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Ke Z, Hu X, Liu Y, Shen D, Khan MI, Xiao J. Updated review on analysis of long non-coding RNAs as emerging diagnostic and therapeutic targets in prostate cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104275. [PMID: 38302050 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements, prostate cancers (PCa) pose a significant global health challenge due to delayed diagnosis and therapeutic resistance. This review delves into the complex landscape of prostate cancer, with a focus on long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Also explores the influence of aberrant lncRNAs expression in progressive PCa stages, impacting traits like proliferation, invasion, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. The study elucidates how lncRNAs modulate crucial molecular effectors, including transcription factors and microRNAs, affecting signaling pathways such as androgen receptor signaling. Besides, this manuscript sheds light on novel concepts and mechanisms driving PCa progression through lncRNAs, providing a critical analysis of their impact on the disease's diverse characteristics. Besides, it discusses the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostics and therapeutic targets in PCa. Collectively, this work highlights state of art mechanistic comprehension and rigorous scientific approaches to advance our understanding of PCa and depict innovations in this evolving field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongpan Ke
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230001, China; Wannan Medical College, No. 22 Wenchangxi Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xuechun Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yixun Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Deyun Shen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 China.
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei 230001, China.
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Ma J, Hu J, Zhao L, Wu Z, Li R, Deng W. Identification of clinical prognostic factors and analysis of ferroptosis-related gene signatures in the bladder cancer immune microenvironment. BMC Urol 2024; 24:6. [PMID: 38172792 PMCID: PMC10765654 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a prevalent malignancy affecting the urinary system and poses a significant burden in terms of both incidence and mortality rates on a global scale. Among all BLCA cases, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer constitutes approximately 75% of the total. In recent years, the concept of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death marked by the accumulation of lipid peroxides, has captured the attention of researchers worldwide. Nevertheless, the precise involvement of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in the anti-BLCA response remains inadequately elucidated. METHODS The integration of BLCA samples from the TCGA and GEO datasets facilitated the quantitative evaluation of FRGs, offering potential insights into their predictive capabilities. Leveraging the wealth of information encompassing mRNAsi, gene mutations, CNV, TMB, and clinical features within these datasets further enriched the analysis, augmenting its robustness and reliability. Through the utilization of Lasso regression, a prediction model was developed, enabling accurate prognostic assessments within the context of BLCA. Additionally, co-expression analysis shed light on the complex relationship between gene expression patterns and FRGs, unraveling their functional relevance and potential implications in BLCA. RESULTS FRGs exhibited increased expression levels in the high-risk cohort of BLCA patients, even in the absence of other clinical indicators, suggesting their potential as prognostic markers. GSEA revealed enrichment of immunological and tumor-related pathways specifically in the high-risk group. Furthermore, notable differences were observed in immune function and m6a gene expression between the low- and high-risk groups. Several genes, including MYBPH, SOST, SPRR2A, and CRNN, were found to potentially participate in the oncogenic processes underlying BLCA. Additionally, CYP4F8, PDZD3, CRTAC1, and LRTM1 were identified as potential tumor suppressor genes. Significant discrepancies in immunological function and m6a gene expression were observed between the two risk groups, further highlighting the distinct molecular characteristics associated with different prognostic outcomes. Notably, strong correlations were observed among the prognostic model, CNVs, SNPs, and drug sensitivity profiles. CONCLUSIONS FRGs are associated with the onset and progression of BLCA. A FRGs signature offers a viable alternative to predict BLCA, and these FRGs show a prospective research area for BLCA targeted treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Ma
- Emergency Department, People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianting Hu
- Department of Urology, Laiyang People's Hospital, Yantai City, 265202, Shandong Province, China
| | - Leizuo Zhao
- Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, 257091, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rongfen Li
- Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, 257091, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Wentao Deng
- Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, 257091, Shandong Province, China.
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Wu Z, Feng Z, Wei H, Lin C, Chen K. Development and validation of prognostic index based on purine metabolism genes in patients with bladder cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1193133. [PMID: 37780567 PMCID: PMC10536175 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1193133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a prevalent malignancy affecting the urinary system and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dysregulation of tumor metabolic pathways is closely linked to the initiation and proliferation of BLCA. Tumor cells exhibit distinct metabolic activities compared to normal cells, and the purine metabolism pathway, responsible for providing essential components for DNA and RNA synthesis, is believed to play a crucial role. However, the precise involvement of Purine Metabolism Genes (PMGs) in the defense mechanism against BLCA remains elusive. Methods The integration of BLCA samples from the TCGA and GEO datasets facilitated the quantitative evaluation of PMGs, offering potential insights into their predictive capabilities. Leveraging the wealth of information encompassing mRNAsi, gene mutations, CNV, TMB, and clinical features within these datasets further enriched the analysis, augmenting its robustness and reliability. Through the utilization of Lasso regression, a prediction model was developed, enabling accurate prognostic assessments within the context of BLCA. Additionally, co-expression analysis shed light on the complex relationship between gene expression patterns and PMGs, unraveling their functional relevance and potential implications in BLCA. Results PMGs exhibited increased expression levels in the high-risk cohort of BLCA patients, even in the absence of other clinical indicators, suggesting their potential as prognostic markers. GSEA revealed enrichment of immunological and tumor-related pathways specifically in the high-risk group. Furthermore, notable differences were observed in immune function and m6a gene expression between the low- and high-risk groups. Several genes, including CLDN6, CES1, SOST, SPRR2A, MYBPH, CGB5, and KRT1, were found to potentially participate in the oncogenic processes underlying BLCA. Additionally, CRTAC1 was identified as potential tumor suppressor genes. Significant discrepancies in immunological function and m6a gene expression were observed between the two risk groups, further highlighting the distinct molecular characteristics associated with different prognostic outcomes. Notably, strong correlations were observed among the prognostic model, CNVs, SNPs, and drug sensitivity profiles. Conclusion PMGs have been implicated in the etiology and progression of bladder cancer (BLCA). Prognostic models corresponding to this malignancy aid in the accurate prediction of patient outcomes. Notably, exploring the potential therapeutic targets within the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as PMGs and immune cell infiltration holds promise for effective BLCA management, albeit necessitating further research. Moreover, the identification of a gene signature associated with purine Metabolism presents a credible and alternative approach for predicting BLCA, signifying a burgeoning avenue for targeted therapeutic investigations in the field of BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Wei
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuying Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu Z, Li X, Gu Z, Xia X, Yang J. Pyrimidine metabolism regulator-mediated molecular subtypes display tumor microenvironmental hallmarks and assist precision treatment in bladder cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1102518. [PMID: 37664033 PMCID: PMC10470057 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a common urinary system malignancy with a significant morbidity and death rate worldwide. Non-muscle invasive BLCA accounts for over 75% of all BLCA cases. The imbalance of tumor metabolic pathways is associated with tumor formation and proliferation. Pyrimidine metabolism (PyM) is a complex enzyme network that incorporates nucleoside salvage, de novo nucleotide synthesis, and catalytic pyrimidine degradation. Metabolic reprogramming is linked to clinical prognosis in several types of cancer. However, the role of pyrimidine metabolism Genes (PyMGs) in the BLCA-fighting process remains poorly understood. Methods Predictive PyMGs were quantified in BLCA samples from the TCGA and GEO datasets. TCGA and GEO provided information on stemness indices (mRNAsi), gene mutations, CNV, TMB, and corresponding clinical features. The prediction model was built using Lasso regression. Co-expression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between gene expression and PyM. Results PyMGs were overexpressed in the high-risk sample in the absence of other clinical symptoms, demonstrating their predictive potential for BLCA outcome. Immunological and tumor-related pathways were identified in the high-risk group by GSWA. Immune function and m6a gene expression varied significantly between the risk groups. In BLCA patients, DSG1, C6orf15, SOST, SPRR2A, SERPINB7, MYBPH, and KRT1 may participate in the oncology process. Immunological function and m6a gene expression differed significantly between the two groups. The prognostic model, CNVs, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and drug sensitivity all showed significant gene connections. Conclusions BLCA-associated PyMGs are available to provide guidance in the prognostic and immunological setting and give evidence for the formulation of PyM-related molecularly targeted treatments. PyMGs and their interactions with immune cells in BLCA may serve as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenchang Gu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Al-Shehri A, Bakhashab S. Oncogenic Long Noncoding RNAs in Prostate Cancer, Osteosarcoma, and Metastasis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020633. [PMID: 36831169 PMCID: PMC9953056 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a common malignancy and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone cancer, representing 20-40% of all bone malignancy cases. Cancer metastasis is a process by which malignant tumor cells detach from the primary tumor site via a cascade of processes and migrate to secondary sites through the blood circulation or lymphatic system to colonize and form secondary tumors. PC has a specific affinity to the bone based on the "seed and soil" theory; once PC reach the bone, it becomes incurable. Several studies have identified long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential targets for cancer therapy or as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The dysregulation of various lncRNAs has been found in various cancer types, including PC, OS, and metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying lncRNA oncogenic activity in tumor progression and metastasis are extremely complex and remain incompletely understood. Therefore, understanding oncogenic lncRNAs and their role in OS, PC, and metastasis and the underlying mechanism may help better manage and treat this malignancy. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge of oncogenic lncRNAs and their involvement in PC, OS, and bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishah Al-Shehri
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-12-6400000
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Maroni P, Gomarasca M, Lombardi G. Long non-coding RNAs in bone metastasis: progresses and perspectives as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1156494. [PMID: 37143733 PMCID: PMC10153099 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1156494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In a precision medicine perspective, among the biomarkers potentially useful for early diagnosis of cancers, as well as to define their prognosis and eventually to identify novel and more effective therapeutic targets, there are the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The term lncRNA identifies a class of non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression that intervene at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic level. Metastasis is a natural evolution of some malignant tumours, frequently encountered in patients with advanced cancers. Onset and development of metastasis represents a detrimental event that worsen the patient's prognosis by profoundly influencing the quality of life and is responsible for the ominous progression of the disease. Due to the peculiar environment and the biomechanical properties, bone is a preferential site for the secondary growth of breast, prostate and lung cancers. Unfortunately, only palliative and pain therapies are currently available for patients with bone metastases, while no effective and definitive treatments are available. The understanding of pathophysiological basis of bone metastasis formation and progression, as well as the improvement in the clinical management of the patient, are central but challenging topics in basic research and clinical practice. The identification of new molecular species that may have a role as early hallmarks of the metastatic process could open the door to the definition of new, and more effective, therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Non-coding RNAs species and, particularly, lncRNAs are promising compounds in this setting, and their study may bring to the identification of relevant processes. In this review, we highlight the role of lncRNAs as emerging molecules in mediating the formation and development of bone metastases, as possible biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and as therapeutic targets to counteract cancer spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maroni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marta Gomarasca,
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Song S, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Chen S, Liu S. Prognostic values of long noncoding RNA in bone metastasis of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1085464. [PMID: 36890836 PMCID: PMC9986415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1085464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs are closely related to the occurrence and development of prostate cancer bone metastasis, and can be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the relationship between the expression levels of long non-coding RNAs and the prognosis of patients. Methods The studies of lncRNA in prostate cancer bone metastasis from Pubmed, Cochrane library, Embase, Ebsco, Web of science, Scopus, Ovid databases were analyzed, and Stata 15 was used for meta-analysis. Associations between lncRNA expression and patients' overall survival (OS) and bone metastasis-free survival (BMFS) were assessed by correlation analysis with pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Furthermore, the results were validated using GEPIA2 and UALCAN, online database based on TCGA. Subsequently, the molecular mechanisms of the included lncRNAs were predicted based on the LncACTdb 3.0 database and the lnCAR database. Finally, we used clinical samples to validate lncRNAs that were significantly different in both databases. Results A total of 5 published studies involving 474 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that lncRNA overexpression was significantly associated with lower OS (HR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.69 - 3.99, p < 0.05) and lower BMFS (OR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.90 - 5.27, p < 0.05) in patients with prostate cancer bone metastasis. Based on validation from the GEPIA2 and UALCAN online databases, SNHG3 and NEAT1 were significantly up-regulated in prostate cancer. Further functional prediction showed that the lncRNAs included in the study were involved in regulating the occurrence and development of prostate cancer through the ceRNA axis. The result of clinical samples showed that SNHG3 and NEAT1 were expressed in prostate cancer bone metastasis at higher levels than in primary tumors. Conclusions LncRNA can be used as a novel predictive biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer bone metastasis, which is worthy of clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Song
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Department of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Department of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Department of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Department of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, Department of Basic Medical, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
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Lamprou M, Koutsioumpa M, Kaspiris A, Zompra K, Tselios T, Papadimitriou E. Binding of pleiotrophin to cell surface nucleolin mediates prostate cancer cell adhesion to osteoblasts. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101801. [PMID: 35461017 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a growth factor that appears to play an important role in prostate cancer growth and angiogenesis. We have previously shown that decreased PTN expression in human prostate cancer PC3 cells leads to decreased adhesion of prostate cancer cells to osteoblasts, suggesting that PTN mediates this interaction. In the current work, using peptides that correspond to different regions of the PTN protein, we identified that a domain responsible for the adhesion of prostate cancer cells to osteoblasts corresponds to amino acids 16-24 of the mature PTN protein. Given that a synthetic PTN16-24 peptide which disturbs the interaction of PTN with nucleolin (NCL) was found to inhibit prostate cancer cells' adhesion to osteoblasts, it seems that NCL mediates the cellular interactions involved in the adhesion process. Two pseudopeptides that bind to cell surface NCL and an anti-NCL antibody also decrease prostate cancer cell adhesion to osteoblasts to the same degree as PTN16-24, further supporting the involvement of cell surface NCL in this interaction. Collectively, our data suggest that NCL on the cell surface of osteoblasts may mediate adhesion of prostate cancer cells through PTN and identify peptides that could be exploited therapeutically to target this component of prostate cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Lamprou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Koutsioumpa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Angelos Kaspiris
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Katerina Zompra
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece.
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Zhang D, Xue J, Peng F. The regulatory activities of MALAT1 in the development of bone and cartilage diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1054827. [PMID: 36452326 PMCID: PMC9701821 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1054827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been comprehensively implicated in various cellular functions by mediating transcriptional or post-transcriptional activities. MALAT1 is involved in the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of multiple cell lines, including BMSCs, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes. Interestingly, MALAT1 may interact with RNAs or proteins, regulating cellular processes. Recently, MALAT1 has been reported to be associated with the development of bone and cartilage diseases by orchestrating the signaling network. The involvement of MALAT1 in the pathological development of bone and cartilage diseases makes it available to be a potential biomarker for clinical diagnosis or prognosis. Although the potential mechanisms of MALAT1 in mediating the cellular processes of bone and cartilage diseases are still needed for further elucidation, MALAT1 shows great promise for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Xue
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Pathology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Peng,
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Correns A, Zimmermann LMA, Baldock C, Sengle G. BMP antagonists in tissue development and disease. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 11:100071. [PMID: 34435185 PMCID: PMC8377005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are important growth regulators in embryogenesis and postnatal homeostasis. Their tight regulation is crucial for successful embryonic development as well as tissue homeostasis in the adult organism. BMP inhibition by natural extracellular biologic antagonists represents the most intensively studied mechanistic concept of BMP growth factor regulation. It was shown to be critical for numerous developmental programs, including germ layer specification and spatiotemporal gradients required for the establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis and organ formation. The importance of BMP antagonists for extracellular matrix homeostasis is illustrated by the numerous human connective tissue disorders caused by their mutational inactivation. Here, we will focus on the known functional interactions targeting BMP antagonists to the ECM and discuss how these interactions influence BMP antagonist activity. Moreover, we will provide an overview about the current concepts and investigated molecular mechanisms modulating BMP inhibitor function in the context of development and disease.
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Key Words
- ALK3, anaplastic lymphoma kinase 3
- ATF2, activating transcription factor 2
- ActR, activin receptor
- BDB2, brachydactyly type B2
- BISC, BMP-induced signalling complex
- BMP antagonists
- BMPER, BMP binding endothelial regulator
- BMPs, bone morphogenetic proteins
- Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)
- CAN, cerberus and DAN
- CDD, craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
- CHRD domain, chordin specific domain
- CUB domain, for complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 domain
- Connective tissue disorder
- Cv2, crossveinless-2
- DAN, differential screening selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma
- DSD, diaphanospondylodysostosis
- Dpp, decapentaplegic
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- Extracellular matrix (ECM)
- FMF, fibrillin microfibrils
- HS, heparan sulphate
- HSPGs, heparan sulphate proteoglycans
- MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MGC1, megalocornea 1
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PRDC, protein related to DAN and Cerberus
- SOST, sclerostin
- SYNS1, multiple synostoses syndrome 1
- Scw, screw
- Sog, short gastrulation
- TCC, tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor- β
- Tld, tolloid
- Tsg, twisted gastrulation
- VBCH, Van Buchem disease
- Xlr/Tll, xolloid-related metalloprotease
- vWC, von Willebrand factor type C
- vWD, von Willebrand factor type D
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkatrin Correns
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura-Marie A. Zimmermann
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, B.3016 Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Centre for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Bock N, Kryza T, Shokoohmand A, Röhl J, Ravichandran A, Wille ML, Nelson CC, Hutmacher DW, Clements JA. In vitro engineering of a bone metastases model allows for study of the effects of antiandrogen therapies in advanced prostate cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg2564. [PMID: 34193425 PMCID: PMC8245033 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While androgen-targeted therapies are routinely used in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), their effect is poorly understood in treating bone metastatic lesions and ultimately results in the development of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we used an all-human microtissue-engineered model of mineralized metastatic tissue combining human osteoprogenitor cells, 3D printing and prostate cancer cells, to assess the effects of the antiandrogens, bicalutamide, and enzalutamide in this microenvironment. We demonstrate that cancer/bone stroma interactions and antiandrogens drive cancer progression in a mineralized microenvironment. Probing the bone microenvironment with enzalutamide led to stronger cancer cell adaptive responses and osteomimicry than bicalutamide. Enzalutamide presented with better treatment response, in line with enzalutamide delaying time to bone-related events and enzalutamide extending survival in mCRPC. The all-human microtissue-engineered model of mineralized metastatic tissue presented here represents a substantial advance to dissect the role of the bone tumor microenvironment and responses to therapies for mCPRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, IHBI, QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, IHBI, QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
| | - Joan Röhl
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, IHBI, QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
| | - Marie-Luise Wille
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
- Bone and Joint Disorders Program, School of Mechanical Medical, and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), QUT, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, IHBI, QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
- Bone and Joint Disorders Program, School of Mechanical Medical, and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), QUT, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
- ARC Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, QUT, Kelvin Grove, 4059 QLD, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia.
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), QUT, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
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12
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Chaleshi V, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Nourian M, Iravani S, Jalaeikhoo H, Rajaeinejad M, Khoshdel AR, Naghoosi H. Association of MALAT1 expression in gastric carcinoma and the significance of its clinicopathologic features in an Iranian patient. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2021; 14:108-114. [PMID: 33968337 PMCID: PMC8101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of MALAT1 and the relationship between its expression with clinical characteristics in an Iranian gastric cancer patient. BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play critical roles in the initiation and development of gastric cancer. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a highly conserved lncRNA and plays key roles in various types of human cancer. However, our understanding of the role of lncRNAs in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer is not fully clear. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 41 gastric tumor tissue samples with matched normal adjacent tumor tissues. The RNA level of lncRNA MALAT1 gene was assessed using quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction. B2M was used as an internal control. The 2 -ΔΔCq method was adopted to determine expression fold changes. RESULTS A significant association was observed between the levels of MALAT1 in gastric tumor tissues compared with normal adjacent tissues (mean= 1.558, p= 0.014). In addition, clinicopathologic data on MALAT1 RNA expression levels in gastric cancer tissues was evaluated. No significant association was observed between the relative expression of MALAT1 and the stage, grade, H. pylori infection, and tumor size groups among gastric cancer patients (p= 0.82, p= 0.904, p= 0.407, and p= 0.701, respectively). CONCLUSION The current results showed that MALAT1 has a significant association in gastric cancer. The expression of MALAT1 may be used as a diagnostic biomarker for monitoring gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Chaleshi
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Nourian
- Mahak Hematology Oncology Research Center (Mahak-HORC), Mahak Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Iravani
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hasan Jalaeikhoo
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rajaeinejad
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Khoshdel
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Naghoosi
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Uddin MN, Wang X. The landscape of long non-coding RNAs in tumor stroma. Life Sci 2020; 264:118725. [PMID: 33166593 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with cancer development, while their relationship with the cancer-associated stromal components remains poorly understood. In this review, we performed a broad description of the functional landscape of stroma-associated lncRNAs in various cancers and their roles in regulating the tumor-stroma crosstalk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a systematic literature review of PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Bentham, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases by using the keywords "LncRNAs in cancer," "LncRNAs in tumor stroma," "stroma," "cancer-associated stroma," "stroma in the tumor microenvironment," "tumor-stroma crosstalk," "drug resistance of stroma," and "stroma in immunosuppression" till July 2020. We collected the latest articles addressing the biological functions of stroma-associated lncRNAs in cancer. KEY FINDINGS These articles reported that dysregulated stroma-associated lncRNAs play significant roles in modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) by the regulation of tumor-stroma crosstalk, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, and tumor immunity. SIGNIFICANCE The tumor stroma is a substantial portion of the TME, and the dysregulation of tumor stroma-associated lncRNAs significantly contributes to cancer initiation, progression, angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Thus, stroma-associated lncRNAs could be potentially useful targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nazim Uddin
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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14
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Lin SR, Mokgautsi N, Liu YN. Ras and Wnt Interaction Contribute in Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis. Molecules 2020; 25:E2380. [PMID: 32443915 PMCID: PMC7287876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent and malignant cancer types in men, which causes more than three-hundred thousand cancer death each year. At late stage of PCa progression, bone marrow is the most often metastatic site that constitutes almost 70% of metastatic cases of the PCa population. However, the characteristic for the osteo-philic property of PCa is still puzzling. Recent studies reported that the Wnt and Ras signaling pathways are pivotal in bone metastasis and that take parts in different cytological changes, but their crosstalk is not well studied. In this review, we focused on interactions between the Wnt and Ras signaling pathways during each stage of bone metastasis and present the fate of those interactions. This review contributes insights that can guide other researchers by unveiling more details with regard to bone metastasis and might also help in finding potential therapeutic regimens for preventing PCa bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Collage of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11024, Taiwan;
| | - Ntlotlang Mokgautsi
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11024, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Nien Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Collage of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11024, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11024, Taiwan;
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15
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Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators of cellular machinery that are commonly dysregulated in genitourinary malignancies. Accordingly, the investigation of lncRNAs is improving our understanding of genitourinary cancers, from development to progression and dissemination. lncRNAs are involved in major oncogenic events in genitourinary malignancies, including androgen receptor (AR) signalling in prostate cancer, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway activation in renal cell carcinoma and invasiveness in bladder cancer, as well as multiple other proliferation and survival mechanisms. In line with their putative oncogenic roles, new lncRNA-based classifications are emerging as potent predictors of prognosis. In clinical practice, detection of oncogenic lncRNAs in serum or urine might enable early cancer detection, and lncRNAs might also be promising therapeutic targets for patients with genitourinary cancer. Furthermore, as predictors of sensitivity to anticancer treatments, lncRNAs could be integrated into future precision medicine strategies. Overall, lncRNAs are promising new candidates for molecular studies and for discovery of innovative biomarkers and are putative therapeutic targets in genitourinary oncology.
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16
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Li X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Cai J. Silencing of LncRNA Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 Inhibits the Proliferation and Promotes the Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells Through Regulating microRNA-22-3p-Mediated ErbB3. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:559-571. [PMID: 32021298 PMCID: PMC6980870 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects and mechanisms of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) on gastric cancer (GC) cells. Methods The expression of MALAT1 was detected in GC tissues and two GC cell lines (SGC-7901 and BGC-823). MALAT1 was overexpressed and silenced in GC cells by the transfection of pcDNA-MALAT1 and siRNA-MALAT1, respectively. The proliferation and apoptosis of transfected cells, as well as the tumor volume and weight in mice injected with transfected cells were determined. After identifying the interaction between microRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p) and MALAT1/epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (ErbB3), the effects of miR-22-3p/ErbB3 silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells were evaluated. Results MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and cells and negatively associated with the survival of GC patients. Overexpression of MALAT1 significantly promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells, while silencing of MALAT1 exerts contrary effects on BGC-823 cells. Silencing of MALAT1 also significantly inhibited the tumor growth in mice. In addition, MALAT1 negatively regulated its target miR-22-3p. Silencing of miR-22-3p reversed the anti-tumor effects of MALAT1 silencing on GC cells. MiR-22-3p negatively regulated its target ErbB3. Silencing of ErbB3 reversed the tumor-promoting effects of miR-22-3p silencing on GC cells. Conclusion Silencing of MALAT1 inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of GC cells through upregulating miR-22-3p and downregulating ErbB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Li
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, People's Republic of China.,Department of General SurgeryⅡ, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangqiao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- Department of Medical, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Cai
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, People's Republic of China
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17
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Puppo M, Taipaleenmäki H, Hesse E, Clézardin P. Non-coding RNAs in bone remodelling and bone metastasis: Mechanisms of action and translational relevance. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 178:1936-1954. [PMID: 31423566 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are frequent complications in patients with advanced cancer, which can be fatal or may rapidly impede the quality of life of patients. Current treatments for patients with bone metastases are palliative. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that precede the overt development of skeletal lesions could lead to better therapeutic interventions. In this review, we present evidence that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as long ncRNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs are emerging as master regulators of bone metastasis formation. We highlight potential opportunities for the therapeutic targeting of ncRNAs. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility that ncRNAs may be used as biomarkers in the context of bone metastases, which might provide insight for improving the response to current bone-targeting therapies. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Puppo
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric Hesse
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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18
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Liu S, Qiu J, He G, Liang Y, Wang L, Liu C, Pan H. LncRNA MALAT1 acts as a miR-125a-3p sponge to regulate FOXM1 expression and promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. J Cancer 2019; 10:6649-6659. [PMID: 31777593 PMCID: PMC6856878 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prominent cancer type, with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) being known to be relevant to its progression. We therefore investigated how a particular lncRNA known as the metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was associated with HCC. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qPCR) was used to assess expression of MALAT1, Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) and miR-125a-3p in HCC tissue samples. How MALAT1 regulates HCC proliferation and metastasis was assessed through appropriate assays. FOXM1 was identified as a miR-125a-3p target using luciferase assays, and how MALAT1/miR-125a-3p alter FOXM1 expression was explored via qPCR and Western blotting. Results: HCC tissues exhibited MALAT1 upregulation. miR-125a-3p targeted FOXM1 and could be regulated by MALAT1. MALAT1 knockdown disrupted proliferation and invasion, whereas miR-125a-3p knockdown partially reversed this phenotype. Conclusions: These results indicate that MALAT1 modulates FOXM1 expression via being a miR-125a-3p sponge, thus promoting HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Liu
- Medical Animal Lab, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266500, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guifang He
- Medical Animal Lab, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266500, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266500, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266500, China
| | - Changchang Liu
- Medical Animal Lab, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266500, China
| | - Huazheng Pan
- Clinical Lab, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171779, Sweden
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19
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Marino S, Bishop RT, de Ridder D, Delgado-Calle J, Reagan MR. 2D and 3D In Vitro Co-Culture for Cancer and Bone Cell Interaction Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1914:71-98. [PMID: 30729461 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8997-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Co-culture assays are used to study the mutual interaction between cells in vitro. This chapter describes 2D and 3D co-culture systems used to study cell-cell signaling crosstalk between cancer cells and bone marrow adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. The chapter provides a step-by-step guide to the most commonly used cell culture techniques, functional assays, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Division Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Ryan T Bishop
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniëlle de Ridder
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
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20
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Bock N, Shokoohmand A, Kryza T, Röhl J, Meijer J, Tran PA, Nelson CC, Clements JA, Hutmacher DW. Engineering osteoblastic metastases to delineate the adaptive response of androgen-deprived prostate cancer in the bone metastatic microenvironment. Bone Res 2019; 7:13. [PMID: 31044095 PMCID: PMC6486620 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While stromal interactions are essential in cancer adaptation to hormonal therapies, the effects of bone stroma and androgen deprivation on cancer progression in bone are poorly understood. Here, we tissue-engineered and validated an in vitro microtissue model of osteoblastic bone metastases, and used it to study the effects of androgen deprivation in this microenvironment. The model was established by culturing primary human osteoprogenitor cells on melt electrowritten polymer scaffolds, leading to a mineralized osteoblast-derived microtissue containing, in a 3D setting, viable osteoblastic cells, osteocytic cells, and appropriate expression of osteoblast/osteocyte-derived mRNA and proteins, and mineral content. Direct co-culture of androgen receptor-dependent/independent cell lines (LNCaP, C4-2B, and PC3) led cancer cells to display functional and molecular features as observed in vivo. Co-cultured cancer cells showed increased affinity to the microtissues, as a function of their bone metastatic potential. Co-cultures led to alkaline phosphatase and collagen-I upregulation and sclerostin downregulation, consistent with the clinical marker profile of osteoblastic bone metastases. LNCaP showed a significant adaptive response under androgen deprivation in the microtissues, with the notable appearance of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation features and increased expression of related markers (dopa decarboxylase, enolase 2). Androgen deprivation affected the biology of the metastatic microenvironment with stronger upregulation of androgen receptor, alkaline phosphatase, and dopa decarboxylase, as seen in the transition towards resistance. The unique microtissues engineered here represent a substantial asset to determine the involvement of the human bone microenvironment in prostate cancer progression and response to a therapeutic context in this microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Joan Röhl
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Jonelle Meijer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
| | - Phong A. Tran
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
- Bone and Joint Disorders Program, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
- Bone and Joint Disorders Program, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, QUT, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059 Australia
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21
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Li Y, Egranov SD, Yang L, Lin C. Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs-mediated cancer metastasis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:200-207. [PMID: 30350428 PMCID: PMC10642708 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a multistep process that requires cancer cells to leave the primary site, survive in the blood stream, and finally colonize at a distant organ. It is the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. The organ-specific colonization requires close interaction and communication between cancer cells and host organs. Noncoding RNAs represent the majority of the transcriptome, with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) making up a significant proportion. It has been suggested that lncRNAs play a key role in all stages of tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review will provide an overview of how lncRNAs are involved in cancer cell colonization in specific organ sites and the underlying mechanisms as well as therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sergey D. Egranov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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22
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Ye G, Guo L, Xing Y, Sun W, Yuan M. Identification of prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer with long non-coding RNA-mediated competitive endogenous RNA network. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3035-3040. [PMID: 30906477 PMCID: PMC6425256 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed male cancer, and no treatments exist for effective inhibition of metastatic spread of PCa. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays key roles in pathogenesis and development of various cancers through competing with endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), but at present research on lncRNA functions in PCa is still very limited. Hence, this aspect was investigated using bioinformatics methods. Firstly, the functional lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network associated with PCa was constructed by the multi-step computational approach. Then the cytoscape software was used to analyze the node degree and betweenness centrality (BC) value of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the interaction. Finally, the lncRNAs were screened in the central region of the network by the node degree and BC value, and the functional enrichment of mRNAs was evaluated with the Gene Ontology (GO) database. In our results, LINC00476, MALAT1, SNHG11, LINC00649, and ILF3-AS1 are the lncRNAs which have the most nodes and higher BC values and considered as prognostic markers in PCa. GO analysis suggested that the function of screened lncRNAs was obviously focused on intracellular receptor signaling pathway, which indicated these lncRNAs might be potential biomarkers for diagnosis, evaluation and gene-targeted therapy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomei Ye
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Guo
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Xing
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Wendong Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhen Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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23
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D'Angelo E, Agostini M. Long non-coding RNA and extracellular matrix: the hidden players in cancer-stroma cross-talk. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:174-177. [PMID: 30533566 PMCID: PMC6260485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently available high-throughput technologies combined with bioinformatics analyses revealed that nearly 80% of the genome is transcribed, whereas only 2% of the genetic code is translated in proteins. In the landscape of non-coding RNA, the long non-coding RNA (>200 nucleotides) is a newer class of ncRNAs, with a potential pivotal role in homeostatic and pathological mechanisms, confirmed by increasing emerging evidences in different diseases, especially in cancer. In parallel, recent studies have demonstrated that as cancer progresses, extracellular matrix co-evolves into an activated state through continuous biochemical and structural modifications. In this review, we synthesize these themes by exploring the functional cross-talk between lncRNAs and their involvement in ECM regulation and remodeling within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo D'Angelo
- NanoInspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- NanoInspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology - University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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24
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Lim MCJ, Baird AM, Aird J, Greene J, Kapoor D, Gray SG, McDermott R, Finn SP. RNAs as Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Prostate Cancer-From Cell Line Models to Liquid Biopsies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:E60. [PMID: 30200254 PMCID: PMC6163368 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape of prostate cancer has evolved rapidly over the past five years. The explosion in treatment advances has been witnessed in parallel with significant progress in the field of molecular biomarkers. The advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled the molecular profiling of the genomic and transcriptomic architecture of prostate and other cancers. Coupled with this, is a renewed interest in the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in prostate cancer biology. ncRNA consists of several different classes including small non-coding RNA (sncRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). These families are under active investigation, given their essential roles in cancer initiation, development and progression. This review focuses on the evidence for the role of RNAs in prostate cancer, and their use as diagnostic and prognostic markers, and targets for treatment in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin C J Lim
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR0A, Ireland.
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Cancer and Ageing Research Programme, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - John Aird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - John Greene
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - Dhruv Kapoor
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - Steven G Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 08 W9RT, Ireland.
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin D08 NF82, Ireland.
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR0A, Ireland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin D04 YN26, Ireland.
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, P.O. Box 580, James's Street, Dublin D08 X4RX, Ireland.
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25
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Global gene expression analysis identifies Mef2c as a potential player in Wnt16-mediated transcriptional regulation. Gene 2018; 675:312-321. [PMID: 29981832 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Wnt16 is a major Wnt ligand involved in the regulation of postnatal bone homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that Wnt16 promotes bone formation and inhibits bone resorption, suggesting that this molecule could be targeted for therapeutic interventions to treat bone thinning disorders such as osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Wnt16 regulates bone metabolism is not yet fully understood. To better understand the molecular mechanisms by which Wnt16 promotes bone formation and to identify the target genes regulated by Wnt16 in osteoblasts, we treated calvarial osteoblasts purified from C57Bl/6 mice with recombinant Wnt16 and profiled the gene expression changes by RNA-seq at 24 h post-treatment. We also compared gene expression profiles of Wnt16-treated osteoblasts to canonical Wnt3a- and non-canonical Wnt5a-treated osteoblasts. This study identified 576 genes differentially expressed in Wnt16-treated osteoblasts compared to sham-treated controls; these included several members of Wnt pathway (Wnt2b, Wnt7b, Wnt11, Axin2, Sfrp2, Sfrp4, Fzd5 etc.) and TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway (Bmp7, Inhba, Inhbb, Tgfb2 etc.). Wnt16 also regulated a large number of genes with known bone phenotypes. We also found that about 37% (215/576) of the Wnt16 targets overlapped with Wnt3a targets and ~15% (86/576) overlapped with Wnt5a targets, suggesting that Wnt16 activates both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling targets in osteoblasts. Transcription factor binding motif enrichment analysis in the promoter regions of Wnt16 targets identified noncanonical Wnt/JNK pathway activated transcription factors Fosl2 and Fosl1 as two of the most significantly enriched transcription factors associated with genes activated by Wnt16 while Mef2c was the most significantly enriched transcription factor associated with genes repressed by Wnt16. We also found that a large number of Mef2c targets overlapped with genes down-regulated by Wnt16 and Mef2c itself was transcriptionally repressed by Wnt16 suggesting that Mef2c plays a role in Wnt16-mediated transcriptional regulation.
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26
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Li X, Yang J, Bao M, Zeng K, Fu S, Wang C, Ye L. Wnt signaling in bone metastasis: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Life Sci 2018; 208:33-45. [PMID: 29969609 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis frequently occurs in advanced cancer patients, who will develop osteogenic/osteolytic bone lesions in the late stage of the disease. Wnt signaling pathway, which is mainly grouped into the β-catenin dependent pathway and β-catenin independent pathway, is a well-organized cascade that has been reported to play important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, including bone metastasis. Regulation of Wnt signaling in bone metastasis involves multiple stages, including dissemination of primary tumor cells to bone, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells, and tumor-induced osteogenic and osteolytic bone destruction, suggesting the importance of Wnt signaling in bone metastasis pathology. In this review, we will introduce the involvement of Wnt signaling components in specific bone metastasis stages and summarize the promising Wnt modulators that have shown potential as bone metastasis therapeutics, in the hope to maximize the therapeutic opportunities of Wnt signaling for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minyue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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27
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Del Vecchio F, Lee GH, Hawezi J, Bhome R, Pugh S, Sayan E, Thomas G, Packham G, Primrose J, Pichler M, Mirnezami A, Calin G, Bullock M. Long non-coding RNAs within the tumour microenvironment and their role in tumour-stroma cross-talk. Cancer Lett 2018; 421:94-102. [PMID: 29458141 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of RNA transcripts which have limited protein coding potential. They perform a variety of cellular functions in health, but have also been implicated during malignant transformation. A further theme in recent years is the critical role of the tumour microenvironment and the dynamic interactions between cancer and stromal cells in promoting invasion and disease progression. Whereas the contribution of deregulated lncRNAs within cancer cells has received considerable attention, their significance within the tumour microenvironment is less well understood. The tumour microenvironment consists of cancer-associated stromal cells and structural extracellular components which interact with one another and with the transformed epithelium via complex extracellular signalling pathways. LncRNAs are directly and indirectly involved in tumour/stroma cross-talk and help stimulate a permissive tumour microenvironment which is more conducive for invasive tumour growth. Furthermore, lncRNAs play key roles in determining the phenotype of cancer associated stromal cells and contribute to angiogenesis and immune evasion pathways, extracellular-matrix (ECM) turnover and the response to hypoxic stress. Here we explore the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs within the tumour microenvironment and their putative pathophysiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Del Vecchio
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Somers Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Gui Han Lee
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Somers Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK; Academic Surgery, South Academic Block, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Joamir Hawezi
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Somers Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Rahul Bhome
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Somers Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK; Academic Surgery, South Academic Block, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Sian Pugh
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Somers Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Somers Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Somers Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Somers Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - John Primrose
- Academic Surgery, South Academic Block, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Mirnezami
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Somers Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK; Academic Surgery, South Academic Block, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - George Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Marc Bullock
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Somers Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK; Academic Surgery, South Academic Block, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK.
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28
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Aird J, Baird AM, Lim MC, McDermott R, Finn SP, Gray SG. Carcinogenesis in prostate cancer: The role of long non-coding RNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:29-38. [PMID: 30159437 PMCID: PMC6084828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs appear to play a considerable role in tumourigenesis through regulating key processes in cancer cells such as proliferative signalling, replicative immortality, invasion and metastasis, evasion of growth suppressors, induction of angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis. LncRNAs have been reported to play a role in prostate cancer, particularly in regulating the androgen receptor signalling pathway. In this review article, we summarise the role of 34 lncRNAs in prostate cancer with a particular focus on their role in the androgen receptor signalling pathway and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Aird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marvin C.J. Lim
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G. Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides a summary of the current knowledge on Sost/sclerostin in cancers targeting the bone, discusses novel observations regarding its potential as a therapeutic approach to treat cancer-induced bone loss, and proposes future research needed to fully understand the potential of therapeutic approaches that modulate sclerostin function. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence shows that sclerostin expression is dysregulated in a number of cancers that target the bone. Further, new findings demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin in preclinical models of multiple myeloma results in a robust prevention of bone loss and preservation of bone strength, without apparent effects on tumor growth. These data raise the possibility of targeting sclerostin for the treatment of cancer patients with bone metastasis. Sclerostin is emerging as a valuable target to prevent the bone destruction that accompanies the growth of cancer cells in the bone. Further studies will focus on combining anti-sclerostin therapy with tumor-targeted agents to achieve both beneficial skeletal outcomes and inhibition of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M McDonald
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St. Vincent's School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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30
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Lo UG, Lee CF, Lee MS, Hsieh JT. The Role and Mechanism of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102079. [PMID: 28973968 PMCID: PMC5666761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer (PCa), similar to many other cancers, distant organ metastasis symbolizes the beginning of the end disease, which eventually leads to cancer death. Many mechanisms have been identified in this process that can be rationalized into targeted therapy. Among them, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is originally characterized as a critical step for cell trans-differentiation during embryo development and now recognized in promoting cancer cells invasiveness because of high mobility and migratory abilities of mesenchymal cells once converted from carcinoma cells. Nevertheless, the underlying pathways leading to EMT appear to be very diverse in different cancer types, which certainly represent a challenge for developing effective intervention. In this article, we have carefully reviewed the key factors involved in EMT of PCa with clinical correlation in hope to facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategy that is expected to reduce the disease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Cheng-Fan Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Shyue Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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31
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang T, Zhao W, Wang N, Li P, Zeng X, Zhang W. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 for promoting metastasis and proliferation by acting as a ceRNA of miR-144-3p in osteosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59417-59434. [PMID: 28938647 PMCID: PMC5601743 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various biological processes and diseases including osteosarcoma. Long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is overly expressed in osteosarcoma. But the function and mechanism it works on in osteosarcoma proliferation and metastasis mediated by Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) remain unclear. In the present study, an elevated MALAT1 was found in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, and the elevated MALAT1 was correlated with a poor prognosis in osteosarcoma patients. The functional experiments show that a decreased MALAT1 could remarkably inhibit osteosarcoma cell metastasis and proliferation but induce cell cycle arrest, indicating that MALAT1 functioned as an oncogene in osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we confirmed that MALAT1 and ROCK1/ROCK2 which were targeted by microRNA-144-3p (miR-144-3p) shared the same miR-144-3p combining site. Furthermore, the constructed luciferase assay verified that MALAT1 was a target of miR-144-3p. Additionally, the results of a qRT-PCR demonstrated that MALAT1 and miR-144-3p repressed each other's expression in a reciprocal manner. Finally, we affirmed that an overexpression of MALAT1 inhibited ROCK1/ROCK2 expression and its mediated metastasis and proliferation by working as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) via miR-144-3p. In summary, the findings of this study based on the ceRNA theory, combining the research foundation of miR-144-3p, ROCK1 and ROCK2, taking MALAT1 as a new point of study, provided new insights into molecular level proliferation reversal and metastasis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- The 4th Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yueyang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- The 4th Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Wang
- The 2nd Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- The 4th Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiandong Zeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P. R. China
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