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Bernabéu-Gimeno M, Pardo-Freire M, Chan BK, Turner PE, Gil-Brusola A, Pérez-Tarazona S, Carrasco-Hernández L, Quintana-Gallego E, Domingo-Calap P. Neutralizing antibodies after nebulized phage therapy in cystic fibrosis patients. MED 2024:S2666-6340(24)00221-6. [PMID: 38917792 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are prone to recurrent multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial lung infections. Under this scenario, phage therapy has been proposed as a promising tool. However, the limited number of reported cases hampers the understanding of clinical outcomes. Anti-phage immune responses have often been overlooked and only described following invasive routes of administration. METHODS Three monophage treatments against Staphylococcus aureus and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections were conducted in cystic fibrosis patients. In-house phage preparations were nebulized over 10 days with standard-of-care antibiotics. Clinical indicators, bacterial counts, phage and antibiotic susceptibility, phage detection, and immune responses were monitored. FINDINGS Bacterial load was reduced by 3-6 log in two of the treatments. No adverse events were described. Phages remained in sputum up to 33 days after completion of the treatment. In all cases, phage-neutralizing antibodies were detected in serum from 10 to 42 days post treatment, with this being the first report of anti-phage antibodies after nebulized therapy. CONCLUSIONS Nebulized phage therapy reduced bacterial load, improving quality of life even without bacterial eradication. The emergence of antibodies emphasizes the importance of long-term monitoring to better understand clinical outcomes. These findings encourage the use of personalized monophage therapies in contrast to ready-to-use cocktails, which might induce undesirable antibody generation. FUNDING This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities; Generalitat Valenciana; and a crowdfunding in collaboration with the Spanish Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Bernabéu-Gimeno
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Marco Pardo-Freire
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Benjamin K Chan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Center for Phage Biology and Therapy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Paul E Turner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Center for Phage Biology and Therapy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Program in Microbiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ana Gil-Brusola
- Microbiology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Pérez-Tarazona
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Carrasco-Hernández
- Medical-Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; CIBER Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Quintana-Gallego
- Medical-Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; CIBER Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Domingo-Calap
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
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Lerdsittikul V, Apiratwarrasakul S, Atithep T, Withatanung P, Indrawattana N, Pumirat P, Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan S, Thongdee M. Isolation and characterisation of a novel Silviavirus bacteriophage promising antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9251. [PMID: 38649443 PMCID: PMC11035597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emphasises the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents as alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy is one of the most promising antimicrobial strategies. Here, we isolated and comprehensively characterized a novel Staphylococcus phage, vB_SauM_VL10 (VL10), from urban sewage. The VL10 genome displays 141,746 bp of linear double-stranded DNA, containing 193 open reading frames and lacking tRNA, virulence, or antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis categorizes VL10 as a novel species within the Silviavirus genus, Twortvirinae subfamily. VL10 exhibits lytic behaviour characterized by efficient adsorption, a short latent period, and substantial burst size, with environmental stability. It demonstrates lytic activity against 79.06% of tested S. aureus strains, highlighting its species specificity. Additionally, VL10 effectively targets MRSA biofilms, reducing biomass and viable cells. In MRSA-infected G. mellonella larvae, VL10 enhances survival rates, supporting its potential for phage therapy applications. Moreover, the emergence of VL10-resistant S. aureus strains associated with fitness trade-offs, including reduced growth, biofilm formation, and virulence. Altogether, these findings emphasize VL10 as a promising candidate for developing therapeutic agents against MRSA infections, providing insights into phage biology and resistance dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varintip Lerdsittikul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Sukanya Apiratwarrasakul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thassanant Atithep
- Frontier Research Center, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Patoo Withatanung
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research and Excellence in Allergy and Immunology (SiALL), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan
- The Monitoring Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Metawee Thongdee
- The Monitoring Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Gliźniewicz M, Miłek D, Olszewska P, Czajkowski A, Serwin N, Cecerska-Heryć E, Dołęgowska B, Grygorcewicz B. Advances in bacteriophage-mediated strategies for combating polymicrobial biofilms. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1320345. [PMID: 38249486 PMCID: PMC10797108 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1320345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi tend to coexist within biofilms instead of in planktonic states. Usually, such communities include cross-kingdom microorganisms, which make them harder to remove from abiotic surfaces or infection sites. Additionally, the produced biofilm matrix protects embedded microorganisms from antibiotics, disinfectants, or the host immune system. Therefore, classic therapies based on antibiotics might be ineffective, especially when multidrug-resistant bacteria are causative factors. The complexities surrounding the eradication of biofilms from diverse surfaces and the human body have spurred the exploration of alternative therapeutic modalities. Among these options, bacteriophages and their enzymatic counterparts have emerged as promising candidates, either employed independently or in synergy with antibiotics and other agents. Phages are natural bacteria killers because of mechanisms of action that differ from antibiotics, phages might answer worldwide problems with bacterial infections. In this review, we report the attempts to use bacteriophages in combating polymicrobial biofilms in in vitro studies, using different models, including the therapeutical use of phages. In addition, we sum up the advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives of phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gliźniewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Miłek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Olszewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Artur Czajkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection Processes, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
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4
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Shree S, Suman E, Kotian H, Paul SH, M SS. Effect of Klebsiella-specific phage on multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae- an experimental study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 47:100515. [PMID: 37981030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to study the effect of Klebsiella-specific phage isolated from sewage with and without the combination of antibiotics (imipenem) on the growth of clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae by time-kill assay and also to study the effect of bacteriophage and bacteriophage-antibiotic (imipenem) combination on biofilm production. METHODS A total of 40 MDR K. pneumoniae isolates were used. Klebsiella-specific phage was isolated using K. pneumoniae subspp. pneumoniae ATCC 33495 as the host from sewage. In vitro time kill curve assays were performed to evaluate the effect of Klebsiella-specific phage with and without the combination of antibiotics on the viable cell counts of MDR K. pneumoniae isolates. Microtiter plate method of O'Toole and Kolter was used to study the effect of Klebsiella-specific phage with and without the combination of antibiotics on biofilm production. For the Time kill assay, results were analyzed for significant differences using Friedman test. Tests for significant differences between the different groups were found using the Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation between the formation of biofilm was analyzed using Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation. P value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS In vitro time-kill assay showed a 0.4 log decline and a 0.5 log decline in K. pneumoniae colony counts at 4 h, when phage was administered individually and in combination with imipenem, respectively (p < 0.001). Phage and phage-imipenem combinations reduced the ability of K. pneumoniae to produce biofilm by 38 % and 53 %, respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study suggests that phage therapy has inhibiting activity against MDR K. pneumoniae. It is found to reduce bacterial cell count and biofilm formation but does not have a total cidal effect. However, in order to get a notable result, a phage cocktail or combination of phage with other antibiotic(s) is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Shree
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576 104, India.
| | - Ethel Suman
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576 104, India.
| | - Himani Kotian
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576 104, India.
| | - S Harsha Paul
- Department of Microbiology, The Yenepoya Institute of Arts, Science, Commerce and Management, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Suchitra Shenoy M
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576 104, India.
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Plumet L, Morsli M, Ahmad-Mansour N, Clavijo-Coppens F, Berry L, Sotto A, Lavigne JP, Costechareyre D, Molle V. Isolation and Characterization of New Bacteriophages against Staphylococcal Clinical Isolates from Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Viruses 2023; 15:2287. [PMID: 38140529 PMCID: PMC10747802 DOI: 10.3390/v15122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus sp. is the most common bacterial genus in infections related to diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria places a serious burden on public health systems. Phage therapy is an alternative treatment to antibiotics, overcoming the issue of antibiotic resistance. In this study, six phages (SAVM01 to SAVM06) were isolated from effluents and were used against a panel of staphylococcal clinical samples isolated from DFUs. A genomic analysis revealed that the phages belonged to the Herelleviridae family, with sequences similar to those of the Kayvirus genus. No lysogeny-associated genes, known virulence or drug resistance genes were identified in the phage genomes. The phages displayed a strong lytic and antibiofilm activity against DFU clinical isolates, as well as against opportunistic pathogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci. The results presented here suggest that these phages could be effective biocontrol agents against staphylococcal clinical isolates from DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Plumet
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (N.A.-M.)
| | - Madjid Morsli
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (M.M.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Nour Ahmad-Mansour
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (N.A.-M.)
| | | | - Laurence Berry
- Laboratory of Pathogen and Host Immunity, CNRS UMR5294, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Albert Sotto
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of de Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France;
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (M.M.); (J.-P.L.)
| | | | - Virginie Molle
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (N.A.-M.)
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (M.M.); (J.-P.L.)
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Hashmi HB, Farooq MA, Khan MH, Alshammari A, Aljasham AT, Rashid SA, Khan NR, Hashmi IB, Badar M, Mubarak MS. Collaterally Sensitive β-Lactam Drugs as an Effective Therapy against the Pre-Existing Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Biofilms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050687. [PMID: 37242471 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the leading causes of nosocomial infections and forms biofilms, which are difficult to eradicate because of their increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. This is especially true for pre-existing biofilms. The current study focused on evaluating the efficacy of three β-lactam drugs, meropenem, piperacillin, and tazobactam, alone and in combination against the MRSA biofilms. When used individually, none of the drugs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MRSA in a planktonic state. At the same time, the combination of meropenem, piperacillin, and tazobactam showed a 41.7 and 41.3% reduction in planktonic bacterial cell growth, respectively. These drugs were further assessed for biofilm inhibition and removal. The combination of meropenem, piperacillin, and tazobactam caused 44.3% biofilm inhibition, while the rest of the combinations did not show any significant effects. Results also revealed that piperacillin and tazobactam exhibited the best synergy against the pre-formed biofilm of MRSA, with 46% removal. However, adding meropenem to the piperacillin and tazobactam combination showed a slightly reduced activity towards the pre-formed biofilm of MRSA and removed 38.7% of it. Although the mechanism of synergism is not fully understood, our findings suggest that these three β-lactam drugs can be used in combination as very effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of pre-existing MRSA biofilms. The in vivo experiments on the antibiofilm activity of these drugs will pave the way for applying such synergistic combinations to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamna Batool Hashmi
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Farooq
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Muhammad Hashim Khan
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud T Aljasham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Nanocarriers Research Laboratory, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Rahim Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Irum Batool Hashmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Badar
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad S Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amma 11942, Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Abd-Allah IM, El-Housseiny GS, Al-Agamy MH, Radwan HH, Aboshanab KM, Hassouna NA. Statistical optimization of a podoviral anti-MRSA phage CCASU-L10 generated from an under sampled repository: Chicken rinse. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1149848. [PMID: 37065190 PMCID: PMC10102507 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1149848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe insurgence of antimicrobial resistance is an imminent health danger globally. A wide range of challenging diseases are attributed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as it is weaponized with a unique array of virulence factors, and most importantly, the resistance it develops to most of the antibiotics used clinically. On that account, the present study targeted the optimization of the production of a bacteriophage active against MRSA, and evaluating some of its characters.Methods and resultsThe bacteriophage originated from a quite peculiar environmental source, raw chicken rinse and was suggested to belong to Podoviridae, order Caudovirales. It withstood a variety of extreme conditions and yield optimization was accomplished via the D-optimal design by response surface methodology (RSM). A reduced quadratic model was generated, and the ideal production conditions recommended were pH 8, glycerol 0.9% v/v, peptone 0.08% w/v, and 107 CFU/ml as the host inoculum size. These conditions led to a two-log fold increase in the phage titer (1.17x10¹² PFU/ml), as compared to the regular conditions.DiscussionTo conclude, statistical optimization successfully enhanced the output of the podoviral phage titer by two-log fold and therefore, can be regarded as a potential scale-up strategy. The produced phage was able to tolerate extreme environmental condition making it suitable for topical pharmaceutical preparations. Further preclinical and clinical studies are required to ensure its suitability for use in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M. Abd-Allah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S. El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ghadir S. El-Housseiny, ; Khaled M. Aboshanab,
| | - Mohamed H. Al-Agamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham H. Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ghadir S. El-Housseiny, ; Khaled M. Aboshanab,
| | - Nadia A. Hassouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Stasiłojć M, Stasiłojć G, Kaźmierczak N, Piechowicz L. The Influence of Bacteriophages on the Metabolic Condition of Human Fibroblasts in Light of the Safety of Phage Therapy in Staphylococcal Skin Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065961. [PMID: 36983034 PMCID: PMC10055722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy has been successfully used as an experimental therapy in the treatment of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA)-caused skin infections and is seen as the most promising alternative to antibiotics. However, in recent years a number of reports indicating that phages can interact with eukaryotic cells emerged. Therefore, there is a need to re-evaluate phage therapy in light of safety. It is important to analyze not only the cytotoxicity of phages alone but also the impact their lytic activity against bacteria may have on human cells. As progeny virions rupture the cell wall, lipoteichoic acids are released in high quantities. It has been shown that they act as inflammatory agents and their presence could lead to the worsening of the patient's condition and influence their recovery. In our work, we have tested if the treatment of normal human fibroblasts with staphylococcal phages will influence the metabolic state of the cell and the integrity of cell membranes. We have also analyzed the effectiveness of bacteriophages in reducing the number of MDRSA attached to human fibroblasts and the influence of the lytic activity of phages on cell viability. We observed that, out of three tested anti-Staphylococcal phages-vB_SauM-A, vB_SauM-C and vB_SauM-D-high concentrations (109 PFU/mL) of two, vB_SauM-A and vB_SauM-D, showed a negative impact on the viability of human fibroblasts. However, a dose of 107 PFU/mL had no effect on the metabolic activity or membrane integrity of the cells. We also observed that the addition of phages alleviated the negative effect of the MDRSA infection on fibroblasts' viability, as phages were able to effectively reduce the number of bacteria in the co-culture. We believe that these results will contribute to a better understanding of the influence of phage therapy on human cells and encourage even more studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stasiłojć
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Stasiłojć
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Kaźmierczak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Piechowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
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Shoaib M, Aqib AI, Muzammil I, Majeed N, Bhutta ZA, Kulyar MFEA, Fatima M, Zaheer CNF, Muneer A, Murtaza M, Kashif M, Shafqat F, Pu W. MRSA compendium of epidemiology, transmission, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention within one health framework. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1067284. [PMID: 36704547 PMCID: PMC9871788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1067284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as commensal as well as opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals. Methicillin resistant strain of S. aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a major pathogen in hospitals, community and veterinary settings that compromises the public health and livestock production. MRSA basically emerged from MSSA after acquiring SCCmec element through gene transfer containing mecA gene responsible for encoding PBP-2α. This protein renders the MRSA resistant to most of the β-lactam antibiotics. Due to the continuous increasing prevalence and transmission of MRSA in hospitals, community and veterinary settings posing a major threat to public health. Furthermore, high pathogenicity of MRSA due to a number of virulence factors produced by S. aureus along with antibiotic resistance help to breach the immunity of host and responsible for causing severe infections in humans and animals. The clinical manifestations of MRSA consist of skin and soft tissues infection to bacteremia, septicemia, toxic shock, and scalded skin syndrome. Moreover, due to the increasing resistance of MRSA to number of antibiotics, there is need to approach alternatives ways to overcome economic as well as human losses. This review is going to discuss various aspects of MRSA starting from emergence, transmission, epidemiology, pathophysiology, disease patterns in hosts, novel treatment, and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Amjad Islam Aqib
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Muzammil
- Department of Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Majeed
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mahreen Fatima
- Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Afshan Muneer
- Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Shafqat
- Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Kaźmierczak N, Piechowicz L. Activity of Phage–Lactoferrin Mixture against Multi Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091256. [PMID: 36140035 PMCID: PMC9495459 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex bacterial structures composed of bacterial cells embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) consisting of polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. As a result, biofilms are difficult to eradicate using both mechanical methods, i.e., scraping, and chemical methods such as disinfectants or antibiotics. Bacteriophages are shown to be able to act as anti-biofilm agents, with the ability to penetrate through the matrix and reach the bacterial cells. However, they also seem to have their limitations. After several hours of treatment with phages, the biofilm tends to grow back and phage-resistant bacteria emerge. Therefore, it is now recommended to use a mixture of phages and other antibacterial agents in order to increase treatment efficiency. In our work we have paired staphylococcal phages with lactoferrin, a protein with proven anti-biofilm proprieties. By analyzing the biofilm biomass and metabolic activity, we have observed that the addition of lactoferrin to phage lysate accelerated the anti-biofilm effect of phages and also prevented biofilm re-growth. Therefore, this combination might have a potential use in biofilm eradication procedures in medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Kaźmierczak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Piechowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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11
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Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Stasiłojć M, Grabowski Ł, Zdrojewska K, Węgrzyn G, Węgrzyn A. Efficacy and safety of phage therapy against Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis estimated by using a battery of in vitro tests and the Galleria mellonella animal model. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Grygorcewicz B, Roszak M, Rakoczy R, Augustyniak A, Konopacki M, Jabłońska J, Serwin N, Cecerska-Heryć E, Kordas M, Galant K, Dołęgowska B. PhageScore-based analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii infecting phages antibiotic interaction in liquid medium. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:421. [PMID: 35748948 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in bacteriophages and antibiotics' combined use poses new challenges regarding this phenomenon's accurate description. This study aimed to apply the PhageScore methodology to assess the phage-antibiotic combination activity in liquid bacterial culture. For this purpose, previously described Acinetobacter infecting phages vB_AbaP_AGC01, Aba-1, and Aba-4 and antibiotics (gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, norfloxacin, and fosfomycin) were used to obtain a lysis curve of bacteriophages under antibiotic pressure. The experimental data were analyzed using the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) and PhageScore methodology. The results obtained by this method clearly show differences between phage lytic activity after antibiotic addition. Thus, we present the potential use of the PhageScore method as a tool for characterizing the phage antibiotic synergy in liquid culture. Further, the optimization of the PhageScore for this purpose can help compare antibiotics and their outcome on bacteriophage lytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. .,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Marta Roszak
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Rakoczy
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adrian Augustyniak
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Konopacki
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Jabłońska
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marian Kordas
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Avenue 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Galant
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Chair of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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13
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Abd-Allah IM, El-Housseiny GS, Alshahrani MY, El-Masry SS, Aboshanab KM, Hassouna NA. An Anti-MRSA Phage From Raw Fish Rinse: Stability Evaluation and Production Optimization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:904531. [PMID: 35656033 PMCID: PMC9152141 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.904531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has denoted the danger of resistance in tenacious organisms like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA, a supple bacterium that adopts a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, is the cause of multiple life-threatening conditions. Approaching a post-antibiotic era, bacteria-specific natural predators, bacteriophages, are now given the chance to prove eligible for joining the antibacterial weaponry. Considering the foregoing, this study aimed at isolating bacteriophages with promising anti-MRSA lytic activity, followed by characterization and optimization of the production of the bacteriophage with the broadest host range. Five phages were isolated from different environmental sources including the rinse of raw chicken egg, raw milk, and, remarkably, the raw meat rinses of chicken and fish. Examined for lytic activity against a set of 23 MRSA isolates collected from various clinical specimens, all five phages showed relatively broad host ranges with the bacteriophage originally isolated from raw fish rinse showing lytic activity against all the isolates tested. This phage is suggested to be a member of Siphoviridae family, order Caudovirales, as revealed by electron microscopy. It also exhibited good thermal stability and viability at different pH grades. Moreover, it showed reasonable stability against UV light and all viricidal organic solvents tested. Optimization using D-optimal design by response surface methodology was carried out to enhance the phage yield. The optimum conditions suggested by the generated model were a pH value of 7, a carbon source of 0.5% w/v sucrose, and a nitrogen source of 0.1% w/v peptone, at a temperature of 28°C and a bacterial inoculum size of 107 CFU/ml, resulting in a 2 log-fold increase in the produced bacteriophage titer. Overall, the above findings indicate the lytic ability inflicted by this virus on MRSA. Apparently, its stability under some of the extreme conditions tested implies its potential to be a candidate for pharmaceutical formulation as an anti-MRSA therapeutic tool. We hope that bacteriophages could tip the balance in favor of the human front in their battle against multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M. Abd-Allah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S. El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar S. El-Masry
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia A. Hassouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Recent Developments in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Treatment: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050606. [PMID: 35625250 PMCID: PMC9137690 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive bacterium that may cause life-threatening diseases and some minor infections in living organisms. However, it shows notorious effects when it becomes resistant to antibiotics. Strain variants of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that have become resistant to existing multiple antimicrobials are termed as superbugs. Methicillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic drug that was used to inhibit staphylococci pathogens. The S. aureus resistant to methicillin is known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which became a superbug due to its defiant activity against the antibiotics and medications most commonly used to treat major and minor infections. Successful MRSA infection management involves rapid identification of the infected site, culture and susceptibility tests, evidence-based treatment, and appropriate preventive protocols. This review describes the clinical management of MRSA pathogenesis, recent developments in rapid diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment choices for MRSA.
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15
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Roszak M, Dołęgowska B, Cecerska-Heryć E, Serwin N, Jabłońska J, Grygorcewicz B. Bacteriophage–Ciprofloxacin Combination Effectiveness Depends on Staphylococcus aureus– Candida albicans Dual-Species Communities’ Growth Model. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:613-622. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Roszak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Jabłońska
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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16
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Rotating Magnetic Field-Assisted Reactor Enhances Mechanisms of Phage Adsorption on Bacterial Cell Surface. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1316-1325. [PMID: 35723311 PMCID: PMC8947294 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in bacteriophage research and use, especially as an alternative treatment option for multidrug-resistant bacterial infection, requires rapid development of production methods and strengthening of bacteriophage activities. Bacteriophage adsorption to host cells initiates the process of infection. The rotating magnetic field (RMF) is a promising biotechnological method for process intensification, especially for the intensification of micromixing and mass transfer. This study evaluates the use of RMF to enhance the infection process by influencing bacteriophage adsorption rate. The RMF exposition decreased the t50 and t75 of bacteriophages T4 on Escherichia coli cells and vb_SauM_A phages on Staphylococcus aureus cells. The T4 phage adsorption rate increased from 3.13 × 10−9 mL × min−1 to 1.64 × 10−8 mL × min−1. The adsorption rate of vb_SauM_A phages exposed to RMF increased from 4.94 × 10−9 mL × min−1 to 7.34 × 10−9 mL × min−1. Additionally, the phage T4 zeta potential changed under RMF from −11.1 ± 0.49 mV to −7.66 ± 0.29 for unexposed and RMF-exposed bacteriophages, respectively.
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17
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Comparative Assessment of Bacteriophage and Antibiotic Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031274. [PMID: 35163197 PMCID: PMC8836238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Problems connected with biofilm-related infections and antibiotic resistance necessitate the investigation and development of novel treatment strategies. Given their unique characteristics, one of the most promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics are bacteriophages. In the in vitro and in vivo larva model study, we demonstrate that phages vB_SauM-A, vB_SauM-C, and vB_SauM-D are effective antibiofilm agents. The exposure of biofilm to phages vB_SauM-A and vB_SauM-D led to 2-3 log reductions in the colony-forming unit number in most of the multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains. It was found that phage application reduced the formed biofilms independently of the used titer. Moreover, the study demonstrated that bacteriophages are more efficient in biofilm biomass removal and reduction in staphylococci count when compared to the antibiotics used. The scanning electron microscopy analysis results are in line with colony forming unit (CFU) counting but not entirely consistent with crystal violet (CV) staining. Additionally, phages vB_SauM-A, vB_SauM-C, and vB_SauM-D can significantly increase the survival rate and extend the survival time of Galleria mellonella larvae.
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18
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Jaroszewicz W, Bielańska P, Lubomska D, Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Golec P, Grabowski Ł, Wieczerzak E, Dróżdż W, Gaffke L, Pierzynowska K, Węgrzyn G, Węgrzyn A. Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anticancer Activities of Compounds Produced by Newly Isolated Streptomyces Strains from the Szczelina Chochołowska Cave (Tatra Mountains, Poland). Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101212. [PMID: 34680793 PMCID: PMC8532742 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance of bacteria, fungi and cancer cells to antibiotics and other drugs is recognized as one of the major problems in current medicine. Therefore, a search for new biologically active compounds able to either kill pathogenic cells or inhibit their growth is mandatory. Hard-to-reach habitats appear to be unexplored sources of microorganisms producing previously unknown antibiotics and other molecules revealing potentially therapeutic properties. Caves belong to such habitats, and Actinobacteria are a predominant group of microorganisms occurring there. This group of bacteria are known for production of many antibiotics and other bioactive compounds. Interestingly, it was demonstrated previously that infection with bacteriophages might enhance production of antibiotics by them. Here, we describe a series of newly isolated strains of Actinobacteria that were found in caves from the Tatra Mountains (Poland). Phage induction tests indicated that some of them may bear active prophages able to produce virions upon treatment with mitomycin C or UV irradiation. Among all the examined bacteria, two newly isolated Streptomyces sp. strains were further characterized to demonstrate their ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria (strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus sp., Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (different species and strains from the genus Candida). Moreover, extracts from these Streptomyces strains reduced viability of the breast-cancer cell line T47D. Chemical analyses of these extracts indicated the presence of isomers of dichloranthrabenzoxocinone and 4,10- or 10,12-dichloro-3-O-methylanthrabenzoxocinone, which are putative antimicrobial compounds. Moreover, various previously unknown (unclassified) molecules were also detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, suggesting that tested Streptomyces strains may synthesize a battery of bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. These results indicate that further studies on the newly isolated Actinobacteria might be a promising approach to develop novel antibacterial, antifungal, and/or anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Jaroszewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (W.J.); (P.B.); (D.L.); (W.D.); (L.G.); (K.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Patrycja Bielańska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (W.J.); (P.B.); (D.L.); (W.D.); (L.G.); (K.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Daria Lubomska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (W.J.); (P.B.); (D.L.); (W.D.); (L.G.); (K.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.-K.); (Ł.G.)
| | - Piotr Golec
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Grabowski
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.-K.); (Ł.G.)
| | - Ewa Wieczerzak
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Weronika Dróżdż
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (W.J.); (P.B.); (D.L.); (W.D.); (L.G.); (K.P.); (G.W.)
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.-K.); (Ł.G.)
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (W.J.); (P.B.); (D.L.); (W.D.); (L.G.); (K.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (W.J.); (P.B.); (D.L.); (W.D.); (L.G.); (K.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (W.J.); (P.B.); (D.L.); (W.D.); (L.G.); (K.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Laboratory of Phage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.-K.); (Ł.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-523-6024
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19
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Iszatt JJ, Larcombe AN, Chan HK, Stick SM, Garratt LW, Kicic A. Phage Therapy for Multi-Drug Resistant Respiratory Tract Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091809. [PMID: 34578390 PMCID: PMC8472870 DOI: 10.3390/v13091809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria is recognised today as one of the greatest challenges to public health. As traditional antimicrobials are becoming ineffective and research into new antibiotics is diminishing, a number of alternative treatments for MDR bacteria have been receiving greater attention. Bacteriophage therapies are being revisited and present a promising opportunity to reduce the burden of bacterial infection in this post-antibiotic era. This review focuses on the current evidence supporting bacteriophage therapy against prevalent or emerging multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens in respiratory medicine and the challenges ahead in preclinical data generation. Starting with efforts to improve delivery of bacteriophages to the lung surface, the current developments in animal models for relevant efficacy data on respiratory infections are discussed before finishing with a summary of findings from the select human trials performed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Iszatt
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia; (J.J.I.); (A.N.L.)
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth 6009, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.W.G.)
| | - Alexander N. Larcombe
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia; (J.J.I.); (A.N.L.)
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth 6009, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.W.G.)
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia;
| | - Stephen M. Stick
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth 6009, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.W.G.)
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Luke W. Garratt
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth 6009, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.W.G.)
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia; (J.J.I.); (A.N.L.)
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth 6009, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.W.G.)
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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20
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Kaźmierczak N, Grygorcewicz B, Piechowicz L. Biofilm Formation and Prevalence of Biofilm-Related Genes Among Clinical Strains of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:956-964. [PMID: 33656375 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus strains are responsible for causing a number of diseases. With the emergence of multidrug resistance they constitute a catastrophic threat to medicine. The ability of 65 clinical strains of multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) to form biofilm in vitro was examined in this study and analyzed in relation to SCCmec, spa type, microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs), and ica genes. Results obtained from crystal violet and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assays showed that all MDRSA strains tested form biofilm but, of 65 strains, only 18 strains (28%) were found to form a biofilm with high metabolic activity and a great amount of biomass. The high proportion of MDRSA isolates in our study made no significant difference for ica and MSCRAMMs genes according to biofilm-forming capacity, except for fib, icaA, and cna gene. In addition, this study demonstrated that strains carrying SCCmec type I showed a significantly decreased biofilm viability compared with the strains harboring SCCmec type II and type IV, but SCCmec type could not serve as a good predictor of biofilm formation. However, we found that significantly weaker metabolic activity was detected in the biofilm of isolates with spa type t011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kaźmierczak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lidia Piechowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Characterization of a Novel Bacteriophage Henu2 and Evaluation of the Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Phage-Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020174. [PMID: 33572473 PMCID: PMC7916345 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus phage Henu2 was isolated from a sewage sample collected in Kaifeng, China, in 2017. In this study, Henu2, a linear double-stranded DNA virus, was sequenced and found to be 43,513 bp long with 35% G + C content and 63 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Phage Henu2 belongs to the family Siphoviridae and possesses an isometric head (63 nm in diameter). The latent time and burst size of Henu2 were approximately 20 min and 7.8 plaque forming unit (PFU)/infected cells. The Henu2 maintained infectivity over a wide range of temperature (10–60 °C) and pH values (4–12). Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses indicate that Staphylococcus aureus phage Henu2 should be a new member of the family of Siphoviridae class-II. In this paper, Phage Henu2 alone exhibited weak inhibitory activity on the growth of S. aureus. However, the combination of phage Henu2 and some antibiotics or oxides could effectively inhibit the growth of S. aureus, with a decrease of more than three logs within 24 h in vitro. These results provide useful information that phage Henu2 can be combined with antibiotics to increase the production of phage Henu2 and thus enhance the efficacy of bacterial killing.
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22
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Cao Y, Zhang Y, Lan W, Sun X. Characterization of vB_VpaP_MGD2, a newly isolated bacteriophage with biocontrol potential against multidrug-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:413-426. [PMID: 33389104 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen and is also pathogenic to shrimp. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains, bacteriophages have shown promise as antimicrobial agents that could be used for controlling antibiotic-resistant strains. Here, a V. parahaemolyticus phage, vB_VpaP_MGD2, was isolated from a clam (Meretrix meretrix) and further characterized to evaluate its potential capability for biocontrol. Podophage vB_VpaP_MGD2 had a wide host range and was able to lyse 27 antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains. A one-step growth curve showed that vB_VpaP_MGD2 has a short latent period of 10 min and a large burst size of 244 phages per cell. Phage vB_VpaP_MGD2 was able to tolerate a wide range of temperature (30 °C-50 °C) and pH (pH 3-pH 10). Two multidrug-resistant strains (SH06 and SA411) were suppressed by treatment with phage vB_VpaP_MGD2 at a multiplicity of infection of 100 for 24 h without apparent regrowth of bacterial populations. The frequency of mutations causing bacteriophage resistance was relatively low (3.1 × 10-6). Phage vB_VpaP_MGD2 has a double-stranded DNA with a genome size of 45,105 bp. Among the 48 open reading frames annotated in the genome, no lysogenic genes or virulence genes were detected. Sequence comparisons suggested that vB_VpaP_MGD2 is a member of a new species in the genus Zindervirus within the subfamily Autographivirinae. This is the first report of a member of the genus Zindervirus that can infect V. parahaemolyticus. These findings suggest that vB_VpaP_MGD2 may be a candidate biocontrol agent against early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (EMS/AHPND) caused by multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Lan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
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23
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24
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Antibiotics Act with vB_AbaP_AGC01 Phage against Acinetobacter baumannii in Human Heat-Inactivated Plasma Blood and Galleria mellonella Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124390. [PMID: 32575645 PMCID: PMC7352404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing multidrug resistance has led to renewed interest in phage-based therapy. A combination of the bacteriophages and antibiotics presents a promising approach enhancing the phage therapy effectiveness. First, phage candidates for therapy should be deeply characterized. Here we characterize the bacteriophage vB_AbaP_AGC01 that poses antibacterial activity against clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Moreover, besides genomic and phenotypic analysis our study aims to analyze phage–antibiotic combination effectiveness with the use of ex vivo and in vivo models. The phage AGC01 efficiently adsorbs to A. baumannii cells and possesses a bacteriolytic lifecycle resulting in high production of progeny phages (317 ± 20 PFU × cell−1). The broad host range (50.27%, 93 out of 185 strains) against A. baumannii isolates and the inability of AGC01 to infect other bacterial species show its high specificity. Genomic analysis revealed a high similarity of the AGC01 genome sequence with that of the Friunavirus genus from a subfamily of Autographivirinae. The AGC01 is able to significantly reduce the A. baumannii cell count in a human heat-inactivated plasma blood model (HIP-B), both alone and in combination with antibiotics (gentamicin (GEN), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and meropenem (MER)). The synergistic action was observed when a combination of phage treatment with CIP or MER was used. The antimicrobial activity of AGC01 and phage-antibiotic combinations was confirmed using an in vivo larva model. This study shows the greatest increase in survival of G. mellonella larvae when the combination of phage (MOI = 1) and MER was used, which increased larval survival from 35% to 77%. Hence, AGC01 represents a novel candidate for phage therapy. Additionally, our study suggests that phages and antibiotics can act synergistically for greater antimicrobial effect when used as combination therapy.
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Grygorcewicz B, Wojciuk B, Roszak M, Łubowska N, Błażejczak P, Jursa-Kulesza J, Rakoczy R, Masiuk H, Dołęgowska B. Environmental Phage-Based Cocktail and Antibiotic Combination Effects on Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm in a Human Urine Model. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:25-35. [PMID: 32543337 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections poses a catastrophic threat to medicine. The development of phage-based therapy combined with antibiotics might be an advantageous weapon in the arms race between human and MDR bacteria. A cocktail composed of the MDR Acinetobacter baumannii infecting bacteriophages with high lytic activity was used in combination with antibiotics to destroy a bacterial biofilm in human urine. A. baumannii exhibited varying susceptibility to the host range of bacteriophages used in this study, ranging from 56% to 84%. This study demonstrated that bacteriophages could reduce biofilm biomass in a human urine model, and some of the antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) act synergistically with phage cocktails. Additionally, the combined treatment showed a significantly greater reduction of biofilm biomass and clearance of persister cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wojciuk
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Roszak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Łubowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Błażejczak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Jursa-Kulesza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Rakoczy
- Department of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection Processes, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Helena Masiuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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26
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Peng Q, Fang M, Liu X, Zhang C, Liu Y, Yuan Y. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Phage for Controlling Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040542. [PMID: 32283667 PMCID: PMC7232175 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens has severely threatened global health. A phage with the ability to efficiently and specifically lyse bacteria is considered an alternative for controlling multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. The discovery of novel agents for controlling the infections caused by K. pneumoniae is urgent due to the broad multidrug-resistance of K. pneumoniae. Only a few phage isolates have been reported to infect multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae. In this study, by using the multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strain as an indicator, a novel phage called vB_KleS-HSE3, which maintains high antibacterial activity and high physical stability, was isolated from hospital sewage. This phage infected one of four tested multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. This phage belongs to the Siphoviridae family and a comparative genomic analysis showed that this phage is part of a novel phage lineage among the Siphoviridae family of phages that infect strains of Klebsiella. Based on its features, the vB_KleS-HSE3 phage has potential for controlling infections caused by multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (Q.P.); (M.F.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Meng Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (Q.P.); (M.F.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xushan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (Q.P.); (M.F.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (Q.P.); (M.F.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yue Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (Q.P.); (M.F.); (X.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yihui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
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27
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Biology and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030383. [PMID: 32182885 PMCID: PMC7143084 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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28
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Lewis R, Clooney AG, Stockdale SR, Buttimer C, Draper LA, Ross RP, Hill C. Isolation of a Novel Jumbo Bacteriophage Effective Against Klebsiella aerogenes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:67. [PMID: 32185177 PMCID: PMC7058600 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing levels of bacterial resistance to many common and last resort antibiotics has increased interest in finding new treatments. The low rate of approval of new antibiotics has led to the search for new and alternative antimicrobial compounds. Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses found in almost every environment. Phage therapy was historically investigated to control bacterial infections and is still in use in Georgia and as a treatment of last resort. Phage therapy is increasingly recognized as an alternative antimicrobial treatment for antibiotic resistant pathogens. A novel lytic Klebsiella aerogenes phage N1M2 was isolated from maize silage. Klebsiella aerogenes, a member of the ESKAPE bacterial pathogens, is an important target for new antimicrobial therapies. Klebsiella aerogenes can form biofilms on medical devices which aids its environmental persistence and for this reason we tested the effect of phage N1M2 against biofilms. Phage N1M2 successfully removed a pre-formed Klebsiella aerogenes biofilm. Biofilm assays were also carried out with Staphylococcus aureus and Phage K. Phage K successfully removed a preformed Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Phage N1M2 and Phage K in combination were significantly better at removing a mixed community biofilm of Klebsiella aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus than either phage alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Lewis
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adam G Clooney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stephen R Stockdale
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Buttimer
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorraine A Draper
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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