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Wang H, Zhan J, Jia H, Jiang H, Pan Y, Zhong X, Zhao S, Huo J. Relationship between Rumen Microbial Differences and Phenotype Traits among Hu Sheep and Crossbred Offspring Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1509. [PMID: 38791726 PMCID: PMC11117386 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three-way hybrid sheep and Hu sheep on serum indicators, rumen fermentation, rumen enzyme activity, and microorganisms in sheep. Healthy and similar birth weights from three groups (Hu, n = 11; Charolais × Australian White × Hu, CAH, n = 11; Charolais × Dorper × Hu, CDH, n = 11) were selected to be fed by the ewes until 45 days of age. Subsequently, they were weaned intensively and underwent short-term fattening for 3 months along with selected male lambs fed intensively. During this period, they were fed and watered ad libitum. Blood and rumen fluid were collected and analyzed for serum indicators and rumen fluid microorganisms, enzyme activity, and VFA, respectively, at the end of the fattening period. Compared with Hu lamb, the offspring of the three-way hybrid lamb showed significant improvements in body weight, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine content. However, there was no significant effect on serum immunity and antioxidant indices. In addition, the rumen fluid volatile fatty acid (VFA) molar concentration and microcrystalline cellulose and lipase content were significantly lower in the three-way hybrid lamb compared to Hu lamb, but β-glucosidase, amylase, pepsin, and VFA molar ratio were not significantly affected. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequencing diversity analysis revealed that three-way hybrid lamb significantly increased rumen microbial ACE and Chao1 indices compared to Hu lamb. Meanwhile, the abundance of Verrucomicrobiota and Synergistota significantly increased at the phylum level. Correlation analysis showed that Prevotella had the highest proportion, while Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group correlated most closely with others genus. The microbial communities isovaleric acid molar concentration and proportion were strongly correlated. In addition, there were significant differences in correlations between microbial communities and isobutyric acid, butyric acid and valeric acid content, and their molar proportion, but they were not significantly correlated with digestive enzymes. From the functional enrichment analysis, it was found that hybrid progeny were mainly enriched in the pyruvate metabolism, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, carbon metabolism, and quorum sensing pathways. In contrast, the Hu sheep were primarily enriched in the cysteine and methionine, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolite pathways. These results suggest that hybridization can play a role in regulating organismal metabolism and improve animal production performance by influencing the structure and characteristics of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jinshun Zhan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Haobin Jia
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Haoyun Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Junhong Huo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China; (J.Z.); (H.J.); (H.J.); (Y.P.); (X.Z.)
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Tilahun M, Ma L, Callaway TR, Xu J, Bu D. The effect of Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) fruit supplementation on the rumen microbiota and its correlation with rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1365681. [PMID: 38803380 PMCID: PMC11128671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1365681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medicinal plants, rich in phytochemicals like phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, offer potential benefits in enhancing productivity, quality, and animal health. Amla fruit (Phyllanthus emblica) is one such plant with promising attributes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fresh Amla fruit (FAF) supplementation on ruminal microbial composition and its correlation with rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows. Methods The study employed a repeated crossover design involving eight ruminally cannulated mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows. Animals received varying levels of fresh Amla fruit supplementation (0, 200, 400, and 600 g/d). Results When 400 g/d of FAF was added to the diet, there was a significant increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.02). However, at 200 g/d, the relative abundance of ruminal Bacteroidota was higher than the 0 and 400 g/d FAF supplementation (p < 0.01). LEfSe analysis identified distinct taxa, such as Clostridia vadinBB60 in the 200 g/d group, Oscillospiraceae in the 400 g/d group, and Elusimicrobium in the 600 g/d group. Notably, the random forest species abundance statistics identified Oscillospiraceae V9D2013 as a biomarker related to milk yield. Oscillospiraceae, Bacilli RF39, norank_f Prevotellaceae, and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with ruminal total VFA and molar proportion of propionate, while Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Clostridia vadinBB60 were negatively correlated. Discussion FAF supplementation affects the abundance of beneficial microbes in a dose-dependent manner, which can improve milk yield, efficiency, rumen health, desirable fatty acids, and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekonnen Tilahun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jianchu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
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Wei L, Zeng B, Li B, Guo W, Mu Z, Gan Y, Li Y. Hybridization alters red deer gut microbiome and metabolites. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1387957. [PMID: 38784815 PMCID: PMC11112572 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The host genes play a crucial role in shaping the composition and structure of the gut microbiome. Red deer is listed as an endangered species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, and its pilose antlers have good medicinal value. Hybridization can lead to heterosis, resulting in increased pilose antler production and growth performance in hybrid deer. However, the role of the gut microbiome in hybrid deer remains largely unknown. In this study, alpha and beta diversity analysis showed that hybridization altered the composition and structure of the gut microbiome of the offspring, with the composition and structure of the hybrid offspring being more similar to those of the paternal parents. Interestingly, the LefSe differential analysis showed that there were some significantly enriched gut microbiome in the paternal parents (such as g_Prevotellaceae UCG-003, f_Bacteroidales RF16 group; Ambiguous_taxa, etc.) and the maternal parents (including g_Alistipes, g_Anaerosporobacter, etc.), which remained significantly enriched in the hybrid offspring. Additionally, the hybrid offspring exhibited a significant advantage over the parental strains, particularly in taxa that can produce short-chain fatty acids, such as g_Prevotellaceae UCG-003, g_Roseburia, g_Succinivibrio, and g_Lachnospiraceae UCG-006. Similar to bacterial transmission, metagenomic analysis showed that some signaling pathways related to pilose antler growth ("Wnt signaling pathway," "PI3K Akt signaling pathway," "MAPK signaling pathway") were also enriched in hybrid red deer after hybridization. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis revealed that compared with the paternal and maternal parents, the hybrid offspring exhibited significant enrichment in metabolites related to "Steroid hormone biosynthesis," "Tryptophan metabolism," "Valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism," and "Vitamin B metabolism." Notably, the metagenomic analysis also showed that these metabolic pathways were significantly enriched in hybrid deer. Finally, a correlation analysis between the gut microbiome and metabolites revealed a significant positive correlation between the enriched taxa in hybrid deer, including the Bacteroidales RF16 group, Prevotellaceae, and Succinivibrio, and metabolites, such as 7α-hydroxytestosterone, L-kynurenine, indole, L-isoleucine, and riboflavin. The study contributes valuable data toward understanding the role of the gut microbiome from red deer in hybridization and provides reference data for further screening potential probiotics and performing microbial-assisted breeding that promotes the growth of red deer pilose antlers and bodies, development, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Aba Teachers University, Aba, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenqiang Mu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunong Gan
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, & Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Shao Y, Xu J, Wang M, Ren Y, Wei M, Tian B, Luo J, Loor JJ, Shi H. Preliminary Results on the Effects of Soybean Isoflavones on Growth Performance and Ruminal Microbiota in Fattening Goats. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1188. [PMID: 38672337 PMCID: PMC11047704 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybean isoflavones (SIFs), a group of secondary metabolites, have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hormone-like activities. Supplementation with SIFs in the diet was reported to promote lactation performance in ruminants. The present study was performed to further decipher the effect of various concentrations of SIFs on growth and slaughter performance, serum parameters, meat quality, and ruminal microbiota in fattening goats. After a two-week acclimation, a total of 27 5-month-old Guanzhong male goats (18.29 ± 0.44 kg) were randomly assigned to control (NC), 100 mg/d SIF (SIF1), or 200 mg/d SIF (SIF2) groups. The experimental period lasted 56 days. The weight of the large intestine was greater (p < 0.05) in the SIF1 and SIF2 groups compared with the NC group. Meat quality parameters indicated that SIF1 supplementation led to lower (p < 0.05) cooking loss and shear force (0.05 < p < 0.10). The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that SIF1 supplementation led to lower (p < 0.05) proportions of Papillibacter and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 but greater (p < 0.05) CAG-352 abundance in the rumen; these responses might have contributed to the improvement in production performance. In conclusion, meat quality and ruminal microbiome could be manipulated in a positive way by oral supplementation with 100 mg/d of SIFs in fattening goats. Thus, this study provides new insights and practical evidence for the introduction of SIFs as a novel additive in goat husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (Y.R.); (B.T.)
| | - Junhong Xu
- Weinan Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Weinan 714000, China;
| | - Mengyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (Y.R.); (B.T.)
| | - Yalun Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (Y.R.); (B.T.)
| | - Manhong Wei
- College of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational & Technical College, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Bowen Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (Y.R.); (B.T.)
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (Y.R.); (B.T.)
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Huaiping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.S.); (M.W.); (Y.R.); (B.T.)
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Jia Y, Shi Y, Qiao H. Bacterial community and diversity in the rumen of 11 Mongolian cattle as revealed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1546. [PMID: 38233488 PMCID: PMC10794206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Through microorganism in the rumen of ruminant, plant fiber can be converted to edible food such as meat and milk. Ruminants had a rich and complex microbial community within the rumen, and the bacteria comprised the dominant proportion of the ruminal microbes. High-throughput sequencing offered a viable solution for the study of rumen microbes. In this study, rumen fluid samples were taken from 11 cattle from Inner Mongolian, the DNA of 11 rumen fluid samples were extracted and bacterial amplicons of the V4 regions of 16S rRNA were subjected to Illumina sequencing. More than 90,000 raw reads and 60,000 effect Tags per sample were obtained. 28,122 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed from 11 samples, in average 2557 ± 361 OTUs for each sample. Bacteroidetes (44.41 ± 7.31%), Firmicutes (29.07 ± 3.78%), and Proteobacteria (7.18 ± 5.63%) were the dominant phyla among the bacteria of rumen, accounting for 82%. At the genus level, the highest relative abundance was Prevotella. Their functions were predicted using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The results showed that they included metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing and cellular processes. It explored the bacterial community diversity and composition of the rumen of Mongolian cattle. On the whole, our research showed that there was a high diversity as well as rich bacterial flora function of rumen bacteria in Mongolian cattle. Meanwhile, these findings provided information for further studies on the relationship between the community, diversity, functions of rumen bacteria and the nutritional physiological functions of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiu Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, No. 49 Aimin Street, Xincheng District, Hohhot, 010051, China
| | - Yali Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, No. 49 Aimin Street, Xincheng District, Hohhot, 010051, China.
| | - Huiyan Qiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, No. 49 Aimin Street, Xincheng District, Hohhot, 010051, China
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Fonseca PAS, Lam S, Chen Y, Waters SM, Guan LL, Cánovas A. Multi-breed host rumen epithelium transcriptome and microbiome associations and their relationship with beef cattle feed efficiency. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16209. [PMID: 37758745 PMCID: PMC10533831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding host-microbial interactions in the rumen and its influence on desirable production traits may lead to potential microbiota manipulation or genetic selection for improved cattle feed efficiency. This study investigated the host transcriptome and its correlation with the rumen archaea and bacteria differential abundance of two pure beef cattle breeds (Angus and Charolais) and one composite beef hybrid (Kinsella) divergent for residual feed intake (RFI; low-RFI vs. high-RFI). Using RNA-Sequencing of rumen tissue and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.05, |log2(Fold-change) >|2) and differentially abundant (p-value < 0.05) archaea and bacteria amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were determined. Significant correlations between gene expression and ASVs (p-value < 0.05) were determine using Spearman correlation. Interesting associations with muscle contraction and the modulation of the immune system were observed for the genes correlated with bacterial ASVs. Potential functional candidate genes for feed efficiency status were identified for Angus (CCL17, CCR3, and CXCL10), Charolais (KCNK9, GGT1 and IL6), and Kinsella breed (ESR2). The results obtained here provide more insights regarding the applicability of target host and rumen microbial traits for the selection and breeding of more feed efficient beef cattle.
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Grants
- Beef Farmers of Ontario, Genome Canada and the Sustainable Beef and Forage Science Cluster funded by the Canadian Beef Cattle Check-Off, Beef Cattle Research Council (BCRC), Alberta Beef Producers, Alberta Cattle Feeders’ Association, Beef Farmers of Ontario, La Fédération des Productuers de bovins du Québec, and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s Canadian Agricultural Partnership
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, and the Ontario Agri-Food Innovation Alliance
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Affiliation(s)
- P A S Fonseca
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S Lam
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Y Chen
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6H 2P5, Canada
| | - S M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - L L Guan
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6H 2P5, Canada
| | - A Cánovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Huang Q, Chen Y, Wang X, Wei Y, Pan M, Zhao G. Effects of Phlorotannins from Sargassum on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota and Fatty Acid Profile. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2854. [PMID: 37760253 PMCID: PMC10525790 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid profiles of ruminant-derived products are closely associated with human health. Ruminal microbiota play a vital role in modulating rumen biohydrogenation (BH). The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dietary supplementation with phlorotannins (PTs) extracted from Sargassum on rumen fermentation, fatty acid composition and bacterial communities by an in vitro culture study. The inclusion of PTs in the diet increased dry matter digestibility and gas production, and reduced ammonia-N concentration and pH. PT extract inhibited rumen BH, increasing the content of trans-9 C18:1, cis-9 C18:1, trans-9 and trans-12 C18:2 and reducing C18:0 concentration. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that PTs caused an obvious change in rumen bacterial communities. The presence of Prevotella decreased while carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria such as Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Ruminococcus, Selenomonas, Ruminobacter and Fibrobacter increased. Correlation analysis between rumen FA composition and the bacterial microbiome revealed that Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Anaerovorax, Ruminococcus, Ruminobacter, Fibrobacter, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group and Clostridia_UCG-014 might have been involved in the BH process. In conclusion, the results suggest that the inclusion of PTs in the diet improved rumen fermentation and FA composition through modulating the rumen bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Xingxing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Yuanhao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Min Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Nishihara K, van Niekerk J, Innes D, He Z, Cánovas A, Guan LL, Steele M. Transcriptome profiling revealed that key rumen epithelium functions change in relation to short-chain fatty acids and rumen epithelium-attached microbiota during the weaning transition. Genomics 2023; 115:110664. [PMID: 37286013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to characterize the functional changes of the rumen epithelium associated with ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration and epithelium-attached microbes during the weaning transition in dairy calves. Ruminal SCFA concentrations were determined, and transcriptome and microbiota profiling in biopsied rumen papillae were obtained from Holstein calves before and after weaning using RNA- and amplicon sequencing. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that pathways related to SCFA metabolism and cell apoptosis were up- and down-regulated postweaning, respectively. Functional analysis showed that genes related to SCFA absorption, metabolism, and protective roles against oxidative stress were positively correlated with ruminal SCFA concentrations. The relative abundance of epithelium-attached Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Campylobacter was positively correlated with genes involved in SCFA absorption and metabolism, suggesting that these microbes can cooperatively affect host functions. Future research should examine the contribution of attenuated apoptosis on rumen epithelial functional shifts during the weaning transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nishihara
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
| | - Jolet van Niekerk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - David Innes
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
| | - Zhixiong He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Angela Cánovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada.
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Zhang W, Jia T, Zhang H, Zhu W. Effects of high-fiber food on gut microbiology and energy metabolism in Eothenomys miletus at different altitudes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264109. [PMID: 37727288 PMCID: PMC10505965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microorganisms assist the host in digesting complex and difficultly decomposed foods; expand the host's dietary ecological niche. In order to investigate the effect of high-fiber food on intestinal microorganisms of Eothenomys miletus at different altitudes, exploring the regional differences of intestinal microorganisms and their roles in body mass regulation, we collected E. miletus from Dali (DL) and Xianggelila (XGLL), which were divided into control group, high-fiber group fed with high-fiber diet for 7 days, and refeeding group fed with standard diet for 14 days after high-fiber diet. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology combined with physiological methods, we analyzed the gut microbial diversity, abundance, community structure and related physiological indicators of each group, and explored the effects of high-fiber foods and regions on the diversity, structure of gut microorganisms and physiological indicators. The results showed that high-fiber food affected the food intake and metabolic rate of E. miletus, which also showed regional differences. The intestinal microorganisms of E. miletus obtained energy through the enrichment of fiber degrading bacteria under the condition of high-fiber food, while producing short-chain fatty acids, which participated in processes such as energy metabolism or immune regulation. Moreover, it also affected the colonization of intestinal microorganisms. High-fiber food promoted the enrichment of probiotics in the intestinal microbiota of E. miletus, but pathogenic bacteria also appeared. Therefore, the changes in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in E. miletus provided important guarantees for their adaptation to high fiber food environments in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy Ministry of Education, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for Biomass Energy and Environment Biotechnology, Kunming, China
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10
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Zaitseva S, Dagurova O, Radnagurueva A, Kozlova A, Izotova A, Krylova A, Noskov S, Begmatov S, Patutina E, Barkhutova DD. Fecal Microbiota and Diet Composition of Buryatian Horses Grazing Warm- and Cold-Season Grass Pastures. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1947. [PMID: 37630507 PMCID: PMC10459317 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Buryatian horse is an ancient breed and, as an indigenous breed, they have unique adaptive abilities to use scarce pastures, graze in winter, and survive in harsh conditions with minimal human care. In this study, fecal microbiota of Buryatian horses grazing in the warm and cold seasons were investigated using NGS technology on the Illumina MiSeq platform. We hypothesized that the composition of microbial communities in the feces of horses maintained on pasture would change in the different seasons, depending on the grass availability and different plant diets. We conducted microhistological fecal studies of horse diet composition on steppe pasture. The alpha diversity analysis showed horses had a more abundant and diverse gut microbiota in summer. There were significant effects on the beta diversity of microbial families, which were clustered by the warm and cold season in a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), with 45% of the variation explained by two principal coordinates. This clustering by season was further confirmed by the significant differences observed in the relative abundances of microbial families and genera. The obtained results can serve as an experimental substantiation for further study of the impact of pasture grasses, which have a pharmacological effect, on the diversity of the gut microbiome and horse health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Zaitseva
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology SD RAS, Sakhyanovoy str., 6, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia; (O.D.); (A.R.); (D.D.B.)
| | - Olga Dagurova
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology SD RAS, Sakhyanovoy str., 6, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia; (O.D.); (A.R.); (D.D.B.)
| | - Aryuna Radnagurueva
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology SD RAS, Sakhyanovoy str., 6, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia; (O.D.); (A.R.); (D.D.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Kozlova
- Kurchatov Center for Genome Research, NRC.urchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (A.I.); (A.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Anna Izotova
- Kurchatov Center for Genome Research, NRC.urchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (A.I.); (A.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Anastasia Krylova
- Kurchatov Center for Genome Research, NRC.urchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (A.I.); (A.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Sergey Noskov
- Kurchatov Center for Genome Research, NRC.urchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (A.I.); (A.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Shahjahon Begmatov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Patutina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp, bld. 33-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Darima D. Barkhutova
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology SD RAS, Sakhyanovoy str., 6, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia; (O.D.); (A.R.); (D.D.B.)
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11
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Choi Y, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Eom JS, Jo SU, Guan LL, Seo J, Park T, Lee Y, Lee SS, Lee SS. Oral administration of Pinus koraiensis cone essential oil reduces rumen methane emission by altering the rumen microbial composition and functions in Korean native goat ( Capra hircus coreanae). Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1168237. [PMID: 37275608 PMCID: PMC10234127 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1168237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate Pinus koraiensis cone essential oil (PEO) as a methane (CH4) inhibitor and determine its impact on the taxonomic and functional characteristics of the rumen microbiota in goats. A total of 10 growing Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae, 29.9 ± 1.58 kg, male) were assigned to different dietary treatments: control (CON; basal diet without additive) and PEO (basal diet +1 g/d of PEO) by a 2 × 2 crossover design. Methane measurements were conducted every 4 consecutive days for 17-20 days using a laser CH4 detector. Samples of rumen fluid and feces were collected during each experimental period to evaluate the biological effects and dry matter (DM) digestibility after PEO oral administration. The rumen microbiota was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The PEO oral administration resulted in reduced CH4 emission (eructation CH4/body weight0.75, p = 0.079) without affecting DM intake; however, it lowered the total volatile fatty acids (p = 0.041), molar proportion of propionate (p = 0.075), and ammonia nitrogen (p = 0.087) in the rumen. Blood metabolites (i.e., albumin, alanine transaminase/serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase, creatinine, and triglyceride) were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by PEO oral administration. The absolute fungal abundance (p = 0.009) was reduced by PEO oral administration, whereas ciliate protozoa, total bacteria, and methanogen abundance were not affected. The composition of rumen prokaryotic microbiota was altered by PEO oral administration with lower evenness (p = 0.054) observed for the PEO group than the CON group. Moreover, PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that the metabolic pathways of prokaryotic bacteria, such as pyruvate metabolism, were enriched in the PEO group. We also identified the Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group as the taxa potentially contributing to the enriched KEGG modules for histidine biosynthesis and pyruvate oxidation in the rumen of the PEO group using the FishTaco analysis. The entire co-occurrence networks showed that more nodes and edges were detected in the PEO group. Overall, these findings provide an understanding of how PEO oral administration affects CH4 emission and rumen prokaryotic microbiota composition and function. This study may help develop potential manipulation strategies to find new essential oils to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tansol Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yookyung Lee
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chen S, Zhou B, Zhang J, Liu H, Ma L, Wang T, Wang C. Effects of Dietary Nano-Zinc Oxide Supplementation on Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Cecal Microbiota of Intrauterine Growth Retardation Finishing Pigs. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091885. [PMID: 37174423 PMCID: PMC10178521 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As nano-zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO), a new type of nanomaterial, has antioxidant and intestinal protection effects, we hypothesized that dietary Nano-ZnO could modulate poor meat quality, oxidative stress and disturbed gut microbiota in the finishing pig model of naturally occurring intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). A total of 6 normal-born weight (NBW) and 12 IUGR piglets were selected based on birth weight. The pigs in the NBW group received a basal diet, and IUGR pigs were randomly divided into two groups and treated with basal diet and 600 mg/kg Nano-ZnO-supplemented diet. Dietary Nano-ZnO ameliorated IUGR-associated declined meat quality by lowering the drip loss48h, cooking loss, shearing force and MyHc IIx mRNA expression, and raising the redness (a*), peak area ratio of immobilized water (P22), sarcomere length and MyHc Ia mRNA expression. Nano-ZnO activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-glutamyl cysteine ligase (Nrf2-GCL) signaling pathway by promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, increasing the GCL activities, and mRNA and protein expression of its catalytic/modify subunit (GCLC/GCLM), thereby attenuating the IUGR-associated muscle oxidative injury. Additionally, the composition of IUGR pigs' cecal microbiota was altered by Nano-ZnO, as seen by changes in Shannon and Simpson indexes, the enhanced UCG-005, hoa5-07d05 gut group and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group abundance. The UCG-005 and hoa5-07d05 gut group abundance were correlated with indicators that reflected the meat quality traits and antioxidant properties. In conclusion, Nano-ZnO improved the IUGR-impaired meat quality by altering water holding capacity, water distribution and the ultrastructure of muscle, activating the Nrf2-GCL signaling pathway to alleviate oxidative status and regulating the cecal microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Binbin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Longfei Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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13
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Ravelo AD, Arce-Cordero JA, Lobo RR, Liu T, Jeong KC, Faciola A. Effects of partially replacing dietary corn with sugars in a dual-flow continuous culture system on the ruminal microbiome. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad011. [PMID: 36815134 PMCID: PMC9940699 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding sugars as a replacement for starch on the ruminal microbiome using a dual-flow continuous culture system. Four periods of 10 days each were conducted with 8 fermenters in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design. Treatments included: 1) control with corn-CON, 2) molasses-MOL, 3) untreated condensed whey permeate-CWP, and 4) CWP treated with a caustic agent-TCWP as a partial substitute for corn. Sugars were defined as the water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) concentration. Diets were formulated by replacing 4% of the diet DM in the form of starch from corn with the sugars in byproducts. Microbial samples for DNA analysis were collected from the solid and liquid effluent containers at 3, 6, and 9 h after feeding. Bacterial community composition was analyzed with sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq platform. Data were analyzed with R 4.1.3 packages vegan, lmer, and ggplot to determine the effects of treatment on the relative abundance of taxa in the solid and liquid fractions, as well as the correlation of Acetate: Propionate ratio and pH to taxa relative abundance. Treatments did not affect alpha or beta diversity. At the phylum level the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was increased in CON compared to sugars in the solid fraction. In the liquid fraction, Firmicutes had greater relative abundance in sugar treatments while Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota were present in lower relative abundance in CWP. For solid and liquid samples, the family Lachnospiraceae had greater relative abundance in sugar treatments compared to CON. The decreased relative abundance of Christensenellaceae and Rikenellaceae paired with the greater relative abundance of Selenomonadaceae in CWP could help explain greater propionate molar proportion and decreased ruminal pH previously observed for this treatment. The genera Olsenella a lactic acid-producing bacterium, had the greatest relative abundance in MOL. Incorporating TCWP or MOL as a partial replacement for starch was more conservative of fibrolytic bacterial taxa compared to CWP. Additionally, TCWP did not increase bacterial taxa associated with synthesis of lactate as compared to MOL. Overall, replacing starch with sugars is mostly conservative of the ruminal microbiome; however, changes observed coincide with differences observed in acetate and propionate proportions and ruminal pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anay D Ravelo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jose A Arce-Cordero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA,Escuela de Zootecnia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Richard R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kwang C Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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14
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Jiang Q, Sherlock DN, Elolimy AA, Vailati-Riboni M, Yoon I, Loor JJ. Impact of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product during an intestinal barrier challenge in lactating Holstein cows on ileal microbiota and markers of tissue structure and immunity. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad309. [PMID: 37721866 PMCID: PMC10630188 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; NutriTek, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) during periods of metabolic stress is beneficial to the health of dairy cows partially through its effect on the gut microbiota. Whether SCFP alters the ileal microbiota in lactating cows during intestinal challenges induced by feed restriction (FR) is not known. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to assess if feeding SCFP during FR to induce gut barrier dysfunction alters microbiota profiles in the ileum. The mRNA abundance of key genes associated with tissue structures and immunity was also detected. Multiparous cows (97.1 ± 7.6 days in milk (DIM); n = 7 per treatment) fed a control diet or the control plus 19 g/d NutriTek for 9 wk were subjected to an FR challenge for 5 d, during which they were fed 40% of their ad libitum intake from the 7 d before FR. All cows were slaughtered at the end of FR. DNA extracted from ileal digesta was subjected to PacBio Full-Length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. High-quality amplicon sequence analyses were performed with Targeted Amplicon Diversity Analysis and MicrobiomeAnalyst. Functional analysis was performed and analyzed using PICRUSt and STAMP. Feeding SCFP did not (P > 0.05) alter dry matter intake, milk yield, or milk components during FR. In addition, SCFP supplementation tended (P = 0.07) to increase the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bifidobacterium animalis. Compared with controls, feeding SCFP increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillales (P = 0.03). Gluconokinase, oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase, and 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase were among the enzymes overrepresented (P < 0.05) in response to feeding SCFP. Cows fed SCFP had a lower representation of adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis I (early cobalt insertion) and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis III (P < 0.05). Subsets of the Firmicutes genus, Bacteroidota phylum, and Treponema genus were correlated with the mRNA abundance of genes associated with ileal integrity (GCNT3, GALNT5, B3GNT3, FN1, ITGA2, LAMB2) and inflammation (AOX1, GPX8, CXCL12, CXCL14, CCL4, SAA3). Our data indicated that the moderate FR induced dysfunction of the ileal microbiome, but feeding SCFP increased the abundance of some beneficial gut probiotic bacteria and other species related to tissue structures and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Danielle N Sherlock
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ahmed A Elolimy
- Animal Production Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | | | | | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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15
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Kara K, Yılmaz S, Önel SE, Özbilgin A. Effects of plantago species herbage and silage on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiome. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2139201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanber Kara
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Sena Yılmaz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Ercüment Önel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye
| | - Abdullah Özbilgin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye
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16
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Essential Oils as a Dietary Additive for Small Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis on Performance, Rumen Parameters, Serum Metabolites, and Product Quality. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090475. [PMID: 36136691 PMCID: PMC9502430 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing pressure to identify natural feed additives that improve the productivity and health of livestock, without affecting the quality of derived products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils (EOs) on productive performance, rumen parameters, serum metabolites, and quality of products (meat and milk) derived from small ruminants by means of a meta-analysis. Seventy-four peer-reviewed publications were included in the data set. Weighted mean differences (WMD) between the EOs treatments and the control treatment were used to assess the magnitude of effect. Dietary inclusion of EOs increased (p < 0.05) dry matter intake (WMD = 0.021 kg/d), dry matter digestibility (WMD = 14.11 g/kg of DM), daily weight gain (WMD = 0.008 kg/d), and feed conversion ratio (WMD = −0.111). The inclusion of EOs in small ruminants’ diets decreased (p < 0.05) ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration (WMD = −0.310 mg/dL), total protozoa (WMD = −1.426 × 105/mL), methanogens (WMD = −0.60 × 107/mL), and enteric methane emissions (WMD = −3.93 L/d) and increased ruminal propionate concentration (WMD = 0.726 mol/100 mol, p < 0.001). The serum urea concentration was lower (WMD = −0.688 mg/dL; p = 0.009), but serum catalase (WMD = 0.204 ng/mL), superoxide dismutase (WMD = 0.037 ng/mL), and total antioxidant capacity (WMD = 0.749 U/mL) were higher (p < 0.05) in response to EOs supplementation. In meat, EOs supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the cooking loss (WMD = −0.617 g/100 g), malondialdehyde content (WMD = −0.029 mg/kg of meat), yellowness (WMD = −0.316), and total viable bacterial count (WMD = −0.780 CFU/g of meat). There was higher (p < 0.05) milk production (WMD = 0.113 kg/d), feed efficiency (WMD = 0.039 kg/kg), protein (WMD = 0.059 g/100 g), and lactose content in the milk (WMD = 0.100 g/100 g), as well as lower somatic cell counts in milk (WMD = −0.910 × 103 cells/mL) in response to EOs supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with EOs improves productive performance as well as meat and milk quality of small ruminants. In addition, EOs improve antioxidant status in blood serum and rumen fermentation and decrease environmental impact.
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Effect of Methionine Supplementation on Serum Metabolism and the Rumen Bacterial Community of Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151950. [PMID: 35953939 PMCID: PMC9367550 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine is the first or second limiting amino acid for ruminants, such as sika deer, and has a variety of biological functions such as antioxidant activity, immune response, and protein synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of methionine supplementation on antler growth, serum biochemistry, rumen fermentation, and the bacterial community of sika deer during the antler-growing period. Twelve 4-year-old male sika deer were randomly assigned to three dietary groups supplemented with 0 g/day (n = 4, CON), 4.0 g/day (n = 4, LMet), and 6.0 g/day (n = 4, HMet) methionine. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the production performance between the three groups, but antler weight was higher in both the LMet and HMet groups than in the CON group. Methionine supplementation significantly increased the serum glutathione peroxidase activity (p < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G level was significantly higher in the HMet group than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). No significant effect was found on the apparent amino acid digestibility of the three groups, but cysteine and methionine digestibility were higher in the LMet group. The serum hydroxylysine level was significantly lower in the LMet and HMet groups, whereas the serum lysine level was significantly lower in the HMet group compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). The LMet group had the highest but a nonsignificant total volatile fatty acid content and significantly higher microbial protein content in the rumen than the CON group (p < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant in the rumen of the sika deer. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) results showed a significant change in the bacterial composition of the three groups (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Prevotella and Rikenellaceae-RC9 was significantly higher in the LMet group compared with the CON group and CON and HMet groups, respectively. These results revealed that methionine supplementation improved the antioxidant activity and immune status, affecting amino acid metabolism and rumen microbial composition of the sika deer.
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18
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Wen X, Luo S, Lv D, Jia C, Zhou X, Zhai Q, Xi L, Yang C. Variations in the fecal microbiota and their functions of Thoroughbred, Mongolian, and Hybrid horses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:920080. [PMID: 35968025 PMCID: PMC9366519 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.920080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The horse gut is colonized by a rich and complex microbial community that has important roles in horse physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune functions. Fewer across-breed variations in horse gut microbial diversity have been illustrated. In this article, the gut microbiota of Thoroughbred, Mongolian, and Hybrid horses [first filial generation (F1) of Mongolian (maternal) and Thoroughbred (paternal)] were studied by second-generation high-throughput sequencing technology. Differences in gut microbiota composition and function between breeds were determined using diversity and functional prediction analysis. The alpha diversity analysis showed that Thoroughbred horses had a more abundant and diverse gut microbiota, while the diversity of gut microbiota in Hybrid horses was intermediate between Thoroughbred and Mongolian horses. Subsequent cluster analysis showed that Hybrid horses have a microbiota composition more similar to Mongolian horses. LEfSe analysis revealed that the bacterial biomarkers for Thoroughbred horses at the family level were Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Fibrobacteraceae, p_251_o5, Lactobacillaceae, and uncultured_bacterium_o_WCHB1_41; the bacterial biomarker for Mongolian horses was Planococcaceae; and the bacterial biomarkers for Hybrid horses were Moraxellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. The functional prediction results indicated that the metabolic pathways differ significantly between the breeds. Regarding metabolism, the Hybrid horses had the lowest proportion of the carbohydrate metabolic pathways, while the energy metabolic pathway had the highest proportion. The abundance ratios of the remaining eight metabolic pathways in Hybrid horses were between Thoroughbred and Mongolian horses. In conclusion, the results of this study showed an association between horse breeds and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wen
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianhong Lv
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Jia
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiurong Zhou
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
- *Correspondence: Li Xi
| | - Caijuan Yang
- National S&T Innovation Center for Modern Agricultural Industry, Guangzhou, China
- Caijuan Yang
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Jiao P, Wang Z, Wang X, Zuo Y, Yang Y, Hu G, Lu C, Xie X, Wang L, Yang W. Effect of Clostridium butyricum Supplementation on in vitro Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota With High Grain Substrate Varying With Media pH Levels. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912042. [PMID: 35814667 PMCID: PMC9260501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) can survive at low pH, and it has been widely used as an alternative to antibiotics for the improvement of feed efficiency and animal health in monogastrics. A recent study suggested that the improved ruminal fermentation with supplementing C. butyricum is may be associated with increasing the abundance of rumen microbiota in Holstein heifers, as ruminal pH plays a key role in rumen microbiota and the probiotics are often active in a dose-dependent manner. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of increasing the doses of C. butyricum on gas production (GP) kinetics, dry matter disappearance (DMD), fermentation characteristics, and rumen microbiota using a high grain substrate in batch culture varying with media pH levels. The doses of C. butyricum were supplemented at 0 (control), 0.5 × 106, 1 × 106, and 2 × 106 CFU/bottle, respectively, at either media pH 6.0 or pH 6.6. The fermentation microbiota at 0 and 1 × 106 CFU/bottle were determined using the 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing technology. Overall, the GP, DMD, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and the ratio of acetate:propionate were higher (P <0.01) at media pH 6.6 than at pH 6.0. However, there was interaction between pH × dose of C. butyricum for rate constant of GP (P = 0.01), average GP rate (P = 0.07), and volume of GP (P = 0.06); with the increase in C. butyricum supplementation, the GP kinetics were not changed at media pH 6.0, but the volume (P = 0.02), rate of GP (P = 0.01), and average GP rate (P = 0.01) were quadratically changed at media pH 6.6. The DMD was not affected by increasing the supplementation of C. butyricum. The molar proportions of propionate (P <0.09), butyrate (P <0.06), and NH3-N concentration (P = 0.02) were quadratically changed with increasing supplementation of C. butyricum regardless of media pH levels. The interactions between media pH level and dose of C. butyricum supplementation were noticed for alpha diversity indexes of Shannon (P = 0.02) and Evenness (P = 0.04). The alpha diversity indexes increased (P <0.05) except for Chao1 with supplementation of C. butyricum. The unweighted uniFrac analysis showed that the group of control at media pH 6.0 and control at media pH 6.6, and supplementation of C. butyricum and control at media pH 6.0 clustered separately from each other. At the phylum level, relative abundance (RA) of Bacteroidota was lower (P <0.01) and Firmicutes was higher (P <0.01) at media pH 6.6 than pH 6.0. Moreover, RA of Proteobacteria decreased (P <0.05) with supplemented C. butyricum at either media pH 6.6 or pH 6.0. At media pH 6.6, RA of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Prevotella were decreased, and CAG-352 was increased (at genus level) compared to pH 6.0. Supplementation of C. butyricum decreased RA of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and increased CAG-352 at media pH 6.0. It could hence be concluded that manipulating media pH level and supplementation of C. butyricum effectively modulated in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and microbiota but in a dose depending manner of C. butyricum addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghui Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Changming Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaolai Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Hubei Greensnow Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Xianning, China
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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