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Bouhrour N, Nibbering PH, Bendali F. Medical Device-Associated Biofilm Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. Pathogens 2024; 13:393. [PMID: 38787246 PMCID: PMC11124157 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical devices such as venous catheters (VCs) and urinary catheters (UCs) are widely used in the hospital setting. However, the implantation of these devices is often accompanied by complications. About 60 to 70% of nosocomial infections (NIs) are linked to biofilms. The main complication is the ability of microorganisms to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms which protect them and help them to persist in the host. Indeed, by crossing the skin barrier, the insertion of VC inevitably allows skin flora or accidental environmental contaminants to access the underlying tissues and cause fatal complications like bloodstream infections (BSIs). In fact, 80,000 central venous catheters-BSIs (CVC-BSIs)-mainly occur in intensive care units (ICUs) with a death rate of 12 to 25%. Similarly, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are the most commonlyhospital-acquired infections (HAIs) worldwide.These infections represent up to 40% of NIs.In this review, we present a summary of biofilm formation steps. We provide an overview of two main and important infections in clinical settings linked to medical devices, namely the catheter-asociated bloodstream infections (CA-BSIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs), and highlight also the most multidrug resistant bacteria implicated in these infections. Furthermore, we draw attention toseveral useful prevention strategies, and advanced antimicrobial and antifouling approaches developed to reduce bacterial colonization on catheter surfaces and the incidence of the catheter-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Bouhrour
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Peter H. Nibbering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Farida Bendali
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
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Santinon C, Borges A, Simões M, Gonçalves ASC, Beppu MM, Vieira MGA. Visible-light photoactivated proanthocyanidin and kappa-carrageenan coating with anti-adhesive properties against clinically relevant bacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130611. [PMID: 38447837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The increase of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing concern worldwide and the search for new therapies could cost billions of dollars and countless lives. Inert surfaces are major sources of contamination due to easier adhesion and formation of bacterial biofilms, hindering the disinfection process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a photoactivatable and anti-adhesive kappa-carrageenan coating using proanthocyanidin as a photosensitizer. The complete reduction (>5-log10 CFU/cm3) of culturable cells of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogens was achieved after 30 min of exposure to visible light (420 nm; 30 mW/cm2) with 5 % (w/v) of the photosensitizer. Cell membrane damage was confirmed by measuring potassium leakage, epifluorescence microscopy and bacterial motility analysis. Overall, visible light irradiation on coated solid surfaces mediated by proanthocyanidin showed no cytotoxicity and inactivated clinically important pathogens through the generation of reactive oxygen species, inhibiting bacterial initial adhesion. The developed coating is a promising alternative for a wide range of applications related to surface disinfection and food biopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Santinon
- ªSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Albert Einstein Av., 500, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ariana S C Gonçalves
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Masumi Beppu
- ªSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Albert Einstein Av., 500, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira
- ªSchool of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Albert Einstein Av., 500, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Yalkut K, Ben Ali Hassine S, Basaran E, Kula C, Ozcan A, Avci FG, Keskin O, Sariyar Akbulut B, Ozbek P. Attenuation of Type IV pili activity by natural products. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38305801 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2310781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The virulence factor Type IV pili (T4P) are surface appendages used by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa for twitching motility and adhesion in the environment and during infection. Additionally, the use of these appendages by P. aeruginosa for biofilm formation increases its virulence and drug resistance. Therefore, attenuation of the activity of T4P would be desirable to control P. aeruginosa infections. Here, a computational approach has been pursued to screen natural products that can be used for this purpose. PilB, the elongation ATPase of the T4P machinery in P. aeruginosa, has been selected as the target subunit and virtual screening of FDA-approved drugs has been conducted. Screening identified two natural compounds, ergoloid and irinotecan, as potential candidates for inhibiting this T4P-associated ATPase in P. aeruginosa. These candidate compounds underwent further rigorous evaluation through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and then through in vitro twitching motility and biofilm inhibition assays. Notably, ergoloid emerged as a particularly promising candidate for weakening the T4P activity by inhibiting the elongation ATPases associated with T4P. This repurposing study paves the way for the timely discovery of antivirulence drugs as an alternative to classical antibiotic treatments to help combat infections caused by P. aeruginosa and related pathogens.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Yalkut
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Soumaya Ben Ali Hassine
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Basaran
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Kula
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Ozcan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gizem Avci
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Sariyar Akbulut
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pemra Ozbek
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Mareș C, Petca RC, Popescu RI, Petca A, Mulțescu R, Bulai CA, Ene CV, Geavlete PA, Geavlete BF, Jinga V. Update on Urinary Tract Infection Antibiotic Resistance-A Retrospective Study in Females in Conjunction with Clinical Data. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:106. [PMID: 38255721 PMCID: PMC10820678 DOI: 10.3390/life14010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a frequent pathology among the female population that has become more and more difficult to treat in the past decade, considering the increase in antibiotic resistance-a serious global public health problem. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted for six months to report an update regarding the rates of resistance and susceptibility of uropathogens necessary for optimal treatment. A total of 5487 patients were screened, of which 524 (9.54%) were female patients who met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, representing 290 cases (55.34%), followed by Enterococcus spp. 82 (15.64%). Escherichia coli presented the highest resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (R = 33.1%), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (R = 32.41%) and levofloxacin (R = 32.06%). The highest sensitivity rates were observed for fosfomycin (S = 96.55%), followed by imipenem (S = 93.1%). Enterococcus spp. showed the highest resistance to levofloxacin (R = 50.0%), followed by penicillin (R = 39.02%). The highest sensitivity was observed for fosfomycin (S = 90.24%), linezolid (S = 89.02%), and nitrofurantoin (S = 86.58%). The second most frequent Gram-negative uropathogen was represented by Klebsiella spp., which had the highest resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (R = 35.89%), followed by levofloxacin (R = 25.64) and trimethoprim-suflamethoxazole (R = 24.35%). The most frequently associated pathology was an episode of UTI in the previous year, followed by diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem for all clinicians who treat UTIs. An up-to-date knowledge of antibiotic resistance rates is a major necessity to stop its evolution. Overall, the highest resistance rates were observed for aminopenicillins, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The best susceptibility rates were observed for fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and carbapenems. Our report aims to guide clinicians whenever they are forced to prescribe antibiotics empirically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Mareș
- Department of Urology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (R.-I.P.); (C.A.B.); (C.V.E.); (P.A.G.); (B.F.G.); (V.J.)
- Department of Urology, “Saint John” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 13 Vitan-Barzesti Str., 042122 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Răzvan-Cosmin Petca
- Department of Urology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (R.-I.P.); (C.A.B.); (C.V.E.); (P.A.G.); (B.F.G.); (V.J.)
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 20 Panduri Str., 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Răzvan-Ionuț Popescu
- Department of Urology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (R.-I.P.); (C.A.B.); (C.V.E.); (P.A.G.); (B.F.G.); (V.J.)
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 20 Panduri Str., 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aida Petca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 17 Mărăști Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Răzvan Mulțescu
- Department of Urology, “Saint John” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 13 Vitan-Barzesti Str., 042122 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cătălin Andrei Bulai
- Department of Urology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (R.-I.P.); (C.A.B.); (C.V.E.); (P.A.G.); (B.F.G.); (V.J.)
- Department of Urology, “Saint John” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 13 Vitan-Barzesti Str., 042122 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cosmin Victor Ene
- Department of Urology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (R.-I.P.); (C.A.B.); (C.V.E.); (P.A.G.); (B.F.G.); (V.J.)
- Department of Urology, “Saint John” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 13 Vitan-Barzesti Str., 042122 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Petrișor Aurelian Geavlete
- Department of Urology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (R.-I.P.); (C.A.B.); (C.V.E.); (P.A.G.); (B.F.G.); (V.J.)
- Department of Urology, “Saint John” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 13 Vitan-Barzesti Str., 042122 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Florin Geavlete
- Department of Urology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (R.-I.P.); (C.A.B.); (C.V.E.); (P.A.G.); (B.F.G.); (V.J.)
- Department of Urology, “Saint John” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 13 Vitan-Barzesti Str., 042122 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Department of Urology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.); (R.-I.P.); (C.A.B.); (C.V.E.); (P.A.G.); (B.F.G.); (V.J.)
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 20 Panduri Str., 050659 Bucharest, Romania
- Medical Sciences Section, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
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Vadakkan K, Ngangbam AK, Sathishkumar K, Rumjit NP, Cheruvathur MK. A review of chemical signaling pathways in the quorum sensing circuit of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127861. [PMID: 37939761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an increasingly common competitive and biofilm organism in healthcare infection with sophisticated, interlinked and hierarchic quorum systems (Las, Rhl, PQS, and IQS), creates the greatest threats to the medical industry and has rendered prevailing chemotherapy medications ineffective. The rise of multidrug resistance has evolved into a concerning and potentially fatal occurrence for human life. P. aeruginosa biofilm development is assisted by exopolysaccharides, extracellular DNA, proteins, macromolecules, cellular signaling and interaction. Quorum sensing is a communication process between cells that involves autonomous inducers and regulators. Quorum-induced infectious agent biofilms and the synthesis of virulence factors have increased disease transmission, medication resistance, infection episodes, hospitalizations and mortality. Hence, quorum sensing may be a potential therapeutical target for bacterial illness, and developing quorum inhibitors as an anti-virulent tool could be a promising treatment strategy for existing antibiotics. Quorum quenching is a prevalent technique for treating infections caused by microbes because it diminishes microbial pathogenesis and increases microbe biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics, making it a potential candidate for drug development. This paper examines P. aeruginosa quorum sensing, the hierarchy of quorum sensing mechanism, quorum sensing inhibition and quorum sensing inhibitory agents as a drug development strategy to supplement traditional antibiotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayeen Vadakkan
- Department of Biology, St. Mary's College, Thrissur, Kerala 680020, India; Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur 795140, India.
| | | | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India; Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
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Subramaniyan Y, Khan A, Fathima F, Rekha PD. Differential expression of urease genes and ureolytic activity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in different nutritional conditions. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:383. [PMID: 37973630 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Uropathogens have adaptation strategies to survive in the host urinary tract by efficiently utilizing and tolerating the urinary metabolites. Many uropathogens harbour the enzyme urease for the breakdown of urea and the enzymatic breakdown of urea increases the pH and facilitate the struvite crystallization. In this study, the differential urease activity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was investigated under different nutritional conditions. The experiments included measurement of growth, pH, urease activity, NH4-N generation and urease gene (ureC) expression among the bacterial strains under different conditions. Further, the implications of urea breakdown on the struvite crystallization in vitro and biofilm formation were also assessed. The study included urease positive isolates and for comparison urease negative isolates were included. Compared to the urease negative strains the urease positive strains formed higher biofilms and motility. The urease positive P. aeruginosa showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) pH and urease activity (A557-A630) compared to E. coli under experimental conditions. Further, supplementation of glucose to the growth media significantly increased the urease activity in P. aeruginosa and in contrast, it was significantly lower in E. coli. The expression profile of urease gene (ureC) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in P. aeruginosa compared to E. coli and was consistent with the biochemical results of the urease activity under the nutritional conditions. The differential urease activity under two nutritional conditions influenced the biogenic struvite crystallization. It correlated with the urease activity showing higher crystallization rate in P. aeruginosa compared to E. coli. The results highlight the differential urease activity in two common uropathogens under different nutritional conditions that may have significant role on the regulation of virulence, pathogenicity and in the kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvarajan Subramaniyan
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Altaf Khan
- Department of Urology, Yenepoya Medical College and Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Fida Fathima
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Punchappady Devasya Rekha
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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de Sousa T, Silva C, Alves O, Costa E, Igrejas G, Poeta P, Hébraud M. Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance and the Impact of Imipenem + Cilastatin Synergy with Tetracycline in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Sepsis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2687. [PMID: 38004699 PMCID: PMC10673103 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the most ubiquitous bacteria in the natural world, exhibiting metabolic and physiological versatility, which makes it highly adaptable. Imipenem + cilastatin and tetracycline are antibiotic combinations commonly used to treat infections caused by P. aeruginosa, including serious infections such as sepsis. In the context of bacterial infections, biofilm, formed by bacterial cells surrounded by extracellular substances forming a matrix, plays a pivotal role in the resistance of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics. This study aimed to characterize a representative panel of P. aeruginosa isolates from septicemias, assessing their susceptibility to various antibiotics, specifically, imipenem + cilastatin and tetracycline, and the impact of these treatments on biofilm formation. Results from antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed sensitivity in most isolates to six antibiotics, with four showing near or equal to 100% sensitivity. However, resistance was observed in some antibiotics, albeit at minimal levels. Notably, tetracycline showed a 100% resistance phenotype, while imipenem + cilastatin predominantly displayed an intermediate phenotype (85.72%), with some resistance (38.1%). Microdilution susceptibility testing identified effective combinations against different isolates. Regarding biofilm formation, P. aeruginosa demonstrated the ability to produce biofilms. The staining of microtiter plates confirmed that specific concentrations of imipenem + cilastatin and tetracycline could inhibit biofilm production. A significant proportion of isolates exhibited resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics because of the presence of modifying genes (aac(3)-II and aac(3)-III), reducing their effectiveness. This study also explored various resistance genes, unveiling diverse resistance mechanisms among P. aeruginosa isolates. Several virulence genes were detected, including the las quorum-sensing system genes (lasI and lasR) in a significant proportion of isolates, contributing to virulence factor activation. However, genes related to the type IV pili (T4P) system (pilB and pilA) were found in limited isolates. In conclusion, this comprehensive study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of P. aeruginosa, a remarkably adaptable bacterium with a widespread presence in the natural world. Our findings provide valuable insights into the ongoing battle against P. aeruginosa infections, highlighting the need for tailored antibiotic therapies and innovative approaches to combat biofilm-related resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma de Sousa
- MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.d.S.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.d.S.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Olimpia Alves
- Hospital Centre of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Clinical Pathology Department, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (O.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Eliana Costa
- Hospital Centre of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Clinical Pathology Department, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (O.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patricia Poeta
- MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.d.S.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Michel Hébraud
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDiS), 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Zhang X, Zhu Y, Gao Y, Li W, Wang Y, Li Y. Evaluation and analysis of multidrug resistance- and hypervirulence-associated genes in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains among children in an area of China for five consecutive years. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1280012. [PMID: 37901827 PMCID: PMC10602738 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) is a growing threat. It is urgent to investigate the multidrug resistance and high virulence of CRPA to provide a basis for infection control and rational use of antibiotics. Methods A retrospective study of 56 nonduplicated CRPA isolates was conducted. Results CRPA mainly came from the intensive care unit (ICU) and was mostly isolated from sputum samples. The carbapenem resistance rates of P. aeruginosa were 21.37% (2016), 10.62, 5.88, 10 and 13.87% from 2016 to 2020, respectively. Carbapenem-resistant enzymes and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme-encoding genes were detected in all isolates, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase and cephalosporin enzyme-encoding genes were present in 96.43 and 80.38% of isolates, respectively. The detection rate of OprM showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the ICU and other wards. Genes related to biofilms, membrane channel proteins, I integrons and efflux systems were detected in all isolates, with detection rates greater than 90%. CRPA was strongly virulent, and over 80% of isolates carried hypervirulence-associated genes (exoU, exoS, exoT, and exoY). The drug resistance rates of cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between strains with exoU (+) and exoU (-) (p < 0.05). Notably, out of the 7 individuals who died, 4 had extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa (57.14%). Discussion The detection rates of various resistance and virulence genes were high, and the coexistence phenomenon was serious. In clinical practice, antibiotics should be used reasonably based on different drug resistance genes to ensure the rationality and safety of patient medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Medical College of Pediatrics, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfen Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunzhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Clinical Medical College of Pediatrics, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Medical College of Pediatrics, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Aqel H, Sannan N, Foudah R, Al-Hunaiti A. Enzyme Production and Inhibitory Potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Contrasting Clinical and Environmental Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1354. [PMID: 37760651 PMCID: PMC10525495 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study summarizes the findings of two studies investigating the inhibitory effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from clinical and environmental sources against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The studies also analyzed the correlation between enzyme production and inhibitory effects to gain insights into the antimicrobial capabilities of P. aeruginosa strains; (2) Methods: Both studies employed similar methodologies, including the use of disk diffusion and well diffusion methods to assess the inhibitory effects of P. aeruginosa strains against target pathogens. Enzyme production was analyzed through various biochemical assays to determine the diversity and frequencies of enzyme secretion among the strains; (3) Results: A comparative analysis of enzyme production in P. aeruginosa strains from clinical sources revealed significant variations in enzyme production, with hemolysin and protease being the most commonly produced enzymes. Gelatinase production showed lower rates, whereas chondroitinase and hyaluronidase were absent or occurred less frequently. In contrast, a comparative analysis of enzyme production in environmental isolates showed different patterns, indicating adaptation to environmental conditions. Pyocyanin production was absent in all environmental isolates. The inhibitory effects against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria varied among different P. aeruginosa strains, with strain-specific variations observed. Limited inhibitory effects were observed against fungi, primarily toward gram-positive bacteria; (4) Conclusions: The findings highlight the strain-specific nature of inhibitory effects and enzyme production in P. aeruginosa strains. The correlation between enzyme production and inhibitory effects against gram-positive bacteria suggest a potential role of specific enzymes, such as hemolysin and protease, in the antimicrobial activity. The complexity of the relationship between enzyme production and the inhibition of different pathogens requires further investigation. The results emphasize the potential of P. aeruginosa strains as sources for antimicrobial strategies, particularly against gram-positive bacteria. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying these inhibitory effects and exploring their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Aqel
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Sannan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramy Foudah
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Al-Hunaiti
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jordan University, Amman 11942, Jordan
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