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Shumaila, Ullah S, Shah W, Hafeez A, Ali B, Khan S, Ercisli S, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS. Biochar and Seed Priming Technique with Gallic Acid: An Approach toward Improving Morpho-Anatomical and Physiological Features of Solanum melongena L. under Induced NaCl and Boron Stresses. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28207-28232. [PMID: 38173954 PMCID: PMC10763624 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic shifts in climatic patterns increase soil salinity and boron levels, which are the major abiotic factors that affect plant growth and secondary metabolism. The present study assessed the role of growth regulators, including biochar (5 g kg-1) and gallic acid (GA, 2 mM), in altering leaf morpho-anatomical and physiological responses of Solanum melongena L. exposed to boron (25 mg kg-1) and salinity stresses (150 mM NaCl). These growth regulators enhanced leaf fresh weight (LFW) (70%), leaf dry weight (LDW) (20%), leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI) (85%), leaf moisture content (LMC) (98%), and relative water content (RWC) (115%) under salinity and boron stresses. Physiological attributes were analyzed to determine the stress levels and antioxidant protection. Photosynthetic pigments were negatively affected by salinity and boron stresses along with a nonsignificant reduction in trehalose, GA, osmoprotectant, and catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. These parameters were improved by biochar application to soil and presoaking seeds in GA (p < 0.05) in both varieties of S. melongena L. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy revealed that application of biochar and GA improved the stomatal regulation, trichome density, epidermal vigor, stomata size (SS) (13 381 μm), stomata index (SI) (354 mm2), upper epidermis thickness (UET) (123 μm), lower epidermis thickness (LET) (153 μm), cuticle thickness (CT) (11.4 μm), trichome density (TD) (23 per mm2), vein islet number (VIN) (14 per mm2), vein termination number (VTN) (19 per mm2), midrib thickness (MT) (5546 μm), and TD (27.4 mm2) under salinity and boron stresses. These results indicate that the use of inexpensive and easily available biochar and seed priming with GA can improve morpho-anatomical and physiological responses of S. melongena L. under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Wadood Shah
- Biological
Sciences Research Division, Pakistan Forest
Institute, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Hafeez
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Khan
- Crops,
Environment and Land Use Programme, Crop Science Department, Teagasc, Carlow R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk
Universitesi, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- HGF
Agro, Ata Teknokent, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Mehmood N, Saeed M, Zafarullah S, Hyder S, Rizvi ZF, Gondal AS, Jamil N, Iqbal R, Ali B, Ercisli S, Kupe M. Multifaceted Impacts of Plant-Beneficial Pseudomonas spp. in Managing Various Plant Diseases and Crop Yield Improvement. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22296-22315. [PMID: 37396244 PMCID: PMC10308577 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The modern agricultural system has issues with the reduction of agricultural productivity due to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. It is also expected that in the future the entire world population may rapidly increase and will surely demand more food. Farmers now utilize a massive quantity of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides for disease management and to increase food production. These synthetic fertilizers badly affect the environment, the texture of the soil, plant productivity, and human health. However, agricultural safety and sustainability depend on an ecofriendly and inexpensive biological application. In contrast to synthetic fertilizers, soil inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the excellent alternative options. In this regard, we focused on the best PGPR genera, Pseudomonas, which exists in the rhizosphere as well as inside the plant's body and plays a role in sustainable agriculture. Many Pseudomonas spp. control plant pathogens and play an effective role in disease management through direct and indirect mechanisms. Pseudomonas spp. fix the amount of atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus and potassium, and also produce phytohormones, lytic enzymes, volatile organic compounds, antibiotics, and secondary metabolites during stress conditions. These compounds stimulate plant growth by inducing systemic resistance and by inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Furthermore, pseudomonads also protect plants during different stress conditions like heavy metal pollution, osmosis, temperature, oxidative stress, etc. Now, several Pseudomonas-based commercial biological control products have been promoted and marketed, but there are a few limitations that hinder the development of this technology for extensive usage in agricultural systems. The variability among the members of Pseudomonas spp. draws attention to the huge research interest in this genus. There is a need to explore the potential of native Pseudomonas spp. as biocontrol agents and to use them in biopesticide development to support sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najaf Mehmood
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Saeed
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Sana Zafarullah
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Fatima Rizvi
- Department
of Botany, Government College Women University
Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Shahzad Gondal
- Department
of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Jamil
- Department
of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department
of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
- HGF
Agro, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum TR-25240, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Kupe
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
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Ali B, Hafeez A, Afridi MS, Javed MA, Sumaira, Suleman F, Nadeem M, Ali S, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Marc RA, Ercisli S, Darwish DBE. Bacterial-Mediated Salinity Stress Tolerance in Maize ( Zea mays L.): A Fortunate Way toward Sustainable Agriculture. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20471-20487. [PMID: 37332827 PMCID: PMC10275368 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture is threatened by salinity stress because of the low yield quality and low crop production. Rhizobacteria that promote plant growth modify physiological and molecular pathways to support plant development and reduce abiotic stresses. The recent study aimed to assess the tolerance capacity and impacts of Bacillus sp. PM31 on the growth, physiological, and molecular responses of maize to salinity stress. In comparison to uninoculated plants, the inoculation of Bacillus sp. PM31 improved the agro-morphological traits [shoot length (6%), root length (22%), plant height (16%), fresh weight (39%), dry weight (29%), leaf area (11%)], chlorophyll [Chl a (17%), Chl b (37%), total chl (22%)], carotenoids (15%), proteins (40%), sugars (43%), relative water (11%), flavonoids (22%), phenols (23%), radical scavenging capacity (13%), and antioxidants. The Bacillus sp. PM31-inoculated plants showed a reduction in the oxidative stress indicators [electrolyte leakage (12%), H2O2 (9%), and MDA (32%)] as compared to uninoculated plants under salinity and increased the level of osmolytes [free amino acids (36%), glycine betaine (17%), proline (11%)]. The enhancement of plant growth under salinity was further validated by the molecular profiling of Bacillus sp. PM31. Moreover, these physiological and molecular mechanisms were accompanied by the upregulation of stress-related genes (APX and SOD). Our study found that Bacillus sp. PM31 has a crucial and substantial role in reducing salinity stress through physiological and molecular processes, which may be used as an alternative approach to boost crop production and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baber Ali
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 45320
| | - Aqsa Hafeez
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 45320
| | | | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute
of Industrial Biotechnology, Government
College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan 54000
| | - Sumaira
- Department
of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 45320
| | - Faiza Suleman
- Department
of Botany, Government College University
Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan 54000
| | - Mehwish Nadeem
- Department
of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shehzad Ali
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam
University, Islamabad, Pakistan 45320
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11451
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11451
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food
Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 400372
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk
Universitesi, Erzurum, Türkiye 25240
- Ata
Teknokent, HGF Agro, TR-25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
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Jabeen S, Ali MF, Mohi Ud Din A, Javed T, Mohammed NS, Chaudhari SK, Javed MA, Ali B, Zhang L, Rahimi M. Phytochemical screening and allelopathic potential of phytoextracts of three invasive grass species. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8080. [PMID: 37202455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Undoubtedly, it is important to remain vigilant and manage invasive grasses to prevent their spread and mitigate their negative impact on the environment. However, these aggressive plants can also play a beneficial role in certain contexts. For example, several invasive grasses provide valuable forage for livestock and have disease control potential. Therefore, a research experiment was conducted to explore the pros and cons of this approach, not only for surrounding vegetation but also for human and animal disease control. The study is primarily focused on developing livestock feed, plant-derived herbicides, and an understanding of the phytotoxic effects of invasive species. All plant parts of Cenchrus ciliaris L., Polypogon monspeliansis L., and Dicanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf, were tested for their phyto-chemical screening, proximate, and toxicity analysis which was caused by the methanolic extract of these grass species. Qualitative phytochemical screening tests were performed for proximate composition analysis and toxicity assessment essays. The phytochemical analysis revealed the positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, saponins, and glycosides, while negative for tannins. Comparison of proximate analysis intimated maximum moisture (10.8%) and crude fat (4.1%) in P. monspeliensis, whereas maximum dry matter (84.1%), crude protein (13.95%), crude fiber (11%), and ash (7.2%) in D. annulatum. Five (10, 100, 500, 100, 10,000 ppm) and three (10, 1000, 10,000 ppm) different concentrations of methanolic extract prepared from C. ciliaris, P. monspeliansis, and D. annulatum were used respectively for root inhibition and seed germination essay. Furthermore, three different concentrations (10, 30, 50 mg) of plant fine powder were used for sandwich method test. There was a significant decline in the growth rate of experimental model radish seeds (P > 0.005), and results from sandwich method tests showed suppressed growth of root hairs, inhibiting the anchoring of the radish seed. In comparison, results manifest that; P. monspeliansis indicated an upsurge of inhibition (66.58% at 10,000 ppm), D. annulatum revealed soar germination (75.86% in controlled conditions), and C. ciliaris exhibited dramatic shoot up of inhibition because of sandwich method test (14.02% at 50 mg). In conclusion, although grasses are toxic, it is important to consider the beneficiary account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Jabeen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 42100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fraz Ali
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Atta Mohi Ud Din
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | | | - Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 42100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mehdi Rahimi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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Ahmed J, Qadir G, Ansar M, Wattoo FM, Javed T, Ali B, Marc RA, Rahimi M. Shattering and yield expression of sesame (Sesamum indicum L) genotypes influenced by paclobutrazol concentration under rainfed conditions of Pothwar. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:137. [PMID: 36907856 PMCID: PMC10009968 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed shattering is a critical challenge that significantly reduces sesame production by 50%. These shattering losses can be reduced by selecting shattering resistant genotypes or by incorporating modern agronomic management such as paclobutrazol, which can boost productivity and prevent seed shattering in sesame. Two-years of field trials were conducted to examine the effect of sesame genotypes, environment, and paclobutrazol (PBZ) concentrations. Twelve sesame genotypes were used in a four-way factorial RCBD with three replications and five PBZ concentrations (T0 = Control; T1 = 150; T2 = 300; T3 = 450; and T4 = 600 mg L- 1) under rainfed conditions of Pothwar. The findings revealed significant variations in the major effects of all examined variables (genotypes, locations, years, and PBZ levels). Sesame genotypes PI-154304 and PI-175907 had the highest plant height, number of capsule plant- 1, seed capsule- 1, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, and seed yield, while also having the lowest seed losses and shattering percentage. Regarding environments, NARC-Islamabad generated the highest plant height, number of capsule plant- 1, shattering percentage, and biological yield; however, the URF-Koont produced the highest seed yield with the lowest shattering percentage. Additionally, plant height, capsules plant- 1, and biological yield were higher in 2021, while seed capsule- 1, 1000 seed weight, seed losses, shattering percentage, and seed yield were higher in 2020. PBZ concentration affected all measured parameters; plant height and number of seed capsule- 1 decreased with increasing PBZ concentrations. 450 mg L- 1 PBZ concentration generated the highest biomass, number of capsules plant- 1, and seed yield. At the same time, PBZ concentration 600 mg L- 1 generated the smallest plant, the lowest seed capsules- 1, the greatest thousand seed weight, and the lowest shattering percentage. The study concluded that paclobutrazol could dramatically reduce shattering percentage and shattering losses while increasing economic returns through better productivity. Based on the findings, the genotypes PI-154304 and PI-175907 with paclobutrazol level 450 mgL- 1 may be suggested for cultivation in Pothwar farming community under rainfed conditions, as they showed promising shattering resistance as well as enhanced growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS – Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Qadir
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS – Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS – Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Fahad Masoud Wattoo
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, PMAS – Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 CaleaMănă̧stur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mehdi Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Sun Y, Ma L, Ma J, Li B, Zhu Y, Chen F. Combined application of plant growth-promoting bacteria and iron oxide nanoparticles ameliorates the toxic effects of arsenic in Ajwain ( Trachyspermum ammi L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1098755. [PMID: 36643291 PMCID: PMC9832315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1098755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as arsenic (As)] is becoming a serious global problem because of the rapid development of the social economy. Although plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and nanoparticles (NPs) are the major protectants to alleviate metal toxicity, the study of these chemicals in combination to ameliorate the toxic effects of As is limited. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of different levels of Providencia vermicola (5 ppm and 10 ppm) and iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) (50 mg/l-1 and 100 mg/l-1) on plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, oxidative stress and response of antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), and their specific gene expression, sugars, nutritional status of the plant, organic acid exudation pattern As accumulation from the different parts of the plants, and electron microscopy under the soil, which was spiked with different levels of As [0 μM (i.e., no As), 50 μM, and 100 μM] in Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seedlings. Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (p< 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, sugars, and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants, and destroyed the ultra-structure of membrane-bound organelles. In contrast, increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (p< 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, and also increased organic acid exudation patter in the roots of T. ammi seedlings. The negative impact of As toxicity can overcome the application of PGPB (P. vermicola) and FeO-NPs, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species, and decreased oxidative stress in T. ammi seedlings by decreasing the As contents in the roots and shoots of the plants. Our results also showed that the FeO-NPs were more sever and showed better results when we compared with PGPB (P. vermicola) under the same treatment of As in the soil. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the combined application of P. vermicola and FeO-NPs can ameliorate As toxicity in T. ammi seedlings, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress, as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bingkun Li
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Afridi MS, Ali S, Salam A, César Terra W, Hafeez A, Ali B, S AlTami M, Ameen F, Ercisli S, Marc RA, Medeiros FHV, Karunakaran R. Plant Microbiome Engineering: Hopes or Hypes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121782. [PMID: 36552290 PMCID: PMC9774975 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbiome is a dynamic and complex zone of microbial communities. This complex plant-associated microbial community, usually regarded as the plant's second genome, plays a crucial role in plant health. It is unquestioned that plant microbiome collectively contributes to plant growth and fitness. It also provides a safeguard from plant pathogens, and induces tolerance in the host against abiotic stressors. The revolution in omics, gene-editing and sequencing tools have somehow led to unravel the compositions and latent interactions between plants and microbes. Similarly, besides standard practices, many biotechnological, (bio)chemical and ecological methods have also been proposed. Such platforms have been solely dedicated to engineer the complex microbiome by untangling the potential barriers, and to achieve better agriculture output. Yet, several limitations, for example, the biological obstacles, abiotic constraints and molecular tools that capably impact plant microbiome engineering and functionality, remained unaddressed problems. In this review, we provide a holistic overview of plant microbiome composition, complexities, and major challenges in plant microbiome engineering. Then, we unearthed all inevitable abiotic factors that serve as bottlenecks by discouraging plant microbiome engineering and functionality. Lastly, by exploring the inherent role of micro/macrofauna, we propose economic and eco-friendly strategies that could be harnessed sustainably and biotechnologically for resilient plant microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Abdul Salam
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Willian César Terra
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Aqsa Hafeez
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mona S AlTami
- Biology Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Burydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănă ̧stur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flavio H V Medeiros
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Rohini Karunakaran
- Unit of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
- Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), SIMATS, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Science, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
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