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Manzoor M, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Gillani SW, Shaheen H, Pieroni A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Saqib S, Makhkamov T, Khaydarov K. Correction: The local medicinal plant knowledge in Kashmir Western Himalaya: a way to foster ecological transition via community-centred health seeking strategies. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2024; 20:19. [PMID: 38374094 PMCID: PMC10877837 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Manzoor
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hamayun Shaheen
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences Pizza V. Emanuele II, 12042, Pollenzo, Bra, Italy
- Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Erbil, 44001, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saddam Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Trobjon Makhkamov
- Department of Forestry and Landscape Design, Tashkent State Agrarian University, 2 A., Universitet Str., Kibray District, 100700, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
| | - Khislat Khaydarov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
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Dawar K, Dawar A, Tariq M, Mian IA, Muhammad A, Farid L, Khan S, Khan K, Fahad S, Danish S, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Tahzeeb-Ul-Hassan M. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) through Ammonia volatilization mitigation and nitrogen management approaches. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:74. [PMID: 38279107 PMCID: PMC10821210 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Management of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is a critical factor that can improve maize (Zea mays L.) production. On the other hand, high volatilization losses of N also pollute the air. A field experiment was established using a silt clay soil to examine the effect of sulfur-coated urea and sulfur from gypsum on ammonia (NH3) emission, N use efficiency (NUE), and the productivity of maize crop under alkaline calcareous soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with seven treatments in three replicates: control with no N, urea150 alone (150 kg N ha-1), urea200 alone (200 kg N ha-1), urea150 + S (60 kg ha-1 S from gypsum), urea200 + S, SCU150 (sulfur-coated urea) and SCU200. The results showed that the urea150 + S and urea200 + S significantly reduced the total NH3 by (58 and 42%) as compared with the sole application urea200. The NH3 emission reduced further in the treatment with SCU150 and SCU200 by 74 and 65%, respectively, compared to the treatment with urea200. The maize plant biomass, grain yield, and total N uptake enhanced by 5-14%, 4-17%, and 7-13, respectively, in the treatments with urea150 + s and urea200 + S, relative to the treatment with urea200 alone. Biomass, grain yield, and total N uptake further increased significantly by 22-30%, 25-28%, and 26-31%, respectively, in the treatments with SCU150 and SCU200, relative to the treatment with urea200 alone. The applications of SCU150 enhanced the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by (72%) and SCU200 by (62%) respectively, compared with the sole application of urea200 alone. In conclusion, applying S-coated urea at a lower rate of 150 kg N ha-1 compared with a higher rate of 200 kg N ha-1 may be an effective way to reduce N fertilizer application rate and mitigate NH3 emission, improve NUE, and increase maize yield. More investigations are suggested under different soil textures and climatic conditions to declare S-coated urea at 150 kg N ha-1 as the best application rate for maize to enhance maize growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadim Dawar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Atif Dawar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Ahmad Mian
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asim Muhammad
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Laiba Farid
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shadman Khan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Khan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Elshafey N, Mansour MA, Hamedo HA, Elnosary ME, Hagagy N, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi A, María Martínez-Espinosa R. Phylogeny and functional diversity of halophilic microbial communities from a thalasso environment. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103841. [PMID: 38020223 PMCID: PMC10679952 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The El-Rawda solar saltern, located in North Sinai, Egypt, is formed through the process of water evaporation from the Bradawil lagoon. This evaporation leads to the precipitation of gypsum, halite minerals, and salt flats, which subsequently cover the southern and eastern areas of the lagoon. This study employed the shotgun metagenomic approach, the illumine platform, and bioinformatic tools to investigate the taxonomic composition and functional diversity of halophilic microbial communities in solar saltern. The metagenomic reads obtained from the brine sample exhibited a greater count compared to those from the sediment sample. Notably, the brine sample was primarily characterized by an abundance of archaea, while the sediment sample displayed a dominant abundance of bacteria. Both samples exhibited a relatively low abundance of eukaryotes, while viruses were only found in the brine sample. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of functional pathways showed many important processes related to central metabolism and protein processing in brine and sediment samples. In brief, this research makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of very halophilic ecosystems in Egypt, providing insights into their microbial biodiversity and functional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Elshafey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A.I. Mansour
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Hend A. Hamedo
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Elnosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Hagagy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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Manzoor M, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Gillani SW, Shaheen H, Pieroni A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Saqib S, Makhkamov T, Khaydarov K. The local medicinal plant knowledge in Kashmir Western Himalaya: a way to foster ecological transition via community-centred health seeking strategies. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2023; 19:56. [PMID: 38037066 PMCID: PMC10688143 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mountainous region of Kashmir is a biodiversity hotspot, with diverse local communities and a rich cultural history linked to nature. Mountain ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate change. This study emphasises the need to record the indigenous ethnoecological knowledge of wild plants used for the treatment of various ailments at higher elevations in remote areas where globalisation poses a threat to this traditional knowledge. METHODS The field survey was carried out in 2020-2022, to collect data on wild medicinal plants. Informants were selected randomly to collect indigenous medicinal knowledge using semi-structured interviews and group discussions. Various quantitative indices were employed to evaluate ethnomedicinal data. RESULTS A total of 110 medicinal plants belonging to 49 families were recorded in the study area. These medicinal plants are extensively used by local communities for the treatment of 20 major disease categories. Asteraceae was the dominant family contributing (9.09%) to medicinal plants, followed by Polygonaceae (8.18%), Apiaceae (7.27%), Lamiaceae (5.45%), and Ranunculaceae (5.45%). We observed 166 remedies were used for the treatment of various diseases in humans, and 9 remedies were used for animals. The most frequently used medicinal remedy was tea or decoction (30.91%). Among the medicinal plants, herbs (85.5%) were most frequently used by the local populations of Kashmir, whereas leaves (10.26%) were used for the treatment of various ailments. Out of 110 species, 31 were endemic, 15 of which are endemic to the Kashmir region and 16 to the Western Himalaya. The highest RFC value was reported for Allium humile (0.77), the highest UV value for Fritillaria cirrhosa (1.33), and the highest ICF value for gastro-intestinal/digestive disorders (0.85). CONCLUSIONS Local communities still rely on wild medicinal plants for primary healthcare. These communities retained valuable indigenous knowledge, which needs to be preserved for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of natural resources. Further field exploration is required to fully explore indigenous knowledge in the mountainous regions of Kashmir, and this knowledge has the potential to support the ongoing ecological transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Manzoor
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hamayun Shaheen
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences Pizza V. Emanuele II, 12042, Pollenzo, Bra, Italy
- Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Erbil, 44001, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saddam Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Trobjon Makhkamov
- Department of Forestry and Landscape Design, Tashkent State Agrarian University, 2 A., Universitet Str., Kibray District, 100700, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
| | - Khislat Khaydarov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
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Shumaila, Ullah S, Shah W, Hafeez A, Ali B, Khan S, Ercisli S, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS. Biochar and Seed Priming Technique with Gallic Acid: An Approach toward Improving Morpho-Anatomical and Physiological Features of Solanum melongena L. under Induced NaCl and Boron Stresses. ACS Omega 2023; 8:28207-28232. [PMID: 38173954 PMCID: PMC10763624 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic shifts in climatic patterns increase soil salinity and boron levels, which are the major abiotic factors that affect plant growth and secondary metabolism. The present study assessed the role of growth regulators, including biochar (5 g kg-1) and gallic acid (GA, 2 mM), in altering leaf morpho-anatomical and physiological responses of Solanum melongena L. exposed to boron (25 mg kg-1) and salinity stresses (150 mM NaCl). These growth regulators enhanced leaf fresh weight (LFW) (70%), leaf dry weight (LDW) (20%), leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI) (85%), leaf moisture content (LMC) (98%), and relative water content (RWC) (115%) under salinity and boron stresses. Physiological attributes were analyzed to determine the stress levels and antioxidant protection. Photosynthetic pigments were negatively affected by salinity and boron stresses along with a nonsignificant reduction in trehalose, GA, osmoprotectant, and catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. These parameters were improved by biochar application to soil and presoaking seeds in GA (p < 0.05) in both varieties of S. melongena L. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy revealed that application of biochar and GA improved the stomatal regulation, trichome density, epidermal vigor, stomata size (SS) (13 381 μm), stomata index (SI) (354 mm2), upper epidermis thickness (UET) (123 μm), lower epidermis thickness (LET) (153 μm), cuticle thickness (CT) (11.4 μm), trichome density (TD) (23 per mm2), vein islet number (VIN) (14 per mm2), vein termination number (VTN) (19 per mm2), midrib thickness (MT) (5546 μm), and TD (27.4 mm2) under salinity and boron stresses. These results indicate that the use of inexpensive and easily available biochar and seed priming with GA can improve morpho-anatomical and physiological responses of S. melongena L. under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Wadood Shah
- Biological
Sciences Research Division, Pakistan Forest
Institute, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Hafeez
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Khan
- Crops,
Environment and Land Use Programme, Crop Science Department, Teagasc, Carlow R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk
Universitesi, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- HGF
Agro, Ata Teknokent, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Sarwar G, Anwar T, Chaudhary MS, Jamil M, Kamal A, Mustafa AEZMA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Ullah F, Zaman W. Study of Comparative Morphology of Eight Cultivated Genotypes of Olea europaea L. Horticulturae 2023; 9:696. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9060696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to assess the comparative morphology of eight olive cultivars with different geographical origins and diverse genetic backgrounds, introduced to a new climatic zone. The morphological parameters of eight (five exotic and three domestic) olive cultivars (Bari Zaitoon-1, Bari Zaitoon-2, Favolosa (FS-17), Koroneiki, Balkasar, Ottobratica, Leccino, and Arbequina) were compared at the experimental area of the Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan (29°24′0″ North, 71°41′0″ East, 401–421 feet above sea level). Plant height, number of leaves/15 cm shoot, leaf size characteristics (leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and length/width ratio), leaf shape characteristics (margin, leaf axil, base, and apex angles), leaf pigments (Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll contents, and carotenoids), phyllotaxy, and leaf color and venation were recorded. The highest plant height (28 cm) was obtained by Bari Zaitoon-2 followed by Bari Zaitoon-1 (24 cm), both of which are domestic cultivar of Pakistan, while the shortest height (5 cm) was obtained by Koroneiki. Leccino displayed the highest average number of leaves (17.8) on main shoot, followed by BARI-2 (16.4) and the lowest score was from Balkasar (10.4). Leaf area ranged from 5.66 cm2 (Bari Zaitoon-1) to 3.08 cm2 (Koroneiki). The longest leaf length (5.74 cm) was found in Bari Zaitoon-1 and the shortest (4.04 cm) in Koroneiki, while the broadest leaves were found in Leccino (1.54 cm) and the narrowest (1.12 cm) in Koroneiki. Bari Zaitoon-2 led in leaf length to width ratio (4.058) followed by Bari Zaitoon-1 (3.772) with small lanceolate leaves hardly reaching the value of 4, with the lowest value illustrated by Leccino. The total chloroplast pigments were highest in FS-17 followed by Bari Zaitoon-1 and Bari Zaitoon-2, while the lowest was in Arbequina. Chlorophyll a was highest in Bari Zaitoon-1 followed by FS-17 and Balkasar, with the lowest rate in Arbequina. Chlorophyll b content of FS-17 was the highest whereas the Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents in Arbequina were the lowest of all the cultivars. The highest value of total carotenoids was found in Balkasar followed by FS-17 with the lowest value in Arbequina. The phyllotaxy was categorized into three types, i.e., alternate, opposite, and whorled. The combination of two or more types was usually observed on the same branch. The whorl of four leaves was also present in rare cases. Leaf venation was both pinnate and reticulate. The leaf base of most (four) of the olive cultivars, i.e., Arbequina, Balkasar, Leccino and FS-17, were cuneate having acute, rounded, apiculate, and cuspidate leaf tips, respectively. The findings revealed remarkable variations in olive morphology, especially in the leaves and a successful record of the preliminary data of olive cultivars from the study area was made. The present research demonstrated that local olive cultivars have unique characteristics that differentiate them from imported cultivars. Thus, local cultivars provide novel genetic resources that should be conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Sarwar
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Anwar
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Moazzam Jamil
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Asif Kamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Kamran M, Saleem MH, Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Hemaid FM, Elshikh MS, Zhao S, Riaz M. Potential application of melatonin in reducing boron toxicity in rice seedlings through improved growth, cell wall composition, proline, and defense mechanisms. Chemosphere 2023:139068. [PMID: 37257660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) has been demonstrated to provide defense against both biotic and abiotic stressors. Boron toxicity (BT) can significantly limit the growth and production of plants. However, few studies have been conducted on whether MT is effective in attenuating B toxicity in different plants. In order to evaluate the efficacy of exogenous MT treatment in reducing the negative impact of BT on rice seedlings, this study examined the influence of MT on growth, antioxidant capacity, cell wall composition, and proline metabolism in rice seedlings under hydroponics. Four treatments were established: MT (50 μM), MT + BT (50 μM MT + 800 μM B), BT (800 μM), and CK (control) in a completely randomized design. The results indicate that BT had a significant detrimental effect on the shoot length, root length, and root and shoot fresh weights of rice seedlings by 11.96%, 27.77%, 25.69%, and 18.67%, respectively as compared to the control treatment. However, exogenous MT application increased these parameters and reduced B accumulation in aboveground parts (14.05%) of the plant. Exogenous MT also increased the endogenous melatonin content and antioxidant enzyme activities (64.45%, 71.61%, 237.64%, and 55.42% increase in superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase activities, respectively), while decreasing reactive oxygen species levels and oxidized forms of glutathione and ascorbic acid. Additionally, MT enhanced the biosynthesis of proline by decreasing proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) and increasing the GSH (glutathione) and ASA (ascorbic acid) contents. Exogenous MT also increased cell wall components that can increase B adsorption to the cell wall. Overall, these findings suggest that MT application can be a potential solution for strengthening the stress tolerance of rice seedlings, particularly under conditions of B toxicity. In regions where soil contains high levels of boron, the use of MT could enhance rice crop yields and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaopeng Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China.
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Amin M, Aziz MA, Pieroni A, Nazir A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Kangal A, Ahmad K, Abbasi AM. Edible wild plant species used by different linguistic groups of Kohistan Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2023; 19:6. [PMID: 36782205 PMCID: PMC9923922 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mountainous territory of Kohistan shelters diverse food plant species and is considered one of the important hotspots of local plant knowledge. In the era of globalization and food commodification, wild food plants (WFPs) play an important role in supporting local food systems and related local knowledge is one of the important pillars of food sustainability across the region. Since the area is populated by different cultural groups and each culture has retained particular knowledge on the local plant species, therefore, to make a cross-culturally comparison, the study was planned to record and compare the local plants knowledge among three linguistic groups viz Gujjar, Kohistani and Shina in order to not only protect the local knowledge but to determine the food cultural adaptations among these groups looking through the lens of their food ethnobotanies. METHODS Field ethnobotanical survey was carried out in 2020-2021 to gather the data on wild food plants. We used semi-structured interviews. Use reports were counted, and the results were visualized through Venn diagrams. RESULTS In total, 64 plant species belonging to 45 botanical families were documented. Among these Ajuga integrifolia, Barbarea verna, Clematis grata, Impatiens edgeworthii, Ranunculus laetus (vegetables), Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana (fruit), Indigofera tinctoria (flower), Juniperus excelsa, Primula elliptica, P. macrophylla (flavoring agent), Leontopodium himalayanum (Chewing gum), and Juniperus excelsa (snuff) were reported for the first time. The highest use reports (≥ 90) were recorded for Mentha longifolia, Amaranthus hybridus, Quercus semecarpifolia, Solanum miniatum, Oxalis corniculata, Ficus palmata, and Urtica dioica. Maximum number of wild food plant species (WFPs) were reported by Kohistani, followed by Shinaki and Gujjari linguistic groups. The percentage overlap of traditional knowledge on WFPs was highest among Kohistani and Shinaki (56.0%), followed by Shinaki and Gujjars (17.0%), and Kohistani and Gujjars (15.0%). Kohistani and Shinaki groups exhibited maximum homogeneity in traditional knowledge. However, Gujjars had more knowledge on WFPs compared to Kohistani and Shinaki. In addition, some dairy products viz. Bhorus, Bagora, Bak, Cholam, Kacha, Gurloo and Poyeen were reported also reported that are consumed orally and used in traditional cuisines. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that Kohistan is one of the important spots of biocultural diversity and could be recognized as biocultural refugia. WFPs have been an integral part of the traditional food systems among the studied groups, particularly the Gujjars have reported more distinct plant uses which could be referred to their distinctive ecological experiences among others. However, social change is one of the challenges that might lead to the erosion of local plant knowledge. Moreover, intercultural negotiations among the studied groups are also a matter of concern which could homogenize the local knowledge among them. Therefore, we suggest solid policy measures to protect the local knowledge and celebrate diversity across this mountain territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Aziz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences of Pollenzo, Piazza V. Emanuele II, 12042, Bra/Pollenzo, Italy
- Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Kurdistan, Erbil, 4401, Iraq
| | - Abdul Nazir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleyna Kangal
- School of Arts and Sciences, New Brunswick-Piscataway Area Campus of Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Khalid Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
- University of Gastronomic Sciences of Pollenzo, Piazza V. Emanuele II, 12042, Bra/Pollenzo, Italy.
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9
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Zehra A, Aamir M, Dubey MK, Akhtar Ansari W, Meena M, Swapnil P, Upadhyay R, Ajmal Ali M, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi A, Lee J. Enhanced protection of tomato against Fusarium wilt through biopriming with Trichoderma harzianum. Journal of King Saud University - Science 2023; 35:102466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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10
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Aljowaie RM, Andleeb S, Kangal A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Rehman KU, Javed R, Mahmood A, Eisa YH. Prospect of herbal medication as prevention against COVID variants. J King Saud Univ Sci 2023; 35:102360. [PMID: 36249917 PMCID: PMC9550285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Personal immunity frolicked an essential role in combating COVID-19 impacts on human health individually and collectively in community. Literature represented the fact about food or nutritional supplements are certified to protect against diseases; this was the reason behind public trust on certain plants and other commercial products to boost up immunity against coronavirus disease. Present study was conducted to observe the attitude of common public towards natural herbs in treating various diseases and to assess the possible potential of herbal medication in prevention of negative impacts of different variants of COVID-19 on human health at herbal clinic named "Pakistan Matab". Results concluded that most of the patients (About 80%) avoided COVID-19 testing even on experiencing major symptoms and they preferred herbal medication. Patients who died by COVID-19 were also experiencing different diseases like liver and Kideny malfunctioning; old age was another significant factor in this case. About 90% of patients were COVID symptomatic and 10% were carrying other diseases during observational study period at herbal clinic. Study represented that patients who visited clinic, have a faith on herbal medication with about 60% of patients in favor of vaccine and allopathic medication in combination with herbal treatment. Study investigated that vaccine was only for one type of variant and use of herbal medicines could be better option to boost up immunity against various COVID variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Aljowaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahla Andleeb
- Department of Environmental Sciences, GC Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Aleyna Kangal
- School of Arts and Sciences, New Brunswick-Piscataway Area Campus of Rutgers University, USA
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, GC Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Javed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, GC Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, GC Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Yasmine Hamdy Eisa
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
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11
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Zahoor I, Anjum N, Ganaie TA, Allai FM, Al-Ghamdi AA, Abbasi AM, Wani SA. Effect of hybrid drying technique on non-traditional Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) herb: Phytochemical, antioxidant characteristics, and optimization of process conditions. Front Sustain Food Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1002396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the influence of microwave-assisted fluidized bed drying (MAFBD) on the antioxidant and phytochemical characteristics of Chicory. Microwave power, temperature, and air velocity were used as process variables varied between 180–540 W, 50–70 °C, and 15–20 m/s, respectively. The responses determined for deciding the optimal criteria were total phenolics content, ascorbic acid, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total chlorophyll, carotene content, total flavonoid content, tannin content, and saponin content of the dried chicory. Statistical analyses were done by using the response surface methodology, which showed that independent variables affected the responses to a varied extent. The design expert predicted 462.30 W microwave power, 70°C temperature, and 15 m/s air velocity as optimum conditions to obtain highest desirability for the dried chicory. Separate validation experiments were conducted, under optimum conditions, to verify the predictions and adequacy of the second-order polynomial models. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted amount of ascorbic acid content was 38.32 mg/100g DW, total phenolic content 216.42 mg/100g DW, total flavonoid content mg/100g DW, DPPH scavenging activity 36.10 μg/ml, total chlorophyll content 311.79 mg/100g, carotene content 7.30 mg/100g, tannin content 2.72 mg/100g, and saponin content 0.46 mg/100g. The investigated parameters had a significant effect on the quality of the dried chicory. Taking the aforesaid results into consideration, our study recommended MAFBD as a promising technique with minimum changes in antioxidant and phytochemical content of chicory.
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12
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Nataraj N, Chen TW, Akilarasan M, Chen SM, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS. Se substituted 2D-gC 3N 4 modified disposable screen-printed carbon electrode substrate: A bifunctional nano-catalyst for electrochemical and absorption study of hazardous fungicide. Chemosphere 2022; 302:134765. [PMID: 35500632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The indispensable usage of pesticides for the control and prevention of pests is probable and includes several types based on the problems in the crops. Among them, fungicides, are one problem-solving agent curing fungal developments. the disproportionate use of fungicides will lead to environmental deterioration and several health issues. The assessment of such fungicides is highly motivated to be detected. Under the class of two-dimensional materials, graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) with high surface area and high electrocatalytic activity was chosen as electrode material. The efficiency of GCN was improved with the subsequent substitution of selenium (Se) into the triazine ring as Se-GCN. The structural and surface analysis was done and the layered structure was proved. The electrochemical detection of CBM showed a lower detection limit at 6 nM with a linear range 0.099 μM-346.9 μM while, the absorption studies showed a LOD of 20 nM with a linear range of 0.099 μM-182.09 μM. The orange juice and vegetable extract samples had good recovery with CBM at Se-GCN modified disposable screen-printed electrode. The developed disposable electrode was more sensitive with 6.45 μAμM-1cm2 sensitivity and highly reactive with CBM. Moreover, the developed sensor will be more effective in sensing applications to avoid the menace generated by several agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Nataraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Muthumariappan Akilarasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Khaliq A, Li WF, Ali S, Shah ST, Ma ZH, Mao J, Niaz Y, Chen BH, Haq IU, Al-Yahyai R, Ahmed MAA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Zuan ATK. Thin layer drying kinetics and quality dynamics of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) treated with preservatives and solar dried under different temperatures. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265111. [PMID: 35353819 PMCID: PMC8967049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor postharvest handling, microbial infestation, and high respiration rate are some the factors are responsible for poor storage life of perishable commodities. Therefore, effective preservation of these commodities is needed to lower the damages and extend shelf life. Preservation is regarded as the action taken to maintain desired properties of a perishable commodity as long as possible. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is perishable fruit with high nutritive value; however, has very short shelf-life. Therefore, effective preservation and drying is needed to extend its storage life. Drying temperature and preservatives significantly influence the quality of perishable vegetables and fruits during drying. The current study investigated the effect of different temperatures and preservatives on drying kinetics and organoleptic quality attributes of persimmon. Persimmon fruits were treated with preservatives (25% honey, 25% aloe vera, 2% sodium benzoate, 1% potassium metabisulfite, and 2% citric acid solutions) under different drying temperatures (40, 45, and 50°C). All observed parameters were significantly affected by individual effects of temperatures and preservatives, except ash contents. Similarly, interactive effects were significant for all parameters except total soluble sugars, ash contents, and vitamin C. Generally, fruits treated with citric acid and dried under 50°C had 8.2% moisture loss hour-1, 14.9 drying hours, 0.030 g H2O g-1 hr-1, 1.23° Brix of total soluble solids, 6.71 pH, 1.35% acidity, and 6.3 mg vitamin C. These values were better than the rest of the preservatives and drying temperatures used in the study. Therefore, treating fruits with citric acid and drying at 50°C was found a promising technique to extend storage life of persimmon fruits. It is recommended that persimmon fruits dried at 50°C and preserved in citric acid can be used for longer storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khaliq
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Wen-Fang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shahbaz Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (STS); (SA); (BHC); (ATKZ)
| | - Syed Tanveer Shah
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (STS); (SA); (BHC); (ATKZ)
| | - Zong-Huan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yasir Niaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Bai-Hong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail: (STS); (SA); (BHC); (ATKZ)
| | - Inzamam Ul Haq
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Crop Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rashid Al-Yahyai
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Crop Science, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed A. A. Ahmed
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture—Medicinal and Aromatic Plants), Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (STS); (SA); (BHC); (ATKZ)
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14
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Ahmad MZ, Ahmad HI, Gul A, Shah Z, Ahmad B, Ahmed S, Al-Ghamdi AA, S. Elshikh M, Jamil A, Nasir JA, Dvořáčková H, Dvořáček J. Genome-wide analysis of sucrose synthase family in soybean and their expression in response to abiotic stress and seed development. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264269. [PMID: 35213642 PMCID: PMC8880960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The sucrose synthase (SS) is an important enzyme family which play a vital role in sugar metabolism to improve the fruit quality of the plants. In many plant species, the members of SS family have been investigated but the detailed information is not available in legumes particularly and Glycine max specifically. In the present study, we found thirteen SS members (GmSS1-GmSS13) in G. max genome. High conserved regions were present in the GmSS sequences that may due to the selection pressure during evolutionary events. The segmental duplication was the major factor to increase the number of GmSS family members. The identified thirteen GmSS genes were divided into Class I, Class II and Class III with variable numbers of genes in each class. The protein interaction of GmSS gave the co-expression of sucrose synthase with glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase while SLAC and REL test found number of positive sites in the coding sequences of SS family members. All the GmSS family members except GmSS7 and few of class III members, were highly expressed in all the soybean tissues. The expression of the class I members decreased during seed development, whireas, the class II members expression increased during the seed developing, may involve in sugar metabolism during seed development. Solexa sequencing libraries of acidic condition (pH 4.2) stress samples showed that the expression of class I GmSS genes increased 1- to 2-folds in treated samples than control. The differential expression pattern was observed between the members of a paralogous. This study provides detailed genome-wide analysis of GmSS family in soybean that will provide new insights for future evolutionary and soybean breeding to improve the plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Gul
- Department of Statistics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zamarud Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Institute de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Jamil
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, D.I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Abdul Nasir
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Helena Dvořáčková
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Khan S, Ibrar D, Bashir S, Rashid N, Hasnain Z, Nawaz M, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Dvořáčková H, Dvořáček J. Application of Moringa Leaf Extract as a Seed Priming Agent Enhances Growth and Physiological Attributes of Rice Seedlings Cultivated under Water Deficit Regime. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11030261. [PMID: 35161240 PMCID: PMC8839932 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Population growth, food shortages, climate change and water scarcity are some of the frightening challenges being confronted in today's world. Water deficit or drought stress has been considered a severe limitation for the productivity of rice, a widely popular nutritive cereal crop and the staple food of a large portion of the population. A key stage in crop growth is seed emergence, which is mostly constrained by abiotic elements such as high temperatures, soil crusting and low water potential, which are responsible for poor stand establishment. Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment of seeds that primes them to a physiological state that allows them to emerge more proficiently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of leaf extracts from local and exotic moringa landraces as seed priming agents in rice cultivated under water deficit (75% field capacity) and control conditions (100% field capacity). Rice seeds were placed in an aerated solution of moringa leaf extract (MLE) at 3% from three obtained landraces (Faisalabad, Multan and an exotic landrace of India). The results obtained from the experimentation show that the water deficit regime adversely affected the studied indicators including emergence and growth attributes as well as physiological parameters. Among the priming agents, MLE from the Faisalabad landrace significantly improved the speed and spread of emergence of rice seedlings (time to start emergence at 23%, emergence index at 75%, mean emergence time at 3.58% and final emergence percentage at 46%). All the priming agents enhanced the growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters and antioxidant activities, particularly under the water deficit regime, but the maximum improvement was recorded by the MLE from the Faisalabad landrace. Therefore, the MLE of the Faisalabad landrace can be productively used to boost the seedling establishment and growth of rice grown under normal and water deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Khan
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Danish Ibrar
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan;
| | - Saqib Bashir
- Department of Soil & Environmental Science, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Nabila Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Zuhair Hasnain
- Department of Agronomy, PMA-Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64000, Pakistan;
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-G.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-G.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Helena Dvořáčková
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Dvořáček
- Pedologiejh, spol s.r.o, Podstránská 692/71, 627 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Riaz M, Zhao S, Kamran M, Ur Rehman N, Mora-Poblete F, Maldonado C, Hamzah Saleem M, Parveen A, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi A, Al-Hemaid FM, Ali S, Elshikh MS. Effect of nano-silicon on the regulation of ascorbate-glutathione contents, antioxidant defense system and growth of copper stressed wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:986991. [PMID: 36311131 PMCID: PMC9613113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.986991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu2+) toxicity can inhibit plant growth and development. It has been shown that silicon (Si) can relieve Cu2+ stress. However, it is unclear how Si-nanoparticles (SiNPs) relieve Cu2+ stress in wheat seedlings. Therefore, the current study was conducted by setting up four treatments: CK, SiNP: (2.5 mM), Cu2+: (500 µM), and SiNP+Cu2+: (2.5 mM SiNP+500 µM Cu2+) to explore whether SiNPs can alleviate Cu2+ toxicity in wheat seedlings. The results showed that Cu2+ stress hampered root and shoot growth and accumulated high Cu2+ concentrations in roots (45.35 mg/kg) and shoots (25.70 mg/kg) of wheat as compared to control treatment. Moreover, Cu2+ treatment inhibited photosynthetic traits and chlorophyll contents as well as disturbed the antioxidant defense system by accumulating malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxidase (H2O2) contents. However, SiNPs treatment increased root length and shoot height by 15.1% and 22%, respectively, under Cu2+ toxicity. Moreover, SiNPs application decreased MDA and H2O2 contents by 31.25% and 19.25%, respectively. SiNPs increased non-enzymatic compounds such as ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) activities by 77.5%, 141.7%, 68%, and 80%, respectively. Furthermore, SiNPs decreased Cu2+ concentrations in shoots by 26.2%, as compared to Cu2+ treatment alone. The results concluded that SiNPs could alleviate Cu2+ stress in wheat seedlings. The present investigation may help to increase wheat production in Cu2+ contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaopeng Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaopeng Zhao, ; Carlos Maldonado,
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Naveed Ur Rehman
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Carlos Maldonado
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Shaopeng Zhao, ; Carlos Maldonado,
| | | | - Aasma Parveen
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M. Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Ma J, Ali S, Saleem MH, Mumtaz S, Yasin G, Ali B, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Vodnar DC, Marc RA, Rehman A, Khan MN, Chen F, Ali S. Short-term responses of Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) to the individual and combinatorial effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and silicon in the soil contaminated by boron. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:983156. [PMID: 36212291 PMCID: PMC9540599 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.983156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
While of lesser prevalence than boron (B) deficient soils, B-rich soils are important to study as they can cause B toxicity in the field and subsequently decrease crop yields in different regions of the world. We have conducted the present study to examine the role of the individual or combined application of silicon (Si) and NPK fertilizer in B-stressed spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.). S. oleracea seedlings were subjected to different NPK fertilizers, namely, low NPK (30 kg ha-2) and normal NPK (60 kg ha-2)], which were also supplemented by Si (3 mmol L-1), for varying levels of B in the soil i.e., 0, 250, and 500 mg kg-1. Our results illustrated that the increasing levels of B in the soil caused a substantial decrease in the plant height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, magnesium content in the roots, magnesium contents in the shoots, phosphorus content in the roots, phosphorus content in the leaves in the shoots, iron content in the roots, iron content in the shoots, calcium content in the roots, and calcium content in the shoots. However, B toxicity in the soil increased the concentration of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage which were also manifested by the increasing activities of enzymatic [superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)], and non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin content). B toxicity in the soil further increased the concentration of organic acids in the roots such as oxalic acid, malic acid, formic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and fumaric acid. The addition of Si and fertilizer levels in the soil significantly alleviated B toxicity effects on S. oleracea by improving photosynthetic capacity and ultimately plant growth. The increased activity of antioxidant enzymes in Si and NPK-treated plants seems to play a role in capturing stress-induced reactive oxygen species, as was evident from the lower levels of oxidative stress indicators, organic acid exudation, and B concentration in the roots and shoots of Si and NPK-treated plants. Research findings, therefore, suggested that the Si and NPK application can ameliorate B toxicity in S. oleracea seedlings and result in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress as depicted by the balanced exudation of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Hamzah Saleem,
| | - Sahar Mumtaz
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dan C. Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Dan C. Vodnar,
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Romina Alina Marc,
| | - Abdur Rehman
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nauman Khan
- Biology Laboratory, Agriculture University Public School and College (AUPS&C) for Boys, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung City, Taiwan
- Shafaqat Ali,
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18
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Haider MW, Nafees M, Ahmad I, Ali B, Iqbal R, Vodnar DC, Marc RA, Kamran M, Saleem MH, Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Hemaid FM, Elshikh MS. Postharvest dormancy-related changes of endogenous hormones in relation to different dormancy-breaking methods of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:945256. [PMID: 36035674 PMCID: PMC9399798 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.945256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Development of an efficient and eco-friendly technique to break tuber dormancy in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is highly demanded due to the production of two or more crops annually. Several physiological and hormonal changes have been found to be related to the breaking of tuber dormancy; however, their consistency with genotypes and different protocols have not been well clarified. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of four dormancy-breaking methods, that is, plant growth regulator (PGR) dipping in 30, 60, or 90 mgL-1 benzyl amino purine (BAP) and 10, 20, or 30 mgL-1 gibberellic acids (GA3) alone and in the combination of optimized concentrations; electric current application at 20, 40, 60, or 80 Vs; cold pre-treatment at 2, 4, or 6 °C; irradiation at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, or 3.5 kGy. In addition, changes in endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin (ZT), and gibberellin A1 (GA1) in six potato genotypes after subjecting to these methods were investigated. Overall, the highest effective method for dormancy duration was the PGR application which shortened the duration by 18 days, followed by electric current (13 days), cold pre-treatment (9 days), and then irradiation (7 days). The solution of 60 mgL-1 BAP significantly reduced the dormancy duration in all genotypes but did not have a significant effect on the sprout length. While 20 mgL-1 GA3 produced maximum sprout length with a non-significant effect on dormancy duration. The genotype × PGR interaction for dormancy duration was more pronounced in short- and medium-term dormancy genotypes than in long-term dormancy genotypes. The genotypes displayed a significant positive correlation between dormancy duration and ABA levels but exhibited a negative correlation between dormancy duration and ZT as well as GA1 levels. From the first to the third week of storage, ABA was decreased in tubers while, however, ZT and GA1 were increased. The obtained results could be useful for the postharvest storage of potato tuber and the related field of physiological investigation in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wasim Haider
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Dan C Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Hussain MI, Farooq M, Syed QA, Ishaq A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Hatamleh AA. Botany, Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Quinoa. Plants 2021; 10:plants10112258. [PMID: 34834624 PMCID: PMC8624085 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is a climate-resilient food grain crop that has gained significant importance in the last few years due to its nutritional composition, phytochemical properties and associated health benefits. Quinoa grain is enriched in amino acids, fiber, minerals, phenolics, saponins, phytosterols and vitamins. Quinoa possesses different human-health promoting biological substances and nutraceutical molecules. This review synthesizes and summarizes recent findings regarding the nutrition and phytochemical properties of quinoa grains and discusses the associated biological mechanisms. Quinoa grains and grain-based supplements are useful in treating different biological disorders of the human body. Quinoa is being promoted as an exceptionally healthy food and a gluten-free super grain. Quinoa could be used as a biomedicine due to the presence of functional compounds that may help to prevent various chronic diseases. Future research needs to explore the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical aspects of quinoa that might help to control different chronic diseases and to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh 123, Oman;
| | - Qamar Abbas Syed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Anum Ishaq
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management & Technology, Johar Town, Lahore 54770, Pakistan;
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-G.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Ashraf A. Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-G.); (A.A.H.)
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20
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Al-Ashkar I, Ibrahim A, Ghazy A, Attia K, Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Dosary MA. Assessing the correlations and selection criteria between different traits in wheat salt-tolerant genotypes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5414-5427. [PMID: 34466123 PMCID: PMC8381045 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the largest stresses blocking horizontal and vertical expansion in agricultural lands. Establishing salt-tolerant genotypes is a promising method to benefit from poor water quality and salinized lands. An integrated method was developed for accomplishing reliable and effective evaluation of traits stability of salt-tolerant wheat. The study aims were to estimate the genetic relationships between explanatory traits and shoot dry matter (SDM), and determine the traits stability under three salinity levels. Morphophysiological and biochemical traits were evaluated as selection criteria for SDM improvement in wheat for salinity tolerance. Three cultivars and three high-yielding doubled haploid lines (DHLs) were used. Three salt (NaCl) levels (control (washed sand), 7 and 14 dS m-1) were applied for 45 days (at the first signs of death in the sensitive genotypes). All morphophysiological traits gradually decreased as salinity levels increased, excluding the number of roots. Decreases were more visible in sensitive genotypes than in tolerant genotypes. All biochemical traits increased as salinity levels increased. Variance inflation factors (VIFs) and condition number exhibited multicollinearity for membrane stability index and polyphenol oxidase activity. After their removal, all VIFs were <10, thereby increasing path coefficient accuracy. Total chlorophyll content (CHL) and catalase (CAT) provided significant direct effects regarding genetic and phenotypic correlations for the three salinity levels and their interactions in path analysis on SDM, indicating their stability. CHL and CAT had high heritability (>0.60%) and genetic gain (>20%) and highly significant genetic correlation, co-heritability, and selection efficiencies for SDM. CHL and CAT could be used as selection criteria for salinity tolerance in wheat-breeding programs. The tolerated line (DHL21) with the check cultivar (Sakha 93) can be also recommended as novel genetic resource for improving salinity tolerance of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Ibrahim
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhalim Ghazy
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kotb Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Pox 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monerah A. Al-Dosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Chen F, Ma J, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Ahmad T, Malik IS, Ashfaq A, Munir M, Nazar S, Munir Z, Ejaz A, Nadeem M, Mustafa AEZMA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Alshamasi FKI, Elshikh MS. Evaluation of transfer of lead in soil plant animal system: assessment of consequences of its toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:38698-38705. [PMID: 33738732 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The instant endeavor was undertaken for determination of lead (Pb) in water, soil, forage, and cow's blood domesticated in contaminated area of heavy automobiles' exhaust in Sahiwal town of District Sargodha, Pakistan. Water samples showed that the concentration of Pb ranged from 1.14 to 0.44 mg kg-1 at all sites. It was maximum at site 5 and minimum at site 2. Soil samples showed the concentration of Pb at all sites ranged from 1.58 to 0.279 mg kg-1. It was maximum in soil where Avena sativa was grown at site 5 and was found minimum in soil where Zea mays was grown at site 2. While among samples of forage, the concentration of Pb ranges from 0.048 to 2.002 mg kg-1. The highest Pb amount was found in Brassica campestris at site 1 and the minimum was recorded in Trifolium alexandrinum at site 2. Finally, the blood samples of cow depicted that concentration of Pb ranged from 4.468 to 0.217 mg kg-1. It was the maximum at site 1 and the minimum at site 3. It is recommended that such study should be conducted in other districts for public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Ahmad
- Pakki Thatti Research and Development Farm, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
| | | | - Asma Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mudasra Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sonaina Nazar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Munir
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ejaz
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abd El Zehar M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatin K I Alshamasi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohmed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Keerthana SP, Yuvakkumar R, Ravi G, Mustafa AEZMA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Soliman Elshikh M, Velauthapillai D. PVP influence on Mn-CdS for efficient photocatalytic activity. Chemosphere 2021; 277:130346. [PMID: 33780675 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment is the most serious problem in this upcoming era. A harmful effluent like organic dyes, heavy metals, acids from industries mixed in wastewater is deteriorating the environment. To get rid of these poisonous materials and to recycle wastewater for domestic purposes, there are many steps which included photocatalytic dye degradation. PVP assisted Mn-CdS nanoparticles was prepared by novel hydrothermal technique. The characteristic behavior of pure and PVP (1% and 2%) assisted Mn-CdS samples were studied by further analysis. The structural, optical, vibrational, morphological, chemical composition behavior of synthesized pristine and surfactant induced Mn-CdS nanoparticles were analyzed. UV-Vis spectra revealed the optical behavior of the prepared pure and PVP (1% and 2%) assisted Mn-CdS samples. The bandgap obtained was 2.2, 2.06 and 1.99 eV for pure Mn-CdS, 1% PVP-Mn-CdS and 2% PVP- Mn-CdS. The narrow bandgap is one of the advantage of the material. Mn-CdS, 1% PVP-(Mn-CdS) and 2% PVP- (Mn-CdS) morphology were further investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopic studies (SEM). The surfactant (PVP) was added to enhance the morphology development and decrease agglomeration on the surface and the SEM images revealed a clear evidence for enhancement of morphology in all three samples. 2% PVP-(Mn-CdS) sample showed a good development in morphology when compared with other two samples and the best sample showed formation of nanorods below the surface of nanoparticles. Further, Mn-CdS, 1% PVP-(Mn-CdS) and 2% PVP- (Mn-CdS) was indulged to investigate the cationic degradation. The photocatalytic activities of three samples were carried out with loading different amount of the catalysts and 30 mg catalyst 2% PVP- (Mn-CdS) loaded dye solution showed a considerable degradation of methylene blue dye. The 30 mg catalyst (2% PVP-Mn-CdS) showed 98% efficiency under visible light irradiation for about 2 h. The best candidate, 30 mg catalyst (2% PVP-Mn-CdS) investigated for its reusability. The catalyst showed almost 98% of efficiency up to three cycles which confirmed the level of potential of the sample. 2% PVP-(Mn-CdS) sample would be promising candidate in wastewater treatment. It can be further utilized for removing dyes from wastewater in wastewater remediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Keerthana
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yuvakkumar
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Ravi
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dhayalan Velauthapillai
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, 5063, Norway
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Amala K, Karthi S, Ganesan R, Radhakrishnan N, Srinivasan K, Mostafa AEZMA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Alkahtani J, Elshikh MS, Senthil-Nathan S, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Krutmuang P. Bioefficacy of Epaltes divaricata (L.) n-Hexane Extracts and Their Major Metabolites against the Lepidopteran Pests Spodoptera litura (fab.) and Dengue Mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linn.). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123695. [PMID: 34204264 PMCID: PMC8234362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research investigated the chemical characterization and insecticidal activity of n-Hexane extracts of Epaltes divaricata (NH-EDx) along with their chief derivatives n-Hexadecanoic acid (n-HDa) and n-Octadecanoic acid (n-ODa) against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura. Chemical screening of NH-EDx through GC-MS analysis delivered nine major derivatives, and the maximum peak area percentage was observed in n-Hexadecanoic acid (14.63%) followed by n-Octadecadienoic acid (6.73%). The larvicidal activity of NH-EDx (1000 ppm), n-HDa (5 ppm), and n-ODa (5 ppm) against the A. aegypti and S. litura larvae showed significant mortality rate in a dose-dependent way across all the instars. The larvicidal activity was profound in the A. aegypti as compared to the S. litura across all the larval instars. The sublethal dosages of NH-EDx (500 ppm), n-HDa (2.5 ppm), and n-ODa (2.5 ppm) also showed alterations in the larval/pupal durations and adult longevity in both the insect pests. The enzyme activity revealed that the α- and β-carboxylesterase levels were decreased significantly in both the insect pests, whereas the levels of GST and CYP450 uplifted in a dose-dependent manner of NH-EDx, n-HDa, and n-ODa. Correspondingly, midgut tissues such as the epithelial layer (EL), gut lumen (GL), peritrophic matrix (Pm), and brush border membrane (BBM) were significantly altered in their morphology across both A. aegypti and S. litura against the NH-EDx and their bioactive metabolites. NH-EDx and their bioactive metabolites n-HDa and n-ODa showed significant larvicidal, growth retardant, enzyme inhibition, and midgut toxicity effects against two crucial agriculturally and medically challenging insect pest of ecological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavan Amala
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi-600 054 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Bio-Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627412 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 200 704, Korea;
| | - Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi-600 054 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Kumaraswamy Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi-600 054 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mostafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.-Z.M.A.M.); (A.A.A.-G.); (J.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.-Z.M.A.M.); (A.A.A.-G.); (J.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Jawaher Alkahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.-Z.M.A.M.); (A.A.A.-G.); (J.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.-Z.M.A.M.); (A.A.A.-G.); (J.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Bio-Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627412 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Correspondence: (S.S.-N.); (P.V.-S.); (P.K.)
| | - Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi-600 054 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Correspondence: (S.S.-N.); (P.V.-S.); (P.K.)
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai, University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.S.-N.); (P.V.-S.); (P.K.)
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Derakhshan Nejad Z, Rezania S, Jung MC, Al-Ghamdi AA, Mustafa AEZMA, Elshikh MS. Effects of fine fractions of soil organic, semi-organic, and inorganic amendments on the mitigation of heavy metal(loid)s leaching and bioavailability in a post-mining area. Chemosphere 2021; 271:129538. [PMID: 33453484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of soil amendments including biomasses (rice husk, RRH and maple leaf, RML), biochar (rice husk biochar, RHB and maple leaf biochar, MLB), and industrial by-products (red mud, RM and steel slag, SS), at two application rates (0, 1, and 2% w/w) on leaching and bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the presence of an Asteraceae (i.e., lettuce). Physicochemical properties of the soil (i.e., pH, EC, CEC, and HMs leaching) and plants were examined before and after amending. The addition of amendments significantly (p < 0.05) increased soil EC (from 100 to 180 μScm-1) and CEC (from 7.6 to 15 meq100 g-1). Soil pH from 6.7 ± 0.05 increased about 2 units with increasing in the application rate of MLB, RM, and SS, while it decreased about 0.8 units in RML amended soil. Soil amendments reduced the easily leachable fractions (exchangeable and carbonate) of HMs in the order of MLB > SS > RM > RHB. The average concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in plant roots and shoots decreased >30 wt% in biochars and industrial by-products amended soils, while biomasses mitigated As uptake in lettuce. Results demonstrated that adding maple-derived biochar combined with revegetation effectively immobilized HMs in a post-mining area beside an induce in plant growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Derakhshan Nejad
- Department of Energy Resources and Geosystem Engineering, College of Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Myung Chae Jung
- Department of Energy Resources and Geosystem Engineering, College of Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mubarik MS, Khan SH, Ahmad A, Raza A, Khan Z, Sajjad M, Sammour RHA, Mustafa AEZM, Al-Ghamdi AA, Alajmi AH, Alshamasi FKI, Elshikh MS. Controlling Geminiviruses before Transmission: Prospects. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1556. [PMID: 33198339 PMCID: PMC7697176 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted Geminiviruses cause serious diseases of crop plants in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Plants, animals, and their microbial symbionts have evolved complex ways to interact with each other that impact their life cycles. Blocking virus transmission by altering the biology of vector species, such as the whitefly, can be a potential approach to manage these devastating diseases. Virus transmission by insect vectors to plant hosts often involves bacterial endosymbionts. Molecular chaperonins of bacterial endosymbionts bind with virus particles and have a key role in the transmission of Geminiviruses. Hence, devising new approaches to obstruct virus transmission by manipulating bacterial endosymbionts before infection opens new avenues for viral disease control. The exploitation of bacterial endosymbiont within the insect vector would disrupt interactions among viruses, insects, and their bacterial endosymbionts. The study of this cooperating web could potentially decrease virus transmission and possibly represent an effective solution to control viral diseases in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Mubarik
- Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Sultan Habibullah Khan
- Centre for Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Center of Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Center of Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Lab of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Zulqurnain Khan
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (IPBB), MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Reda Helmy Ahmed Sammour
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (R.H.A.S.); (A.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (F.K.I.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Abd El-Zaher M.A. Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (R.H.A.S.); (A.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (F.K.I.A.); (M.S.E.)
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (R.H.A.S.); (A.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (F.K.I.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Amal H. Alajmi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (R.H.A.S.); (A.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (F.K.I.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Fatin K. I. Alshamasi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (R.H.A.S.); (A.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (F.K.I.A.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (R.H.A.S.); (A.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (F.K.I.A.); (M.S.E.)
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Ayaz Z, Zainab B, Khan S, Abbasi AM, Elshikh MS, Munir A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Alajmi AH, Alsubaie QD, Mustafa AEZMA. In silico authentication of amygdalin as a potent anticancer compound in the bitter kernels of family Rosaceae. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2444-2451. [PMID: 32884428 PMCID: PMC7451698 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amygdalin a naturally occurring compound, predominantly in the bitter kernels of apricot, almond, apple and other members of Rosaceae family. Though, amygdalin is used as an alternative therapy to treat various types of cancer but its role in cancer pathways has rarely been explored yet. Therefore, present study was intended with the aim to investigate the alleged anti-cancerous effects of amygdalin specifically on PI3K-AKT-mTOR and Ras pathways of cancer in human body. Computational modelling and simulation techniques were used to assess the effect of amygdalin on PI3K-AKT-mTOR and Ras pathways using different level of dosage. It was observed that amygdalin had direct and substantial contribution to regulate PI3K-mTOR activities on threshold levels while the other caner pathways were effected indirectly. Consequently, amygdalin is a down-regulator of a cancer within a specified amount and contribute considerably to reduce various types of cancer in human. Furthermore, in-vitro and in-vivo analyses of amygdalin could be of helpful to authenticate its pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Ayaz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Govt. Post Graduate College Mandian Abbottabad, Pakistan.,Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Bibi Zainab
- Department of Bioinformatics, Govt. Post Graduate College Mandian Abbottabad, Pakistan.,Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Govt. Post Graduate College Mandian Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anum Munir
- Department of Bioinformatics, Govt. Post Graduate College Mandian Abbottabad, Pakistan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H Alajmi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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27
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Devanathadesikan Seshadri V, Vijayaraghavan P, Kim YO, Kim HJ, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi A, Elshikh MS, Al-Dosary MA, Alsubaie QD. In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of polyherbal extracts from Vetiveria zizanioides, Trichosanthes cucumerina, and Mollugo cerviana on HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1475-1481. [PMID: 32489283 PMCID: PMC7254031 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various metabolites exist in the medicinal plants have lot of potential to cure various diseases and disorders. Plants such as, Vetiveria zizanioides, Trichosanthes cucumerina, and Mollugo cerviana were collected from Western Ghats, Tamilnadu, India. Phytochemicals were extracted from these plants using various organic solvents and tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The phytochemicals such as, carbohydrate, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids and tannin were detected from these medicinal plants. Among the extracts, methanol showed potent activity and this solvent was used to extract polyherbal medicinal plants. Methanol extract of V. zizanioides was found to be highly active against E. coli (27 ± 2 mm), P. mirabilis (19 ± 3 mm) and B. subtilis (18 ± 2 mm). Ethyl acetate extract showed high activity against E. coli (24 ± 2 mm), P. mirabilis (22 ± 3 mm) and B. subtilis (20 ± 1 mm). These three plants were taken at 1:1:1 ratio and extracted with methanol at 1:10 ratio and synergistic activity was tested against bacterial pathogens. Synergistic activity of polyherbal extract was analyzed. The extracted crude herbal medicine was found to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Enterbacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Proteus mirabilis. The zone of inhibition was 33 ± 3 mm, 17 ± 2 mm, 22 ± 2 mm, 40 ± 2 mm, 33 ± 1 mm and 38 ± 2 mm zone of inhibition against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, B. subtilis and Enterobacter sp. Polyherbal extract was found to be highly effective against P. mirabilis and Enterobacter sp. MIC values of polyherbal extract ranged from 29 ± 2.5 µg/ml to 34 ± 2.5 µg/ml. MIC value was found to be less against P. mirabilis and was high against S. aureus. Antioxidant property varied between 49 ± 3% and 95.3 ± 2%. At 20 µg/ml antioxidant activity was reported as 49 ± 3% and it was increased at higher concentrations of polyherbal extract. Two cell lines (HeLa and MCF cell lines) were selected to analyze cytotoxic activity of polyherbal extract. The methanol extract of polyherbal fraction showed cytotoxicity against these two cell lines. The LC50 value was 467 ± 2.9 µg/ml against HeLa cell line and >800 µg/ml against MCF-7 cell lines. The polyherbal extract showed antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Devanathadesikan Seshadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Vijayaraghavan
- Bioprocessing Engineering Division, Smykon Biotech Pvt. LtD, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Y-O Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseung-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - H-J Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monerah A Al-Dosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Chen Y, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Shah MH, Al-Dosary MA, Abbasi AM. Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and HepG2 cancer cells' antiproliferation potential in the kernels of apricot cultivars. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:163-172. [PMID: 31889831 PMCID: PMC6933278 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells were studied in the kernels of apricot cultivars grown in the northern areas of Pakistan. Relatively, the kernel of Habbi cultivar/AP-12 depicted significant potential to scavenge DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals as well as oxygen radical absorbance capacity along with highest contents of total flavonoids, phenolics, chlorogenic and syringic acids on dry weight basis. The average concentration of quercetin ranged 0.072-1.343 mg/100 g, and of EGCG from 0.713 to 6.521 mg/100 g with maximum concentration in Hulappa/AP-3 and Kho Chali-Khatta 3/AP-17, respectively. Amygdalin content was highest (1145 mg/100 g) in the kernel of Balaani/AP-14. Highest inhibition of HepG2 cells was found in the kernel of Waflu Chuli/AP-9 (EC50 = 15.70 ± 3.77 mg/mL). The PCA showed significant contributions of polyphenols and flavonoids towards biochemical assays, while CA revealed similarities and associations among various cultivars. Our study revealed that Habbi, Waflu Chuli, Thukdeena and Balaani kernels are rich sources of bioactive compounds and possess significant antioxidant and anticancer activity and can contribute considerably in the prevention and treatment of chronic health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munir H. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Monerah A. Al-Dosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan
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Jamil HMA, Ahmed A, Irshad U, Al-Ghamdi AA, Elshikh MS, Alaraidh IA, Al-Dosary MA, Abbasi AM, Ahmad R. Identification and inoculation of fungal strains from Cedrus deodara rhizosphere involve in growth and alleviation of high nitrogen stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:524-534. [PMID: 31889878 PMCID: PMC6933180 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cedrus deodara is economically and ethnobotanically an important forest tree and is shown to be at decline in Northern areas of Pakistan in recent years mainly due to high concentration of Nitrogen in forests. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) association forming fungi enables the forest trees to develop optimally by absorbing water from the rhizosphere through their absorptive hyphae and by making available the nutrients by mobilization of N and P from the organic substrates. This study was conducted to identify the ECM strains from C. deodara rhizosphere and to analyse the impact of high N load on the C. deodara seedlings to establish N critical load value for coniferous forests of Pakistan. Six new fungal strains were identified from the rhizosphere of C. deodara and were registered at GenBank (NCBI) as Emmia latemarginata strain ACE1, Aspergillus terreus strain ACE2, Purpureocillium lilacinum strain ACE3, Talaromyces pinophilus strain ACE4, A. fumigatus strain ACE5 and T. pinophilus strain ACE6 with accession numbers MH145426, MH145427, MH145428, MH145429, MH145430 and MH547115. Four out of six isolated strains were inoculated with seedlings of C. deodara singly and in consortium (CN) in combination with nitrogen load of 0 (C), 25 (T1), 50 (T2), 100 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (T3). Agronomic, physiological and gene expression studies for ExpansinA4 (EXPA4) and Cystatins (Cys) were made to analyse the impact of fungal strains in relation to high N stress. This study suggests a positive impact of T1 (25 kg N ha−1 yr−1) Nitrogen load and a negative impact of T3 (100 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on growth parameters and expression patterns of EXPA4 and Cys genes. Peroxidase (POX) activity decreased in the order ACE5 > ACE2 > C > ACE3 > ACE1 > CN. However, the results of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed decreasing trend in the order ACE5 > C > CN > ACE1 > ACE2 > ACE3. Strain ACE3 was shown to have a positive impact on the seedlings in terms of growth, physiology and expression of genes. Present study suggests that newly identified fungal strains showing positive impact on the growth and physiology of C. deodara could be used for the propagation of this economically important plant in Pakistan after pathogenicity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ansab Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Usman Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alaraidh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monerah A Al-Dosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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Pb B, Rani S, Kim YO, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi A, Elshikh MS, Al-Dosary MA, Hatamleh AA, Arokiyaraj S, Kim HJ. Prophylactic efficacy of Boerhavia diffusa L. aqueous extract in toluene induced reproductive and developmental toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:177-185. [PMID: 31582296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposure to toxicants poses high risk to develop reproductive and developmental chronic toxicity in man. Toluene is one of the commonest industrial agents whose exposure is attributed with potential to induce reproductive and developmental toxicity. Since they contaminate the immediate environment of air and water to which humans are exposed, its containment is of great public health importance. Conventional treatment modalities fail owing to the difficulty to detect these highly volatile agents in environment and human body. The peril of such hazardous exposures is evident only when irreversible structural and functional damages have incurred. In such instances, prevention gains an upper hand when compared to therapeutic interventions. Several natural compounds derived from medicinal herbs possess potential to curb toxicities induced by such xenobiotic agents. Among them Boerhavia diffusa Linn. is a widely distributed and common herb attributed with antitoxic potential and capability for antioxidant defence. A study was performed on the prophylactic efficacy of aqueous extract of B. diffusa in curbing toluene induced developmental toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. METHODS The study consisted of a preliminary phytochemical screening and HPTLC profiling of B. diffusa aqueous extract (BDAE). LC50 of toluene was assessed and a sublethal dose of 200ppm was fixed for the study. Four doses of BDAE; 25, 50, 100 and 200mg/ml designated as Low dose, medium dose 1, medium dose 2 and high dose was used for the study. The parameters used for the study included the determination of larval period, pupal period, percentage of egg hatching, morphometric analysis of egg, larvae, pupae and adults, fertility, fecundity, lifespan and levels of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase. RESULTS The phytochemical and HPTLC characters were as per the pharmacopoeial standards. LC50 of toluene was found to be 430ppm in this study. BDAE at medium dose 2 and high dose significantly prevented the deterioration of reproductive and developmental toxicity parameters of larval period, pupal period, percentage of egg hatching, morphometric characters of larva, pupa and adult, fertility, fecundity and lifespan in drosophila. Also the drug significantly elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION Toluene exposure during lifetime is inevitable. B. diffusa, equipped with its rich active ingredients prevented toluene induced developmental and reproductive toxicity in Drosophila. This medicinal herb provides a ray of hope in preventing environmental toxin induced reproductive and developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benil Pb
- Department of Agadatantra, Vaidyaratnam P.S. Varier Ayurveda College, Kottakkal, Edarikode P.O, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sreeja Rani
- Department of Agadatantra, Vaidyaratnam P.S. Varier Ayurveda College, Kottakkal, Edarikode P.O, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseung-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monerah A Al-Dosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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AbdelGawwad MR, Marić A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Hatamleh AA. Interactome Analysis and Docking Sites of MutS Homologs Reveal New Physiological Roles in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132493. [PMID: 31288414 PMCID: PMC6651420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their sedentary lifestyle, plants are constantly exposed to different stress stimuli. Stress comes in variety of forms where factors like radiation, free radicals, “replication errors, polymerase slippage”, and chemical mutagens result in genotoxic or cytotoxic damage. In order to face “the base oxidation or DNA replication stress”, plants have developed many sophisticated mechanisms. One of them is the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway. The main part of the MMR is the MutS homologue (MSH) protein family. The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes at least seven homologues of the MSH family: AtMSH1, AtMSH2, AtMSH3, AtMSH4, AtMSH5, AtMSH6, and AtMSH7. Despite their importance, the functions of AtMSH homologs have not been investigated. In this work, bioinformatics tools were used to obtain a better understanding of MSH-mediated DNA repair mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana and to understand the additional biological roles of AtMSH family members. In silico analysis, including phylogeny tracking, prediction of 3D structure, interactome analysis, and docking site prediction, suggested interactions with proteins were important for physiological development of A. thaliana. The MSH homologs extensively interacted with both TIL1 and TIL2 (DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit), proteins involved in cell fate determination during plant embryogenesis and involved in flowering time repression. Additionally, interactions with the RECQ protein family (helicase enzymes) and proteins of nucleotide excision repair pathway were detected. Taken together, the results presented here confirm the important role of AtMSH proteins in mismatch repair and suggest important new physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ragab AbdelGawwad
- Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Aida Marić
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, UAB-Edifici CRAG, Cerdanyola, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Mohd Khori NKE, Hadibarata T, Elshikh MS, Al-Ghamdi AA, Salmiati, Yusop Z. Triclosan removal by adsorption using activated carbon derived from waste biomass: Isotherms and kinetic studies. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Khoriha Eliysa Mohd Khori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Malaysia
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA); Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Malaysia
| | - Tony Hadibarata
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science; Curtin University; Miri Malaysia
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Salmiati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Malaysia
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA); Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Yusop
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Malaysia
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA); Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Malaysia
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Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Heniti S, Al-Hazmi FS, Faidah AS, Shalaan E, Husain M. Field emission characteristics of regular arrays of carbon nanotubes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:4714-4717. [PMID: 24738452 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The developments of electronic devices based on micron-sized vacuum electron sources during the last decades have triggered intense research on highly efficient carbon based thin film electron emitters. The synthesis of massive arrays of carbon nanotubes that are oriented on patterned Fe catalyst deposited on quartz substrates is reported. The well-ordered nanotubes can be used as electron field emission arrays. Scaling up of the synthesis process should be entirely compatible with the existing semiconductor processes, and should allow the development of nanotubes devices integrated into future technology. The emission from carbon nanotubes array is explained by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling of electrons from tip-like structures in the nanometer range, which locally amplify the applied field by the field enhancement factor beta. We found that the low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) system can produce nanotubes capable of excellent emission currents at lower voltages. The carbon nanotubes array shows good field emission with turn on field E(alpha) = 1.30 V/microm at the current density of 3.50 mA/cm2 with enhancement factor beta = 1.22 x 10(2).
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Al-Heniti SH, Umar A, Zaki HM, Dar GN, Al-Ghamdi AA, Kim SH. Synthesis and characterizations of ferrite nanomaterials for phenyl hydrazine chemical sensor applications. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:3765-3770. [PMID: 24734630 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the synthesis, characterization and phenyl hydrazine chemical sensing applications of Cd0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by facile and simple co-precipitation method and characterized in detail in terms of their morphological, structural, compositional and electrical properties. The detailed characterization studies revealed that the prepared nanoparticles are grown in high density, possessing Cd0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 composition and exhibiting spinel cubic structure. Moreover, the prepared Cd0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles were used as efficient electron mediators for the fabrication of high-sensitive, robust, reliable and reproducible phenyl hydrazine chemical sensor by simple I-V technique. The fabricated chemical sensor exhibits a highsensitivity of 7.01 microA mM(-1) cm(-2) with an experimental detection limit of 3.125 mM in a short response time of -10.0 s. This work demonstrates that Cd0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles can efficiently be utilized for the fabrication of highly sensitive and reliable chemical sensors.
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Al-Khanbashi HA, Shirbeeny W, Al-Ghamdi AA, Bronstein LM, Mahmoud WE. Spectroscopic ellipsometry of Zn(1-x)Cu(x)O thin films based on a modified sol-gel dip-coating technique. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 118:800-805. [PMID: 24157332 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline Zn(1-x)Cu(x)O thin films (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) were synthesized by sol-gel dip-coating technique on a quartz substrate. These films were annealed at 350°C for 2 h. The X-ray diffraction showed a hexagonal crystal structure with high intensity peak for the (002) reflection plane indicating preferential growth along the c-axis of the crystal lattice. The peak position related to the (002) peak was shifted as a result of the copper ion incorporation, confirming the interstitial substitution of the zinc ions by the copper ions. This interstitial substitution leads to a decrease of an average crystallite size and lattice constants and an increase of the micro-strain up to 2 at.% of the copper amount. The surface morphology was explored by scanning electron microscopy which confirmed the homogenous distribution of nanoparticles in the deposited films along the quartz substrates. The energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy revealed absence of impurities in the as-deposited films. The high resolution electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction depicted that the films have polycrystalline nature. The film thickness and optical constants of the Zn(1-x)Cu(x)O thin films were estimated by fitting the spectroscopic ellipsometric data (ψ and Δ) using three different models. The refractive index was fitted using harmonic oscillator model from which the oscillator and the dispersive energies were found. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, energy loss functions were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibah A Al-Khanbashi
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Mahmoud WE, Bronstein LM, Al-Hazmi F, Al-Noaiser F, Al-Ghamdi AA. Development of Fe/Fe3O4 core-shell nanocubes as a promising magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Langmuir 2013; 29:13095-13101. [PMID: 24079275 DOI: 10.1021/la403158d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and properties of Fe/Fe3O4 core-shell nanocubes prepared via a simple route. It includes NaBH4 reduction of FeCl3 in an ethylene glycol solution in the presence of 2-mercaptopropionic acid (surfactant) and trisodium citrate (cosurfactant) followed by surface oxidation with trimethylamine N-oxide. The morphology and structure of Fe/Fe3O4 core-shell nanocubes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All of the methods confirm a Fe/Fe3O4 core-shell structure of nanocubes. Magnetic measurements revealed that the Fe/Fe3O4 core/shell nanocubes are superparamagnetic at 300 K with a saturation magnetization of 129 emu/g. The T2 weighted imaging and the T2 relaxation time showed high MRI contrast and sensitivity, making these nanocubes viable candidates as enhanced MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed E Mahmoud
- Faculty of Science, Physics Department, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Agel FA, Al-Arfaj EA, Al-Marzouki FM, Khan SA, Khan ZH, Al-Ghamdi AA. Kinetics of phase transformation in nanostructured Ga-Se-Te glasses. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:2001-2007. [PMID: 23755638 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bulk samples of Ga25Se(F5-x)Te(x) chalcogenides were prepared by melt quenching technique. The glassy nature of these alloys was verified by X-ray diffraction. The morphology of these as-prepared alloys was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Kinetics of crystallization in these glassy alloys was studied under non-isothermal conditions at different heating rates (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 K/min) using differential scanning calorimetry. The value of glass transition and crystallization temperature was found to be composition and heating-rate dependent. The value of order parameter indicates that the crystallization was due to volume nucleation with two dimensional growths. The activation energy of crystallization and activation energy of glass transition were determined from the heating rate dependence of glass transition and crystallization temperature. Both the activation energy for glass transition and the activation energy of crystallization were found to decrease from 130.05 to 102.99 kJ/mole and from 130.05 to 102.99 kJ/mole respectively with increasing Te content in Ga-Se system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Al-Agel
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia
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Mohamed SA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Sharma GD, El Mansy MK. Effect of ethylene carbonate as a plasticizer on CuI/PVA nanocomposite: Structure, optical and electrical properties. J Adv Res 2013; 5:79-86. [PMID: 25685474 PMCID: PMC4294743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Layers of ethylene carbonate (EC) modified CuI/PVA polymer composites were prepared by growth of CuI nano-particles in an aqueous solution of PVA followed by casting at room temperature. The structural, thermal, optical, electrical and di-electrical characterization of polymer composites was investigated using different techniques. These investigations confirm the growth of CuI nano-particles and reduction of PVA crystallinity by increasing ethylene carbonate concentration. These results show that energy band gap and bulk conductivity increase while activation energy reduces with the increase of EC concentration in the composite. Moreover, the variation of the dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss with EC content are found to obey Debye dispersion relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A Mohamed
- Center for Photonic and Smart Materials (CPSM), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City, 12588, Giza, Egypt
| | - A A Al-Ghamdi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - G D Sharma
- R & D Center for Engineering and Science, Jaipur Engineering College, Kukas, Jaipur (Raj.) 303 101, India
| | - M K El Mansy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Umar A, Singh P, Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Heniti S. Direct growth of ZnO nanosheets on FTO substrate for dye-sensitized solar cells applications. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:6666-6671. [PMID: 21137779 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanosheets were directly grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate via simple solution process at low temperature by using zinc chloride and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA). The morphological characterizations by SEM and TEM confirmed that the deposited structures are nanosheets in which some are assembled in flower-shaped morphologies. The detailed structural investigations revealed that the deposited nanosheets are pure and crystalline ZnO and composed of Zn and O only. The obtained ZnO nanosheets on FTO substrate were used as a photoanode to fabricate the dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The fabricated DSSCs exhibited an overall light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 1.45%. A short-circuit current of 4.51 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage of 0.610 V, and a fill factor of 0.53 were achieved from the fabricated ZnO nanosheets-based DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Advanced Materials and Nano-Engineering Laboratory (AMNEL), Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Umar A, Al Hajry A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Heniti S. Growth and properties of ultra-violet emitting aligned zinc oxide nanocones with hexagonal caps. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:6659-6665. [PMID: 21137778 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-emitting, single-crystalline aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocones with hexagonal caps were grown on silicon substrate via simple non-catalytic thermal evaporation process. High-purity metallic zinc powder and oxygen were used as source materials for zinc and oxygen, respectively. The detailed structural characterizations confirmed that the formed products are single-crystalline, possess a wurtzite hexagonal phase and grown along the c-axis direction. Raman-active optical-phonon E2(high) mode at 437 cm(-1) with sharp and strong UV emission at 385 nm in room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum demonstrated that the as-grown ZnO nanocones with hexagonal caps possess good-crystal quality with the excellent optical properties. Finally, a plausible growth mechanism for the formation of as-grown ZnO nanocones with hexagonal caps was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Advanced Materials and Nano-Engineering Laboratory (AMNEL), Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Khan ZH, Khan SA, Salah N, Habib S, Abdallah El-Hamidy SM, Al-Ghamdi AA. Effect of Composition on Electrical and Optical Properties of Thin Films of Amorphous Ga(x)Se(100-x) Nanorods. Nanoscale Res Lett 2010; 5:1512-1517. [PMID: 20730131 PMCID: PMC2920423 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the electrical and optical studies of thin films of a-Ga(x)Se(100-x) nanorods (x = 3, 6, 9 and 12). Thin films of a-Ga(x)Se(100-x) nanorods have been synthesized thermal evaporation technique. DC electrical conductivity of deposited thin films of a-Ga(x)Se(100-x) nanorods is measured as a function of temperature range from 298 to 383 K. An exponential increase in the dc conductivity is observed with the increase in temperature, suggesting thereby a semiconducting behavior. The estimated value of activation energy decreases on incorporation of dopant (Ga) content in the Se system. The calculated value of pre-exponential factor (sigma(0)) is of the order of 10(1) Omega(-1 )cm(-1), which suggests that the conduction takes place in the band tails of localized states. It is suggested that the conduction is due to thermally assisted tunneling of the carriers in the localized states near the band edges. On the basis of the optical absorption measurements, an indirect optical band gap is observed in this system, and the value of optical band gap decreases on increasing Ga concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan H Khan
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Shamshad A Khan
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, St. Andrew’s College, Gorakhpur, UP, 273001, India
| | - Numan Salah
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Habib
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - SM Abdallah El-Hamidy
- Microscopy Unit, Biological Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - AA Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Omair MA, Al-Ghamdi AA, Alrajhi AA. Incidence of tuberculosis in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus in Saudi Arabia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010; 14:600-603. [PMID: 20392353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) followed at an HIV referral and care facility. DESIGN Observational longitudinal cohort. METHODS Data were collected longitudinally as patients were admitted to the HIV programme and included demographics, TB diagnosis and treatment, CD4+ T lymphocyte count and TB treatment outcomes. The TB-free follow-up period of all patients was used to calculate TB incidence rates. RESULTS Between 1997 and 2007, 217 new adult patients joined the HIV programme. TB was diagnosed in 16 patients (7.4%), all of whom had acquired immune-deficiency syndrome at the time of TB diagnosis. Seven developed extra-pulmonary disease (44%), six had pulmonary TB (37%), while three had both (19%). The TB incidence rate was 1354 per 100,000 person-years (py) among the HIV-infected cohort. The incidence rate of pulmonary TB was 762/100,000 py and for extra-pulmonary TB it was 592/100,000 py. Seven patients (44%) died despite early diagnosis and treatment for TB. CONCLUSION Among PLWH in Saudi Arabia, TB incidence is 30 times higher than in the general population, with significant mortality despite early diagnosis, treatment and tertiary care support.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Omair
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Incoherent fluorescence optical Kerr gating can in principle be used to measure fluorescence anisotropies and determine molecular reorientational times. A novel method for fluorescence anisotropy by use of optical Kerr gating with incoherent laser light is presented. Incoherent optical Kerr signals have been obtained for parallel and perpendicular fluorescence polarization for a 10(-3)-M solution of Rhodamine 6G in ethanol.
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