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Dieye CAT, Durand N, Schorr-Galindo S, Strub C, Fontana A. Impacts of abiotic factors on the growth of three commercial biological control agents, on the growth and mycotoxinogenesis of Fusarium graminearum and on their interaction. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:932-941. [PMID: 37721389 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolving climatic conditions impact the behavior of microorganisms. The lack of efficiency of beneficial microorganisms against pathogens can be due to these evolving abiotic factors more favorable to the development and adaptation of pathogens. It is therefore of great interest to understand their impact (especially temperature increase and relative humidity (RH) variation) on pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. This work aimed to examine the possible effects of increasing temperature (20, 25, 30 and 33 °C) and RH (40%, 50%, 60% and 80%) on the growth and mycotoxin production (deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN)) of Fusarium graminearum, on the growth of three commercial biocontrol agents (BCAs; Mycostop®, Xedavir® and Polyversum®) and on the pathogen-BCA interaction. RESULTS Results demonstrated that BCAs have contrasting impacts on the growth and mycotoxinogenesis of F. graminearum depending on abiotic factors. At 25 °C and regardless of RH, commercial BCAs limit DON production by F. graminearum, but at 30 °C and intermediate RH, Xedavir® is no longer effective. The ability of Xedavir® to control the production of ZEN production by F. graminearum is also affected by abiotic factors. However, increasing temperature has an opposite effect on its ability to control the accumulation of ZEN. Polyversum® oomycete is the BCA with the most resilient efficacy against F. graminearum toxinogenesis under the different abiotic factors. CONCLUSION This work provides new knowledge of the effect of these abiotic parameters on the interaction between BCA and F. graminearum, especially on the production of mycotoxins. It paves the way for the development of efficient and resilient mycotoxin biocontrol strategies using beneficial microorganisms against F. graminearum, thus contributing to global food security. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheikh Ahmeth Tidiane Dieye
- UMR Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Univ Avignon, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Noël Durand
- UMR Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Univ Avignon, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, France - Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Univ Avignon, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Univ Avignon, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Schorr-Galindo
- UMR Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Univ Avignon, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Strub
- UMR Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Univ Avignon, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Fontana
- UMR Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Univ Avignon, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Univ de la Réunion, Montpellier, France
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Yli-Mattila T, Opoku J, Ward TJ. Population structure and genetic diversity of Fusarium graminearum from southwestern Russia and the Russian Far East as compared with northern Europe and North America. Mycologia 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37192332 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2198927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation at variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) markers was used to assess population structure and diversity among 296 Fusarium graminearum isolates from northern Europe (Finland, northwestern Russia, and Norway), southern Europe (southwestern and western Russia), and Asia (Siberia and the Russian Far East). We identified at least two highly differentiated and geographically structured genetic populations (E1 and E2) in Eurasia (ΦPT = 0.35). Isolates from northern Europe were almost exclusively from the E1 population (95.6%) and had the 3ADON (3-acetyldeoxynivalenol) trichothecene genotype (97.3%). In contrast, all isolates from southern Europe were from the E2 population and 94.4% had the 15ADON (15-acetyldeoxynivalenol) genotype. The E2 population also predominated in the Asian sampling locations (92.7%) where 3ADON and 15ADON genotypes occurred at nearly equal frequencies. Southern European isolates were more closely related to those from Asia (ΦPT = 0.06) than to geographically closer populations from northern Europe (ΦPT ≥ 0.31). Northern European populations also harbored substantially less genetic diversity (Ne ≤ 2.1) than populations in southern Europe or Asia (Ne ≥ 3.4), indicative of a selective sweep or recent introduction and subsequent range expansion in northern Europe. Bayesian analyses incorporating previously described genetic populations from North America (NA1 and NA2) surprisingly identified NA2 and E2 as a single genetic population, consistent with hypotheses of a recent Eurasian origin for NA2. Additionally, more than 10% of the isolates from Asia and southern Europe were assigned to the NA1 population, indicating recent introductions of NA1 into parts of Eurasia. Collectively, these results demonstrate that there are at least three genetic populations of F. graminearum in the Northern Hemisphere and indicate that population-level diversity in Eurasia and North America has been shaped by recent transcontinental introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, FI20014, Finland
| | - Joseph Opoku
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, 61604
| | - Todd J Ward
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, 61604
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Gil-Serna J, Patiño B, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Vázquez C, Medina Á. Searching for the Fusarium spp. Which Are Responsible for Trichothecene Contamination in Oats Using Metataxonomy to Compare the Distribution of Toxigenic Species in Fields from Spain and the UK. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090592. [PMID: 36136530 PMCID: PMC9506359 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of oats with Fusarium toxins poses a high risk for food safety. Among them, trichothecenes are the most frequently reported in European oats, especially in northern countries. The environmental conditions related to the climate change scenario might favour a distribution shift in Fusarium species and the presence of these toxins in Southern European countries. In this paper, we present an ambitious work to determine the species responsible for trichothecene contamination in Spanish oats and to compare the results in the United Kingdom (UK) using a metataxonomic approach applied to both oat grains and soil samples collected from both countries. Regarding T-2 and HT-2 toxin producers, F. langsethiae was detected in 38% and 25% of the oat samples from the UK and Spain, respectively, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of this fungus in oats from Spain. The relevant type B trichothecene producer, F. poae, was the most frequently detected Fusarium species in oats from both origins. Other important trichothecene producers, such as the Fusarium tricinctum species complex or Fusarium cerealis, were also frequently detected in oat fields. Many Fusarium toxins, including T-2 and HT-2 toxins, deoxynivalenol, or nivalenol, were detected in oat samples. The results obtained in this work revealed a clear change in the distribution of trichothecene producers and the necessity to establish the potential of these species to colonize oats and their ability to produce mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Gil-Serna
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Belén Patiño
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Covadonga Vázquez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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Wang Q, Song R, Fan S, Coleman JJ, Xu X, Hu X. Diversity of Fusarium community assembly shapes mycotoxin accumulation of diseased wheat heads. Mol Ecol 2022; 32:2504-2518. [PMID: 35844052 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease worldwide on cultivated cereals, caused by several Fusarium species. FHB can cause not only yield reduction but also accumulation of mycotoxins in the grain contaminating the food supply. Much of the earlier research has focused on Fusarium pathogenesis, conditions required for disease development and toxin accumulation, and FHB management. However, the Fusarium community composition within the micro-habitat of a single diseased wheat head in the field has had limited investigation. Similarly, the relationship between the Fusarium community structure and mycotoxin accumulation within diseased heads remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the Fusarium community in diseased heads sampled from different geographical sites in China. Several sites in Shandong province formed a transitional region which contained highly variable profiles of Fusarium OTUs, where a single diseased head could contain more than 10 Fusarium OTUs. Mycotoxin accumulation was independent of geographical properties, however, deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and zearalenone concentrations showed a significant negative correlation with Fusarium diversity on diseased heads while a significant positive correlation between nivalenol concentration and Fusarium diversity was observed. Taken together, the Fusarium OTU diversity within diseased heads in the field significantly influences mycotoxin accumulation, providing an important point to consider in FHB disease management and mycotoxin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sanhong Fan
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jeffrey J Coleman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiangming Xu
- NIAB East Malling Research (EMR), West Malling, Kent, UK
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Meyer JC, Birr T, Hennies I, Wessels D, Schwarz K. Reduction of deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins and associated Fusarium species during commercial and laboratory de-hulling of milling oats. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1163-1183. [PMID: 35385360 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2059576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oats (Avena sativa L.) are well known for their nutritional properties but are susceptible to the growth of different Fusarium fungi resulting in mycotoxin contamination of harvested oats. In this study, oat samples from harvest years 2011 to 2017 were preselected for their suitability as milling oats for food purposes with DON contents below 1750 µg/kg. The reduction of DON, T-2 and HT-2 toxins during the commercial de-hulling process was analysed. While the average reduction for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in large oat kernels was 85%, the reduction for thin kernels was 66%. The reduction for DON was about 60% and did not differ for the two kernel fractions. In laboratory de-hulling experiments, milling oat samples and de-hulled oat kernels with known DON, T-2 and HT-2 toxin content were correlated with the associated DNA amount of Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium langsethiae. The reduction of the Fusarium DNA amount after de-hulling was comparable to the reduction of the associated mycotoxins. Notably, the correlation between F. langsethiae DNA amounts and the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxin contents was R2 = 0.69 in milling oats and it rose to R2 = 0.85 in de-hulled oat kernels. In laboratory tests, at least one third of the initial levels of DON and the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins could be removed by polishing off the first parts of the outer layers; two thirds remained in the polished oat kernels. These observations indicate that de-hulling alone may not be completely sufficient to remove mycotoxin contamination in oats. These findings are of high importance in the discussion of determining legal maximum levels for DON or the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in intermediate and final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C Meyer
- H.&J. Brüggen KG, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Birr
- Division of Plant Diseases and Crop Protection, Institute of Phytopathology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Karin Schwarz
- Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Abbas A, Yli-Mattila T. Biocontrol of Fusarium graminearum, a Causal Agent of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat, and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation: From In Vitro to In Planta. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:299. [PMID: 35622546 PMCID: PMC9143666 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop diseases caused by Fusarium graminearum threaten crop production in both commercial and smallholder farming. F. graminearum produces deoxynivalenol mycotoxin, which is stable during food and feed processing. Therefore, the best way to prevent the sporulation of pathogens is to develop new prevention strategies. Plant-based pesticides, i.e., natural fungicides, have recently gained interest in crop protection as alternatives to synthetic fungicides. Herein we show that treatment with the methanolic extract of medicinal plant Zanthoxylum bungeanum (M20 extract), decreased F. graminearum growth and abrogated DON production. The F. graminearum DNA levels were monitored by a quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR, while DON accumulation was assessed by HPLC quantification. This M20 extract was mainly composed of four flavonoids: quercetin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, and hyperoside. The in vitro bioassay, which measured the percent inhibition of fungal growth, showed that co-inoculation of four F. graminearum strains with the M20 extract inhibited the fungal growth up to 48.5%. After biocontrol treatments, F. graminearum DNA level was reduced up to 85.5% compared to that of wheat heads, which received F. graminearum mixture only. Moreover, DON production was decreased in wheat heads by 73% after biocontrol treatment; meanwhile in wheat heads inoculated with F. graminearum conidia, an average of 2.263 ± 0.8 mg/kg DON was detected. Overall, this study is a successful case from in vitro research to in planta, giving useful information for wheat protection against F. graminearum responsible for Fusarium Head Blight and DON accumulation in grains. Further studies are needed to study the mechanism by which M20 extract inhibited the DON production and what changes happened to the DON biosynthetic pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
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7
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Meyer JC, Hennies I, Wessels D, Schwarz K. Survey of mycotoxins in milling oats dedicated for food purposes between 2013 and 2019 by LC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1934-1947. [PMID: 34330195 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1950931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the common oat (Avena sativa L.) is well known for its nutritional benefits, it carries the risk of contamination with mycotoxins due to its susceptibility to the growth of various fungi. The procurement of milling oats for food could become more difficult in the coming harvest years due to limited availability, specific quality requirements and the avoidance of mycotoxin contamination. In light of ongoing discussions in the European Commission on regulatory limits for certain mycotoxins including their modified forms, the purpose of this study was to improve the database on their occurrence in milling oats. In particular, we provide data on the predominantly occurring trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified derivatives (e.g. 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside) as well as on T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Additionally, the following mycotoxins were analysed: zearalenone, nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fusarenon-X, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. Oat samples, (n = 281) pre-selected for their physical properties and DON-content to be less than 1750 µg/kg from 11 European provenances, were analysed for 16 different mycotoxins by LC-MS/MS. Samples were collected from the years of harvest 2013 to 2019. High incidence rates above the limit of quantification of either 5 µg/kg for T-2 and HT-2 toxins or 10 µg/kg for deoxynivalenol were found (98.1, 94.7 and 91.4%, respectively). The mean concentration of the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins was 149 µg/kg. The highest level was found in an Irish sample containing 1290 µg/kg for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. The mean deoxynivalenol concentration was 289 µg/kg, while the highest level was 1414 µg/kg in a Swedish sample. Besides nivalenol other mycotoxins were only present in trace concentrations or not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Chr Meyer
- H. & J. Brüggen KG, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Karin Schwarz
- Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Habschied K, Krstanović V, Zdunić Z, Babić J, Mastanjević K, Šarić GK. Mycotoxins Biocontrol Methods for Healthier Crops and Stored Products. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:348. [PMID: 33946920 PMCID: PMC8145935 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of crops with phytopathogenic genera such as Fusarium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Penicillium usually results in mycotoxins in the stored crops or the final products (bread, beer, etc.). To reduce the damage and suppress the fungal growth, it is common to add antifungal substances during growth in the field or storage. Many of these antifungal substances are also harmful to human health and the reduction of their concentration would be of immense importance to food safety. Many eminent researchers are seeking a way to reduce the use of synthetic antifungal compounds and to implement more eco-friendly and healthier bioweapons against fungal proliferation and mycotoxin synthesis. This paper aims to address the recent advances in the effectiveness of biological antifungal compounds application against the aforementioned fungal genera and their species to enhance the protection of ecological and environmental systems involved in crop growing (water, soil, air) and to reduce fungicide contamination of food derived from these commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Habschied
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (V.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Vinko Krstanović
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (V.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Zvonimir Zdunić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Jurislav Babić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (V.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (V.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Gabriella Kanižai Šarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
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Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microscopic fungi, which commonly contaminate cereal grains. Contamination of small-grain cereals and maize with toxic metabolites of fungi, both pathogenic and saprotrophic, is one of the particularly important problems in global agriculture. Fusarium species are among the dangerous cereal pathogens with a high toxicity potential. Secondary metabolites of these fungi, such as deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisin B1 are among five most important mycotoxins on a European and world scale. The use of various methods to limit the development of Fusarium cereal head diseases and grain contamination with mycotoxins, before and after harvest, is an important element of sustainable agriculture and production of safe food. The applied strategies utilize chemical and non-chemical methods, including agronomic, physical and biological treatments. Biological methods now occupy a special place in plant protection as an element of biocontrol of fungal pathogens by inhibiting their development and reducing mycotoxins in grain. According to the literature, Good Agricultural Practices are the best line of defense for controlling Fusarium toxin contamination of cereal and maize grains. However, fluctuations in weather conditions can significantly reduce the effectiveness of plants protection methods against infection with Fusarium spp. and grain accumulation of mycotoxins.
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Cowger C, Ward TJ, Nilsson K, Arellano C, McCormick SP, Busman M. Regional and field-specific differences in Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with blighted North Carolina wheat. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 323:108594. [PMID: 32229393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, while Fusarium graminearum is the main causal species of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in small-grain cereals, a diversity of FHB-causing species belonging to different species complexes has been found in most countries. In the U.S., FHB surveys have focused on the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) and the frequencies of 3-ADON, 15-ADON, and nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes. A large-scale survey was undertaken across the state of North Carolina in 2014 to explore the frequency and distribution of F. graminearum capable of producing NIV, which is not monitored at grain intake points. Symptomatic wheat spikes were sampled from 59 wheat fields in 24 counties located in three agronomic zones typical of several states east of the Appalachian Mountains: Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Tidewater. Altogether, 2197 isolates were identified to species using DNA sequence-based methods. Surprisingly, although F. graminearum was the majority species detected, species in the Fusarium tricinctum species complex (FTSC) that produce "emerging mycotoxins" were frequent, and even dominant in some fields. The FTSC percentage was 50-100% in four fields, 30-49% in five fields, 20-29% in five fields, and < 20% in the remaining 45 fields. FTSC species were at significantly higher frequency in the Coastal Plain than in the Piedmont or Tidewater (P < .05). Moniliformin concentrations in samples ranged from 0.0 to 38.7 μg g-1. NIV producing isolates were rare statewide (2.2%), and never >12% in a single field, indicating that routine testing for NIV is probably unnecessary. The patchy distribution of FTSC species in wheat crops demonstrated the need to investigate the potential importance of their mycotoxins and the factors that allow them to sometimes outcompete trichothecene producers. An increased sampling intensity of wheat fields led to the unexpected discovery of a minority FHB-causing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cowger
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), USA; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Todd J Ward
- USDA-ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Kathryn Nilsson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Consuelo Arellano
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Mark Busman
- USDA-ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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Villafana RT, Ramdass AC, Rampersad SN. TRI Genotyping and Chemotyping: A Balance of Power. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E64. [PMID: 31973043 PMCID: PMC7076749 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium is among the top 10 most economically important plant pathogens in the world. Trichothecenes are the principal mycotoxins produced as secondary metabolites by select species of Fusarium and cause acute and chronic toxicity in animals and humans upon exposure either through consumption and/or contact. There are over 100 trichothecene metabolites and they can occur in a wide range of commodities that form food and feed products. This review discusses strategies to mitigate the risk of mycotoxin production and exposure by examining the Fusarium-trichothecene model. Fundamental to mitigation of risk is knowing the identity of the pathogen. As such, a comparison of current, recommended molecular approaches for sequence-based identification of Fusaria is presented, followed by an analysis of the rationale and methods of trichothecene (TRI) genotyping and chemotyping. This type of information confirms the source and nature of risk. While both are powerful tools for informing regulatory decisions, an assessment of the causes of incongruence between TRI genotyping and chemotyping data must be made. Reconciliation of this discordance will map the way forward in terms of optimization of molecular approaches, which includes data validation and sharing in the form of accessible repositories of genomic data and browsers for querying such data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sephra N. Rampersad
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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12
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Stakheev AA, Samokhvalova LV, Mikityuk OD, Zavriev SK. Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Typing of Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium Fungi from Russian Collections. Acta Naturae 2018; 10:79-92. [PMID: 30116619 PMCID: PMC6087817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a three-locus phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium strains presumably capable of trichothecene production, which were deposited in the Russian national collections. The intra- and interspecific polymorphism of partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1α) gene and two genes from the trichothecene cluster TRI5 and TRI14 was studied. A study of 60 strains of different origins using DNA markers confirmed, and in the case for several strains, clarified their taxonomic characteristics. As a result, a strain of F. commune (F-900) was identified in Russia for the first time. Furthermore, the strain F-846 proved to be phylogenetically distinct from any of the known Fusarium species. F. equiseti strains from Northwest Russia were found to belong to the North European group (I), whereas a strain from the North Caucasus - to the South European one (II). Partial TRI14 sequences from 9 out of 12 species were determined for the first time. Their comparative analysis demonstrated a relatively high level of intraspecific variability in F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides, but no correlation between the sequence polymorphism and the geographic origin of the strains or their chemotype was found. Specific chemotypes of trichothecene B producers were characterized using two primer sets. The chemotyping results were verified by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Stakheev
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16\10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - L. V. Samokhvalova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16\10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - O. D. Mikityuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Institut Str. 5, B. Vyazyomy, Moscow region, 143050 , Russia
| | - S. K. Zavriev
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16\10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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Hietaniemi V, Rämö S, Yli-Mattila T, Jestoi M, Peltonen S, Kartio M, Sieviläinen E, Koivisto T, Parikka P. Updated survey of Fusarium species and toxins in Finnish cereal grains. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:831-48. [PMID: 27002810 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1162112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the project was to produce updated information during 2005-14 on the Fusarium species found in Finnish cereal grains, and the toxins produced by them, as the last comprehensive survey study of Fusarium species and their toxins in Finland was carried out at the turn of the 1960s and the 1970s. Another aim was to use the latest molecular and chemical methods to investigate the occurrence and correlation of Fusarium species and their mycotoxins in Finland. The most common Fusarium species found in Finland in the FinMyco project 2005 and 2006 were F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae. F. avenaceum was the most dominant species in barley, spring wheat and oat samples. The occurrence of F. culmorum and F. graminearum was high in oats and barley. Infection by Fusarium fungi was the lowest in winter cereal grains. The incidence of Fusarium species in 2005 was much higher than in 2006 due to weather conditions. F. langsethiae has become much more common in Finland since 2001. F. graminearum has also risen in the order of importance. A highly significant correlation was found between Fusarium graminearum DNA and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels in Finnish oats, barley and wheat. When comparing the FinMyco data in 2005-06 with the results of the Finnish safety monitoring programme for 2005-14, spring cereals were noted as being more susceptible to infection by Fusarium fungi and the formation of toxins. The contents of T-2 and HT-2 toxins and the frequency of exceptionally high DON concentrations all increased in Finland during 2005-14. Beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENNs) and moniliformin (MON) were also very common contaminants of Finnish grains in 2005-06. Climate change is leading to warmer weather, and this may indicate more changes in Finnish Fusarium mycobiota and toxin contents and profiles in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli Hietaniemi
- a MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Services Unit , FI-31600 Jokioinen , Finland
| | - Sari Rämö
- a MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Services Unit , FI-31600 Jokioinen , Finland
| | - Tapani Yli-Mattila
- b Molecular Plant Biology , Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku , Finland
| | - Marika Jestoi
- c Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira , Product Safety Unit , FI-00790 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sari Peltonen
- d Association of ProAgria Centres, Crop, Horticulture, Pig and Poultry Business , FI-01301 Vantaa , Finland
| | - Mirja Kartio
- e Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Plant Analysis Laboratory Unit , FI-00790 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Elina Sieviläinen
- e Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Plant Analysis Laboratory Unit , FI-00790 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tauno Koivisto
- a MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Services Unit , FI-31600 Jokioinen , Finland
| | - Päivi Parikka
- f MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research , FI-31600 Jokioinen , Finland
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Pasquali M, Beyer M, Logrieco A, Audenaert K, Balmas V, Basler R, Boutigny AL, Chrpová J, Czembor E, Gagkaeva T, González-Jaén MT, Hofgaard IS, Köycü ND, Hoffmann L, Lević J, Marin P, Miedaner T, Migheli Q, Moretti A, Müller MEH, Munaut F, Parikka P, Pallez-Barthel M, Piec J, Scauflaire J, Scherm B, Stanković S, Thrane U, Uhlig S, Vanheule A, Yli-Mattila T, Vogelgsang S. A European Database of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum Trichothecene Genotypes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:406. [PMID: 27092107 PMCID: PMC4821861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species, particularly Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum, are the main cause of trichothecene type B contamination in cereals. Data on the distribution of Fusarium trichothecene genotypes in cereals in Europe are scattered in time and space. Furthermore, a common core set of related variables (sampling method, host cultivar, previous crop, etc.) that would allow more effective analysis of factors influencing the spatial and temporal population distribution, is lacking. Consequently, based on the available data, it is difficult to identify factors influencing chemotype distribution and spread at the European level. Here we describe the results of a collaborative integrated work which aims (1) to characterize the trichothecene genotypes of strains from three Fusarium species, collected over the period 2000-2013 and (2) to enhance the standardization of epidemiological data collection. Information on host plant, country of origin, sampling location, year of sampling and previous crop of 1147 F. graminearum, 479 F. culmorum, and 3 F. cortaderiae strains obtained from 17 European countries was compiled and a map of trichothecene type B genotype distribution was plotted for each species. All information on the strains was collected in a freely accessible and updatable database (www.catalogueeu.luxmcc.lu), which will serve as a starting point for epidemiological analysis of potential spatial and temporal trichothecene genotype shifts in Europe. The analysis of the currently available European dataset showed that in F. graminearum, the predominant genotype was 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) (82.9%), followed by 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) (13.6%), and nivalenol (NIV) (3.5%). In F. culmorum, the prevalent genotype was 3-ADON (59.9%), while the NIV genotype accounted for the remaining 40.1%. Both, geographical and temporal patterns of trichothecene genotypes distribution were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Pasquali
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Beyer
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research CouncilBari, Italy
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Department of Agriculture, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Jana Chrpová
- Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Elżbieta Czembor
- Department of Grasses, Legumes and Energy Plants, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research InstituteRadzikow, Poland
| | - Tatiana Gagkaeva
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant ProtectionSt. Petersburg, Russia
| | - María T. González-Jaén
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | | | - Nagehan D. Köycü
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Namık Kemal UniversityTekirdag, Turkey
| | - Lucien Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jelena Lević
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Entomology, Maize Research Institute Zemun PoljeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Patricia Marin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Miedaner
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Department of Agriculture, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research CouncilBari, Italy
| | - Marina E. H. Müller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute for Landscape BiogeochemistryMüncheberg, Germany
| | - Françoise Munaut
- Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Päivi Parikka
- Department Natural Resources and Bioproduction, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Marine Pallez-Barthel
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan Piec
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan Scauflaire
- Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Barbara Scherm
- Department of Agriculture, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Slavica Stanković
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Entomology, Maize Research Institute Zemun PoljeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Ulf Thrane
- Section for Eukaryotic Biotechnology, DTU Systems Biology, Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Silvio Uhlig
- Section for Chemistry and Toxicology, Norwegian Veterinary InstituteOslo, Norway
| | - Adriaan Vanheule
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Susanne Vogelgsang
- Research Division Grassland Sciences and Agro-Ecosystems, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, AgroscopeZürich, Switzerland
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Yörük E, Karlik E, Gazdagli A, Kayis M, Kaya F, Albayrak G. Expression Analysis of PKS13, FG08079.1 and PKS10 Genes in Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 13:51-55. [PMID: 28959291 PMCID: PMC5435006 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification and quantification of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species are important in controlling fungal diseases. OBJECTIVES Potential of zearalenone, butenolide and fusarin C production was investigated in five Fusarium graminearum and five F. culmorum isolates at molecular level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Presence of PKS13, FG08079.1 and PKS10 genes, associated with production of zearalenone, butenolide and fusarin C, respectively, were confirmed by PCR. In addition, expression levels of them together with housekeeping gene (β-tubulin) were detected by real time PCR. RESULTS PKS13 and FG08079.1 transcripts were determined in all isolates, while PKS10 specific primers failed to amplify any product, indicative of no expression. ΔΔCTCT of PKS13 was ranged between 1.79E-03-3.97E-03 and for FG08079.1 was between 0.25E-03 and 6.02E-03. The highest PKS13 expressions were 3.86E-03 in F. graminearum F9 and 3.97E-03 in F. culmorum F16. Maximum FG08079.1 expressions were calculated as 6.02E-03 and 3.81E-03 in F. graminearum 2F and F. culmorum F2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We revealed that ten Fusarium isolates produced zearalenone and butenolide under culture conditions. However, fusarin C was not generated by them in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yörük
- Programme of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karlik
- Programme of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Gazdagli
- Programme of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müyesser Kayis
- Programme of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Kaya
- Programme of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülruh Albayrak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Pasquali M, Migheli Q. Genetic approaches to chemotype determination in type B-trichothecene producing Fusaria. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 189:164-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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