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Odinot E, Bisotto-Mignot A, Frezouls T, Bissaro B, Navarro D, Record E, Cadoret F, Doan A, Chevret D, Fine F, Lomascolo A. A New Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase from the Brown-Rot Fungus Neolentinus lepideus Natively Decarboxylates Biosourced Sinapic Acid into Canolol, a Bioactive Phenolic Compound. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:181. [PMID: 38391667 PMCID: PMC10886158 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed meal (RSM) is a cheap, abundant and renewable feedstock, whose biorefinery is a current challenge for the sustainability of the oilseed sector. RSM is rich in sinapic acid (SA), a p-hydroxycinnamic acid that can be decarboxylated into canolol (2,6-dimethoxy-4-vinylphenol), a valuable bioactive compound. Microbial phenolic acid decarboxylases (PADs), mainly described for the non-oxidative decarboxylation of ferulic and p-coumaric acids, remain very poorly documented to date, for SA decarboxylation. The species Neolentinus lepideus has previously been shown to biotransform SA into canolol in vivo, but the enzyme responsible for bioconversion of the acid has never been characterized. In this study, we purified and characterized a new PAD from the canolol-overproducing strain N. lepideus BRFM15. Proteomic analysis highlighted a sole PAD-type protein sequence in the intracellular proteome of the strain. The native enzyme (NlePAD) displayed an unusual outstanding activity for decarboxylating SA (Vmax of 600 U.mg-1, kcat of 6.3 s-1 and kcat/KM of 1.6 s-1.mM-1). We showed that NlePAD (a homodimer of 2 × 22 kDa) is fully active in a pH range of 5.5-7.5 and a temperature range of 30-55 °C, with optima of pH 6-6.5 and 37-45 °C, and is highly stable at 4 °C and pH 6-8. Relative ratios of specific activities on ferulic, sinapic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids, respectively, were 100:24.9:13.4:3.9. The enzyme demonstrated in vitro effectiveness as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of canolol in aqueous medium from commercial SA, with a molar yield of 92%. Then, we developed processes to biotransform naturally-occurring SA from RSM into canolol by combining the complementary potentialities of an Aspergillus niger feruloyl esterase type-A, which is able to release free SA from the raw meal by hydrolyzing its conjugated forms, and NlePAD, in aqueous medium and mild conditions. NlePAD decarboxylation of biobased SA led to an overall yield of 1.6-3.8 mg canolol per gram of initial meal. Besides being the first characterization of a fungal PAD able to decarboxylate SA, this report shows that NlePAD is very promising as new biotechnological tool to generate biobased vinylphenols of industrial interest (especially canolol) as valuable platform chemicals for health, nutrition, cosmetics and green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Odinot
- OléoInnov, 19 Rue du Musée, F-13001 Marseille, France
| | - Alexandra Bisotto-Mignot
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 BBF Fungal Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Toinou Frezouls
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 BBF Fungal Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Bissaro
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 BBF Fungal Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - David Navarro
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 BBF Fungal Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Eric Record
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 BBF Fungal Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Cadoret
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 BBF Fungal Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Annick Doan
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 BBF Fungal Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Chevret
- INRAE, UMR1319 MICALIS Institute, PAPPSO, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédéric Fine
- TERRES INOVIA, Parc Industriel, 11 Rue Monge, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anne Lomascolo
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 BBF Fungal Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13009 Marseille, France
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Lomascolo A, Odinot E, Villeneuve P, Lecomte J. Challenges and advances in biotechnological approaches for the synthesis of canolol and other vinylphenols from biobased p-hydroxycinnamic acids: a review. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:173. [PMID: 37964324 PMCID: PMC10644543 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
p-Hydroxycinnamic acids, such as sinapic, ferulic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids, are among the most abundant phenolic compounds found in plant biomass and agro-industrial by-products (e.g. cereal brans, sugar-beet and coffee pulps, oilseed meals). These p-hydroxycinnamic acids, and their resulting decarboxylation products named vinylphenols (canolol, 4-vinylguaiacol, 4-vinylphenol, 4-vinylcatechol), are bioactive molecules with many properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, and potential applications in food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries. They were also shown to be suitable precursors of new sustainable polymers and biobased substitutes for fine chemicals such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers. Non-oxidative microbial decarboxylation of p-hydroxycinnamic acids into vinylphenols involves cofactor-free and metal-independent phenolic acid decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1 carboxyl lyase family). Historically purified from bacteria (Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter genera) and some yeasts (e.g. Brettanomyces or Candida), these enzymes were described for the decarboxylation of ferulic and p-coumaric acids into 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-vinylphenol, respectively. The catalytic mechanism comprised a first step involving p-hydroxycinnamic acid conversion into a semi-quinone that then decarboxylated spontaneously into the corresponding vinyl compound, in a second step. Bioconversion processes for synthesizing 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-vinylphenol by microbial decarboxylation of ferulic and p-coumaric acids historically attracted the most research using bacterial recombinant phenolic acid decarboxylases (especially Bacillus enzymes) and the processes developed to date included mono- or biphasic systems, and the use of free- or immobilized cells. More recently, filamentous fungi of the Neolentinus lepideus species were shown to natively produce a more versatile phenolic acid decarboxylase with high activity on sinapic acid in addition to the others p-hydroxycinnamic acids, opening the way to the production of canolol by biotechnological processes applied to rapeseed meal. Few studies have described the further microbial/enzymatic bioconversion of these vinylphenols into valuable compounds: (i) synthesis of flavours such as vanillin, 4-ethylguaiacol and 4-ethylphenol from 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-vinylphenol, (ii) laccase-mediated polymer synthesis from canolol, 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-vinylphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lomascolo
- Aix Marseille Univ., INRAE, UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Elise Odinot
- OléoInnov, 19 rue du Musée, 13001, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, 34398, Montpellier, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Lecomte
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, 34398, Montpellier, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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Hassanein EHM, Mohamed WR, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Sayed AM. The role of inflammation in cadmium nephrotoxicity: NF-κB comes into view. Life Sci 2022; 308:120971. [PMID: 36130617 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are major health problem and understanding the underlined mechanisms that lead to kidney diseases are critical research points with a marked potential impact on health. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally and can be found in contaminated food. Kidneys are the most susceptible organ to heavy metal intoxication as it is the main route of waste excretion. The harmful effects of Cd were previously well proved. Cd induces inflammatory responses, oxidative injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbs Ca2+ homeostasis. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a cellular transcription factor that regulates inflammation and controls the expression of many inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, great therapeutic benefits can be attained from NF-κB inhibition. In this review we focused on certain compounds including cytochalasin D, mangiferin, N-acetylcysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, roflumilast, rosmarinic acid, sildenafil, sinapic acid, telmisartan and wogonin and certain plants as Astragalus Polysaccharide, Ginkgo Biloba and Thymus serrulatus that potently inhibit NF-κB and effectively counteracted Cd-associated renal intoxication. In conclusion, the proposed NF-κB involvement in Cd-renal intoxication clarified the underlined inflammation associated with Cd-nephropathy and the beneficial effects of NF-κB inhibitors that make them the potential to substantially optimize treatment protocols for Cd-renal intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt.
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Gulsunoglu-Konuskan Z, Kilic-Akyilmaz M. Microbial Bioconversion of Phenolic Compounds in Agro-industrial Wastes: A Review of Mechanisms and Effective Factors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6901-6910. [PMID: 35164503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastes have gained great attention as a possible source of bioactive compounds, which may be utilized in various industries including pharmaceutics, cosmetics, and food. The food processing industry creates a vast amount of waste which contains valuable compounds such as phenolics. Polyphenols can be found in soluble (extractable or free), conjugated, and insoluble-bound forms in various plant-based foods including fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and legumes. A substantial portion of phenolic compounds in agro-industrial wastes is present in the insoluble-bound form attached to the cell wall structural components and conjugated form which is covalently bound to sugar moieties. These bound phenolic compounds can be released from wastes by hydrolysis of the cell wall and glycosides by microbial enzymes. In addition, they can be converted into unique metabolites by methylation, carboxylation, sulfate conjugation, hydroxylation, and oxidation ability of microorganisms during fermentation. Enhancement of concentration and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds and production of new metabolites from food wastes by microbial fermentation might be a promising way for better utilization of natural resources. This review provides an overview of mechanisms and factors affecting release and bioconversion of phenolic compounds in agro-industrial wastes by microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Gulsunoglu-Konuskan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul 34295, Turkey
| | - Meral Kilic-Akyilmaz
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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5
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Nandasiri R, Eskin NAM. Canolol and its derivatives: A novel bioactive with antioxidant and anticancer properties. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 100:109-129. [PMID: 35659350 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The health and safety concerns associated with synthetic antioxidants has resulted in an urgent search for natural sources of antioxidants. Such antioxidants are not only convenient but may also have important therapeutic properties. Oilseed crops, for example, are rich in phenolic compounds some of which exhibit powerful antioxidant properties that have broad applications in both the food and feed industry. Often, the concentration of these phenolic compounds is affected by many processing conditions including temperature, pressure, pH, and extracting solvents. Hence it is important to optimize processing conditions to obtain maximum levels of those antioxidants with superior antioxidant activity. Oilseeds, such as canola and mustard, are rich sources of sinapates and kaempferol derivatives. When subjected to different processing conditions, including pressurized temperature, sinapates are converted to vinyl phenol derivatives, of which the major one is canolol. This chapter will focus on the nature of canolol and its applications in food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Nandasiri
- Department of Food & Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods & Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - N A Michael Eskin
- Department of Food & Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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6
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Reungoat V, Mouterde LM, Chadni M, Couvreur J, Isidore E, Allais F, Ducatel H, Ioannou I. Simultaneous extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis of mustard bran for the recovery of sinapic acid. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Nguyen VPT, Stewart JD, Ioannou I, Allais F. Sinapic Acid and Sinapate Esters in Brassica: Innate Accumulation, Biosynthesis, Accessibility via Chemical Synthesis or Recovery From Biomass, and Biological Activities. Front Chem 2021; 9:664602. [PMID: 34055737 PMCID: PMC8161205 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.664602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinapic acid (SinA) and corresponding esters are secondary metabolites abundantly found in plants of Brassica family. Belonging to the family of p-hydroxycinnamic acids, SinA and its esters analogues are present in different plant parts and involved in multiple biological processes in planta. Moreover, these metabolites are also found in relatively large quantities in agro-industrial wastes. Nowadays, these metabolites are increasingly drawing attention due to their bioactivities which include antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and UV filtering activities. As a result, these metabolites find applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. In this context, this article reviews innate occurrence, biosynthesis, accessibility via chemical synthesis or direct extraction from agro-industrial wastes. Biological activities of SinA and its main corresponding esters will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Thinh Nguyen
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jon D Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Irina Ioannou
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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8
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Li W, Cheng P, Zhang JB, Zhao LM, Ma YB, Ding K. Synergism of microorganisms and enzymes in solid-state fermentation of animal feed. A review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/133151/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Flourat AL, Combes J, Bailly-Maitre-Grand C, Magnien K, Haudrechy A, Renault JH, Allais F. Accessing p-Hydroxycinnamic Acids: Chemical Synthesis, Biomass Recovery, or Engineered Microbial Production? CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:118-129. [PMID: 33058548 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
p-Hydroxycinnamic acids (i. e., p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and caffeic acids) are phenolic compounds involved in the biosynthesis pathway of lignin. These naturally occurring molecules not only exhibit numerous attractive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-UV, and anticancer activities, but they also have been used as building blocks for the synthesis of tailored monomers and functional additives for the food/feed, cosmetic, and plastics sectors. Despite their numerous high value-added applications, the sourcing of p-hydroxycinnamic acids is not ensured at the industrial scale except for ferulic acid, and their production cost remains too high for commodity applications. These compounds can be either chemically synthesized or extracted from lignocellulosic biomass, and recently their production through bioconversion emerged. Herein the different strategies described in the literature to produce these valuable molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine L Flourat
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Jeanne Combes
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | | | - Kévin Magnien
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Arnaud Haudrechy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), UMR 7312, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51097, REIMS Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Renault
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), UMR 7312, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51097, REIMS Cedex, France
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
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Laguna O, Durand E, Baréa B, Dauguet S, Fine F, Villeneuve P, Lecomte J. Synthesis and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Novel Hydroxyalkyl Esters and Bis-Aryl Esters Based on Sinapic and Caffeic Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9308-9318. [PMID: 32786829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Novel hydroxyalkyl esters and bis-aryl esters were synthesized from sinapic and caffeic acids and aliphatic α,ω-diols of increasing chain lengths from 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Then, their antiradical reactivity (DPPH assay) and their antioxidant activity in a model oil-in-water emulsion (CAT assay) were evaluated. All the esters showed lower antiradical activities compared to their corresponding phenolic acid. This decrease was associated with the steric hindrance in hydroxyalkyl esters, and intramolecular interactions in bis-aryl esters. Regarding the two bis-aryl esters series in emulsion, the antioxidant capacity was improved with alkyl chain lengthening up to four carbons, after which it decreased for longer chains. This "cutoff" effect was not observed for both hydroxyalkyl esters series for which the alkyl chain lengthening results in a decrease of the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Laguna
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Erwann Durand
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Baréa
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Dauguet
- TERRES INOVIA, Parc Industriel-11 Rue Monge, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Fine
- TERRES INOVIA, Parc Industriel-11 Rue Monge, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Lecomte
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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11
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Chen H, Peng L, Pérez de Nanclares M, Trudeau MP, Yao D, Cheng Z, Urriola PE, Mydland LT, Shurson GC, Overland M, Chen C. Identification of Sinapine-Derived Choline from a Rapeseed Diet as a Source of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7748-7754. [PMID: 31203621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Choline and its metabolites have diverse and important functions in many physiological processes, especially for anabolic metabolism in growth and reproduction. Besides endogenous biosynthesis and direct choline supplement, choline esters in the diet are another source of choline in the body. Phenolic choline esters are a group of unique dietary choline esters rich in the seeds of Brassicaceae plants, among which sinapine is a choline ester of sinapic acid abundant in rapeseed. In this study, 40 nursery pigs were fed with rapeseed-derived feed ingredients (RSF) or soybean meal for 3 weeks (20 pigs/diet). The metabolic fate of sinapine-derived choline in RSF was examined by comparing the distribution of choline and its metabolites in digesta, liver, and serum samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results showed that choline was released from extensive hydrolysis of sinapine in the small intestine. However, sinapine-derived choline did not increase the levels of choline and its major metabolites, including betaine, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine, in the liver and serum. Instead, RSF feeding increased trimethylamine (TMA), the microbial metabolite of choline, in the large intestine and further increased trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the oxidation metabolite of TMA, in the liver and serum. Overall, these results suggested that sinapine-derived choline from rapeseed feeding had limited influences on the post-absorption choline pool as a result of its low bioavailability but may serve as a major source of TMAO through microbial metabolism in nursery pigs. Improving the bioavailability of sinapine-derived choline might have the potential to modify the nutritional values and functionalities of rapeseed meal in swine feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Peng
- Department of Food Science , Yichun University , Yichun , Jiangxi 336000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Marta Pérez de Nanclares
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , 1430 Ås , Norway
| | | | | | - Zaixing Cheng
- College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , People's Republic of China
| | | | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , 1430 Ås , Norway
| | | | - Margareth Overland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , 1430 Ås , Norway
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12
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13
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Cao X, Liang J, Aluko RE, Thiyam-Holländer U. In situ oxidation of canola meal sinapic acid by horseradish peroxidase (type II) and tyrosinase. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12884. [PMID: 31353609 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic oxidation of sinapic acid catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or tyrosinase was investigated using model systems, which contained the pure compound or canola meal. Spectrophotometric scanning of pure sinapic acid solution in the presence of HRP (0.2 U) or tyrosinase (40.3 U) showed continuous decreases in absorbance at 304 nm over a period of 90 and 60 min, respectively. HPLC analyses of enzymatic end products, obtained by the catalysis with HRP or tyrosinase, indicated the presence of two main compounds (1 and 2). After alkaline hydrolysis of canola meal, sinapic acid that was released from sinapine was also converted to compounds 1 and 2 by HRP or tyrosinase. Enzyme reaction kinetics results indicate that the catalytic efficiency (CE = 0.538), reaction velocity (Vmax = 5.67 ∆A/h), and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km = 926.64 µM) of HRP are significantly higher than those of tyrosinase (CE = 0.041, Vmax = 0.41 ∆A/h, Km = 173.03 µM) at 50-250 μM pure sinapic acid concentrations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Canola meal contains a large amount of sinapine, which is the choline ester of sinapic acid, a strong antioxidant compound. However, the oxidation or decarboxylation products of sinapic acid could add value by increasing the level of electron-dense carboxylic and carbonyl compounds. In this study, enzymatic treatment of alkaline-hydrolyzed canola meal with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and tyrosinase was investigated and shown to be suitable for converting sinapic acid into oxidized compounds. Therefore, the enzymatic treatment is a potential application for value-added processing of canola meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Cao
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingbang Liang
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Usha Thiyam-Holländer
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Lesage-Meessen L, Bou M, Ginies C, Chevret D, Navarro D, Drula E, Bonnin E, del Río JC, Odinot E, Bisotto A, Berrin JG, Sigoillot JC, Faulds CB, Lomascolo A. Lavender- and lavandin-distilled straws: an untapped feedstock with great potential for the production of high-added value compounds and fungal enzymes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:217. [PMID: 30083230 PMCID: PMC6071384 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (a sterile hybrid of L. angustifolia × L. latifolia) essential oils are among those most commonly used in the world for various industrial purposes, including perfumes, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The solid residues from aromatic plant distillation such as lavender- and lavandin-distilled straws are generally considered as wastes, and consequently either left in the fields or burnt. However, lavender- and lavandin-distilled straws are a potentially renewable plant biomass as they are cheap, non-food materials that can be used as raw feedstocks for green chemistry industry. The objective of this work was to assess different pathways of valorization of these straws as bio-based platform chemicals and fungal enzymes of interest in biorefinery. RESULTS Sugar and lignin composition analyses and saccharification potential of the straw fractions revealed that these industrial by-products could be suitable for second-generation bioethanol prospective. The solvent extraction processes, developed specifically for these straws, released terpene derivatives (e.g. τ-cadinol, β-caryophyllene), lactones (e.g. coumarin, herniarin) and phenolic compounds of industrial interest, including rosmarinic acid which contributed to the high antioxidant activity of the straw extracts. Lavender and lavandin straws were also suitable inducers for the secretion of a wide panel of lignocellulose-acting enzymes (cellulases, hemicellulases and oxido-reductases) from the white-rot model fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Interestingly, high amounts of laccase and several lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases were identified in the lavender and lavandin straw secretomes using proteomics. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the distilled straws of lavender and lavandin are lignocellulosic-rich materials that can be used as raw feedstocks for producing high-added value compounds (antioxidants, aroma) and fungal oxidative enzymes, which represent opportunities to improve the decomposition of recalcitrant lignocellulose into biofuel. Hence, the structure and the physico-chemical properties of these straws clearly open new perspectives for use in biotechnological processes involving especially filamentous fungi. These approaches represent sustainable strategies to foster the development of a local circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lesage-Meessen
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Marine Bou
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Christian Ginies
- UMR408 SQPOV Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d’Origine Végétale, INRA, Université d’Avignon, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Didier Chevret
- UMR1319 MICALIS Microbiologie de l’Alimentation au Service de la Santé Humaine, PAPPSO, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | - David Navarro
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Elodie Drula
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
- USC1408 AFMB Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, INRA, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Estelle Bonnin
- UR 1268 BIA Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblage, INRA, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - José C. del Río
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, IRNAS, CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Elise Odinot
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Alexandra Bisotto
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sigoillot
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Anne Lomascolo
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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