E. coli concentrations, completely suppressed at concentrations higher than 107 cells/mL. The developed electrochemical method is highly sensitive (10 cells/mL) and, coupled to magnetic separation, provides specific signals within 1h. Overall, the bi-functional conjugates serve as ideal candidates for electrochemical detection of waterborne bacteria. This approach can be applied for the detection of other bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharanivasan Gunasekaran
- Department of Sensing, Information and Mechanization Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Volcani Institute (ARO), Rishon leZion 5025001, Israel;
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- The Faculty of Natural Sciences, Oranim Academic College of Education, The University of Haifa, Tivon 3600600, Israel;
| | - Sefi Vernick
- Department of Sensing, Information and Mechanization Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Volcani Institute (ARO), Rishon leZion 5025001, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-968-3499
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11
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Han H, Sohn B, Choi J, Jeon S. Recent advances in magnetic nanoparticle-based microfluidic devices for the pretreatment of pathogenic bacteria. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 11:297-307. [PMID: 34426777 PMCID: PMC8374882 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria in various samples, including food and drinking water, is important to prevent bacterial diseases. Most bacterial solutions contain only a small number of bacteria in complex matrices with impurities; hence, pretreatment is necessary to separate and concentrate target bacteria before sensing. Among various pretreatment methods, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based pretreatment has drawn attention owing to the unique properties of MNP, such as high magnetic susceptibility, superparamagnetism, and biocompatibility. After target bacteria are captured by recognition molecule-functionalized MNPs, bacteria-MNP complexes can be easily separated and enriched by applying an external magnetic field. Various devices, such as optical, electrochemical, and magnetoresistance sensors, can be used to detect target bacteria, and their detection principles have been discussed in numerous review papers. Herein, we focus on recent research advances and challenges in magnetic pretreatment of pathogenic bacteria using microfluidic devices, which offer the advantages of process automation and miniaturization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyeong Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk Republic of Korea
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12
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Poncelet L, Malic L, Clime L, Geissler M, Morton KJ, Nassif C, Da Fonte D, Veilleux G, Veres T. Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticle cloud assemblies for in situ capture of bacteria and isolation of microbial DNA. Analyst 2021; 146:7491-7502. [PMID: 34643195 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the formation of suspended magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) assemblies (M-clouds) and their use for in situ bacterial capture and DNA extraction. M-clouds are obtained as a result of magnetic field density variations when magnetizing an array of micropillars coated with a soft ferromagnetic NiP layer. Numerical simulations suggest that the gradient in the magnetic field created by the pillars is four orders of magnitude higher than the gradient generated by the external magnets. The pillars therefore serve as the sole magnetic capture sites for MNPs which accumulate on opposite sides of each pillar facing the magnets. Composed of loosely aggregated MNPs, the M-cloud can serve as a porous capture matrix for target analyte flowing through the array. The concept is demonstrated by using a multifunctional M-cloud comprising immunomagnetic NPs (iMNPs) for capture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from river water along with silica-coated NPs for subsequent isolation and purification of microbial DNA released upon bacterial lysis. Confocal microscopy imaging of fluorescently labeled iMNPs and E. coli O157:H7 reveals that bacteria are trapped in the M-cloud region between micropillars. Quantitative assessment of in situ bacterial capture, lysis and DNA isolation using real-time polymerase chain reaction shows linear correlation between DNA output and input bacteria concentration, making it possible to confirm E. coli 0157:H7 at 103 cells per mL. The M-cloud method further provides one order of magnitude higher DNA output concentrations than incubation of the sample with iMNPs in a tube for an equivalent period of time (e.g., 10 min). Results from assays performed in the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (at 106 cells per mL each) suggest that non-target organisms do not affect on-chip E. coli capture, DNA extraction efficiency and quality of the eluted sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Poncelet
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 Boulevard de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Lidija Malic
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 Boulevard de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Liviu Clime
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 Boulevard de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Matthias Geissler
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 Boulevard de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Keith J Morton
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 Boulevard de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Christina Nassif
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 Boulevard de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Dillon Da Fonte
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 Boulevard de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Gaétan Veilleux
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 Boulevard de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Teodor Veres
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 Boulevard de Mortagne, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
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13
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Preparation of CD3 Antibody-Conjugated, Graphene Oxide Coated Iron Nitride Magnetic Beads and Its Preliminary Application in T Cell Separation. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) for cell sorting are universally used in medical and biological fields. At present, the IMBs on the market are ferrite coated with a silicon shell. Based on a new type of magnetic material, the graphene coated iron nitride magnetic particle (G@FeN-MP), which we previously reported, we prepared a novel IMB, a graphene oxide coated iron nitride immune magnetic bead (GO@FeN-IMBs), and explored its feasibility for cell sorting. First, the surface of the G@FeN-MP was oxidized to produce oxygen-containing groups as carboxyl, etc. by the optimized Hummers’ method, followed by a homogenization procedure to make the particles uniform in size and dispersive. The carboxy groups generated were then condensed and coupled with anti-CD3 antibodies by the carbodiimide method to produce an anti-CD3-GO@FeN-IMB after the coupling efficacy was proved by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and labeled antibodies. Finally, the anti-CD3-GO@FeN-IMBs were incubated with a cell mixture containing human T cells. With the aid of a magnetic stand, the T cells were successfully isolated from the cell mixture. The isolated T cells turned out to be intact and could proliferate with the activation of the IMBs. The results show that the G@FeN-MP can be modified for IMB preparation, and the anti-CD3-GO@FeN-IMBs we prepared can potentially separate T cells.
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14
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Petch JE, Gurnani P, Yilmaz G, Mastrotto F, Alexander C, Heeb S, Cámara M, Mantovani G. Combining Inducible Lectin Expression and Magnetic Glyconanoparticles for the Selective Isolation of Bacteria from Mixed Populations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19230-19243. [PMID: 33852268 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The selective isolation of bacteria from mixed populations has been investigated in varied applications ranging from differential pathogen identification in medical diagnostics and food safety to the monitoring of microbial stress dynamics in industrial bioreactors. Selective isolation techniques are generally limited to the confinement of small populations in defined locations, may be unable to target specific bacteria, or rely on immunomagnetic separation, which is not universally applicable. In this proof-of-concept work, we describe a novel strategy combining inducible bacterial lectin expression with magnetic glyconanoparticles (MGNPs) as a platform technology to enable selective bacterial isolation from cocultures. An inducible mutant of the type 1 fimbriae, displaying the mannose-specific lectin FimH, was constructed in Escherichia coli allowing for "on-demand" glycan-binding protein presentation following external chemical stimulation. Binding to glycopolymers was only observed upon fimbrial induction and was specific for mannosylated materials. A library of MGNPs was produced via the grafting of well-defined catechol-terminal glycopolymers prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to magnetic nanoparticles. Thermal analysis revealed high functionalization (≥85% polymer by weight). Delivery of MGNPs to cocultures of fluorescently labeled bacteria followed by magnetic extraction resulted in efficient depletion of type 1 fimbriated target cells from wild-type or afimbriate E. coli. Extraction efficiency was found to be dependent on the molecular weight of the glycopolymers utilized to engineer the nanoparticles, with MGNPs decorated with shorter Dopa-(ManAA)50 mannosylated glycopolymers found to perform better than those assembled from a longer Dopa-(ManAA)200 analogue. The extraction efficiency of fimbriated E. coli was also improved when the counterpart strain did not harbor the genetic apparatus for the expression of the type 1 fimbriae. Overall, this work suggests that the modulation of the genetic apparatus encoding bacterial surface-associated lectins coupled with capture through MGNPs could be a versatile tool for the extraction of bacteria from mixed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Petch
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Stephan Heeb
- Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Miguel Cámara
- Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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15
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Lee H, Han H, Jeon S. Baleen-Mimicking Virtual Filters for Rapid Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria in Water Using Magnetic Nanoparticle Chains and a Halbach Ring. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3432-3437. [PMID: 33104342 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a virtual filter that quickly and efficiently captures and detects pathogenic bacteria in large amounts of water. The virtual filter comprised magnetic nanoparticle chains (MNCs) obtained by cross-linking alginate-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). When the MNC solution in a disposable plastic tube was exposed to an external magnetic field, the MNCs were aligned along the magnetic field lines, forming a filter similar to a whale's baleen filtering system. A Halbach ring that increased the magnetic field inside the ring was used as the source of an external magnetic field. The Halbach ring produced a more uniform and denser alignment of MNCs than any other ring array. To demonstrate the performance of the virtual filter comprising MNCs, Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157-spiked water was injected into the virtual filter comprising polyethyleneimine-coated MNCs, and the concentration of E. coli O157 captured by electrostatic interaction was determined using qPCR analysis. The bacterial capture efficiency using MNCs was 90% at a flow rate of 5 mL/min, and the detection limit after 10 min of preconcentration of bacteria was 10 cfu/mL, which is 100 times lower than that obtained using qPCR alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjeong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wang Z, Cai R, Gao Z, Yuan Y, Yue T. Immunomagnetic separation: An effective pretreatment technology for isolation and enrichment in food microorganisms detection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3802-3824. [PMID: 33337037 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The high efficiency and accurate detection of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in food are a task of great social, economic, and public health importance. However, the contamination levels of target bacteria in food samples are very low. Owing to the background interference of food ingredients and negative impact of nontarget flora, the establishment of efficient pretreatment techniques is very crucial for the detection of food microorganisms. With the significant advantages of high specificity and great separation efficiency, immunomagnetic separation (IMS) assay based on immunomagnetic particles (IMPs) has been considered as a powerful system for the separation and enrichment of target bacteria. This paper mainly focuses on the development of IMS as well as their application in food microorganisms detection. First, the basic principle of IMS in the concentration of food bacteria is presented. Second, the effect of different factors, including the sizes of magnetic particles (MPs), immobilization of antibody and operation parameters (the molar ratio of antibody to MPs, the amount of IMPs, incubation time, and bacteria concentration) on the immunocapture efficiency of IMPs are discussed. The performance of IMPs in different food samples is also evaluated. Finally, the combination of IMS and various kinds of detection methods (immunology-based methods, nucleic acid-based methods, fluorescence methods, and biosensors) to detect pathogenic and spoilage organisms is summarized. The challenges and future trends of IMS are also proposed. As an effective pretreatment technique, IMS can improve the detection sensitivity and shorten their testing time, thus exhibiting broad prospect in the field of food bacteria detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (YangLing), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Bacon K, Lavoie A, Rao BM, Daniele M, Menegatti S. Past, Present, and Future of Affinity-based Cell Separation Technologies. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:29-51. [PMID: 32442784 PMCID: PMC10364325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress in cell purification technology is critical to increase the availability of viable cells for therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications. A variety of techniques are now available for cell separation, ranging from non-affinity methods such as density gradient centrifugation, dielectrophoresis, and filtration, to affinity methods such as chromatography, two-phase partitioning, and magnetic-/fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. For clinical and analytical procedures that require highly purified cells, the choice of cell purification method is crucial, since every method offers a different balance between yield, purity, and bioactivity of the cell product. For most applications, the requisite purity is only achievable through affinity methods, owing to the high target specificity that they grant. In this review, we discuss past and current methods for developing cell-targeting affinity ligands and their application in cell purification, along with the benefits and challenges associated with different purification formats. We further present new technologies, like stimuli-responsive ligands and parallelized microfluidic devices, towards improving the viability and throughput of cell products for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our comparative analysis provides guidance in the multifarious landscape of cell separation techniques and highlights new technologies that are poised to play a key role in the future of cell purification in clinical settings and the biotech industry. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Technologies for cell purification have served science, medicine, and industrial biotechnology and biomanufacturing for decades. This review presents a comprehensive survey of this field by highlighting the scope and relevance of all known methods for cell isolation, old and new alike. The first section covers the main classes of target cells and compares traditional non-affinity and affinity-based purification techniques, focusing on established ligands and chromatographic formats. The second section presents an excursus of affinity-based pseudo-chromatographic and non-chromatographic technologies, especially focusing on magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Finally, the third section presents an overview of new technologies and emerging trends, highlighting how the progress in chemical, material, and microfluidic sciences has opened new exciting avenues towards high-throughput and high-purity cell isolation processes. This review is designed to guide scientists and engineers in their choice of suitable cell purification techniques for research or bioprocessing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Ashton Lavoie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Balaji M Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University - University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
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18
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Abstract
The presented paper is a review article discussing existing synthesis methods and different applications of nanosized magnetic nanoparticles. It was shown that, in addition to the spectrum of properties typical for nanomaterials (primarily a large specific surface area and a high fraction of surface atoms), magnetic nanoparticles also possess superparamagnetic properties that contribute to their formation of an important class of biomedical functional nanomaterials. This primarily concerns iron oxides magnetite and maghemite, for which in vitro and in vivo studies have shown low toxicity and high biocompatibility in comparison with other magnetic nanomaterials. Due to their exceptional chemical, biological, and physical properties, they are widely used in various areas, such as magnetic hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, magnetic separation of biological objects (cells, bacteria, viruses, DNA, and proteins), and magnetic diagnostics (they are used as agents for MRS and immunoassay). In addition to discussing the main problems and prospects of using nanoparticles of magnetic iron oxides for advanced biomedical applications, information is also reflected on their structure, production methods, and properties.
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19
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Mostarac D, Sánchez PA, Kantorovich S. Characterisation of the magnetic response of nanoscale magnetic filaments in applied fields. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13933-13947. [PMID: 32406897 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01646b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) within permanently crosslinked polymer-like structures opens up the possibility for synthesis of complex, highly magneto-responsive systems. Among such structures are chains of prealigned magnetic (ferro- or super-paramagnetic) monomers, permanently crosslinked by means of macromolecules, which we refer to as magnetic filaments (MFs). In this paper, using molecular dynamics simulations, we encompass filament synthesis scenarios, with a compact set of easily tuneable computational models, where we consider two distinct crosslinking approaches, for both ferromagnetic and super-paramagnetic monomers. We characterise the equilibrium structure, correlations and magnetic properties of MFs in static magnetic fields. Calculations show that MFs with ferromagnetic MNPs in crosslinking scenarios where the dipole moment orientations are decoupled from the filament backbone, have similar properties to MFs with super-paramagnetic monomers. At the same time, magnetic properties of MFs with ferromagnetic MNPs are more dependent on the crosslinking approach than they are for ones with super-paramagnetic monomers. Our results show that, in a strong applied field, MFs with super-paramagnetic MNPs have similar magnetic properties to ferromagnetic ones, while exhibiting higher susceptibility in low fields. We find that MFs with super-paramagnetic MNPs have a tendency to bend the backbone locally rather than to fully stretch along the field. We explain this behaviour by supplementing Flory theory with an explicit dipole-dipole interaction potential, with which we can take in to account folded filament configurations. It turns out that the entropy gain obtained through bending compensates an insignificant loss in dipolar energy for the filament lengths considered in the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro A Sánchez
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia and Wolfgang Pauli Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia Kantorovich
- University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. and Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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20
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The impact of magnetic field on the conformations of supracolloidal polymer-like structures with super-paramagnetic monomers. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Guo R, Huang F, Cai G, Zheng L, Xue L, Li Y, Liao M, Wang M, Lin J. A colorimetric immunosensor for determination of foodborne bacteria using rotating immunomagnetic separation, gold nanorod indication, and click chemistry amplification. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:197. [PMID: 32125533 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A colorimetric immunosensor was developed for the determination of Salmonella Typhimurium using rotating magnetic separation, gold nanorod (GNR) indication, and click chemistry amplification. The target bacteria were first separated from large-volume sample using a rotating magnetic field and a small amount (50 μg) of immunomagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), resulting in the forming of magnetic bacteria. Then, the magnetic bacteria were conjugated with catalase (CAT)-labeled antibodies, which were synthesized using trans-cyclooctene/1,2,4,5-tetrazine click chemistry reaction, resulting in the forming of enzymatic bacteria. Then the CATs on the enzymatic bacteria were used to decompose an excessive amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the remaining H2O2 was mixed with horseradish peroxidase to etch the GNRs, resulting in color change and absorbance peak shift of the GNRs. Finally, the peak shift was measured and analyzed for the quantitative determination of target bacteria. This immunosensor was able to detect Salmonella Typhimurium with a linear range of 101-105 CFU mL-1 in 3 h with a low detection limit of 35 CFU mL-1. The mean recovery for Salmonella Typhimurium in spiked chicken samples was 109%. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of a colorimetric immunosensor for the determination of Salmonella Typhimurium as low as 35 CFU mL-1 using rotating magnetic separation of Salmonella from a large-volume sample, click chemistry reaction of catalase with antibodies for signal amplification, and HRP-mediated gold nanorod etching for result indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fengchun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gaozhe Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lingyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Xue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Maohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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22
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Lee H, Kim G, Park E, Jeon S. Lenz's Law-Based Virtual Net for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria from Water. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15585-15590. [PMID: 31714060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a method for rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria from water using a virtual net comprising magnetic nanoparticle clusters (MNC). When an external magnetic field was applied to the antibody-functionalized MNC (Ab-MNC) solution in a glass tube (GT), the Ab-MNCs were aligned along the direction of the applied magnetic field to form a wall of MNCs. The injection of a liquid into the GT pushed the MNCs to flow when the drag force exceeded the magnetic force that held the MNCs. In contrast, injection of a liquid into the GT wrapped with a copper tape (Cu-GT) created a magnetic field in the opposite direction of the liquid flow according to Lenz's law, which retained the MNCs inside Cu-GT even at a flow rate 2.5 times higher than the maximum flow rate at which the MNCs were retained inside the GT. As proof of concept, E. coli O157:H7-spiked aqueous solutions were injected into Cu-GT containing Ab-MNCs. The structural flexibility of the Ab-MNC wall allowed the liquid to pass through but induced binding of the bacteria to the Ab-MNC wall, just as the wall acted like a virtual net. The detection limit was 102 CFU/mL of E. coli as measured by an ATP luminometer, and the total assay time was 15 min including 10 min for the isolation and separation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjeong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 790-784 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanho Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 790-784 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 790-784 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang , Gyeongbuk 790-784 , Republic of Korea
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23
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Lee S, Kim BW, Shin HS, Go A, Lee MH, Lee DK, Kim S, Jeong OC. Aptamer Affinity-Bead Mediated Capture and Displacement of Gram-Negative Bacteria Using Acoustophoresis. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10110770. [PMID: 31718045 PMCID: PMC6915462 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a simple and effective method for capturing and displacement of gram-negative bacteria using aptamer-modified microbeads and acoustophoresis. As acoustophoresis allows for simultaneous washing and size-dependent separation in continuous flow mode, we efficiently obtained gram-negative bacteria that showed high affinity without any additional washing steps. The proposed device has a simple and efficient channel design, utilizing a long, square-shaped microchannel that shows excellent separation performance in terms of the purity, recovery, and concentration factor. Microbeads (10 µm) coated with the GN6 aptamer can specifically bind gram-negative bacteria. After incubation of bacteria culture sample with aptamer affinity bead, gram-negative bacteria-bound microbeads, and other unbound/contaminants can be separated by size with high purity and recovery. The device demonstrated excellent separation performance, with high recovery (up to 98%), high purity (up to 99%), and a high-volume rate (500 µL/min). The acoustophoretic separation performances were conducted using 5 Gram-negative bacteria and 5 Gram-positive bacteria. Thanks to GN6 aptamer’s binding affinity, aptamer affinity bead also showed binding affinity to multiple strains of gram-negative bacteria, but not to gram-positive bacteria. GN6 coated bead can capture Gram-negative bacteria but not Gram-positive bacteria. This study may present a different perspective in the field of early diagnosis in bacterial infectious diseases. In addition to detecting living bacteria or bacteria-derived biomarkers, this protocol can be extended to monitoring the contamination of water resources and may aid quick responses to bioterrorism and pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangWook Lee
- PCL Incorporated, Seoul 08510, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.W.L.); (O.C.J.); Tel.: +82-2-2244-3901 (S.W.L.); +82-55-320-3785 (O.C.J.)
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Health Care, Inje University, Gimhea 50834, Korea;
| | - Hye-Su Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Sungyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (D.-K.L.)
| | - Anna Go
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (A.G.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (A.G.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Dong-Ki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (D.-K.L.)
| | - Soyoun Kim
- PCL Incorporated, Seoul 08510, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - Ok Chan Jeong
- Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Health Care, Inje University, Gimhea 50834, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhea 50834, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.W.L.); (O.C.J.); Tel.: +82-2-2244-3901 (S.W.L.); +82-55-320-3785 (O.C.J.)
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24
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Chang Z, Shen Y, Lang Q, Zheng H, Tokuyasu TA, Huang S, Liu C. Microfluidic Synchronizer Using a Synthetic Nanoparticle-Capped Bacterium. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:962-967. [PMID: 30964646 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conventional techniques to synchronize bacterial cells often require manual manipulations and lengthy incubation lacking precise temporal control. An automated microfluidic device was recently developed to overcome these limitations. However, it exploits the stalk property of Caulobacter crescentus that undergoes asymmetric stalked and swarmer cell cycle stages and is therefore restricted to this species. To address this shortcoming, we have engineered Escherichia coli cells to adhere to microchannel walls via a synthetic and inducible "stalk". The pole of E. coli is capped by magnetic fluorescent nanoparticles via a polar-localized outer membrane protein. A mass of cells is immobilized in a microfluidic chamber by an externally applied magnetic field. Daughter cells are formed without the induced stalk and hence are flushed out, yielding a synchronous population of "baby" cells. The stalks can be tracked by GFP and nanoparticle fluorescence; no fluorescence signal is detected in the eluted cell population, indicating that it consists solely of daughters. The collected daughter cells display superb synchrony. The results demonstrate a new on-chip method to synchronize the model bacterium E. coli and likely other bacterial species, and also foster the application of synthetic biology to the study of the bacterial cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Chang
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Shen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Lang
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Zheng
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Taku A. Tokuyasu
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqiang Huang
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenli Liu
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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