1
|
Xue S, Yang L, Xu M, Zhang Y, Liu H. The screening of α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides from β-conglycinin and hypoglycemic mechanism in HepG2 cells and zebrafish larvae. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134678. [PMID: 39137852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes is a key focus across diverse fields, given the prominence of α-glucosidase inhibitors as preferred oral hypoglycaemic drugs for diabetes treatment. β-conglycinin is the most abundant functional protein in soy; however, it is unclear whether the peptides produced after its gastrointestinal digestion exhibit α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. Therefore, we examined the α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of soy peptides. Specifically, β-conglycinin was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion by enzymatically cleaving it into 95 peptides with gastric, pancreatic and chymotrypsin enzymes. Eight soybean peptides were selected based on their predicted activity; absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity score; and molecular docking analysis. The results indicated that hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions play important roles in inhibiting α-glucosidase, with the tripeptide SGR exhibiting the greatest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 10.57 μg/mL). In vitro studies revealed that SGR markedly improved glucose metabolism disorders in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells without affecting cell viability. Animal experiments revealed that SGR significantly improved blood glucose and decreased maltase activity in type 2 diabetic zebrafish larvae, but it did not result in the death of zebrafish larvae. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SGR exerts its anti-diabetic and hypoglycaemic effects by attenuating the expression of several genes, including Slc2a1, Hsp70, Cpt2, Serpinf1, Sfrp2 and Ggt1a. These results suggest that SGR is a potential food-borne bioactive peptide for managing diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; Grain and Cereal Food Bio-efficient Transformation Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; Grain and Cereal Food Bio-efficient Transformation Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| | - Mengnan Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; Grain and Cereal Food Bio-efficient Transformation Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; Grain and Cereal Food Bio-efficient Transformation Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; Grain and Cereal Food Bio-efficient Transformation Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nayak A, Khedri A, Chavarria A, Sanders KN, Ghalei H, Khoshnevis S. Sinefungin, a natural nucleoside analog of S-adenosyl methionine, impairs the pathogenicity of Candida albicans. NPJ ANTIMICROBIALS AND RESISTANCE 2024; 2:23. [PMID: 39268078 PMCID: PMC11391927 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-024-00040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Current antifungals are limited by toxicity, drug-drug interactions, and emerging resistance, underscoring the importance of identifying novel treatment approaches. Here, we elucidate the impact of sinefungin, an analog of S-adenosyl methionine, on the virulence of C. albicans strain SC5314 and clinical isolates. Our data indicate that sinefungin impairs pathogenic traits of C. albicans including hyphal morphogenesis, biofilm formation, adhesion to epithelial cells, and virulence towards Galleria mellonella, highlighting sinefungin as an avenue for therapeutic intervention. We determine that sinefungin particularly disturbs N6-methyladenosine (m6A) formation. Transcriptome analysis of C. albicans hyphae upon sinefungin treatment reveals an increase in transcripts related to the yeast form and decrease in those associated with hyphae formation and virulence. Collectively, our data propose sinefungin as a potent molecule against C. albicans and emphasize further exploration of post-transcriptional control mechanisms of pathogenicity for antifungal design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Azam Khedri
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alejandro Chavarria
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyla N. Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Homa Ghalei
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sohail Khoshnevis
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang H, Meng Y, Han X, Meng X, Yang B, Zhang C, Wang X, Yu J, Al-Asmari F, Dablool AS, Sameeh MY, Shi C. Changes in the ability of Listeria monocytogenes to resist thermal treatment and simulated gastric condition after exposure to sequential stresses in minced meat. Food Res Int 2024; 192:114765. [PMID: 39147557 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Listeria monocytogenes from minced pork was evaluated for changes in resistance to thermal treatment and gastric fluid following environmental stresses during food processing. Bacteria were exposed to cold stress, followed by successive exposures to different stressors (lactic acid (LA), NaCl, or Nisin), followed by thermal treatments, and finally, their gastrointestinal tolerance was determined. Adaptation to NaCl stress reduced the tolerance of L. monocytogenes to subsequent LA and Nisin stress. Adaptation to LA stress increased bacterial survival in NaCl and Nisin-stressed environments. Bacteria adapted to Nisin stress showed no change in tolerance to subsequent stress conditions. In addition, treatment with NaCl and LA enhanced the thermal tolerance of L. monocytogenes, but treatment with Nisin decreased the thermal tolerance of the bacteria. Almost all of the sequential stresses reduced the effect of a single stress on bacterial thermal tolerance. The addition of LA and Nisin as a second step of stress reduced the tolerance of L. monocytogenes to gastric fluid, whereas the addition of NaCl enhanced its tolerance. The results of this study are expected to inform processing conditions and sequences for meat preservation and processing and reduce uncertainty in risk assessment of foodborne pathogens due to stress adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Yujie Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xintong Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinru Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiangtao Yu
- Yangling Hesheng Irradiation Technology Co. Ltd., Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fahad Al-Asmari
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas S Dablool
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 25100, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Y Sameeh
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dubljanin E, Zunic J, Vujcic I, Colovic Calovski I, Sipetic Grujicic S, Mijatovic S, Dzamic A. Host-Pathogen Interaction and Resistance Mechanisms in Dermatophytes. Pathogens 2024; 13:657. [PMID: 39204257 PMCID: PMC11357293 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes are widely distributed in the environment, with an estimated prevalence of 20-25% of the the global population yearly. These fungi are keratinophilic and keratinolytic and cause the infection of keratin-rich structures such as skin, hair, and nails. The pattern of this infectious disease covers a wide spectrum from exposed individuals without symptoms to those with acutely inflammatory or non-inflammatory, chronic to invasive, and even life-threatening symptoms. This review summarizes current information on the pathogenicity, virulence factors, and drug resistance mechanisms associated with dermatophytes. A greater number of virulence factors of these fungi are important for the occurrence of infection and the changes that occur, including those regarding adhesins, the sulfite efflux pump, and proteolytic enzymes. Other virulence factors include mechanisms of evading the host defense, while the development of resistance to antifungal drugs is increasing, resulting in treatment failure. The investigation of host-pathogen interactions is essential for developing a more complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying dermatophyte pathogenesis and host response to inform the use of diagnostics methods and antifungal therapeutics to minimize the high fungal burden caused by dermatophytes and to control the spread of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Dubljanin
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Zunic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isidora Vujcic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Colovic Calovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Sipetic Grujicic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Mijatovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Dzamic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|