1
|
Cervini C, Naz N, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Medina A. Impact of predicted climate change environmental conditions on the growth of Fusarium asiaticum strains and mycotoxins production on a wheat-based matrix. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 416:110658. [PMID: 38484608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium asiaticum is a predominant fungal pathogen causing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in wheat and barley in China and is associated with approximately £201 million in annual losses due to grains contaminated with mycotoxins. F. asiaticum produces deoxynivalenol and zearalenone whose maximum limits in cereals and cereals-derived products have been established in different countries including the EU. Few studies are available on the ecophysiological behaviour of this fungal pathogen, but nothing is known about the impact of projected climate change scenarios on its growth and mycotoxin production. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the interacting effect of i) current and increased temperature (25 vs 30 °C), ii) drought stress variation (0.98 vs 0.95 water activity; aw) and iii) existing and predicted CO2 concentrations (400 vs 1000 ppm) on fungal growth and mycotoxin production (type B trichothecenes and zearalenone) by three F. asiaticum strains (CH024b, 82, 0982) on a wheat-based matrix after 10 days of incubation. The results showed that, when exposed to increased CO2 concentration (1000 ppm) there was a significant reduction of fungal growth compared to current concentration (400 ppm) both at 25 and 30 °C, especially at 0.95 aw. The multi-mycotoxin analysis performed by LC-MS/MS qTRAP showed a significant increase of deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol production when the CH024b strain was exposed to elevated CO2 compared to current CO2 levels. Zearalenone production by the strain 0982 was significantly stimulated by mild water stress (0.95 aw) and increased CO2 concentration (1000 ppm) regardless of the temperature. Such results highlight that intraspecies variability exist among F. asiaticum strains with some mycotoxins likely to exceed current EU legislative limits under prospected climate change conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cervini
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK.
| | - Naoreen Naz
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | | | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodríguez CL, Strub C, Fontana A, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Durand N, Beugré C, Guehi T, Medina A, Schorr-Galindo S. Biocontrol activities of yeasts or lactic acid bacteria isolated from Robusta coffee against Aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin A production in vitro. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 415:110638. [PMID: 38430685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Biocontrol Agents (BCAs) can be an eco-friendly alternative to fungicides to reduce the contamination with mycotoxigenic fungi on coffee. In the present study, different strains of bacteria and yeasts were isolated from Ivorian Robusta coffee. Their ability to reduce fungal growth and Ochratoxin A (OTA) production during their confrontation against Aspergillus carbonarius was screened on solid media. Some strains were able to reduce growth and OTA production by 85 % and 90 % and were molecularly identified as two yeasts, Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae and Meyerozyma caribbica. Subsequent tests on liquid media with A. carbonarius or solely with OTA revealed adhesion of R. ruineniae to the mycelium of A. carbonarius through Scanning Electron Microscopy, and an OTA adsorption efficiency of 50 %. For M. caribbica potential degradation of OTA after 24 h incubation was observed. Both yeasts could be potential BCAs good candidates for Ivorian Robusta coffee protection against A. carbonarius and OTA contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia López Rodríguez
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon Univ, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France; Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Caroline Strub
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon Univ, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France.
| | - Angélique Fontana
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon Univ, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Noël Durand
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon Univ, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Beugré
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Tagro Guehi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Sabine Schorr-Galindo
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon Univ, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kahla A, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Delpino-Deelias M, Gutierrez-Pozo M, Medina A, Magan N, Doohan F. Acclimatisation of Fusarium langsethiae, F. poae and F. sporotrichioides to elevated CO2: Impact on fungal growth and mycotoxin production on oat-based media. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 394:110176. [PMID: 36989929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Oats are highly susceptible to infection by Fusarium species, especially F. langsethiae, F. poae and F. sporotrichioides which contaminate the grain with mycotoxins. Climate change is expected to affect fungal colonisation and associated mycotoxin production. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of acclimatisation to elevated CO2 on the growth and mycotoxin production capacity of these fungal species. Strains of F. langsethiae (FL; seven strains), F. poae (FP; two strains) and F. sporotrichioides (FS; one strain) were acclimatised by sub-culturing for 10 generations at either 400 or 1000 ppm CO2 under diurnal temperature conditions. At each sub-culturing, the effect of acclimatisation to elevated CO2 on (a) lag phase prior to growth, (b) growth rate on oat-based media was assessed. Additionally, the production of type A trichothecenes and related toxic secondary metabolites of sub-cultures after 1, 7 and 10 generations were assessed using LC-MS/MS qTRAP. The results showed that Fusarium strains had an increased lag time and growth rate in response to the combined effect of sub-culturing and elevated CO2 levels. T-2 + HT-2 production was affected by elevated CO2 in strain FL4 (7.1-fold increase) and a decrease in strain FL1 (2.0-fold decrease) at the first sub-culturing and FS (1.3-fold decrease) after 7 sub-cultures compared to ambient conditions. The effect of sub-culturing on T-2 + HT-2 production varied depending on the fungal strain. For strain FL4, significantly less T-2 + HT-2 toxins were produced after 10 generations (4.4-fold decrease) as compared to that under elevated CO2 conditions after one sub-culture, and no change was observed under ambient conditions. The FS strain showed significant stimulation of T-2 + HT-2 toxin production after 10 sub-cultured generations (1.1-fold increase) compared to the initial sub-culture of this strain under elevated CO2 conditions. The production of other toxic secondary metabolites was generally not impacted by elevated CO2 conditions or by sub-culture for 10 generations, with the exceptions of FL1 and FP1. FL1 produced significantly more neosolaniol after 10 generations, when compared to those after 1 and 7, regardless of the CO2 conditions. For FP1, elevated CO2 significantly triggered beauvericin production after an initial sub-culture when compared to ambient conditions at the same sub-culture stage (29-fold). FP1 acclimatisation to elevated CO2 led to a decrease of beauvericin production after 10 generations when compared to 1 (6-fold). In contrast, sub-culturing for 10 generations compared to 1 under ambient CO2 conditions resulted in an increase in this toxin (12-fold).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kahla
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Centre for Plant Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and Agri-food Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Mariluz Delpino-Deelias
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Centre for Plant Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Pozo
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and Agri-food Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and Agri-food Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and Agri-food Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Fiona Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Centre for Plant Science, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammed A, Seid A, Terefe H, Cervini C, Verheecke-Vaessen C. Harvest and post-harvest handling practices associated with fumonisin B 1 contamination in maize (Zea mays L.): dietary exposure and risk characterization in eastern Ethiopia. Mycotoxin Res 2022; 38:275-287. [PMID: 36180815 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-022-00468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Abstract
Maize is the main staple food crop in the eastern part of Ethiopia. However, maize loss is a major issue due to fungal contamination especially at the post-harvest stage owing to inadequate handling practices. This study aimed to assess post-harvest handling and awareness against fungal development and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in maize and to calculate risk exposures of FB1. A total of 197 maize samples (grain and flour) were collected from five districts (Haramaya, Kersa, Meta, Oda Bultum, and Tullo). FB1 was detected using LC-MS/MS qTRAP. Exposure assessment was done based on the maize consumption rate per day in Ethiopia for different age groups (infants, children, and adults). Risk characterization depends on the margin of exposure (MoE) combined with the lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose level (BMDL). About 81% of farmers were not physically separating undamaged maize ears with damaged from either birds or fungi. Moreover, 100% were not using improved storage material. In storage samples, FB1 was detected as high as 1058 μg/kg ± 234 in the Kersa district while a minimum of 22.60 μg/kg ± 5.27 in Meta. In flour samples, the maximum FB1 (327 μg/kg) was detected from the Oda Bultum district. The maximum exposure of infants was estimated at Kersa (1131 µg/kg bw/day), followed by Oda Bultum (1073 µg/kg bw/day) and Haramaya (854 µg/kg bw/day). Overall, FB1 exposures ranged from 6.09 to 1131 µg/kg bw/day, which is 3 to 500 µg/kg bw/day higher than the maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 µg/kg bw/day recommended by the World Health Organization. The MoE ranged from 0.15 to 176, with infants being at higher risk than adults. The study highlights the urgent need to enhance growers' awareness and knowledge of good post-harvest practices to reduce mycotoxin contamination in maize. Further biomarker analysis must be pursued to determine the risk exposure assessment for different age groups in these areas with a priority for the Kersa district.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Mohammed
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
| | - Awol Seid
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Terefe
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Carla Cervini
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and Agri Food Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and Agri Food Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gil-Serna J, Patiño B, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Vázquez C, Medina Á. Searching for the Fusarium spp. Which Are Responsible for Trichothecene Contamination in Oats Using Metataxonomy to Compare the Distribution of Toxigenic Species in Fields from Spain and the UK. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090592. [PMID: 36136530 PMCID: PMC9506359 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of oats with Fusarium toxins poses a high risk for food safety. Among them, trichothecenes are the most frequently reported in European oats, especially in northern countries. The environmental conditions related to the climate change scenario might favour a distribution shift in Fusarium species and the presence of these toxins in Southern European countries. In this paper, we present an ambitious work to determine the species responsible for trichothecene contamination in Spanish oats and to compare the results in the United Kingdom (UK) using a metataxonomic approach applied to both oat grains and soil samples collected from both countries. Regarding T-2 and HT-2 toxin producers, F. langsethiae was detected in 38% and 25% of the oat samples from the UK and Spain, respectively, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of this fungus in oats from Spain. The relevant type B trichothecene producer, F. poae, was the most frequently detected Fusarium species in oats from both origins. Other important trichothecene producers, such as the Fusarium tricinctum species complex or Fusarium cerealis, were also frequently detected in oat fields. Many Fusarium toxins, including T-2 and HT-2 toxins, deoxynivalenol, or nivalenol, were detected in oat samples. The results obtained in this work revealed a clear change in the distribution of trichothecene producers and the necessity to establish the potential of these species to colonize oats and their ability to produce mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Gil-Serna
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Belén Patiño
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Covadonga Vázquez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garcia-Cela E, Sulyok M, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Medina A, Krska R, Magan N. Interacting Environmental Stress Factors Affect Metabolomics Profiles in Stored Naturally Contaminated Maize. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050853. [PMID: 35630299 PMCID: PMC9144858 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is interest in understanding the relationship between naturally contaminated commodities and the potential for the production of different useful and toxic secondary metabolites (SMs). This study examined the impact of interacting abiotic stress parameters of water availability and temperature of stored naturally contaminated maize on the SM production profiles. Thus, the effect of steady-state storage water activity (aw; 0.80−0.95) and temperature (20−35 °C) conditions on SM production patterns in naturally contaminated maize was examined. The samples were analysed using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to evaluate (a) the total number of known SMs, (b) their concentrations, and (c) changes under two-way interacting environmental stress conditions. A total of 151 metabolites were quantified. These included those produced by species of the Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium genera and other unspecified ones by other fungi or bacteria. There were significant differences in the numbers of SMs produced under different sets of interacting environmental conditions. The highest total number of SMs (80+) were present in maize stored at 20−25 °C and 0.95 aw. In addition, there was a gradation of SM production with the least number of SMs (20−30) produced under the driest conditions of 0.80 aw at 20−30 °C. The only exception was at 35 °C, where different production patterns occurred. There were a total of 38 Aspergillus-related SMs, with most detected at >0.85 aw, regardless of the temperature in the 50−500 ng/g range. For Fusarium-related SMs, the pattern was different, with approx. 10−12 SMs detected under all aw × temperature conditions with >50% produced at 500 ng/g. A total of 40−45 Penicillium-related SMs (50−500 ng/g) were detected in the stored maize but predominantly at 20−25 °C and 0.95 aw. Fewer numbers of SMs were found under marginal interacting abiotic stress storage conditions in naturally contaminated maize. There were approx. eight other known fungal SM present, predominantly in low concentrations (<50 ng/g), regardless of interacting abiotic conditions. Other unspecified SMs present consisted of <20 in low concentrations. The effect of interacting abiotic stress factors for the production of different suites of SMs to take account of the different ecological niches of fungal genera may be beneficial for identifying biotechnologically useful SMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (E.G.-C.); (C.V.-V.); (A.M.)
- Clinical, Pharmacology and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (E.G.-C.); (C.V.-V.); (A.M.)
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (E.G.-C.); (C.V.-V.); (A.M.)
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (M.S.); (R.K.)
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (E.G.-C.); (C.V.-V.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1234-758-308
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zuo Y, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Molitor C, Medina A, Magan N, Mohareb F. De novo genome assembly and functional annotation for Fusarium langsethiae. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:158. [PMID: 35193498 PMCID: PMC8864894 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarium langsethiae is a T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxins producing species firstly characterised in 2004. It is commonly isolated from oats in Northern Europe. T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxins exhibit immunological and haemotological effects in animal health mainly through inhibition of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis. The development of a high-quality and comprehensively annotated assembly for this species is therefore essential in providing the molecular understanding and the mechanism of T-2 and HT-2 biosynthesis in F. langsethiae to help develop effective control strategies. Results The F. langsethiae assembly was produced using PacBio long reads, which were then assembled independently using Canu, SMARTdenovo and Flye. A total of 19,336 coding genes were identified using RNA-Seq informed ab-initio gene prediction. Finally, predicting genes were annotated using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) against the NCBI non-redundant (NR) genome database and protein hits were annotated using InterProScan. Genes with blast hits were functionally annotated with Gene Ontology. Conclusions We developed a high-quality genome assembly of a total length of 59 Mb and N50 of 3.51 Mb. Raw sequence reads and assembled genome is publicly available and can be downloaded from: GenBank under the accession JAFFKB000000000. All commands used to generate this assembly are accessible via GitHub: https://github.com/FadyMohareb/fusarium_langsethiae. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08368-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zuo
- The Bioinformatics Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, MK43 0AL, Bedford, UK
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, College Road, MK43 0AL, Bedford, UK
| | - Corentin Molitor
- The Bioinformatics Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, MK43 0AL, Bedford, UK
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, College Road, MK43 0AL, Bedford, UK
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, College Road, MK43 0AL, Bedford, UK
| | - Fady Mohareb
- The Bioinformatics Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, MK43 0AL, Bedford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Verheecke-Vaessen C, Lopez-Pietro A, Garcia-Cela E, Medina A, Magan N. Intra-species variability in Fusarium langsethiae strains in growth and T-2/HT-2 mycotoxin production in response to climate change abiotic factors. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential intra-species variability of 3 Fusarium langsethiae strains in response to extreme climate change (CC) conditions on an oat-based matrix. The impact of elevated temperature (25 vs 30-34 °C) coupled with increasing drought stress (0.98 vs 0.95 aw) and elevated CO2 (400 vs 1000 ppm) were examined on lag phases prior to growth, growth rate, and production of the mycotoxins T-2 and HT-2 and their ratio. In comparison to the control conditions (25 °C; 0.98; 400 ppm), exposure to increased temperature (30-34 °C), showed similar reductions in the lag phase and fungal growth rates of all 3 strains. However, with elevated CO2 a reduction in both lag phases prior to growth and growth rate occurred regardless of the aw examined. For T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxin production, T-2 showed the most intra-species variability in response to the interacting abiotic stress factors, with the 3 strains having different environmental conditions for triggering increases in T-2 production: Strain 1 produced higher T-2 toxin at 25 °C, while Strain 2 and the type strain (Fl201059) produced most at 0.98 aw/30 °C. Only Strain 2 showed a reduction in toxin production when exposed to elevated CO2. HT-2 production was higher at 25 °C for the type strain and higher at 30-34 °C for the other two strains, regardless of the aw or CO2 level examined. The HT-2/T-2 ratio showed no significant differences due to the imposed interacting CC abiotic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - A. Lopez-Pietro
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering – Centro de Investigación Tecnológico Industrial (MTI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - E. Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL109AB, United Kingdom
| | - A. Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - N. Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Verheecke-Vaessen C, Garcia-Cela E, Lopez-Prieto A, Osk Jonsdottir I, Medina A, Magan N. Water and temperature relations of Fusarium langsethiae strains and modelling of growth and T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxin production on oat-based matrices. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 348:109203. [PMID: 33930835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the UK and Northern Europe, ripening oats can become contaminated with T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxins, produced mainly by Fusarium langsethiae. There are indicative levels related to the maximum limits for oat grain for these toxins. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of interacting conditions of temperature (10-30 °C) and water activity (aw, 0.995-0.90) on (a) lag times prior to growth, (b) growth and (c) T-2 and HT-2 toxins by two strains of F. langsethiae isolated from oats in the UK and compare this with the type strain (Fl201059) which has been genomically sequenced, and (d) develop (and validated with published data) a probabilistic models for impacts of temperature × aw on growth and toxin production. All three strains had an optimum aw range and temperature of 0.995-0.98 and 25 °C for growth. For T-2 + HT-2 production these were 0.995 aw and 20 °C. Overall, the type strain produced higher amounts of T-2 + HT-2 with a HT-2/T-2 ratio of up to 76. Using this study data sets and those from the literature, probabilistic models were developed and validated for growth and T-2 + HT-2 toxin production in relation to temperature × aw conditions. These models, when applied in stored oats, will be beneficial in determining the conditions on the relative level of risk of contamination with these two toxins in the context of the EU indicative maximum levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Esther Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK; Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL109AB, UK
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Prieto
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK; Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, Centro de Investigación Tecnológico Industrial (MTI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Inga Osk Jonsdottir
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdelmohsen S, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Garcia-Cela E, Medina A, Magan N. Dynamics of solute/matric stress interactions with climate change abiotic factors on growth, gene expression and ochratoxin A production by Penicillium verrucosum on a wheat-based matrix. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:62-68. [PMID: 33317777 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium verrucosum contaminates temperate cereals with ochratoxin A (OTA) during harvesting and storage. We examined the effect of temperature (25 vs 30 oC), CO2 (400 vs 1000 ppm) and matric/solute stress (-2.8 vs -7.0 MPa) on (i) growth, (ii) key OTA biosynthetic genes and (iii) OTA production on a milled wheat substrate. Growth was generally faster under matric than solute stress at 25 oC, regardless of CO2 concentrations. At 30 oC, growth of P. verrucosum was significantly reduced under solute stress in both CO2 treatments, with no growth observed at -2.8 MPa (=0.98 water activity, aw) and 1000 ppm CO2. Overall, growth patterns under solute stress was slower in elevated CO2 than under matric stress when compared with existing conditions. The otapksPV gene expression was increased under elevated CO2 levels in matric stress treatments. There was fewer effects on the otanrpsPV biosynthetic gene. This pattern was paralleled with the production of OTA under these conditions. This suggest that P. verrucosum is able to actively grow and survive in both soil and on crop debris under three way interacting climate-related abiotic factors. This resilience suggests that they would still be able to pose an OTA contamination risk in temperate cereals post-harvest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Abdelmohsen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Esther Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Portell X, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Torrelles-Ràfales R, Medina A, Otten W, Magan N, García-Cela E. Three-Dimensional Study of F. graminearum Colonisation of Stored Wheat: Post-Harvest Growth Patterns, Dry Matter Losses and Mycotoxin Contamination. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081170. [PMID: 32752221 PMCID: PMC7465026 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium causes significant post-harvest quality losses and mycotoxin contamination in stored wheat but the colonisation dynamics of the grain and how this may be affected by the initial inoculum position in the grain mass is poorly understood. This study examined the 3D growth kinetics and mycotoxin production (deoxynivalenol and zearalenone) by F. graminearum during hyphal colonisation from different initial inoculum positions in wheat microcosms (top-centre, bottom-centre, and bottom-side) maintained at two water activities (aw; 0.95 and 0.97). Clear jars were used to visually follow the colonisation dynamics. Fungal respiration and associated dry matter loss (DML) and ergosterol were also quantified. Colonisation dynamics was shown to be affected by the inoculation position. At the end of the colonisation process, fungal respiration and DML were driven by the inoculation position, and the latter also by the prevailing aw. Fungal biomass (ergosterol) was mainly affected by the aw. The initial inoculum position did not affect the relative mycotoxin production. There was a positive correlation between respiration and ergosterol, and between mycotoxin production and colonisation indicators. We suggest that spatially explicit predictive models can be used to better understand the colonisation patterns and mycotoxin contamination of stored cereal commodities and to aid more effective post-harvest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Portell
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; (X.P.); (W.O.)
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; (C.V.-V.); (R.T.-R.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Rosa Torrelles-Ràfales
- Applied Mycology Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; (C.V.-V.); (R.T.-R.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; (C.V.-V.); (R.T.-R.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Wilfred Otten
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; (X.P.); (W.O.)
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; (C.V.-V.); (R.T.-R.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Esther García-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; (C.V.-V.); (R.T.-R.); (A.M.); (N.M.)
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1707284596
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdelmohsen S, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Garcia-Cela E, Medina A, Magan N. Solute and matric potential stress on Penicillium verrucosum: impact on growth, gene expression and ochratoxin A production. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium verrucosum survives in soil and on cereal debris. It colonises grain during harvesting, drying and storage. There is no information on the relative tolerance of P. verrucosum to solute and matric stress in terms of colonisation, or on the biosynthetic toxin gene clusters or ochratoxin A (OTA) production. The objectives were to examine the effect of ionic and non-ionic solute and matric potential stress on (a) growth, (b) expression of two toxin biosynthetic genes otapksPV and otanrpsPV, and (c) OTA production by a strain of P. verrucosum. Optimum growth and OTA production were at -7.0 MPa (= 0.95 water activity, aw) and -1.4 MPa (= 0.99 aw), respectively, regardless of whether solute (Ψs) or matric (Ψm) stress was imposed. P. verrucosum was more sensitive to ionic solute stress (NaCl) with no growth at -19.6 MPa (=0.86 aw) while growth still occurred in the non-ionic solute (glycerol) and matric stress treatments. Relative gene expression of the biosynthetic genes using PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that the otapksPV gene was expressed over a wide range of ionic/non-ionic solute stress conditions (-1.4 to -14.0 MPa; = 0.99-0.90 aw). The highest expression was in the non-ionic Ψs stress treatments at -7.0 MPa (= 0.95 aw). However, the otanrpsPV gene was significantly up regulated under Ψm stress, especially with freely available water (-1.4 MPa = 0.99 aw). OTA production was significantly decreased as Ψs or Ψm stress were imposed. Limited OTA production occurred in the driest treatments under Ψs and Ψm stress respectively. The impact of these two types of stresses on the growth of P. verrucosum was quite different from that for OTA production. The results are discussed in the context of the life cycle and ecological characteristics of this species in contaminating cereals with OTA in the post-harvest phase of the cereal chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Abdelmohsen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - C. Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - E. Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - A. Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - N. Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Isidro-Sánchez J, D'Arcy Cusack K, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Kahla A, Bekele W, Doohan F, Magan N, Medina A. Genome-wide association mapping of Fusarium langsethiae infection and mycotoxin accumulation in oat (Avena sativa L.). Plant Genome 2020; 13:e20023. [PMID: 33016604 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium langsethiae is a symptomless pathogen of oat panicles that produces T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxins, two of the most potent trichothecenes produced by Fusarium fungi in cereals. In the last few years, the levels of these mycotoxin in oat grain has increased and the European commission have already recommended a maximum level for of 1000 μg kg-1 for unprocessed oat for human consumption. The optimal and most sustainable way of combating infection and mycotoxin contamination is by releasing resistant oat varieties. Here the objective was to determine if we could identify any genomic loci associated with either the accumulation of F. langsethiae DNA or mycotoxins in the grain. In each of two years, field trials were conducted wherein 190 spring oat varieties were inoculated with a mixture of three isolate of the pathogen. Mycotoxins were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Varieties were genotyped using 16,863 genotyping by sequencing markers. Genome-wide association studies associated 5 SNPs in the linkage group Mr06 with T-2 + HT-2 mycotoxin accumulation. Markers were highly correlated, and a single QTL was identified. The marker avgbs_6K_95238.1 mapped within genes showing similarity to lipase, lipase-like or lipase precursor mRNA sequences and zinc-finger proteins. These regions have previously been shown to confer a significant increase in resistance to Fusarium species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Isidro-Sánchez
- UCD Agriculture & Food Science, College of Health and Agriculture Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Kane D'Arcy Cusack
- UCD Agriculture & Food Science, College of Health and Agriculture Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Amal Kahla
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Wubishet Bekele
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Fiona Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Verheecke-Vaessen C, Monte J, Garcia-Cela E, Magan N, Medina A. Proof of concept: could snake venoms be a potential source of bioactive compounds for control of mould growth and mycotoxin production. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:459-465. [PMID: 32500546 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to screen 10 snake venoms for their efficacy to control growth and mycotoxin production by important mycotoxigenic fungi including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Penicillium verrucosum, Fusarium graminearum and F. langsethiae. The Bioscreen C rapid assay system was used. The venoms from the Viperidae snake family delayed growth of some of the test fungi, especially F. graminearum and F. langsethiae and sometimes A. flavus. Some were also able to reduce mycotoxin production. The two most potent crude snake venoms (Naja nigricollis and N. siamensis; 41 and 43 fractions, respectively) were further fractionated and 83/84 of these fractions were able to reduce mycotoxin production by >90% in two of the mycotoxigenic fungi examined. This study suggests that there may be significant potential for the identification of novel fungistatic/fungicidal bioactive compounds as preservatives of raw and processed food commodities post-harvest from such snake venoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK430AL, UK
| | - J Monte
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK430AL, UK.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, 2829 516, Portugal
| | - E Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK430AL, UK.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL109AB, UK
| | - N Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK430AL, UK
| | - A Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK430AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Garcia-Cela E, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Gutierrez-Pozo M, Kiaitsi E, Gasperini AM, Magan N, Medina A. Unveiling the effect of interacting forecasted abiotic factors on growth and aflatoxin B 1 production kinetics by Aspergillus flavus. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:89-94. [PMID: 33518209 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to decipher the temporal impact of key interacting climate change (CC) abiotic factors of temperature (30 vs 37 °C), water activity (aw; 0.985 vs 0.930) and CO2 exposure (400 vs 1000 ppm) on (a) growth of Aspergillus flavus and effects on (b) gene expression of a structural (aflD) and key regulatory gene (aflR) involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis and (c) AFB1 production on a yeast extract sucrose medium over a period of 10 days. A. flavus grew and produced AFB1 very early with toxin detected after only 48 h. Both growth and toxin production were significantly impacted by the interacting abiotic factors. The relative expression of the aflD gene was significantly influenced by temperature; aflR gene expression was mainly modulated by time. However, no clear relationship was observed for both genes with AFB1 production over the experimental time frame. The optimum temperature for AFB1 production was 30 °C. Maximum AFB1 production occurred between days 4-8. Exposure to higher CO2 conditions simulating forecasted CC conditions resulted in the amount of AFB1 produced in elevated temperature (37 °C) being higher than with the optimum temperature (30 °C) showing a potential for increased risk for human/animal health due to higher accumulation of this toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK; Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL109AB, UK
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Pozo
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK; Surface Engineering and Precision Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Elisavet Kiaitsi
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Alessandra M Gasperini
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 0AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cervini C, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Ferrara M, García-Cela E, Magistà D, Medina A, Gallo A, Magan N, Perrone G. Interacting climate change factors (CO 2 and temperature cycles) effects on growth, secondary metabolite gene expression and phenotypic ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius strains on a grape-based matrix. Fungal Biol 2019; 125:115-122. [PMID: 33518201 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known on the impact that climate change (CC) may have on Aspergillus carbonarius and Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination of grapes, especially in the Mediterranean region where in CC scenarios temperature are expected to increase by +2-5 °C and CO2 from 400 to 800/1200 ppm. This study examined the effect of (i) current and increased temperature in the alternating 11.5 h dark/12.5 h light cycle (15-28 °C vs 18-34 °C), representative of the North Apulia area, South Italy and (ii) existing and predicted CO2 concentrations (400 vs 1000 ppm), on growth, expression of biosynthetic genes (AcOTApks, AcOTAnrps, AcOTAhal, AcOTAp450, AcOTAbZIP) and regulatory genes of Velvet complex (laeA/veA/velB, "velvet complex") involved in OTA biosynthesis and OTA phenotypic production by three strains of A. carbonarius. The experiments made on a grape-based matrix showed that elevated CO2 resulted in a general stimulation of growth and OTA production. These results were also supported by the up-regulation of both structural and regulatory genes involved in the OTA biosynthesis. Our work has shown for the first time that elevated CO2 concentration in the Mediterranean region may result in an increased risk of OTA contamination in the wine production chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cervini
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy; Department of Economics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | | | - Massimo Ferrara
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Esther García-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Donato Magistà
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Antonia Gallo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Giancarlo Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gasperini AM, Rodriguez-Sixtos A, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Garcia-Cela E, Medina A, Magan N. Resilience of Biocontrol for Aflatoxin Minimization Strategies: Climate Change Abiotic Factors May Affect Control in Non-GM and GM-Maize Cultivars. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2525. [PMID: 31787944 PMCID: PMC6856084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been significant interest in the development of formulations of non-toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus for control of toxigenic strains to reduce the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of maize. In the future, climate change (CC) abiotic conditions of temperature (+2–4°C), CO2 (existing levels of 400 vs. 800–1,200 ppb), and drought stress will impact on the agronomy and control of pests and diseases. This study has examined (1) the effect of two-way interacting factors of water activity × temperature on colonization and AFB1 contamination of maize cobs of different ripening ages; (2) the effect of non-toxigenic strains of A. flavus (50:50 inoculum ratio) on relative control of toxigenic A. flavus and AFB1 contamination of ripening cobs; (3) post-harvest control of AFB1 by non-toxigenic strains of A. flavus in non-GM and isogenic GM maize cultivars using the same inoculum ratio; and (4) the impact of three-way interacting CC factors on relative control of AFB1 in maize cobs pre-harvest and in stored non-GM/GM cultivars. Pre-harvest colonization and AFB1 production by a toxigenic A. flavus strain was conserved at 37°C when compared with 30°C, at the three ripening stages of cob development examined: milk ripe (R3), dough (R4), and dent (R5). However, pre-harvest biocontrol with a non-toxigenic strain was only effective at the R3 and R4 stages and not at the R5 stage. This was supported by relative expression of the aflR regulatory biosynthetic gene in the different treatments. When exposed to three-way interacting CC factors for control of AFB1 pre-harvest, the non-toxigenic A. flavus strain was effective at R3 and £4 stages but not at the R5 stage. Post-harvest storage of non-GM and GM cultivars showed that control was achievable at 30°C, with slightly better control in GM-cultivars in terms of the overall inhibition of AFB1 production. However, in stored maize, the non-toxigenic strains of A. flavus had conserved biocontrol of AFB1 contamination, especially in the GM-maize cultivars under three-way interacting CC conditions (37°C × 1,000 ppm CO2 and drought stress). This was supported by the relative expression of the aflR gene in these treatments. This study suggests that the choice of the biocontrol strains, for pre- or post-harvest control, needs to take into account their resilience in CC-related abiotic conditions to ensure that control of AFB1 contamination can be conserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Marcon Gasperini
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Rodriguez-Sixtos
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garcia-Cela E, Gari Sanchez FJ, Sulyok M, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Medina A, Krska R, Magan N. Carbon dioxide production as an indicator of Aspergillus flavus colonisation and aflatoxins/cyclopiazonic acid contamination in shelled peanuts stored under different interacting abiotic factors. Fungal Biol 2019; 124:1-7. [PMID: 31892372 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is the main xerophylic species colonising stored peanuts resulting in contamination with aflatoxins (AFs) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). This study evaluated the relationship between storage of shelled peanuts under interacting abiotic conditions on (a) temporal respiration (R) and cumulative CO2 production, (b) dry matter losses (DMLs) and (c) aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and CPA accumulation. Both naturally contaminated peanuts and those inoculated with A. flavus were stored for 7-days under different water activities (aw; 0.77-0.95) and temperatures (20-35°C). There was an increase in the temporal CO2 production rates in wetter and warmer conditions, with the highest respiration at 0.95 aw + A. flavus inoculum at 30°C (2474 mg CO2kg-1h-1). The DMLs were modelled to produce contour maps of the environmental conditions resulting in maximum/minimum losses. Maximum mycotoxin contamination was always at 0.95 aw although optimal temperatures were 25-30°C for AFs and 30-35°C for CPA. These results showed a correlation between CO2 production and mycotoxin accumulation. They also provide valuable information for the creation of a database focused on the development of a post-harvest decision support system to determine the relative risks of contamination with these mycotoxins in stored shelled peanuts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds., MK43 AL5, UK.
| | - F J Gari Sanchez
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds., MK43 AL5, UK.
| | - M Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - C Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds., MK43 AL5, UK.
| | - A Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds., MK43 AL5, UK.
| | - R Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - N Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds., MK43 AL5, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Verheecke-Vaessen C, Diez-Gutierrez L, Renaud J, Sumarah M, Medina A, Magan N. Interacting climate change environmental factors effects on Fusarium langsethiae growth, expression of Tri genes and T-2/HT-2 mycotoxin production on oat-based media and in stored oats. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:618-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
20
|
Garcia-Cela E, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Magan N, Medina A. The ``-omics’’ contributions to the understanding of mycotoxin production under diverse environmental conditions. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
21
|
Zebiri S, Mokrane S, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Choque E, Reghioui H, Sabaou N, Mathieu F, Riba A. Occurrence of ochratoxin A in Algerian wheat and its milling derivatives. TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1438472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Zebiri
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Chikh Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Alger, Algeria
| | - Salim Mokrane
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Chikh Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Alger, Algeria
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique UMR 5503 (CNRS/INPT/UPS), INP de Toulouse/ENSAT, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
- Applied Mycology Group, AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, UK
| | - Elodie Choque
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique UMR 5503 (CNRS/INPT/UPS), INP de Toulouse/ENSAT, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Hocine Reghioui
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Chikh Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Alger, Algeria
| | - Nasserdine Sabaou
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Chikh Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Alger, Algeria
| | - Florence Mathieu
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique UMR 5503 (CNRS/INPT/UPS), INP de Toulouse/ENSAT, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Amar Riba
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Chikh Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Alger, Algeria
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université M'Hamed Bougara, Boumerdes, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lahoum A, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Bouras N, Sabaou N, Mathieu F. Taxonomy of mycelial actinobacteria isolated from Saharan soils and their efficiency to reduce aflatoxin B1 content in a solid-based medium. ANN MICROBIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-017-1253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|