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Yamazaki A, Tanaka Y, Watanabe K, Sato M, Kawazu SI, Kita K, Inoue N, van Rensburg HDJ, N'Da DD, Suganuma K. Prophylactic activity of orally administered dry-heat-sterilized Acremonium egyptiacum against Trypanosoma congolense-induced animal African trypanosomosis. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107185. [PMID: 38494059 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Animal African trypanosomosis (AAT) is an important global disease of livestock that causes economic losses of up to 4.5 billion US dollars per year. Thus, eliminating AAT in endemic countries will improve agricultural productivity and economic growth. To prevent AAT, vector control and the development of prophylactic drugs are crucial. Ascofuranone (AF) is a bioactive fungal compound with proven in vitro trypanocidal potency and in vivo treatment efficacy. However, the complex stereoselective synthesis of AF has prevented its cost-effective industrial production. Recently, a genetically modified strain of Acremonium egyptiacum fungus that produces a high yield of AF was developed. Therefore, we hypothesized that the oral administration of the AF-producing fungus itself may be effective against AAT. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic activity of orally administered dry-heat-sterilized A. egyptiacum against Trypanosoma congolense IL3000 infection using a mouse model. The survival rate was significantly prolonged (p = 0.009), and parasitemia was suppressed in all AF-fungus-treated groups (Group 1-9) compared with that in the untreated control group (Group 10). Hence, the trypanocidal activity of AF was retained after dry-heat-sterilization of the AF-producing fungus and that its oral administration effectively prevented AAT. Since AAT is endemic to rural areas with underdeveloped veterinary infrastructure, dry-heat-sterilized A. egyptiacum would be the most cost-effective potential treatment for AAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Yamazaki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mayu Sato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Helena D Janse van Rensburg
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - David D N'Da
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan; Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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2
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ALTUN E, KUZUCULAR E, TOSUN Aİ. Comparison of diagnostic methods in onychomycosis. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1204419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the nail bed, plate, or matrix. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of three diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of onychomycosis.
Material and Method: This study included 39 patients with a clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis of the toenails, who presented to Medipol Mega University Hospital between May 2019 and August 2022. Using the nail samples taken from the patients, the results of the direct microscopic examination with standard potassium hydroxide (KOH), histopathological examination performed with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and fungal agents that grew in fungal culture were noted.
Results: Eleven (28.2%) patients were female, and 28 (71.8%) were male, with the mean age being 43.1±13.9 years. Of the patients, 53.8% had distal subungual onychomycosis and 46.2% had total subungual onychomycosis. The mean disease duration was 38.8±24.5 (12-120) months. Fungal infection was detected on direct microscopic examination with standard KOH in 66.7% of the patients, culture growth in 38.5%, and PAS staining on histopathological examination in 71.8%, and the sensitivities of these methods were determined as 74.3%, 49.2%, and 80%, respectively, with the negative predictive values being 30.8%, 16.7%, and 36.4%, respectively.
Conclusion: Among the investigated methods, histopathological examination with PAS staining was found to have the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value in the diagnosis of onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece ALTUN
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Elif KUZUCULAR
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ayşe İstanbullu TOSUN
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkiye
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3
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Enkai S, Kouguchi H, Inaoka DK, Shiba T, Hidaka M, Matsuyama H, Sakura T, Yagi K, Kita K. Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Discovery of Dual Inhibitors of Oxygen and Fumarate Respiration in Zoonotic Parasite, Echinococcus multilocularis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0142822. [PMID: 36840588 PMCID: PMC10019194 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01428-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascofuranone (AF), a meroterpenoid isolated from various filamentous fungi, including Acremonium egyptiacum, has been reported as a potential lead candidate for drug development against parasites and cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that AF and its derivatives are potent anthelminthic agents, particularly against Echinococcus multilocularis, which is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis. We measured the inhibitory activities of AF and its derivatives on the mitochondrial aerobic and anaerobic respiratory systems of E. multilocularis larvae. Several derivatives inhibited complex II (succinate:quinone reductase [SQR]; IC50 = 0.037 to 0.135 μM) and also complex I to III (NADH:cytochrome c reductase; IC50 = 0.008 to 0.401 μM), but not complex I (NADH:quinone reductase), indicating that mitochondrial complexes II and III are the targets. In particular, complex II inhibition in the anaerobic pathway was notable because E. multilocularis employs NADH:fumarate reductase (fumarate respiration), in addition to NADH oxidase (oxygen respiration), resulting in complete shutdown of ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. A structure-activity relationship study of E. multilocularis complex II revealed that the functional groups of AF are essential for inhibition. Binding mode prediction of AF derivatives to complex II indicated potential hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions between AF derivatives and amino acid residues within the quinone binding site. Ex vivo culture assays revealed that AF derivatives progressively reduced the viability of protoscoleces under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These findings confirm that AF and its derivatives are the first dual inhibitors of fumarate and oxygen respiration in E. multilocularis and are potential lead compounds in the development of anti-echinococcal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Enkai
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kouguchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daniel Ken Inaoka
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shiba
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahito Hidaka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takaya Sakura
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kinpei Yagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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4
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Perera RH, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Bundhun D, Camporesi E, Akulov A, Liu JK, Liu ZY. Profile of Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. FUNGAL DIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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5
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Tong SQ, Peng L, Wu YJ. Acremoniumcapsici and A.guizhouense, two new members of Acremonium (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Capsicumannuum. MycoKeys 2023; 95:1-13. [PMID: 36761042 PMCID: PMC9836505 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.97062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new species, Acremoniumcapsici and A.guizhouense, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Capsicumannuum, are described and illustrated. Two-locus DNA sequences based on phylogeny, in combination with the morphology of the asexual morph, were used to characterize these species. In the phylogenetic tree, both new species clustered into a monophyletic clade with strong support, distinct from other previously known species of Acremonium. The new species differed from their allied species in their morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Qiu Tong
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Lei Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Yong-Jun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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6
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Trovão J, Soares F, Paiva DS, Tiago I, Portugal A. Circumfusicillium cavernae gen. et sp. nov. (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) Isolated from a Hypogean Roman Cryptoporticus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080837. [PMID: 36012824 PMCID: PMC9410200 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stone monuments and relics are prone to biodeterioration processes prompted by microbial proliferation and activity. Among the distinct microbes capable of stone colonization, fungi are known to strongly contribute to stone biodeterioration. During the ongoing efforts aiming to study fungi thriving in dolomitic limestone walls of the Coimbra’s hypogean Roman cryptoporticus (Portugal), two unknown Bionectriaceae isolates were retrieved. The aim of this work was to depict the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of these microorganisms. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that the studied strains could not be assigned to any of the currently known Bionectriaceae genera. Moreover, the isolates exhibited distinctive and peculiar characteristics, such as the packing of conidia by surrounding hyphal segments and the formation of rope-like microsclerotia with a textura globose. Taking into account all the data obtained, a novel genus and species, Circumfusicillium cavernae gen. et sp. nov. in Bionectriaceae (Hypocreales), is proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Trovão
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabiana Soares
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Sofia Paiva
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Igor Tiago
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Portugal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Fitolab-Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
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7
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Araki Y, Shinohara Y, Hara S, Sato A, Sakaue R, Gomi K, Kita K, Ito K. Heterologous production of ascofuranone and ilicicolin A in Aspergillus sojae. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2022; 68:10-16. [PMID: 35418536 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ascofuranone and its precursor, ilicicolin A, are secondary metabolites with various pharmacological activities that are produced by Acremonium egyptiacum. In particular, ascofuranone strongly inhibits trypanosome alternative oxidase and represents a potential drug candidate against African trypanosomiasis. However, difficulties associated with industrial production of ascofuranone by A. egyptiacum, specifically the co-production of ascochlorin, which inhibits mammalian respiratory chain complex III at low concentrations, has precluded its widespread application. Therefore, in this study, ascofuranone biosynthetic genes (ascA-E and H-J) were heterologously expressed in Aspergillus sojae, which produced very low-levels of endogenous secondary metabolites under conventional culture conditions. As a result, although we obtained transformants producing both ilicicolin A and ascofuranone, they were produced only when an adequate concentration of chloride ions was added to the medium. In addition, we succeeded in increasing the production of ilicicolin A, by enhancing the expression of the rate-determining enzyme AscD, using a multi-copy integration system. The heterologous expression approach described here afforded the production of both ascofuranone and ilicicolin A, allowing for their development as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Araki
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation
| | | | - Seiichi Hara
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation
| | | | - Keiko Gomi
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University.,Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine
| | - Kotaro Ito
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation
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8
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Wei L, Shao J, Song Y, Wan Z, Yao L, Wang H, Yu J. Performance of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Scedosporium, Acremonium-Like, Scopulariopsis, and Microascus Species. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841286. [PMID: 35308359 PMCID: PMC8924672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a powerful microorganism identification tool. Research on MALDI-TOF MS identification of rare filamentous fungi is still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of MALDI-TOF MS in the identification of Scedosporium, Acremonium-like, Scopulariopsis, and Microascus species. Sabouraud broth cultivation and formic acid/acetonitrile protein extraction were used for MALDI-TOF MS identification by a Bruker Biotyper system. An in-house database containing 29 isolates of Scedosporium, Acremonium-like, Scopulariopsis, and Microascus spp. was constructed. A total of 52 clinical isolates were identified using the Bruker Filamentous Fungi Library v1.0 (FFL v1.0) alone, and Filamentous Fungi Library v1.0 plus the in-house library, respectively. The mass spectrum profile (MSP) dendrograms of the 28 Scedosporium isolates, 26 Acremonium-like isolates, and 27 Scopulariopsis and Microascus isolates were constructed by MALDI Biotyper OC 4.0 software, respectively. The correct species identification rate significantly improved when using the combined databases compared with that when using FFL v1.0 alone (Scedosporium spp., 75% versus 0%; Acremonium-like spp., 100% versus 0%; Scopulariopsis and Microascus spp., 100% versus 62.5%). The MSP dendrograms differentiated Acremonium-like species, Scopulariopsis and Microascus species clearly, but cannot distinguish species in the Scedosporium apiospermum complex. In conclusion, with an expanded database, MALDI-TOF MS is an effective tool for the identification of Scedosporium, Acremonium-like, Scopulariopsis, and Microascus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Wei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Yinggai Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Yao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
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9
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Oliva A, Garner RE, Walsh D, Huot Y. The occurrence of potentially pathogenic fungi and protists in Canadian lakes predicted using geomatics, in situ and satellite-derived variables: Towards a tele-epidemiological approach. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117935. [PMID: 34915335 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic pathogens including fungi and enteroparasites infect humans, animals and plants. As integrators of landscape catchment, lakes can reflect and record biological and geochemical events or anthropogenic changes and provide useful knowledge to formulate public health, food security and water policies to manage and prevent diseases. In this context, potentially pathogenic fungi and parasites were sampled using 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in 382 lakes displaying a broad range of sizes and human impact on the watershed in 10 ecozones across Canada. Based on pathogen classifications from the ePATHogen database published by the Public Health Agency of Canada, we identified 23 health-relevant genera for human and animal hosts, including Cryptococcus and Cryptosporidium. Our study investigated the potential of remote sensing and geomatics to predict microbial contamination in a tele-epidemiological approach. We used boosted regression tree modeling to evaluate the probability of occurrence of the most common genera found in our dataset based on 10 satellite-derivable, geomatics and field survey variables which could be potential sources or transport mechanisms through the watershed or survival factors in the water. We found that southern ecozones that possess the highest agricultural and pasture activities tend to contain lakes with the largest number of potential pathogens including several fungi associated with plant diseases. Bio-optical factors, such as colored dissolved organic matter, were highly related to the occurrence of the genera, potentially by protecting against damage from ultraviolet light. Our results demonstrate the capability of tele-epidemiology to provide useful information to develop government policies for recreational and drinking water regulations as well as for food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Oliva
- Département de Géomatique Appliquée, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; CARTEL - Centre d'applications et de recherche en télédétection, Département de Géomatique Appliquée, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; GRIL - Groupement de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Rebecca E Garner
- GRIL - Groupement de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - David Walsh
- GRIL - Groupement de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Yannick Huot
- Département de Géomatique Appliquée, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; CARTEL - Centre d'applications et de recherche en télédétection, Département de Géomatique Appliquée, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; GRIL - Groupement de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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10
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Kramer A, Wichelhaus TA, Kempf V, Hogardt M, Zacharowski K. Building-related illness (BRI) in all family members caused by mold infestation after dampness damage of the building. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2021; 16:Doc32. [PMID: 34956824 PMCID: PMC8662741 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In 2010, dampness damage in a single-family house caused a massive mold infestation. In the further course, the 5 family members developed severe health problems. This report investigates the extent and cause of the water damage. In addition, the various visible fungal infestations were analyzed in a specialized laboratory. Results: Due to building construction errors, starting from the basement, an increased moisture penetration of the residential building was detected. Within 2 years, massive mold infestation occurred. In 2016, the following species were detected: Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Scopularis brevicaulis, Acremonium furculum, A. charticola and A. sclerotigenum, Trichomonascus apis Aspergillus versicolor and Debaryomyces hansenii. Additionally, different black molds were macroscopically detected. The severity of the disease process varied, probably due to the different daily exposure of the family members, and possibly influenced by age. The children presented acute episodes with nocturnal cough, associated with sleep disturbances and respiratory infections with severe rhinitis. In addition, general fatigue was noticeable. The course of the disease was complicated by recurrent nightly nosebleeds. The mother developed a much more severe course as chronic fatigue syndrome. Additionally, the following continuous complaints occurred: sore throat and headache, nocturnal irritable cough, chronic rhinitis, difficulty concentrating, increasing forgetfulness and word-finding disorders, cognitive impairment with reduced short-term memory, extremely dry eyes with red sclerae, morning stiffness, dyspnea, disturbed temperature regulation (chills), increased feeling of thirst, and menstrual disorders. The father's building-related illness (BRI) was comparatively mild due to much lower exposure, with nocturnal irritable cough, rhinitis, and marked fatigue. In 2018, after moving out of the house, the father was symptom-free after 2 weeks, the three children after 6 months, but the mother only after 18 months. Discussion: The symptoms are consistent with reports from the literature, according to which fatigue, sleep disturbances, lack of concentration and headache as well as recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract are caused by microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) released by molds. The association with recurrent nosebleeds in childhood has not been described in this form before. Conclusion: Since in all family members complete remission of symptoms occurred after cessation of the 6-year exposure, there is no doubt that the BRI was caused by the massive mold infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kramer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Axel Kramer, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17485 Greifswald, Germany, E-mail:
| | - Thomas A. Wichelhaus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany,University Center of Competence for Infection Control of the State of Hesse, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Volkhard Kempf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany,University Center of Competence for Infection Control of the State of Hesse, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Hogardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany,University Center of Competence for Infection Control of the State of Hesse, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy at the University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Hagestad OC, Hou L, Andersen JH, Hansen EH, Altermark B, Li C, Kuhnert E, Cox RJ, Crous PW, Spatafora JW, Lail K, Amirebrahimi M, Lipzen A, Pangilinan J, Andreopoulos W, Hayes RD, Ng V, Grigoriev IV, Jackson SA, Sutton TDS, Dobson ADW, Rämä T. Genomic characterization of three marine fungi, including Emericellopsis atlantica sp. nov. with signatures of a generalist lifestyle and marine biomass degradation. IMA Fungus 2021; 12:21. [PMID: 34372938 PMCID: PMC8351168 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-021-00072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine fungi remain poorly covered in global genome sequencing campaigns; the 1000 fungal genomes (1KFG) project attempts to shed light on the diversity, ecology and potential industrial use of overlooked and poorly resolved fungal taxa. This study characterizes the genomes of three marine fungi: Emericellopsis sp. TS7, wood-associated Amylocarpus encephaloides and algae-associated Calycina marina. These species were genome sequenced to study their genomic features, biosynthetic potential and phylogenetic placement using multilocus data. Amylocarpus encephaloides and C. marina were placed in the Helotiaceae and Pezizellaceae (Helotiales), respectively, based on a 15-gene phylogenetic analysis. These two genomes had fewer biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) than Emericellopsis sp. TS7 isolate. Emericellopsis sp. TS7 (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) was isolated from the sponge Stelletta normani. A six-gene phylogenetic analysis placed the isolate in the marine Emericellopsis clade and morphological examination confirmed that the isolate represents a new species, which is described here as E. atlantica. Analysis of its CAZyme repertoire and a culturing experiment on three marine and one terrestrial substrates indicated that E. atlantica is a psychrotrophic generalist fungus that is able to degrade several types of marine biomass. FungiSMASH analysis revealed the presence of 35 BGCs including, eight non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs), six NRPS-like, six polyketide synthases, nine terpenes and six hybrid, mixed or other clusters. Of these BGCs, only five were homologous with characterized BGCs. The presence of unknown BGCs sets and large CAZyme repertoire set stage for further investigations of E. atlantica. The Pezizellaceae genome and the genome of the monotypic Amylocarpus genus represent the first published genomes of filamentous fungi that are restricted in their occurrence to the marine habitat and form thus a valuable resource for the community that can be used in studying ecological adaptions of fungi using comparative genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Christian Hagestad
- Marbio, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Department at Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Lingwei Hou
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H Andersen
- Marbio, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Department at Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Espen H Hansen
- Marbio, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Department at Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Altermark
- The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Chun Li
- Marbio, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Department at Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eric Kuhnert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Russell J Cox
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Pedro W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joseph W Spatafora
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Kathleen Lail
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mojgan Amirebrahimi
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jasmyn Pangilinan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - William Andreopoulos
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Richard D Hayes
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vivian Ng
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stephen A Jackson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas D S Sutton
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Teppo Rämä
- Marbio, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Department at Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Crous PW, Osieck ER, Jurjević Ž, Boers J, van Iperen AL, Starink-Willemse M, Dima B, Balashov S, Bulgakov TS, Johnston PR, Morozova OV, Pinruan U, Sommai S, Alvarado P, Decock CA, Lebel T, McMullan-Fisher S, Moreno G, Shivas RG, Zhao L, Abdollahzadeh J, Abrinbana M, Ageev DV, Akhmetova G, Alexandrova AV, Altés A, Amaral AGG, Angelini C, Antonín V, Arenas F, Asselman P, Badali F, Baghela A, Bañares A, Barreto RW, Baseia IG, Bellanger JM, Berraf-Tebbal A, Biketova AY, Bukharova NV, Burgess TI, Cabero J, Câmara MPS, Cano-Lira JF, Ceryngier P, Chávez R, Cowan DA, de Lima AF, Oliveira RL, Denman S, Dang QN, Dovana F, Duarte IG, Eichmeier A, Erhard A, Esteve-Raventós F, Fellin A, Ferisin G, Ferreira RJ, Ferrer A, Finy P, Gaya E, Geering ADW, Gil-Durán C, Glässnerová K, Glushakova AM, Gramaje D, Guard FE, Guarnizo AL, Haelewaters D, Halling RE, Hill R, Hirooka Y, Hubka V, Iliushin VA, Ivanova DD, Ivanushkina NE, Jangsantear P, Justo A, Kachalkin AV, Kato S, Khamsuntorn P, Kirtsideli IY, Knapp DG, Kochkina GA, Koukol O, Kovács GM, Kruse J, Kumar TKA, Kušan I, Læssøe T, Larsson E, Lebeuf R, Levicán G, Loizides M, Marinho P, Luangsa-Ard JJ, Lukina EG, Magaña-Dueñas V, Maggs-Kölling G, Malysheva EF, Malysheva VF, Martín B, Martín MP, Matočec N, McTaggart AR, Mehrabi-Koushki M, Mešić A, Miller AN, Mironova P, Moreau PA, Morte A, Müller K, Nagy LG, Nanu S, Navarro-Ródenas A, Nel WJ, Nguyen TH, Nóbrega TF, Noordeloos ME, Olariaga I, Overton BE, Ozerskaya SM, Palani P, Pancorbo F, Papp V, Pawłowska J, Pham TQ, Phosri C, Popov ES, Portugal A, Pošta A, Reschke K, Reul M, Ricci GM, Rodríguez A, Romanowski J, Ruchikachorn N, Saar I, Safi A, Sakolrak B, Salzmann F, Sandoval-Denis M, Sangwichein E, Sanhueza L, Sato T, Sastoque A, Senn-Irlet B, Shibata A, Siepe K, Somrithipol S, Spetik M, Sridhar P, Stchigel AM, Stuskova K, Suwannasai N, Tan YP, Thangavel R, Tiago I, Tiwari S, Tkalčec Z, Tomashevskaya MA, Tonegawa C, Tran HX, Tran NT, Trovão J, Trubitsyn VE, Van Wyk J, Vieira WAS, Vila J, Visagie CM, Vizzini A, Volobuev SV, Vu DT, Wangsawat N, Yaguchi T, Ercole E, Ferreira BW, de Souza AP, Vieira BS, Groenewald JZ. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284-1382. PERSOONIA 2021; 47:178-374. [PMID: 38352974 PMCID: PMC10784667 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.47.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antartica, Cladosporium austrolitorale from coastal sea sand. Australia, Austroboletus yourkae on soil, Crepidotus innuopurpureus on dead wood, Curvularia stenotaphri from roots and leaves of Stenotaphrum secundatum and Thecaphora stajsicii from capsules of Oxalis radicosa. Belgium, Paraxerochrysium coryli (incl. Paraxerochrysium gen. nov.) from Corylus avellana. Brazil, Calvatia nordestina on soil, Didymella tabebuiicola from leaf spots on Tabebuia aurea, Fusarium subflagellisporum from hypertrophied floral and vegetative branches of Mangifera indica and Microdochium maculosum from living leaves of Digitaria insularis. Canada, Cuphophyllus bondii from a grassland. Croatia, Mollisia inferiseptata from a rotten Laurus nobilis trunk. Cyprus, Amanita exilis on calcareous soil. Czech Republic, Cytospora hippophaicola from wood of symptomatic Vaccinium corymbosum. Denmark, Lasiosphaeria deviata on pieces of wood and herbaceous debris. Dominican Republic, Calocybella goethei among grass on a lawn. France (Corsica), Inocybe corsica on wet ground. France (French Guiana), Trechispora patawaensis on decayed branch of unknown angiosperm tree and Trechispora subregularis on decayed log of unknown angiosperm tree. Germany, Paramicrothecium sambuci (incl. Paramicrothecium gen. nov.) on dead stems of Sambucus nigra. India, Aureobasidium microtermitis from the gut of a Microtermes sp. termite, Laccaria diospyricola on soil and Phylloporia tamilnadensis on branches of Catunaregam spinosa. Iran, Pythium serotinoosporum from soil under Prunus dulcis. Italy, Pluteus brunneovenosus on twigs of broadleaved trees on the ground. Japan, Heterophoma rehmanniae on leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis. Kazakhstan, Murispora kazachstanica from healthy roots of Triticum aestivum. Namibia, Caespitomonium euphorbiae (incl. Caespitomonium gen. nov.) from stems of an Euphorbia sp. Netherlands, Alfaria junci, Myrmecridium junci, Myrmecridium juncicola, Myrmecridium juncigenum, Ophioceras junci, Paradinemasporium junci (incl. Paradinemasporium gen. nov.), Phialoseptomonium junci, Sporidesmiella juncicola, Xenopyricularia junci and Zaanenomyces quadripartis (incl. Zaanenomyces gen. nov.), from dead culms of Juncus effusus, Cylindromonium everniae and Rhodoveronaea everniae from Evernia prunastri, Cyphellophora sambuci and Myrmecridium sambuci from Sambucus nigra, Kiflimonium junci, Sarocladium junci, Zaanenomyces moderatricis-academiae and Zaanenomyces versatilis from dead culms of Juncus inflexus, Microcera physciae from Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium dactylidis from dead culms of Dactylis glomerata, Neochalara spiraeae and Sporidesmium spiraeae from leaves of Spiraea japonica, Neofabraea salicina from Salix sp., Paradissoconium narthecii (incl. Paradissoconium gen. nov.) from dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum, Polyscytalum vaccinii from Vaccinium myrtillus, Pseudosoloacrosporiella cryptomeriae (incl. Pseudosoloacrosporiella gen. nov.) from leaves of Cryptomeria japonica, Ramularia pararhabdospora from Plantago lanceolata, Sporidesmiella pini from needles of Pinus sylvestris and Xenoacrodontium juglandis (incl. Xenoacrodontium gen. nov. and Xenoacrodontiaceae fam. nov.) from Juglans regia. New Zealand, Cryptometrion metrosideri from twigs of Metrosideros sp., Coccomyces pycnophyllocladi from dead leaves of Phyllocladus alpinus, Hypoderma aliforme from fallen leaves Fuscopora solandri and Hypoderma subiculatum from dead leaves Phormium tenax. Norway, Neodevriesia kalakoutskii from permafrost and Variabilispora viridis from driftwood of Picea abies. Portugal, Entomortierella hereditatis from a biofilm covering a deteriorated limestone wall. Russia, Colpoma junipericola from needles of Juniperus sabina, Entoloma cinnamomeum on soil in grasslands, Entoloma verae on soil in grasslands, Hyphodermella pallidostraminea on a dry dead branch of Actinidia sp., Lepiota sayanensis on litter in a mixed forest, Papiliotrema horticola from Malus communis, Paramacroventuria ribis (incl. Paramacroventuria gen. nov.) from leaves of Ribes aureum and Paramyrothecium lathyri from leaves of Lathyrus tuberosus. South Africa, Harzia combreti from leaf litter of Combretum collinum ssp. sulvense, Penicillium xyleborini from Xyleborinus saxesenii, Phaeoisaria dalbergiae from bark of Dalbergia armata, Protocreopsis euphorbiae from leaf litter of Euphorbia ingens and Roigiella syzygii from twigs of Syzygium chordatum. Spain, Genea zamorana on sandy soil, Gymnopus nigrescens on Scleropodium touretii, Hesperomyces parexochomi on Parexochomus quadriplagiatus, Paraphoma variabilis from dung, Phaeococcomyces kinklidomatophilus from a blackened metal railing of an industrial warehouse and Tuber suaveolens in soil under Quercus faginea. Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Inocybe nivea associated with Salix polaris. Thailand, Biscogniauxia whalleyi on corticated wood. UK, Parasitella quercicola from Quercus robur. USA, Aspergillus arizonicus from indoor air in a hospital, Caeliomyces tampanus (incl. Caeliomyces gen. nov.) from office dust, Cippumomyces mortalis (incl. Cippumomyces gen. nov.) from a tombstone, Cylindrium desperesense from air in a store, Tetracoccosporium pseudoaerium from air sample in house, Toxicocladosporium glendoranum from air in a brick room, Toxicocladosporium losalamitosense from air in a classroom, Valsonectria portsmouthensis from air in men's locker room and Varicosporellopsis americana from sludge in a water reservoir. Vietnam, Entoloma kovalenkoi on rotten wood, Fusarium chuoi inside seed of Musa itinerans, Micropsalliota albofelina on soil in tropical evergreen mixed forests and Phytophthora docyniae from soil and roots of Docynia indica. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Osieck ER, Jurjević Ž, et al. 2021. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284-1382. Persoonia 47: 178-374. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - E R Osieck
- Jkvr. C.M. van Asch van Wijcklaan 19, 3972 ST Driebergen-Rijsenburg, Netherlands
| | - Ž Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 USA
| | - J Boers
- Conventstraat 13A, 6701 GA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - A L van Iperen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Starink-Willemse
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Dima
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Balashov
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 USA
| | - T S Bulgakov
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yana Fabritsiusa street 2/28, 354002 Sochi, Krasnodar region, Russia
| | - P R Johnston
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, P. Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - O V Morozova
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, 2 Prof. Popov Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - U Pinruan
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - S Sommai
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - P Alvarado
- ALVALAB, C/ Dr. Fernando Bongera, Severo Ochoa bldg. S1.04, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - C A Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute - ELIM - Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - T Lebel
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | | | - G Moreno
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - R G Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Zhao
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - M Abrinbana
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box 165, Urmia, Iran
| | - D V Ageev
- LLC 'Signatec', 630090, Inzhenernaya Str. 22, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G Akhmetova
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A V Alexandrova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 119234, 1, 12 Leninskie Gory Str., Moscow, Russia
| | - A Altés
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - A G G Amaral
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - C Angelini
- Herbario Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and Via Cappuccini, 78/8 - 33170 Pordenone, Italy
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Antonín
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - F Arenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Asselman
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - F Badali
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box 165, Urmia, Iran
| | - A Baghela
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI)
- Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Bañares
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna. Apdo. 456, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - R W Barreto
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - I G Baseia
- Departamento Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - J-M Bellanger
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, INSERM, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Berraf-Tebbal
- Mendeleum - Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - A Yu Biketova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Temesvári blvd. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
| | - N V Bukharova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr-t 100-let Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - T I Burgess
- Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - J Cabero
- C/ El Sol 6, 49800 Toro, Zamora, Spain
| | - M P S Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - J F Cano-Lira
- Mycology Unit, Medical School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - P Ceryngier
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Chávez
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - D A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A F de Lima
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - R L Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - S Denman
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, UK
| | - Q N Dang
- Forest Protection Research Centre, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, 46 Duc Thang Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - F Dovana
- Via Quargnento, 17, 15029, Solero (AL), Italy
| | - I G Duarte
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A Eichmeier
- Mendeleum - Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - A Erhard
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 USA
| | - F Esteve-Raventós
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Botánica), 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fellin
- Via G. Canestrini 10/B, I-38028, Novella (TN), Italy
| | - G Ferisin
- Associazione Micologica Bassa Friulana, 33052 Cervignano del Friuli, Italy
| | - R J Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A Ferrer
- Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Finy
- Zsombolyai u. 56, 8000 Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - E Gaya
- Comparative Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - A D W Geering
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Gil-Durán
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Glässnerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - A M Glushakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 119234, 1, 12 Leninskie Gory Str., Moscow, Russia
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064, Moscow, Maly Kazenny by-street, 5A, Russia
| | - D Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - Universidad de La Rioja - Gobierno de La Rioja, Ctra. LO-20, Salida 13, 26007, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - A L Guarnizo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - D Haelewaters
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - R E Halling
- Inst. Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY, USA 10458-5126
| | - R Hill
- Comparative Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Y Hirooka
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - V Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - V A Iliushin
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, 2 Prof. Popov Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - D D Ivanova
- The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 191186, 48 Moyka Embankment, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - N E Ivanushkina
- All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, pr. Nauki, 5, Russia
| | - P Jangsantear
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Justo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A V Kachalkin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 119234, 1, 12 Leninskie Gory Str., Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, pr. Nauki, 5, Russia
| | - S Kato
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P Khamsuntorn
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory (BMIE), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - I Y Kirtsideli
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, 2 Prof. Popov Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - D G Knapp
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G A Kochkina
- All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, pr. Nauki, 5, Russia
| | - O Koukol
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - G M Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Kruse
- Pfalzmuseum für Naturkunde - POLLICHIA-Museum, Hermann-Schäfer-Str. 17, 67098 Bad Dürkheim, Germany
| | - T K A Kumar
- Department of Botany, The Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - I Kušan
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - T Læssøe
- Globe Inst./Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark, Denmark
| | - E Larsson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - R Lebeuf
- 775, rang du Rapide Nord, Saint-Casimir, Quebec, G0A 3L0, Canada
| | - G Levicán
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - P Marinho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - J J Luangsa-Ard
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - E G Lukina
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034, 7-9 Universitetskaya emb., St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V Magaña-Dueñas
- Mycology Unit, Medical School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - E F Malysheva
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, 2 Prof. Popov Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - V F Malysheva
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, 2 Prof. Popov Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - B Martín
- Servicio Territorial de Agricultura, Ganadería y Desarrollo Rural de Zamora, C/ Prado Tuerto 17, 49019 Zamora, Spain
| | - M P Martín
- Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Matočec
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A R McTaggart
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - M Mehrabi-Koushki
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran
- Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Mešić
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A N Miller
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - P Mironova
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P-A Moreau
- Université de Lille, Faculté de pharmacie de Lille, EA 4483, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Morte
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - K Müller
- Falkstraße 103, D-47058 Duisburg, Germany
| | - L G Nagy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Temesvári blvd. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - S Nanu
- Department of Botany, The Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - A Navarro-Ródenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - W J Nel
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - T H Nguyen
- Forest Protection Research Centre, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, 46 Duc Thang Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - T F Nóbrega
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - M E Noordeloos
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, section Botany, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I Olariaga
- Rey Juan Carlos University, Dep. Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - B E Overton
- 205 East Campus Science Center, Lock Haven University, Department of Biology, Lock Haven, PA 17745, USA
| | - S M Ozerskaya
- All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, pr. Nauki, 5, Russia
| | - P Palani
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - F Pancorbo
- Sociedad Micológica de Madrid, Real Jardín Botánico, C/ Claudio Moyano 1, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - V Papp
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44. H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Pawłowska
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Q Pham
- Forest Protection Research Centre, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, 46 Duc Thang Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - C Phosri
- Biology programme, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom, 48000, Thailand
| | - E S Popov
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, 2 Prof. Popov Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Portugal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Fitolab - Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Pošta
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K Reschke
- Mycology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Reul
- Ostenstraße 19, D-95615 Marktredwitz, Germany
| | - G M Ricci
- 205 East Campus Science Center, Lock Haven University, Department of Biology, Lock Haven, PA 17745, USA
| | - A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J Romanowski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Ruchikachorn
- The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - I Saar
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila Street 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Safi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran
| | - B Sakolrak
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - F Salzmann
- Kloosterweg 5, 6301WK, Valkenburg a/d Geul, The Netherlands
| | - M Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Sangwichein
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - L Sanhueza
- Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Sato
- Department of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, 2416 Hiranedai, Tainai, Niigata Prefecture, Japan
| | - A Sastoque
- Mycology Unit, Medical School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - B Senn-Irlet
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - A Shibata
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Siepe
- Geeste 133, D-46342 Velen, Germany
| | - S Somrithipol
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - M Spetik
- Mendeleum - Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - P Sridhar
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - A M Stchigel
- Mycology Unit, Medical School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - K Stuskova
- Mendeleum - Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - N Suwannasai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110 Thailand
| | - Y P Tan
- Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Thangavel
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - I Tiago
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Tiwari
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI)
- Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Z Tkalčec
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M A Tomashevskaya
- All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, pr. Nauki, 5, Russia
| | - C Tonegawa
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H X Tran
- Forest Protection Research Centre, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, 46 Duc Thang Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - N T Tran
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Trovão
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - V E Trubitsyn
- All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, pr. Nauki, 5, Russia
| | - J Van Wyk
- Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, 1066 Bogue Street, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 USA
| | - W A S Vieira
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - J Vila
- Passatge del Torn, 4, 17800 Olot, Spain
| | - C M Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S V Volobuev
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, 2 Prof. Popov Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - D T Vu
- Research Planning and International Cooperation Department, Plant Resources Center, An Khanh, Hoai Duc, Hanoi 152900, Vietnam
| | - N Wangsawat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110 Thailand
| | - T Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - E Ercole
- Via Murazzano 11, I-10141, Torino (TO), Italy
| | - B W Ferreira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - A P de Souza
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo, 38500-000, MG, Brazil
| | - B S Vieira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo, 38500-000, MG, Brazil
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Vitale RG, Giudicessi SL, Romero SM, Al-Hatmi AMS, Li Q, de Hoog GS. Recent developments in less known and multi-resistant fungal opportunists. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:762-780. [PMID: 34096817 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1927978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections have increased in recent years due to host factors, such as oncohaematological and transplant-related disorders, immunosuppressive therapy, and AIDS. Additionally, molecular and proteomic facilities have become available to identify previously unrecognizable opportunists. For these reasons, reports on less-known and recalcitrant mycoses, such as those caused by black fungi, hyaline filamentous fungi, coelomycetes, Mucorales, and non-Candida yeasts have emerged. In this review, novel taxonomy in these groups, which often are multi-resistant to one or several classes of antifungals, is discussed. Clinical presentations, diagnosis and current treatment of some major groups are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana G Vitale
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Parasitología, Sector Micología, Hospital J. M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana L Giudicessi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stella M Romero
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud, University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Natural & Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Omán
| | - Qirui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud, University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Department of Medical Microbiology, People's Hospital of Suzhou, National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Suzhou, PR China
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Wong Chin JM, Puchooa D, Bahorun T, Jeewon R. Antimicrobial properties of marine fungi from sponges and brown algae of Mauritius. Mycology 2021; 12:231-244. [PMID: 34900379 PMCID: PMC8654394 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1895347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the study: Marine fungi of Mauritius have been poorly studied. There are numerous reports on the bioactive secondary metabolites that are produced by fungi around the world. Yet, research on the molecular characterisation and the pharmaceutical potential of marine fungi in Mauritius is rather scanty. Method: The samples, which consisted of three sponges Haliclona sp., Iotrochota sp. and Biemna sp. and two brown algae Turbinaria conoides and Sargassum portierianum, were collected in the North of Mauritius during winter. No sporulating structures were observed from the fungal cultures making morphological analysis impossible. The molecular characterisation of the selected isolates was carried out by the amplification of the ITS regions and phylogenetic analysis. The antimicrobial properties were then determined using the disc diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Results: Genus level identification was made from molecular data and for some isolates, species-level identification was even possible. Twelve fungi that showed the best antimicrobial properties were identified as Peniophora sp., Aspergillus cristatus, Acremonium sp., Cordyceps memorabilis, Aspergillus ochraceus, Biscogniauxia sp., Aspergillus keratitidis, Exserohilum rostratum, Chromocleista sp., Nigrospora oryzae, Aspergillus flavipes and Mycosphaerella. The lowest MIC result of 0.0098 mg/mL was obtained with Chromocleista sp. mycelium extract against Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC of the mycelium extracts was lower than the broth extracts for most isolates indicating that the antimicrobial compounds are not secreted. Conclusion: Marine fungi from the Mauritian waters have immense potential in the search for natural products against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daneshwar Puchooa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius
| | - Theeshan Bahorun
- Department of Biosciences and Ocean Studies, ANDI Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR) and University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius
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Dark-pigmented biodeteriogenic fungi in etruscan hypogeal tombs: New data on their culture-dependent diversity, favouring conditions, and resistance to biocidal treatments. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:609-620. [PMID: 34281654 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Subterranean Cultural Heritage sites are frequently subject to biological colonization due to the high levels of humidity, even in conditions of low irradiance and oligotrophy. Here microorganisms form complex communities that may be dangerous through mineral precipitation, through the softening of materials or causing frequent surface discolorations. A reduction of contamination's sources along with the control of microclimatic conditions and biocide treatments (overall performed with benzalkonium chloride) are necessary to reduce microbial growths. Dark discolorations have been recorded in the painted Etruscan tombs of Tarquinia, two of which have been analyzed to collect taxonomical, physiological, and ecological information. Eighteen dark-pigmented fungi were isolated among a wider culturable fraction: nine from blackening areas and nine from door sealings, a possible route of contamination. Isolates belonged to three major groups: Chaetothyriales, Capnodiales (Family Cladosporiaceae), and Acremonium-like fungi. Exophiala angulospora and Cyphellophora olivacea, a novelty for hypogea, were identified, while others need further investigations as possible new taxa. The metabolic skills of the detected species showed their potential dangerousness for the materials. Their tolerance to benzalkonium chloride-based products suggested a certain favouring effect through the decreasing competitiveness of less resistant species. The type of covering of the dromos may influence the risk of outer contamination. Fungal occurrence can be favoured by root penetration.
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Bioactive Ascochlorin Analogues from the Marine-Derived Fungus Stilbella fimetaria. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020046. [PMID: 33498522 PMCID: PMC7909580 DOI: 10.3390/md19020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine-derived fungus Stilbella fimetaria is a chemically talented fungus producing several classes of bioactive metabolites, including meroterpenoids of the ascochlorin family. The targeted dereplication of fungal extracts by UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS revealed the presence of several new along with multiple known ascochlorin analogues (19–22). Their structures and relative configuration were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR. Further targeted dereplication based on a novel 1,4-benzoquinone sesquiterpene derivative, fimetarin A (22), resulted in the identification of three additional fimetarin analogues, fimetarins B–D (23–25), with their tentative structures proposed from detailed MS/HRMS analysis. In total, four new and eight known ascochlorin/fimetarin analogues were tested for their antimicrobial activity, identifying the analogues with a 5-chloroorcylaldehyde moiety to be more active than the benzoquinone analogue. Additionally, the presence of two conjugated double bonds at C-2′/C-3′ and C-4′/C-5′ were found to be essential for the observed antifungal activity, whereas the single, untailored bonds at C-4′/C-5′ and C-8′/C-9′ were suggested to be necessary for the observed antibacterial activity.
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Fungal Planet description sheets: 1112-1181. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2020; 45:251-409. [PMID: 34456379 PMCID: PMC8375349 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.45.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Austroboletus asper on soil, Cylindromonium alloxyli on leaves of Alloxylon pinnatum, Davidhawksworthia quintiniae on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Exophiala prostantherae on leaves of Prostanthera sp., Lactifluus lactiglaucus on soil, Linteromyces quintiniae (incl. Linteromyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Lophotrichus medusoides from stem tissue of Citrus garrawayi, Mycena pulchra on soil, Neocalonectria tristaniopsidis (incl. Neocalonectria gen. nov.) and Xyladictyochaeta tristaniopsidis on leaves of Tristaniopsis collina, Parasarocladium tasmanniae on leaves of Tasmannia insipida, Phytophthora aquae-cooljarloo from pond water, Serendipita whamiae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus cucullatus, Veloboletus limbatus (incl. Veloboletus gen. nov.) on soil. Austria, Cortinarius glaucoelotus on soil. Bulgaria, Suhomyces rilaensis from the gut of Bolitophagus interruptus found on a Polyporus sp. Canada, Cantharellus betularum among leaf litter of Betula, Penicillium saanichii from house dust. Chile, Circinella lampensis on soil, Exophiala embothrii from rhizosphere of Embothrium coccineum.China, Colletotrichum cycadis on leaves of Cycas revoluta.Croatia, Phialocephala melitaea on fallen branch of Pinus halepensis. Czech Republic, Geoglossum jirinae on soil, Pyrenochaetopsis rajhradensis from dead wood of Buxus sempervirens.Dominican Republic, Amanita domingensis on litter of deciduous wood, Melanoleuca dominicana on forest litter. France, Crinipellis nigrolamellata (Martinique) on leaves of Pisonia fragrans, Talaromyces pulveris from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum infesting floorboards. French Guiana, Hypoxylon hepaticolor on dead corticated branch. Great Britain, Inocybe ionolepis on soil. India, Cortinarius indopurpurascens among leaf litter of Quercus leucotrichophora.Iran, Pseudopyricularia javanii on infected leaves of Cyperus sp., Xenomonodictys iranica (incl. Xenomonodictys gen. nov.) on wood of Fagus orientalis.Italy, Penicillium vallebormidaense from compost. Namibia, Alternaria mirabibensis on plant litter, Curvularia moringae and Moringomyces phantasmae (incl. Moringomyces gen. nov.) on leaves and flowers of Moringa ovalifolia, Gobabebomyces vachelliae (incl. Gobabebomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Vachellia erioloba, Preussia procaviae on dung of Procavia capensis.Pakistan, Russula shawarensis from soil on forest floor. Russia, Cyberlindnera dauci from Daucus carota. South Africa, Acremonium behniae on leaves of Behnia reticulata, Dothiora aloidendri and Hantamomyces aloidendri (incl. Hantamomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Aloidendron dichotomum, Endoconidioma euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia mauritanica, Eucasphaeria proteae on leaves of Protea neriifolia, Exophiala mali from inner fruit tissue of Malus sp., Graminopassalora geissorhizae on leaves of Geissorhiza splendidissima, Neocamarosporium leipoldtiae on leaves of Leipoldtia schultzii, Neocladosporium osteospermi on leaf spots of Osteospermum moniliferum, Neometulocladosporiella seifertii on leaves of Combretum caffrum, Paramyrothecium pituitipietianum on stems of Grielum humifusum, Phytopythium paucipapillatum from roots of Vitis sp., Stemphylium carpobroti and Verrucocladosporium carpobroti on leaves of Carpobrotus quadrifolius, Suttonomyces cephalophylli on leaves of Cephalophyllum pilansii. Sweden, Coprinopsis rubra on cow dung, Elaphomyces nemoreus from deciduous woodlands. Spain, Polyscytalum pini-canariensis on needles of Pinus canariensis, Pseudosubramaniomyces septatus from stream sediment, Tuber lusitanicum on soil under Quercus suber.Thailand, Tolypocladium flavonigrum on Elaphomyces sp. USA, Chaetothyrina spondiadis on fruits of Spondias mombin, Gymnascella minnisii from bat guano, Juncomyces patwiniorum on culms of Juncus effusus, Moelleriella puertoricoensis on scale insect, Neodothiora populina (incl. Neodothiora gen. nov.) on stem cankers of Populus tremuloides, Pseudogymnoascus palmeri from cave sediment. Vietnam, Cyphellophora vietnamensis on leaf litter, Tylopilus subotsuensis on soil in montane evergreen broadleaf forest. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
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Natural Fungicolous Regulators of Biscogniauxia destructiva sp. nov. That Causes Beech Bark Tarcrust in Southern European ( Fagus sylvatica) Forests. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121999. [PMID: 33333832 PMCID: PMC7765258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoparasites are a collection of fungicolous eukaryotic organisms that occur on and are antagonistic to a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi. To date, this fungal group has largely been neglected by biodiversity studies. However, this fungal group is of interest, as it may contain potential biocontrol agents of pathogenic fungi that cause beech Tarcrust disease (BTC), which has contributed to the devastation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests. Biscogniauxia nummularia has been demonstrated to cause BTC. However, a trophic association between mycoparasites and pathogenic Biscogniauxia spp., has not been established. This study aimed to taxonomically identify and characterize Biscogniauxia, a fungus causing destructive BTC disease in European beech at Lovćen national park, Montenegro and to uncover the diversity of mycopathogens that are natural regulators of xylariaceous Biscogniauxia stroma formation, associated with beech decline. This finding is supported by distinctive phylogenetic and evolutionary characteristics, as well as unique morphological-microscopic fungal features indicating that Biscogniauxia from Montenegro, which is a major cause of BTC occurring in ancient beech forests at the edge of southern Fagus sylvatica distribution, may be described as a novel fungus specific to Fagus. Its evolutionary nuSSU–complete ITS–partial nuLSU rDNA phylogeny indicates its likely emergence by asexual fusion or introgressive hybridization between diverged B. nummularia and B. anceps species. The name Biscogniauxia destructiva is proposed for the novel fungus, as it is aggressive and highly destructive BTC disease.
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Pérez-Cantero A, Guarro J. Sarocladium and Acremonium infections: New faces of an old opportunistic fungus. Mycoses 2020; 63:1203-1214. [PMID: 33090564 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genera Acremonium and Sarocladium comprise a high diversity of morphologically and genetically related fungi generally found in the environment, although a few species, mainly Sarocladium kiliense and Acremonium egyptiacum, can also be involved in many human infections. Clinical management of opportunistic infections caused by these fungi is very complex, since their correct identification is unreliable, and they generally show poor antifungal response. More than 300 clinical cases involving a broad range of Acremonium/Sarocladium infections have so far been published, and with this review we aim to compile and provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge on Acremonium/Sarocladium human infections in terms of presentation, diagnosis, treatments and prognoses. We also aim to summarise and discuss the data currently available on their antifungal susceptibility, emphasising the promising results obtained with voriconazole as well as their impact in terms of animal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Pérez-Cantero
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
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20
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Gupta A, Stec N, Summerbell R, Shear N, Piguet V, Tosti A, Piraccini B. Onychomycosis: a review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1972-1990. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Gupta
- Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Mediprobe Research Inc. London ON Canada
| | - N. Stec
- Mediprobe Research Inc. London ON Canada
| | - R.C. Summerbell
- Sporometrics Toronto ON Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - N.H. Shear
- Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Dermatology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada
| | - V. Piguet
- Division of Dermatology Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Dermatology Women's College Hospital Toronto ON Canada
| | - A. Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Leonard Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - B.M. Piraccini
- Dermatology Unit Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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21
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Anjos RM, Moreira SI, Costa SS, Abreu LM, Alves E, Cardoso PG. Sarocladium graminicola, a new endophytic species from tropical grasses. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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23
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Boundy-Mills K, McCluskey K, Elia P, Glaeser JA, Lindner DL, Nobles DR, Normanly J, Ochoa-Corona FM, Scott JA, Ward TJ, Webb KM, Webster K, Wertz JE. Preserving US microbe collections sparks future discoveries. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 129:162-174. [PMID: 31758754 PMCID: PMC7383923 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Collections of micro‐organisms are a crucial element of life science research infrastructure but are vulnerable to loss and damage caused by natural or man‐made disasters, the untimely death or retirement of personnel, or the loss of research funding. Preservation of biological collections has risen in priority due to a new appreciation for discoveries linked to preserved specimens, emerging hurdles to international collecting and decreased funding for new collecting. While many historic collections have been lost, several have been preserved, some with dramatic rescue stories. Rescued microbes have been used for discoveries in areas of health, biotechnology and basic life science. Suggestions for long‐term planning for microbial stocks are listed, as well as inducements for long‐term preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Boundy-Mills
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K McCluskey
- Department of Plant Pathology, Fungal Genetics Stock Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - P Elia
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS Rhizobium Germplasm Resource Collection, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - J A Glaeser
- Center for Forest Mycology Research, USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D L Lindner
- Center for Forest Mycology Research, USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D R Nobles
- UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - J Normanly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - F M Ochoa-Corona
- National Institute for Microbial Forensics & Food and Agricultural Biosecurity, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - J A Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T J Ward
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - K M Webb
- Soil Management and Sugar Beet Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - K Webster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J E Wertz
- E. coli Genetic Stock Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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The High Diversity and Variable Susceptibility of Clinically Relevant Acremonium-Like Species in China. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:759-773. [PMID: 31655952 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acremonium-like fungi are emerging as important opportunistic pathogens in cutaneous, subcutaneous and serious invasive infections, especially in immunocompromised and debilitated individuals, and Acremonium infections are usually resistant to antifungal therapy. Several molecular studies have demonstrated that many species in the genus Acremonium are polyphyletic, and currently, the genus is restricted to the family Bionectriaceae (Hypocreales). Molecular identification and in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests of Acremonium-like fungi isolated from human clinical specimens in China were performed in this study. Three genetic loci: the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), were used to assess their taxonomic position for correct identification among various species. The multilocus study of twenty-eight strains showed that these strains were distributed in three main lineages: egyptiacum, Cordycipitaceae and Sarocladium; Acremonium egyptiacum and Sarocladium kiliense were the main species of these strains, and three isolates were too phylogenetically distant to be considered undescribed species. Relatively low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.25-2 and 0.031-0.5 μg/mL were found for voriconazole and terbinafine for most species, respectively. Varied antifungal activities of ciclopirox olamine, amorolfine and posaconazole were found in our study. However, no antifungal effect of sertaconazole, itraconazole or fluconazole was observed against most strains. This is the first study on Acremonium-like species diversity by multilocus sequence analyses and antifungal susceptibility of clinically relevant isolates in China.
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Complete biosynthetic pathways of ascofuranone and ascochlorin in Acremonium egyptiacum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8269-8274. [PMID: 30952781 PMCID: PMC6486709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819254116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascofuranone (AF) and ascochlorin (AC) are fungal natural products with similar chemical structures, originally isolated from Acremonium egyptiacum. Both have many useful biological properties; in particular, AF is a promising drug candidate against the tropical disease, African trypanosomiasis. However, the difficulty of the synthetic method and the inaccessibility of bioengineering methods have inhibited industrial production. This study identified all of the genes required for the branched biosynthetic pathways of AF/AC, which are clustered at two separate loci in the genome. In addition, we established the A. egyptiacum strain selectively producing AF, by genetically blocking the AC biosynthetic pathway. This study benefits the field of combinatorial biosynthesis through presenting biocatalysts and paves the way to cost-effective AF production with bioengineering. Ascofuranone (AF) and ascochlorin (AC) are meroterpenoids produced by various filamentous fungi, including Acremonium egyptiacum (synonym: Acremonium sclerotigenum), and exhibit diverse physiological activities. In particular, AF is a promising drug candidate against African trypanosomiasis and a potential anticancer lead compound. These compounds are supposedly biosynthesized through farnesylation of orsellinic acid, but the details have not been established. In this study, we present all of the reactions and responsible genes for AF and AC biosyntheses in A. egyptiacum, identified by heterologous expression, in vitro reconstruction, and gene deletion experiments with the aid of a genome-wide differential expression analysis. Both pathways share the common precursor, ilicicolin A epoxide, which is processed by the membrane-bound terpene cyclase (TPC) AscF in AC biosynthesis. AF biosynthesis branches from the precursor by hydroxylation at C-16 by the P450 monooxygenase AscH, followed by cyclization by a membrane-bound TPC AscI. All genes required for AC biosynthesis (ascABCDEFG) and a transcriptional factor (ascR) form a functional gene cluster, whereas those involved in the late steps of AF biosynthesis (ascHIJ) are present in another distantly located cluster. AF is therefore a rare example of fungal secondary metabolites requiring multilocus biosynthetic clusters, which are likely to be controlled by the single regulator, AscR. Finally, we achieved the selective production of AF in A. egyptiacum by genetically blocking the AC biosynthetic pathway; further manipulation of the strain will lead to the cost-effective mass production required for the clinical use of AF.
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Editorial for the Special Issue: Human Pathogenic Filamentous Fungi from Food/Water and Mycotoxins from Water. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7010021. [PMID: 30654464 PMCID: PMC6352221 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue was conceived due to the success of the book by Paterson and Lima [...].
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Crous P, Luangsa-ard J, Wingfield M, Carnegie A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Lombard L, Roux J, Barreto R, Baseia I, Cano-Lira J, Martín M, Morozova O, Stchigel A, Summerell B, Brandrud T, Dima B, García D, Giraldo A, Guarro J, Gusmão L, Khamsuntorn P, Noordeloos M, Nuankaew S, Pinruan U, Rodríguez-Andrade E, Souza-Motta C, Thangavel R, van Iperen A, Abreu V, Accioly T, Alves J, Andrade J, Bahram M, Baral HO, Barbier E, Barnes C, Bendiksen E, Bernard E, Bezerra J, Bezerra J, Bizio E, Blair J, Bulyonkova T, Cabral T, Caiafa M, Cantillo T, Colmán A, Conceição L, Cruz S, Cunha A, Darveaux B, da Silva A, da Silva G, da Silva G, da Silva R, de Oliveira R, Oliveira R, De Souza J, Dueñas M, Evans H, Epifani F, Felipe M, Fernández-López J, Ferreira B, Figueiredo C, Filippova N, Flores J, Gené J, Ghorbani G, Gibertoni T, Glushakova A, Healy R, Huhndorf S, Iturrieta-González I, Javan-Nikkhah M, Juciano R, Jurjević Ž, Kachalkin A, Keochanpheng K, Krisai-Greilhuber I, Li YC, Lima A, Machado A, Madrid H, Magalhães O, Marbach P, Melanda G, Miller A, Mongkolsamrit S, Nascimento R, Oliveira T, Ordoñez M, Orzes R, Palma M, Pearce C, Pereira O, Perrone G, Peterson S, Pham T, Piontelli E, Pordel A, Quijada L, Raja H, Rosas de Paz E, Ryvarden L, Saitta A, Salcedo S, Sandoval-Denis M, Santos T, Seifert K, Silva B, Smith M, Soares A, Sommai S, Sousa J, Suetrong S, Susca A, Tedersoo L, Telleria M, Thanakitpipattana D, Valenzuela-Lopez N, Visagie C, Zapata M, Groenewald J. Fungal Planet description sheets: 785-867. PERSOONIA 2018; 41:238-417. [PMID: 30728607 PMCID: PMC6344811 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2018.41.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Angola, Gnomoniopsis angolensis and Pseudopithomyces angolensis on unknown host plants. Australia, Dothiora corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora, Neoeucasphaeria eucalypti (incl. Neoeucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Fumagopsis stellae on Eucalyptus sp., Fusculina eucalyptorum (incl. Fusculinaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus socialis, Harknessia corymbiicola on Corymbia maculata, Neocelosporium eucalypti (incl. Neocelosporium gen. nov., Neocelosporiaceae fam. nov. and Neocelosporiales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus cyanophylla, Neophaeomoniella corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora, Neophaeomoniella eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus pilularis, Pseudoplagiostoma corymbiicola on Corymbia citriodora, Teratosphaeria gracilis on Eucalyptus gracilis, Zasmidium corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora. Brazil, Calonectria hemileiae on pustules of Hemileia vastatrix formed on leaves of Coffea arabica, Calvatia caatinguensis on soil, Cercospora solani-betacei on Solanum betaceum, Clathrus natalensis on soil, Diaporthe poincianellae on Poincianella pyramidalis, Geastrum piquiriunense on soil, Geosmithia carolliae on wing of Carollia perspicillata, Henningsia resupinata on wood, Penicillium guaibinense from soil, Periconia caespitosa from leaf litter, Pseudocercospora styracina on Styrax sp., Simplicillium filiforme as endophyte from Citrullus lanatus, Thozetella pindobacuensis on leaf litter, Xenosonderhenia coussapoae on Coussapoa floccosa. Canary Islands (Spain), Orbilia amarilla on Euphorbia canariensis. Cape Verde Islands, Xylodon jacobaeus on Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Chile, Colletotrichum arboricola on Fuchsia magellanica. Costa Rica, Lasiosphaeria miniovina on tree branch. Ecuador, Ganoderma chocoense on tree trunk. France, Neofitzroyomyces nerii (incl. Neofitzroyomyces gen. nov.) on Nerium oleander. Ghana, Castanediella tereticornis on Eucalyptus tereticornis, Falcocladium africanum on Eucalyptus brassiana, Rachicladosporium corymbiae on Corymbia citriodora. Hungary, Entoloma silvae-frondosae in Carpinus betulus-Pinus sylvestris mixed forest. Iran, Pseudopyricularia persiana on Cyperus sp. Italy, Inocybe roseascens on soil in mixed forest. Laos, Ophiocordyceps houaynhangensis on Coleoptera larva. Malaysia, Monilochaetes melastomae on Melastoma sp. Mexico, Absidia terrestris from soil. Netherlands, Acaulium pannemaniae, Conioscypha boutwelliae, Fusicolla septimanifiniscientiae, Gibellulopsis simonii, Lasionectria hilhorstii, Lectera nordwiniana, Leptodiscella rintelii, Parasarocladium debruynii and Sarocladium dejongiae (incl. Sarocladiaceae fam. nov.) from soil. New Zealand, Gnomoniopsis rosae on Rosa sp. and Neodevriesia metrosideri on Metrosideros sp. Puerto Rico, Neodevriesia coccolobae on Coccoloba uvifera, Neodevriesia tabebuiae and Alfaria tabebuiae on Tabebuia chrysantha. Russia, Amanita paludosa on bogged soil in mixed deciduous forest, Entoloma tiliae in forest of Tilia × europaea, Kwoniella endophytica on Pyrus communis. South Africa, Coniella diospyri on Diospyros mespiliformis, Neomelanconiella combreti (incl. Neomelanconiellaceae fam. nov. and Neomelanconiella gen. nov.) on Combretum sp., Polyphialoseptoria natalensis on unidentified plant host, Pseudorobillarda bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus, Thelonectria pelargonii on Pelargonium sp. Spain, Vermiculariopsiella lauracearum and Anungitopsis lauri on Laurus novocanariensis, Geosmithia xerotolerans from a darkened wall of a house, Pseudopenidiella gallaica on leaf litter. Thailand, Corynespora thailandica on wood, Lareunionomyces loeiensis on leaf litter, Neocochlearomyces chromolaenae (incl. Neocochlearomyces gen. nov.) on Chromolaena odorata, Neomyrmecridium septatum (incl. Neomyrmecridium gen. nov.), Pararamichloridium caricicola on Carex sp., Xenodactylaria thailandica (incl. Xenodactylariaceae fam. nov. and Xenodactylaria gen. nov.), Neomyrmecridium asiaticum and Cymostachys thailandica from unidentified vine. USA, Carolinigaster bonitoi (incl. Carolinigaster gen. nov.) from soil, Penicillium fortuitum from house dust, Phaeotheca shathenatiana (incl. Phaeothecaceae fam. nov.) from twig and cone litter, Pythium wohlseniorum from stream water, Superstratomyces tardicrescens from human eye, Talaromyces iowaense from office air. Vietnam, Fistulinella olivaceoalba on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - J.J. Luangsa-ard
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - A.J. Carnegie
- Forest Health & Biosecurity, NSW Department of Primary Industries –Forestry, Level 12, 10 Valentine Ave, Parramatta NSW 2150, NSW 2124, Australia
| | - M. Hernández-Restrepo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Roux
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - R.W. Barreto
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - I.G. Baseia
- Departamento Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072–970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - J.F. Cano-Lira
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M.P. Martín
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - O.V. Morozova
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376, 2 Prof. Popov Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A.M. Stchigel
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - B.A. Summerell
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - T.E. Brandrud
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - B. Dima
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D. García
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A. Giraldo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - J. Guarro
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - L.F.P. Gusmão
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N – Novo Horizonte, 44036-900. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - P. Khamsuntorn
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - M.E. Noordeloos
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, section Botany, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S. Nuankaew
- Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - U. Pinruan
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - E. Rodríguez-Andrade
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - C.M. Souza-Motta
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - R. Thangavel
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
| | - A.L. van Iperen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V.P. Abreu
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T. Accioly
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - J.L. Alves
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J.P. Andrade
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N – Novo Horizonte, 44036-900. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - M. Bahram
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St., 51005 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - E. Barbier
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - C.W. Barnes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, Panamericana Sur Km 1, Sector Cutuglahua, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - E. Bendiksen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - E. Bernard
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - J.D.P. Bezerra
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - J.L. Bezerra
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - E. Bizio
- Società Veneziana di Micologia, S. Croce 1730, 30135, Venezia, Italy
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J.E. Blair
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, 415 Harrisburg Avenue, Lancaster, PA 17603 USA
| | - T.M. Bulyonkova
- A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, 6 Acad. Lavrentieva pr., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T.S. Cabral
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - M.V. Caiafa
- Department of Plant Pathology & Florida Museum of Natural History, 2527 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - T. Cantillo
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N – Novo Horizonte, 44036-900. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - A.A. Colmán
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L.B. Conceição
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N – Novo Horizonte, 44036-900. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - S. Cruz
- Department of Plant Pathology & Florida Museum of Natural History, 2527 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - A.O.B. Cunha
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - B.A. Darveaux
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Dr., Suite 103, Hillsborough, North Carolina, 27278 USA
| | - A.L. da Silva
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G.A. da Silva
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - G.M. da Silva
- Departamento Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072–970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - R.M.F. da Silva
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - R.J.V. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - R.L. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - M. Dueñas
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - H.C. Evans
- CAB International, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW20 9TY, Surrey, UK
| | - F. Epifani
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M.T.C. Felipe
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - J. Fernández-López
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - B.W. Ferreira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - N.V. Filippova
- Yugra State University, 16, Chekhova Str., 628012, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - J.A. Flores
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - J. Gené
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - G. Ghorbani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - T.B. Gibertoni
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, S/N – Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A.M. Glushakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow / All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - R. Healy
- Department of Plant Pathology & Florida Museum of Natural History, 2527 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - S.M. Huhndorf
- The Field Museum, Department of Botany, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 60605-2496, USA
| | - I. Iturrieta-González
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M. Javan-Nikkhah
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - R.F. Juciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ž. Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA
| | - A.V. Kachalkin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow / All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | | | - I. Krisai-Greilhuber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Y.-C. Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - A.A. Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - A.R. Machado
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - H. Madrid
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - O.M.C. Magalhães
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - G.C.S. Melanda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - A.N. Miller
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - S. Mongkolsamrit
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | | | - T.G.L. Oliveira
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - M.E. Ordoñez
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - R. Orzes
- Gruppo Micologico Bresadola di Belluno, Via Bries 25, Agordo, 32021, Italy
| | - M.A. Palma
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorio Regional Valparaíso, Unidad de Fitopatología, Varas 120, Código Postal 2360451, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C.J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Dr., Suite 103, Hillsborough, North Carolina, 27278 USA
| | - O.L. Pereira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G. Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S.W. Peterson
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - T.H.G. Pham
- Saint Petersburg State Forestry University, 194021, 5U Institutsky Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia / Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - E. Piontelli
- Universidad de Valparaíso, Facultad de Medicina, Profesor Emérito Cátedra de Micología, Hontaneda 2653, Código Postal 2341369, Valparaíso Chile
| | - A. Pordel
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
| | - L. Quijada
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - H.A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Science Building, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA
| | - E. Rosas de Paz
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Microbiology Department, ENCB-IPN, Prolongación Manuel Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Santo Tomás, 11350 Ciudad de México, D.F., México
| | - L. Ryvarden
- University of Oslo, Department of Botany, P.O. Box 1045, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - A. Saitta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - S.S. Salcedo
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - T.A.B. Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N – Novo Horizonte, 44036-900. Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada, and Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - B.D.B. Silva
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M.E. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology & Florida Museum of Natural History, 2527 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA
| | - A.M. Soares
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, S/N – Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - S. Sommai
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - J.O. Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - S. Suetrong
- Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - A. Susca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - L. Tedersoo
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St., 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M.T. Telleria
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Thanakitpipattana
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - N. Valenzuela-Lopez
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Microbiology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Science, University of Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta s/n, 02800 Antofagasta, Chile
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council – Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa
| | - M. Zapata
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorio Regional Chillán, Unidad de Fitopatología, Claudio Arrau 738, Chillán, Código Postal 3800773, Chile
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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