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Madni H, Mohamed HA, Abdelrahman HAM, Dos Santos-Silva CA, Benko-Iseppon AM, Khatir Z, Eltai NO, Mohamed NA, Crovella S. In silico-designed antimicrobial peptide targeting MRSA and E. coli with antibacterial and antibiofilm actions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12127. [PMID: 38802469 PMCID: PMC11130184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a paramount global health issue, with numerous bacterial strains continually fortifying their resistance against diverse antibiotics. This surge in resistance levels primarily stems from the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human, animal, and environmental contexts. In this study, we advocate for exploring alternative molecules exhibiting antibacterial properties to counteract the escalating antibiotic resistance. We identified a synthetic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) by using computational search in AMP public databases and further engineering through molecular docking and dynamics. Microbiological evaluation, cytotoxicity, genotoycity, and hemolysis experiments were then performed. The designed AMP underwent rigorous testing for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), representing gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Subsequently, the safety profile of the AMP was assessed in vitro using human fibroblast cells and a human blood sample. The selected AMP demonstrated robust antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against MRSA and E. coli, with an added assurance of non-cytotoxicity and non-genotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. Also, the AMP did not demonstrate any hemolytic activity. Our findings emphasize the considerable promise of the AMP as a viable alternative antibacterial agent, showcasing its potential to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Madni
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hana A Mohamed
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Center Cesamc, PO Box 57051-160, Naceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Zenaba Khatir
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nahla O Eltai
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nura A Mohamed
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Chen Q, Wu F, Chen X, Yang Q, Ye B, Chen X, Zhang X, Pan Q. Effects of Dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SCAU-070 (Based on a Woody Plant-Based Diet) on Antioxidation, Immune and Intestinal Microbiota of Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Microorganisms 2024; 12:1049. [PMID: 38930431 PMCID: PMC11205437 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) as one woody forage addition (as a probiotic, 1 × 107 CFU/g) on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Woody forage is one kind of fishery feed that could significantly enhance the growth, feed utilization, and digestibility of tilapia. At first, tilapia was divided into eight groups and fed with control, control + BA, Moringa oleifera, M. oleifera + BA, Neolamarckia cadamba, N. cadamba + BA, Broussonetia papyrifera, and B. papyrifera + BA diets, respectively. After dieting for 8 weeks, the intestinal morphology of tilapia in the eight groups was observed, and the effects of the B. amyloliquefaciens addition and wordy forage on the intestine functions were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. As no significant negative effects were found on the woody forage on tilapia, the villus height, density and width, and epithelial goblet cells in the posterior intestines of tilapia with BA supplementation were greater than those in the groups without BA supplementation, suggesting B. amyloliquefaciens SCAU-070 could promote the growth and development of tilapia intestinal tracts. Furthermore, it was found that B. amyloliquefaciens SCAU-070 enhanced the antioxidation capacity of tilapia posterior intestine tissue by promoting the activity of superoxide dismutase and content of malondialdehyde. In addition, the result of high-throughput sequencing (16S rDNA) showed that the beneficial bacteria Cetobacterium and Romboutsia in the probiotic groups increased significantly, while the potential pathogenic bacteria Acinetobacter decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.C.); (F.W.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (X.C.)
| | - Qin Pan
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.C.); (F.W.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.); (X.C.)
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Link DT, Viana GGF, Siqueira LP, Ferraz CM, Rodrigues RA, Mathias LA, Cardozo MV, Rossi GAM. Assessing the Microbial Quality of Shrimp ( Xiphonaeus kroyeri) and Mussels ( Perna perna) Illegally Sold in the Vitória Region, Brazil, and Investigating the Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:242. [PMID: 38534677 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of seafood is crucial for food security, but poor hygiene along the food production chain can result in low microbiological quality, posing significant risks for public health and seafood quality. Thus, this study aimed to assess the microbiological quality and antimicrobial sensitivity of E. coli from 69 samples of illegally marketed shrimp and mussels in the Vitória Region, Brazil. These foods exhibited poor microbiological quality due to high counts of mesophilic, psychrotrophic, and enterobacteria microorganisms. While this issue is widespread in this area, shrimp samples displayed higher microbial counts compared to mussels, and fresh mussels had elevated counts of enterobacteria compared to frozen ones. Among the 10 E. coli isolates, none carried the genes blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-15, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and tet, associated with antibiotic resistance. Phenotypical resistance to tetracycline and fosfomycin was not observed in any isolate, while only 20% demonstrated resistance to ciprofloxacin. Regarding ampicillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, 60% of isolates were resistant, 10% showed intermediate susceptibility, and 30% were sensitive. One isolate was considered simultaneously resistant to β-lactams and quinolones, and none were conserved as ESBL producers. These findings highlight the inherent risks to local public health that arise from consuming improperly prepared seafood in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Tosta Link
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Pasolini Siqueira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil
| | - Carolina Magri Ferraz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil
| | - Romário Alves Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Mathias
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marita Vedovelli Cardozo
- Microorganism Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science and Health, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos 37900-004, MG, Brazil
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Khazaei R, Seidavi A, Bouyeh M, Ogbuagu NE, González DNT, Elghandour MMMY, Salem AZM. Effects of varying levels of Cynara scolymus powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbiota, immune and haemato-biochemical parameters in female quails. Res Vet Sci 2024; 169:105162. [PMID: 38301341 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying levels of dietary Cynara scolymus (CS) powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbiota, immune and haemato-biochemical parameters in female quails. A total of 120-day-old female quails used for the research were divided into 3 treatment groups: 0% CS, 0.75% CS and 1.50% CS having 4 replicates (n = 10). Blood samples collected were analyzed for differential leukocyte count, red blood cell count and its indices, uric acid, lipid profile, liver enzymes, calcium, phosphorous, creatinine, thyroid hormone, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and antibody titres. Quails were euthanized for evaluation of carcass and microbial bacteria and sensory characteristics of the breast and thigh meat. Supplementation of CS at 0.75% and 1.50% increased (P < 0.05) wing, drumstick, ileum, jejunum and spleen lengths, high-density lipoprotein, and decreased (P < 0.05) low-density lipoprotein: high-density lipoprotein ratio. Diets supplemented with 0.75% CS increased (P < 0.05) albumin while 1.50% decreased (P < 0.05) abdominal fat and increased (P < 0.05) corpuscular volume, red blood cell count, lactobacillus population, and color of thigh meat. Both CS levels (0.75% and 1.50%) may improve intestinal morphology, quality of meat, immunity, erythropoiesis, intestinal microbial population, and decrease bad cholesterol in quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Khazaei
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bouyeh
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ngozi Ejum Ogbuagu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Deli Nazmín Tirado González
- Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM)/Instituto Tecnológico el Llano Aguascalientes (ITEL), Carr. Ags.-SLP km 18.5, El Llano, C.P. 20330 Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Wataradee S, Boonserm T, Samngamnim S, Ajariyakhajorn K. Characterization of Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae Associated with Bovine Mastitis Cases in Thailand. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:447. [PMID: 38338090 PMCID: PMC10854646 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is a contagious pathogen that causes bovine mastitis. The ability of S. agalactiae to cause widespread mastitis relies on bacterial virulence factors. In this study, we detected 10 virulence determinants associated with mastitis pathogenicity using conventional PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 S. agalactiae isolates from 13 Thai dairy herds was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. All strains had at least three virulence factors responsible for invasion, adhesion, and infection (fbsB, bibA, and cfb, respectively). The predominant virulent profile of S. agalactiae strains revealed the presence of fbsA, fbsB, bibA, cfb, and cyl (n = 96). Most strains were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftiofur, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and vancomycin. However, all strains were resistant to aminoglycosides, including kanamycin and gentamicin attributed to the unnecessary antimicrobial use. Furthermore, we identified seven multidrug resistant (MDR) S. agalactiae strains among four dairy herds, of which, two were vancomycin resistant. Our study provides profiles for virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility, which are beneficial for the clinical monitoring, prevention, and control of bovine mastitis in dairy cattle in Thailand. Moreover, we emphasize the need for awareness regarding the judicious use of antimicrobials on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kittisak Ajariyakhajorn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.W.); (T.B.); (S.S.)
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Anokyewaa Appau AA, Ofori LA. Antibiotic Resistance Profile of E. coli Isolates from Lettuce, Poultry Manure, Irrigation Water, and Soil in Kumasi, Ghana. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:6681311. [PMID: 38312829 PMCID: PMC10838198 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6681311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Inputs such as irrigation water and poultry manure used in lettuce cultivation have been found to be associated with antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The study assessed the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from lettuce, poultry manure, irrigation water, and soil in Kumasi. One hundred and fifty-six samples of lettuce, irrigation water, soil, and manure were collected from three farms over a seven-week cultivation period (seedlings to harvest stage). E. coli were enumerated using standard methods. 98% of the samples were positive for E. coli. Geometric means for lettuce, irrigation water, and soil ranged from 2.0 × 105 to 1.67 × 107 MPN/100 ml while that of manure ranged from 2.0 × 105 to 1.31 × 107 MPN/100 ml. Generally, the microbial load of all parameters on all farms across the weeks was significant and exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) and International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF) standard recommendations for food. Using the Kirby Bauer method, antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed against 225 biochemically confirmed E. coli with twelve antibiotics. Relatively high resistance was recorded for some members of the beta-lactam class: meropenem: 94.2%, ampicillin: 91.9%, cefuroxime: 95.1%, ceftriaxone: 94.7%, and cefotaxime: 94.2%. Eighty of the isolates were screened for extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production using cefotaxime (CTX) and cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (CTX/CLA) discs and three showed positive: one each from poultry manure, irrigation water, and soil. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of blaCTX-M gene. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in vegetables and their production environment is alarming and poses serious health threats to the general public. The presence of blaCTX-M gene in E. coli from a vegetable production site recorded for the first time in Ghana requires enforcement by regulatory bodies on the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Aurelia Ofori
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Habib I, Elbediwi M, Mohteshamuddin K, Mohamed MYI, Lakshmi GB, Abdalla A, Anes F, Ghazawi A, Khan M, Khalifa H. Genomic profiling of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from Pets in the United Arab Emirates: Unveiling colistin resistance mediated by mcr-1.1 and its probable transmission from chicken meat - A One Health perspective. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16 Suppl 1:163-171. [PMID: 37957104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has witnessed rapid urbanization and a surge in pet ownership, sparking concerns about the possible transfer of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from pets to humans and the environment. This study delves into the whole-genome sequencing analysis of ESBL-producing E. coli strains from healthy cats and dogs in the UAE, which exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR). Additionally, it provides a genomic exploration of the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1.1, marking the first instance of its detection in Middle Eastern pets. METHODS We investigate 17 ESBL-producing E. coli strains from healthy UAE pets using WGS and bioinformatics analysis to identify genes encoding virulence factors, assign diverse typing schemes to the isolates, and scrutinize the presence of AMR genes. Furthermore, we characterized plasmid contigs housing the mcr-1.1 gene and conducted phylogenomic analysis to evaluate their relatedness to previously identified UAE isolates. RESULTS Our study unveiled a variety of virulence factor-encoding genes within the isolates, with fimH emerging as the most prevalent. Regarding β-lactamase resistance genes, the blaCTX group 1 gene family predominated, with CTX-M-15 found in 52.9% (9/17) of the isolates, followed by CTX-M-55 in 29.4% (5/17). These isolates were categorized into multiple sequence types (STs), with the epidemic ST131 being the most frequent. The presence of the mcr-1.1 gene, linked to colistin resistance, was confirmed in two isolates. These isolates belonged to ST1011 and displayed distinct profiles of β-lactamase resistance genes. Phylogenomic analysis revealed close connections between the isolates and those from chicken meat in the UAE. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the presence of MDR ESBL-producing E. coli in UAE pets. The identification of mcr-1.1-carrying isolates warrants the urgency of comprehensive AMR surveillance and highlights the role of companion animals in AMR epidemiology. These findings underscore the significance of adopting a One Health approach to mitigate AMR transmission risks effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Habib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Elbediwi
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaja Mohteshamuddin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Glindya Bhagya Lakshmi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afra Abdalla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Febin Anes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akela Ghazawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mushtaq Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazim Khalifa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
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Šovljanski O, Ranitović A, Tomić A, Ćetković N, Miljković A, Saveljić A, Cvetković D. Synergistic Strategies of Heat and Peroxyacetic Acid Disinfection Treatments for Salmonella Control. Pathogens 2023; 12:1336. [PMID: 38003799 PMCID: PMC10674339 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The food industry has recognized a pressing need for highly effective disinfection protocols to decrease the risk of pathogen emergence and proliferation in food products. The integration of antimicrobial treatments in food production has occurred as a potential strategy to attain food items of superior quality with respect to microbiological safety and sensory attributes. This study aims to investigate the individual and synergistic effects of heat and peroxyacetic acid on the inactivation of bacterial cells, considering various contact times and environmental conditions. Four Salmonella serotypes, isolated from industrial meat production surfaces, were employed as model organisms. By systematically assessing the impacts of individual factors and synergistic outcomes, the effectiveness of bacterial cell inactivation and the efficiency of heat and peroxyacetic acid could be predicted. To better approximate real-world food processing conditions, this study also incorporated a bovine albumin-rich condition as a simulation of the presence of organic loads in processing steps. The findings revealed the essential need for a synergistic interplay of investigated parameters with the following optimized values: 1.5% concentration of peroxyacetic acid, temperature range of 60-65 °C, and contact time of 3 min for the complete effect regardless of the degree of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olja Šovljanski
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (A.T.); (A.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Ranitović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (A.T.); (A.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Ana Tomić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (A.T.); (A.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Nenad Ćetković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.Ć.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Miljković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.Ć.); (A.M.)
| | - Anja Saveljić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (A.T.); (A.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Dragoljub Cvetković
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.R.); (A.T.); (A.S.); (D.C.)
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