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Liu L, Ning N, Xu S, Chen D, Zhou L, Guo Z, Liang X, Ye X. Double promoter and tandem gene strategy for efficiently expressing recombinant FGF21. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:171. [PMID: 38867280 PMCID: PMC11167883 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a promising candidate for treating metabolic disorder diseases and has been used in phase II clinical trials. Currently, metabolic diseases are prevalent worldwide, underscoring the significant market potential of FGF21. Therefore, the production of FGF21 must be effectively improved to meet market demand. RESULTS Herein, to investigate the impact of vectors and host cells on FGF21 expression, we successfully engineered strains that exhibit a high yield of FGF21. Surprisingly, the data revealed that vectors with various copy numbers significantly impact the expression of FGF21, and the results showed a 4.35-fold increase in expression levels. Furthermore, the performance of the double promoter and tandem gene expression construction design surpassed that of the conventional construction method, with a maximum difference of 2.67 times. CONCLUSION By exploring engineered vectors and host cells, we successfully achieved high-yield production of the FGF21 strain. This breakthrough lays a solid foundation for the future industrialization of FGF21. Additionally, FGF21 can be easily, quickly and efficiently expressed, providing a better tool and platform for the research and application of more recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longying Liu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Nuoyi Ning
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Simeng Xu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Dongqing Chen
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Luping Zhou
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China.
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Xianlong Ye
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China.
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Vivekanandan KE, Kasimani R, Kumar PV, Meenatchisundaram S, Sundar WA. Overview of cloning in lactic acid bacteria: Expression and its application of probiotic potential in inflammatory bowel diseases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38576028 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) imposes a significant impact on the quality of life for affected individuals. However, there was a current lack of a systematic summary regarding the latest epidemic trends and the underlying pathogenesis of IBD. This highlights the need for a thorough examination of both the epidemiological aspects of IBD and the specific mechanisms by which lactic acid bacteria (LAB) contribute to mitigating this condition. In developed countries, higher incidences and death rates of IBD have been observed, influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. LAB offer significant advantages and substantial potential for enhancing IBD treatment. LAB's capabilities include the production of bioactive metabolites, regulation of gut immunity, protection of intestinal mechanical barriers, inhibition of oxidative damage, and restoration of imbalanced gut microbiota. The review suggests that screening effective LAB using cell models and metabolites, optimizing LAB intake through dose-effect studies, enhancing utilization through nanoencapsulation and microencapsulation, investigating mechanisms to deepen the understanding of LAB, and refining clinical study designs. These efforts aim to contribute to comprehending the epidemic trend, pathogenesis, and treatment of IBD, ultimately fostering the development of targeted therapeutic products, such as LAB-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Vivekanandan
- Department of Microbiology, Nehru Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Kasimani
- Department of Microbiology, Nehru Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Nehru Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Meenatchisundaram
- Department of Microbiology, Shree Nehru Maha Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - William Arputha Sundar
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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Akinyemi MO, Ogunremi OR, Adeleke RA, Ezekiel CN. Probiotic Potentials of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts from Raw Goat Milk in Nigeria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:163-180. [PMID: 36520357 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms are incorporated in foods due to their numerous health benefits. We investigated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts isolated from goat milk in Nigeria for novel probiotic strains. In this study, a total of 27 LAB and 23 yeast strains were assessed for their probiotic potentials. Only six LAB strains (Weissella cibaria GM 93m3, Weissella confusa GM 92m1, Pediococcus acidilactici GM 18a, Pediococcus pentosaceus GM 23d, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus GM 102s4, Limosilactobacillus fermentum GM 30m1) and four yeast strains (Candida tropicalis 12a, C. tropicalis 33d, Diutina rugosa 53b, and D. rugosa 77a) identified using partial 16S and 26S rDNA sequencing, respectively, showed survival at pH 2.5, 0.3% bile salt, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions and possessed auto-aggregative and hydrophobic properties, thus satisfying key in vitro criteria as probiotics. All LAB strains showed coaggregation properties and antimicrobial activities against pathogens. Pediococcus pentosaceus GM 23d recorded the strongest coaggregation percentage (34-94%) against 14 pathogens, while W. cibaria GM 93m3 showed the least (6-57%) against eight of the 14 pathogens. The whole cell and extracellular extracts of LAB and yeast strains, with the exception of D. rugosa 77a, had either 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl and/or hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, all six LAB and four yeast strains are important probiotic candidates that can be further investigated for use as functional starter cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muiz O Akinyemi
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Omotade R Ogunremi
- Department of Biological Sciences, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Rasheed A Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Chibundu N Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Mao R, Wang J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Wu M, Mao L, Chen Y, Li D, Zhang T, Diao E, Chi Z, Wang Y, Chang X. Oral delivery of bi-autoantigens by bacterium-like particles (BLPs) against autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2173339. [PMID: 36719009 PMCID: PMC9891168 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2173339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of oral tolerance by vaccination with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-associated autoantigens exhibits great potential in preventing and treating this autoimmune disease. However, antigen degradation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) limits the delivery efficiency of oral antigens. Previously, bacterium-like particles (BLPs) have been used to deliver a single-chain insulin (SCI-59) analog (BLPs-SCI-59) or the intracellular domain of insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2ic) (BLPs-IA-2ic). Both monovalent BLPs vaccines can suppress T1DM in NOD mice by stimulating the corresponding antigen-specific oral tolerance, respectively. Here, we constructed two bivalent BLPs vaccines which simultaneously deliver SCI-59 and IA-2ic (Bivalent vaccine-mix or Bivalent vaccine-SA), and evaluated whether there is an additive beneficial effect on tolerance induction and suppression of T1DM by treatment with BLPs-delivered bi-autoantigens. Compared to the monovalent BLPs vaccines, oral administration of the Bivalent vaccine-mix could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in T1DM. Treatment with the bivalent BLPs vaccines (especially Bivalent vaccine-mix) endowed the mice with a stronger ability to regulate blood glucose and protect the integrity and function of pancreatic islets than the monovalent BLPs vaccines treatment. This additive effect of BLPs-delivered bi-autoantigens on T1DM prevention may be related to that SCI-59- and IA-2-specific Th2-like immune responses could be induced, which was more beneficial for the correction of Th1/Th2 imbalance. In addition, more CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were induced by treatment with the bivalent BLPs vaccines than did the monovalent BLPs vaccines. Therefore, multiple autoantigens delivered by BLPs maybe a promising strategy to prevent T1DM by efficiently inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Mao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing211200, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Lixia Mao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Dengchao Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Enjie Diao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Zhenjing Chi
- Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an223300, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing211200, China
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Soumya MP, Parameswaran R, Madhavan Nampoothiri K. Nisin controlled homologous Over-expression of an exopolysaccharide biosynthetic glycosyltransferase gene for enhanced EPS production in Lactobacillus plantarum BR2. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129387. [PMID: 37364650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases synthesize a variety of exopolysaccharides (EPS) with different properties by altering the type of glycosidic linkage, degree of branching, length, mass, and conformation of the polymers. The genome analysis of an EPS-producing, Lactobacillus plantarum BR2 (Accession No: MN176402) showed twelve glycosyltransferase genes, and the gene BR2gtf (1116 bp), annotated as an EPS biosynthetic glycosyltransferase was cloned into the pNZ8148 vector. The recombinant pNZ8148 vector along with pNZ9530, a regulatory plasmid, were electroporated to L. plantarum BR2 for the over-expression of gtf gene under a nisin-controlled expression system and the glycosyltransferase activity of the recombinant and the wild-type strains were analysed. The recombinant strain showed 54.4% increase in EPS production with the maximum EPS production of 23.2 ± 0.5 g/L in a 5 L bioreactor study after 72 h of fermentation. This study shows an effective molecular strategy possibly to be adopted in lactic acid bacteria to enhance exopolysaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Soumya
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Reeba Parameswaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India
| | - K Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India.
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Xu S, Gao S, An Y. Research progress of engineering microbial cell factories for pigment production. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108150. [PMID: 37044266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Pigments are widely used in people's daily life, such as food additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc. In recent years, the natural pigments produced by microorganisms have attracted increased attention because these processes cannot be affected by seasons like the plant extraction methods, and can also avoid the environmental pollution problems caused by chemical synthesis. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have been used to construct and optimize metabolic pathways for production of natural pigments in cellular factories. Building microbial cell factories for synthesis of natural pigments has many advantages, including well-defined genetic background of the strains, high-density and rapid culture of cells, etc. Until now, the technical means about engineering microbial cell factories for pigment production and metabolic regulation processes have not been systematically analyzed and summarized. Therefore, the studies about construction, modification and regulation of synthetic pathways for microbial synthesis of pigments in recent years have been reviewed, aiming to provide an up-to-date summary of engineering strategies for microbial synthesis of natural pigments including carotenoids, melanins, riboflavins, azomycetes and quinones. This review should provide new ideas for further improving microbial production of natural pigments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Xu
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingfeng An
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Mining and Molecular Breeding, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shenyang, China.
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Kazi TA, Mukhopadhyay BC, Mandal S, Biswas SR. Molecular characterization of five novel plasmids from Enterococcus italicus SD1 isolated from fermented milk: An insight into understanding plasmid incompatibility. Gene 2023; 856:147154. [PMID: 36574936 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcal plasmids have attracted considerable interest because of their indispensable role in the pathogenesis and dissemination of multidrug-resistance. In this work, five novel plasmids pSRB2, pSRB3, pSRB4, pSRB5 and pSRB7 have been identified and characterised, coexisting in Eneterococcus italicus SD1 from fermented milk. The plasmids pSRB2, pSRB3 and pSRB5 were found to replicate via theta mode of replication while pSRB4 and pSRB7 were rolling-circle plasmids. Comparative analysis of SD1-plasmids dictated that the plasmids are mosaic with novel architecture. Plasmids pSRB2 and pSRB5 are comprised of a typical iteron-based class-A theta type origin of replication, whereas pSRB3 has a Class-D theta type replication origin like pAMβ1. The plasmids pSRB4 and pSRB7 shared similar ori as in pWV01. The SD1 class-A theta type plasmids shared significant homology between their replication proteins with differences in their DNA-binding domain and comprises of distinct iterons. The differences in their iterons and replication proteins restricts the "handcuff" formation for inhibition of plasmid replication, rendering to their compatibility to coexist. Similarly, for SD1 rolling circle plasmids the differences in the replication protein binding site in the origin and the replication protein supports their coexistence by inhibiting the crosstalk between the origins and replication proteins. The phylogenetic tree of their replication proteins revealed their distant kinship. The results indicate that the identified plasmids are unique to E. italicus SD1, providing further opportunities to study their utility in designing multiple gene expression systems for the simultaneous production of proteins in enterococci with the renewed concept of plasmid incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawsif Ahmed Kazi
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Swadesh Ranjan Biswas
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
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Phenotypic and Safety Assessment of the Cheese Strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LL441, and Sequence Analysis of its Complete Genome and Plasmidome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010605. [PMID: 36614048 PMCID: PMC9820265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the phenotypic typing and complete genome analysis of LL441, a dairy Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain. LL441 utilized a large range of carbohydrates and showed strong activity of some carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. The strain grew slowly in milk and produced acids and ketones along with other volatile compounds. The genome of LL441 included eight circular molecules, the bacterial chromosome, and seven plasmids (pLL441-1 through pLL441-7), ranging in size from 8.7 to 53.3 kbp. Genome analysis revealed vast arrays of genes involved in carbohydrate utilization and flavor formation in milk, as well as genes providing acid and bile resistance. No genes coding for virulence traits or pathogenicity factors were detected. Chromosome and plasmids were packed with insertion sequence (IS) elements. Plasmids were also abundant in genes encoding heavy metal resistance traits and plasmid maintenance functions. Technologically relevant phenotypes linked to plasmids, such as the production of plantaricin C (pLL441-1), lactose utilization (pLL441-2), and bacteriophage resistance (pLL441-4), were also identified. The absence of acquired antibiotic resistance and of phenotypes and genes of concern suggests L. plantarum LL441 be safe. The strain might therefore have a use as a starter or starter component in dairy and other food fermentations or as a probiotic.
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Chen PW, Lin CF. Characterization of a novel theta-type replicon of indigenous plasmid pTE15 from Lactobacillus reuteri N16. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:298. [PMID: 36510154 PMCID: PMC9743546 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND pTE15 is a ~ 15-kb narrow-host-range indigenous plasmid from Lactobacillus reuteri N16 that does not replicate in selected Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and other Lactobacillus spp. METHODS Combined deletion analysis the minireplicon essential of pTE15 with replicon-probe vector pUE80 (-) to confirmed sufficient for replication and from the ssDNA intermediate detection, plasmid amplification tested by chloramphenicol treatment, and replication origin sequence analysis to delineated the novel theta-type replication of pTE15. RESULTS Single-stranded intermediate of pTE15 DNA was not detected in L. reuteri, indicating that this plasmid does not replicate via a rolling circle mechanism. The replicon of pTE15 did not display the structural organization typical of rolling-circle plasmids, nor were they similar to known rolling-circle plasmids. We further provided evidence that this plasmid applied a new mode of theta-type replication mechanism: (1) the size of this plasmid was > 10-kb; (2) the minireplicon consisted of AT-rich (directed repeat, iteron) and DnaA sequences; (3) the minireplicon did not contain double-strand origin (DSO) and essential rep genes, and it also showed no single-strand origin (SSO) structure; (4) the intermediate single-stranded DNA products were not observed for pTE15 replication; (5) the minireplicon did not contain a typical essential replication protein, Rep, (6) its copy number was decreased by chloramphenicol treatment, and (7) genes in pTE15 replication region encoded truncated RepA (TRepA), RepB and RepC, which were replication-associated proteins, but they were not essential for pTE15 replication. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results strongly suggested that the indigenous plasmid pTE15 of L. reuteri N16 belongs to a new class of theta replicons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wen Chen
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40249 Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- grid.412083.c0000 0000 9767 1257Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan ,grid.412083.c0000 0000 9767 1257Animal disease diagnostic center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
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Enhancing the Effect of Nucleic Acid Vaccines in the Treatment of HPV-Related Cancers: An Overview of Delivery Systems. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121444. [PMID: 36558778 PMCID: PMC9781236 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) have proven efficacy in those who have not been infected by the virus. However, they do not benefit patients with established tumors. Therefore, the development of therapeutic options for HPV-related malignancies is critical. Third-generation vaccines based on nucleic acids are fast and simple approaches to eliciting adaptive immune responses. However, techniques to boost immunogenicity, reduce degradation, and facilitate their capture by immune cells are frequently required. One option to overcome this constraint is to employ delivery systems that allow selective antigen absorption and help modulate the immune response. This review aimed to discuss the influence of these different systems on the response generated by nucleic acid vaccines. The results indicate that delivery systems based on lipids, polymers, and microorganisms such as yeasts can be used to ensure the stability and transport of nucleic acid vaccines to their respective protein synthesis compartments. Thus, in view of the limitations of nucleic acid-based vaccines, it is important to consider the type of delivery system to be used-due to its impact on the immune response and desired final effect.
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