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Sun Z, You Y, Xu H, You Y, He W, Wang Z, Li A, Xia Y. Food-Grade Expression of Two Laccases in Pichia pastoris and Study on Their Enzymatic Degradation Characteristics for Mycotoxins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38600054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination poses substantial health risks to humans and animals. In this study, the two laccases PpLac1 and AoLac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius and Aspergillus oryzae were selected and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris in a food-grade manner to detoxify aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON). Both laccases exhibited degradation activity toward these three mycotoxins, while the efficiency of these for DON was relatively low. Therefore, molecular docking between these laccases and DON was conducted to analyze their potential interaction mechanisms. Furthermore, the degradation conditions of AFB1 and ZEN by the two laccases were optimized, and the optimal degradation rates for AFB1 and ZEN by PpLac1 reached 78.51 and 78.90%, while those for AFB1 and ZEN by AoLac2 reached 72.27 and 80.60%, respectively. The laccases PpLac1 and AoLac2 successfully transformed AFB1 and ZEN into the compounds AFQ1 and 15-OH-ZEN, which were 90 and 98% less toxic than the original compounds, respectively. Moreover, the culture supernatants demonstrated effective mycotoxin degradation results for AFB1 and ZEN in contaminated feed samples. The residual levels of AFB1 and ZEN in all samples ranged from 6.61 to 8.72 μg/kg and 3.44 to 98.15 μg/kg, respectively, and these levels were below the limit set by the European Union standards. All of the results in this study indicated that the two laccases have excellent application potential in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yingxin You
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huidong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang You
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Aitao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Martin E, Dubessay P, Record E, Audonnet F, Michaud P. Recent advances in laccase activity assays: A crucial challenge for applications on complex substrates. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 173:110373. [PMID: 38091836 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being one of the first enzymes discovered in 1883, the determination of laccase activity remains a scientific challenge, and a barrier to the full use of laccase as a biocatalyst. Indeed, laccase, an oxidase of the blue multi-copper oxidases family, has a wide range of substrates including substituted phenols, aromatic amines and lignin-related compounds. Its one-electron mechanism requires only oxygen and releases water as a reaction product. These characteristics make laccase a biocatalyst of interest in many fields of applications including pulp and paper industry, biorefineries, food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. But to fully envisage the use of laccase at an industrial scale, its activity must be reliably quantifiable on complex substrates and in complex matrices. This review aims to describe current and emerging methods for laccase activity assays and place them in the context of a potential industrial use of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Record
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Audonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Armas-Tizapantzi A, Martínez Y Pérez JL, Fernández FJ, Mata G, Hernández-Cuevas LV, Ortiz Ortiz E, García Nieto E, Tomasini A, Sierra-Palacios E, Marcial-Quino J, Montiel-González AM. Silencing of the Laccase ( lacc2) Gene from Pleurotus ostreatus Causes Important Effects on the Formation of Toxocyst-like Structures and Fruiting Body. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098143. [PMID: 37175859 PMCID: PMC10179115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of biological functions, including those involved in the morphogenesis process of basidiomycete fungi, have been attributed to laccase enzymes. In this work, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to evaluate the role of the laccase (lacc2) gene of Pleurotus ostreatus PoB. Previously, transformant strains of P. ostreatus were obtained and according to their level of silencing they were classified as light (T7), medium (T21) or severe (T26 and T27). The attenuation of the lacc2 gene in these transformants was determined by RT-PCR. Silencing of lacc2 resulted in a decrease in laccase activity between 30 and 55%, which depended on the level of laccase expression achieved. The silenced strains (T21, T26, and T27) displayed a delay in the development of mycelium on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, whereas in the cultures grown on wheat straw, we found that these strains were incapable of producing aerial mycelium, primordia, and fruiting bodies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the presence of toxocyst-like structures. The highest abundance of these structures was observed in the wild-type (PoB) and T7 strains. However, the abundance of toxocysts decreased in the T21 and T26 strains, and in T27 they were not detected. These results suggest that the presence and abundance of toxocyst-like structures are directly related to the development of fruiting bodies. Furthermore, our data confirm that lacc2 is involved in the morphogenesis process of P. ostreatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Armas-Tizapantzi
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90062, Mexico
| | - José Luis Martínez Y Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico
| | - Francisco José Fernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Mata
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa 91073, Mexico
| | - Laura V Hernández-Cuevas
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico
| | - Elvia Ortiz Ortiz
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90000, Mexico
| | - Edelmira García Nieto
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico
| | - Araceli Tomasini
- Departamento de Biotecnología, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
| | - Edgar Sierra-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico 09620, Mexico
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico
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