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O'Leary F, Coffey N, Burke FM, Roberts A, Plant B, Hayes M. Caries experience of people with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review. J Dent 2024; 150:105328. [PMID: 39197529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cystic Fibrosis is a multi-system disease, arising from a mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). There is a lack of information regarding oral disease levels among people with cystic fibrosis. As part of an ongoing study assessing oral health in adults with cystic fibrosis at Cork University Dental School & Hospital, a systematic review of available literature was conducted to ascertain the caries experience of people with cystic fibrosis. The objective was to systematically present and evaluate the literature comparing caries experience between people with cystic fibrosis and people without cystic fibrosis. METHODS Five online databases were searched; Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Medline Ebsco and Cochrane Library. Studies that reported caries experience in people with cystic fibrosis were included in this review. RESULTS The initial search identified 1199 publications from online databases. Twenty-one studies were included for qualitative analysis. Fourteen studies reported a lower caries experience in children with CF compared to children without CF, five studies reported a higher caries experience in adults with CF, and two studies found inconclusive evidence regarding the association between caries experience and CF status. All studies had a risk of bias that may influence results. CONCLUSION Despite a lack of complete unanimity between all studies, there is a general trend that children with cystic fibrosis have a lower caries experience than their healthy counterparts, whereas adults with cystic fibrosis have a higher caries experience. The review highlights the need for further studies involving adults with cystic fibrosis as the majority of studies primarily consist of paediatric populations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental practitioners should be aware that adults with cystic fibrosis have higher caries experience. Tailored approaches to dental care specific to cystic fibrosis individuals should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona O'Leary
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Niamh Coffey
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Francis M Burke
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Anthony Roberts
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Barry Plant
- Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
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Abreu de Moraes D, Negrini Lia É, Jácome LMT, de Azevedo Pedrosa Cunha C, de Freitas Velloso Monte L. Oral health in individuals with cystic fibrosis: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25241. [PMID: 38356573 PMCID: PMC10865253 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by the production of thick and viscous mucus progressively affecting various organs and systems, with recurrent respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to learn about the oral health characteristics in CF patients. METHODOLOGY Data, such as sociodemographic, general and oral health, were collected from the medical records of CF patients aged 0 to 18 years old. The number of patients with tooth decay, prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE), classification of dental occlusion, sialometry, salivary pH and oral microbial profile and respiratory secretions evaluations were recorded. RESULTS Most patients had pancreatic insufficiency (84.2%), malnutrition (60%), respiratory problems (75.4%) and genotyping of the F508del (66.7%). Regarding the medications used, 96.5% used vitamins and electrolyte replacement, 84,02% used pancreatic enzymes, 64.9% used dornase alfa and 47% were using antibiotics. The percentage of patients with tooth decay was 19.3%, 47% had DDE, low salivary flow and basic salivary pH. The most prevalent microorganisms found on tongue biofilm and respiratory secretions were SA and PA. There was a positive association between the presence of bacteria and fungi found on both the tongue and respiratory secretions. The presence of fungi on the tongue biofilm was significantly associated with the use of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the importance of dentists focusing on prevention and on the specific needs of the patient as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Abreu de Moraes
- Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal, Quadra SEPS 704/904, Asa Sul, 70390-045 Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Sydor MJ, Serban MA. The Application of Fluorescence Anisotropy for Viscosity Measurements of Small Volume Biological Analytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL ANALYSES 2023; 1:86-96. [PMID: 38633433 PMCID: PMC11022525 DOI: 10.3390/jeta1020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy has been extensively used to detect changes in bimolecular rotation associated with viscosity levels within cells and other solutions. Physiological alterations of the viscosity of biological fluids have been associated with numerous pathological causes. This current work serves as proof of concept for a method to measure viscosity changes in small analyte volumes representative of biological fluids. The fluorophores used in this study were fluorescein disodium salt and Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP). To assess the ability of the method to accurately detect viscosity values in small volume samples, we conducted measurements with 12 μL and 100 μL samples. No statistically significant changes in determined viscosities were recorded as a function of sample volume for either fluorescent probe. The anisotropy of both fluorescence probes was measured in low viscosity standards ranging from 1.02 to 1.31 cP, representative of physiological fluid values, and showed increasing rotational correlation times in response to increasing viscosity. We also showed that smaller fluid volumes can be diluted to accommodate available cuvette volume requirements without a loss in the accuracy of detecting discrete viscosity variations. Moreover, the ability of this technique to detect subtle viscosity changes in complex fluids similar to physiological ones was assessed by using fetal bovine serum (FBS) containing samples. The presence of FBS in the analytes did not alter the viscosity specific rotational correlation time of EGFP, indicating that this probe does not interact with the tested analyte components and is able to accurately reflect sample viscosity. We also showed that freeze-thaw cycles, reflective of the temperature-dependent processes that biological samples of interest could undergo from the time of collection to analyses, did not impact the viscosity measurements' accuracy. Overall, our data highlight the feasibility of using time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy for precise viscosity measurements in biological samples. This finding is relevant as it could potentially expand the use of this technique for in vitro diagnostic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Sydor
- BioSpectroscopy Core, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Monica A. Serban
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Montana Biotechnology Center (BIOTECH), University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Oral Prevalence of Akkermansia muciniphila Differs among Pediatric and Adult Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010112. [PMID: 36677404 PMCID: PMC9861072 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila (AM) is one of many highly abundant intestinal microbes that influences homeostasis and metabolic disorders and may also play a role in oral disorders. However, there is little evidence regarding the oral prevalence of this organism. Based upon this lack of evidence, the primary goal of this project is to survey an existing saliva repository to determine the overall prevalence of this organism and any associations with demographic or patient characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, race/ethnicity, orthodontic therapy). Using an approved protocol,, a total n = 141 pediatric samples from an existing saliva repository were screened using qPCR revealing 29.8% harbored AM with nearly equal distribution among males and females, p = 0.8347. Significantly higher percentages of pediatric, non-orthodontic patients were positive for AM (42.3%) compared with age-matched orthodontic patients (14.3%)-which were equally distributed among non-orthodontic males (42.1%) and non-orthodontic females (42.5%). In addition, analysis of the adult samples revealed that nearly equal percentages of males (18.2%) and females (16.7%) harbored detectable levels of salivary AM, p = 0.2035. However, a higher proportion of non-orthodontic adult samples harbored AM (21.3%) compared to orthodontic samples (12.8%, p = 0.0001), which was equally distributed among males and females. These results suggest that both age and the presence of orthodontic brackets may influence microbial composition and, more specifically, are associated with reduction in AM among both pediatric and adult populations from their baseline levels.
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Ozsin-Ozler C, Duruel O, Pinar A, Özbek B, Yaz İ, Ataman-Duruel ET, Uzamis-Tekcicek M, Gunes-Yalcın E, Dogru-Ersoz D, Kiper N, Tezcan İ, Berker E. Dental caries and associated salivary biomarkers in patients with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2839-2846. [PMID: 36097860 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the caries status of the Cystic fibrosis (CF) children and adolescents with the comparation of some biochemical markers, secretory-immunoglobulin-A (sIgA), and antimicrobial peptides in the saliva. METHODS In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the approval Ethics Board was obtained. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from CF and healthy control children (non-CF) patients. Both groups underwent the same dental and periodontal evaluation scheme of the assessment. Human beta defensin (HBD1), human alpha defensin (HNP-1), cathelicidin (LL-37), sIgA in saliva were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunoassay method. A general biochemical analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was performed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 20.0 (SPSS Inc.). RESULTS A total of 21 (9 male, 12 female) CF and 23 (11 male, 12 female) control patients were participated with the mean age of 10.17 ± 3.38 and 9.52 ± 2.15 years, respectively. In control children, DMFT/S (decayed-missing-filled-tooth/surface-in-permanent-dentition), dmft/s (decayed-missing-filled-tooth/surface-in-primary-dentition) values were higher; DT (decayed-tooth in permanent dentition), ft (filled-tooth in primary dentition) and plaque index values were statistically significantly higher (p = 0.042, p = 0.005, p = 0.038, respectively) than CF patients. Bicarbonate was higher in control group; sodium, chloride, and total protein were higher in CF group; magnesium, calcium and phosphate levels were similar in each group (p > 0.05). Alpha and beta defensin-1 levels in control group was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.037 and p = 0.020, respectively), while LL37 and sIgA were not statistically significantly higher (p > 0.05) than CF group. CONCLUSIONS Children with CF had lower caries in permanent teeth, filling in primary teeth, and an altered salivary biomarker profile, especially in HNB1, HNP1. Therefore, it is important to conduct periodic oral-dental controls among CF patients during their childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Ozsin-Ozler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onurcem Duruel
- Department of Periodontology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Pinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begüm Özbek
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Yaz
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Meryem Uzamis-Tekcicek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Gunes-Yalcın
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Dogru-Ersoz
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nural Kiper
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlhan Tezcan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezel Berker
- Department of Periodontology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Borysewicz-Lewicka M, Batura-Gabryel H, Cofta S. Oral Care Recommendation for Cystic Fibrosis Patients-Recommendation for Dentists. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2756. [PMID: 35628882 PMCID: PMC9146407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that is caused by a defect in the gene coding for the transmembrane cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Research papers published so far point out that despite the numerous dental treatment needs of CF patients, there are no oral care guidelines for this group of patients. The aim of the article is to propose standards of dental prophylactic and therapeutic procedures for CF patients in different age groups. Regardless of the CF patient's age, dental check-ups should be scheduled at least every 6 months. However, taking into account the actual condition of the individual CF patients, therapeutic visits may be scheduled for earlier dates, to provide well-fitting treatment, considering the level of risk of oral diseases. The described management standards may be helpful and may improve the quality of dental care provided to CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Maria Borysewicz-Lewicka
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Halina Batura-Gabryel
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (H.B.-G.); (S.C.)
| | - Szczepan Cofta
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (H.B.-G.); (S.C.)
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Effect of Dextranase and Dextranase-and-Nisin-Containing Mouthwashes on Oral Microbial Community of Healthy Adults—A Pilot Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the alteration of oral microbial composition in healthy subjects after using dextranase-containing mouthwash (DMW; Mouthwash formulation I) and dextranase-and-nisin-containing mouthwash (DNMW; Mouthwash formulation II). Eighteen participants were recruited and were randomly allocated to two groups: G1 (DMW user; n = 8) and G2 (DNMW user; n = 10). The subjects were instructed to use the provided mouthwash regularly twice a day for 30 days. The bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PBD), and gingival index (GI) were analyzed, and saliva samples were collected before (day 0) and after (day 30) the use of mouthwashes. The saliva metagenomic DNA was extracted and sequenced (next-generation sequencing, Miseq paired-end Illumina 2 × 250 bp platform). The oral microbial community in the pre-and post-treated samples were annotated using QIIME 2™. The results showed the PI and PBD values were significantly reduced in G2 samples. The BOP and GI values of both groups were not significantly altered. The post-treated samples of both groups yielded a reduced amount of microbial DNA. The computed phylogenetic diversity, species richness, and evenness were reduced significantly in the post-treated samples of G2 compared to the post-treated G1 samples. The mouthwash formulations also supported some pathogens’ growth, which indicated that formulations required further improvement. The study needs further experiments to conclude the results. The study suggested that the improved DNMW could be an adjuvant product to improve oral hygiene.
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Cui Y, Yang M, Zhu J, Zhang H, Duan Z, Wang S, Liao Z, Liu W. Developments in diagnostic applications of saliva in Human Organ Diseases. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Sharma R, Geranpayehvaghei M, Ejeian F, Razmjou A, Asadnia M. Recent advances in polymeric nanostructured ion selective membranes for biomedical applications. Talanta 2021; 235:122815. [PMID: 34517671 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nano structured ion-selective membranes (ISMs) are very attractive materials for a wide range of sensing and ion separation applications. The present review focuses on the design principles of various ISMs; nanostructured and ionophore/ion acceptor doped ISMs, and their use in biomedical engineering. Applications of ISMs in the biomedical field have been well-known for more than half a century in potentiometric analysis of biological fluids and pharmaceutical products. However, the emergence of nanotechnology and sophisticated sensing methods assisted in miniaturising ion-selective electrodes to needle-like sensors that can be designed in the form of implantable or wearable devices (smartwatch, tattoo, sweatband, fabric patch) for health monitoring. This article provides a critical review of recent advances in miniaturization, sensing and construction of new devices over last decade (2011-2021). The designing of tunable ISM with biomimetic artificial ion channels offered intensive opportunities and innovative clinical analysis applications, including precise biosensing, controlled drug delivery and early disease diagnosis. This paper will also address the future perspective on potential applications and challenges in the widespread use of ISM for clinical use. Finally, this review details some recommendations and future directions to improve the accuracy and robustness of ISMs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Sharma
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Marzieh Geranpayehvaghei
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 73441-81746, Iran
| | - Amir Razmjou
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 73441-81746, Iran; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; UNESCO Center for Membrane Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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Willis JR, Saus E, Iraola-Guzmán S, Cabello-Yeves E, Ksiezopolska E, Cozzuto L, Bejarano LA, Andreu-Somavilla N, Alloza-Trabado M, Blanco A, Puig-Sola A, Broglio E, Carolis C, Ponomarenko J, Hecht J, Gabaldón T. Citizen-science based study of the oral microbiome in Cystic fibrosis and matched controls reveals major differences in diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal species. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1897328. [PMID: 34104346 PMCID: PMC8143623 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1897328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal genetic disease, associated with the production of excessively thick mucosa and with life-threatening chronic lung infections. The microbiota of the oral cavity can act as a reservoir or as a barrier for infectious microorganisms that can colonize the lungs. However, the specific composition of the oral microbiome in CF is poorly understood.Methods: In collaboration with CF associations in Spain, we collected oral rinse samples from 31 CF persons (age range 7-47) and matched controls, and then performed 16S rRNA metabarcoding and high-throughput sequencing, combined with culture and proteomics-based identification of fungi to survey the bacterial and fungal oral microbiome.Results: We found that CF is associated with less diverse oral microbiomes, which were characterized by higher prevalence of Candida albicans and differential abundances of a number of bacterial taxa that have implications in both the connection to lung infections in CF, as well as potential oral health concerns, particularly periodontitis and dental caries.Conclusion: Overall, our study provides a first global snapshot of the oral microbiome in CF. Future studies are required to establish the relationships between the composition of the oral and lung microbiomes in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R Willis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Saus
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Iraola-Guzmán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Cabello-Yeves
- Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ewa Ksiezopolska
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis A Bejarano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Andreu-Somavilla
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Alloza-Trabado
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puig-Sola
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Broglio
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jochen Hecht
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Life Sciences Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS) Jordi Girona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Minkiewicz-Zochniak A, Jarzynka S, Iwańska A, Strom K, Iwańczyk B, Bartel M, Mazur M, Pietruczuk-Padzik A, Konieczna M, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Olędzka G. Biofilm Formation on Dental Implant Biomaterials by Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2030. [PMID: 33920743 PMCID: PMC8073800 DOI: 10.3390/ma14082030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Implants made of ceramic and metallic elements, which are used in dentistry, may either promote or hinder the colonization and adhesion of bacteria to the surface of the biomaterial to varying degrees. The increased interest in the use of dental implants, especially in patients with chronic systemic diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), is caused by an increase in disease complications. In this study, we evaluated the differences in the in vitro biofilm formation on the surface of biomaterials commonly used in dentistry (Ti-6Al-4V, cobalt-chromium alloy (CoCr), and zirconia) by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with CF. We demonstrated that S. aureus adherence and growth depends on the type of material used and its surface topography. Weaker bacterial biofilm formation was observed on zirconia surfaces compared to titanium and cobalt-chromium alloy surfaces. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy showed clear differences in bacterial aggregation, depending on the type of biomaterial used. Over the past several decades, S. aureus strains have developed several mechanisms of resistance, especially in patients on chronic antibiotic treatment such as CF. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate implant biomaterial with limited microorganism adhesion characteristics can affect the occurrence and progression of oral cavity infections, particularly in patients with chronic systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Minkiewicz-Zochniak
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.-Z.); (S.J.); (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Sylwia Jarzynka
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.-Z.); (S.J.); (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Iwańska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.I.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Kamila Strom
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.-Z.); (S.J.); (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Bartłomiej Iwańczyk
- The Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Bartel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maciej Mazur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Pietruczuk-Padzik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Konieczna
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.-Z.); (S.J.); (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.I.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Gabriela Olędzka
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.-Z.); (S.J.); (K.S.); (M.K.)
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Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Borysewicz-Lewicka M. Dental bacterial biofilm and gingival status
in cystic fibrosis adult patients. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.7699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the study conducted on cystic fibrosis (CF) patients was the bacterial plaque
accumulation and the gingival condition assessment, and microbial analysis of the subgingival
biofilm.
Materials/Methods: The study included 22 CF adult patients and 22 healthy controls, sex and age compatible with
the CF patients. The dental plaque was assessed using plaque index (PLI), and the gingival
status using gingival index (GI). Analyses of the subgingival biofilm were performed by the
real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test.
Results: The mean value of GI in CF patients was 0.39 ±0.36 and was significantly lower comparing
to the healthy controls (1.02 ±0.63), PLI was similar in both the groups (1.31 ±0.69) for the
study group and 1.04 ±0.62 for controls). In CF patients there was no correlation between PLI
and GI, which was observed in the control group. In both the groups there was a correlation
between PLI and the total number of periopathogens. Furthermore, in the control group, there
was a correlation between GI and the number of periopathogens. Such a correlation was not
observed in the CF patients.
Conclusions: In patients with CF, the lack of correlation between the amount of tooth deposits and the
gingival condition may indicate a stable, most likely pharmacologically conditioned oral biofilm
ecology. Among the aetiological factors of gingivitis and periodontitis in patients with CF, the
bacterial activity does not seem to be modified. However, the unsatisfactory oral hygiene found
in the study participants does not exclude the possibility of disease development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Borysewicz-Lewicka
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Quade BN, Parker MD, Occhipinti R. The therapeutic importance of acid-base balance. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 183:114278. [PMID: 33039418 PMCID: PMC7544731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Baking soda and vinegar have been used as home remedies for generations and today we are only a mouse-click away from claims that baking soda, lemon juice, and apple cider vinegar are miracles cures for everything from cancer to COVID-19. Despite these specious claims, the therapeutic value of controlling acid-base balance is indisputable and is the basis of Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for constipation, epilepsy, metabolic acidosis, and peptic ulcers. In this narrative review, we present evidence in support of the current and potential therapeutic value of countering local and systemic acid-base imbalances, several of which do in fact involve the administration of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). Furthermore, we discuss the side effects of pharmaceuticals on acid-base balance as well as the influence of acid-base status on the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Our review considers all major organ systems as well as information relevant to several clinical specialties such as anesthesiology, infectious disease, oncology, dentistry, and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca N Quade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The State University of New York, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Mark D Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The State University of New York, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; State University of New York Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rossana Occhipinti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Efficacy of Sea Salt-Based Mouthwash and Xylitol in Improving Oral Hygiene among Adolescent Population: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010044. [PMID: 33374694 PMCID: PMC7793524 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community has definitely demonstrated the importance of the use of mouthwash in daily oral hygiene. In our pilot study, we tested the effectiveness of a novel mouth rinse containing sea salt, xylitol, and lysozyme. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) growth, and plaque index in adolescent patients aged 14-17 years, were observed. The bacterial load was investigated by in vitro microbiological analysis; the plaque index was assessed through the O'Leary's Plaque Control Record (PCR). The study has shown that the use of a sea salt-based mouthwash in daily oral hygiene reduces the bacterial levels of S. mutans (p < 0.01) linked to the combined action of xylitol and lysozyme, together with the action of sea salt. Our preliminary data confirm and improve the main results reported in the scientific literature on the importance of the use of xylitol, lysozyme, and sea salt in oral health.
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Effect of Mucosal Brushing on the Serum Levels of C-Reactive Protein for Patients Hospitalized with Acute Symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56100549. [PMID: 33086612 PMCID: PMC7603140 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was based in a hospital setting. Patients with acute symptoms face a life-threatening crisis and often have systemic complications during the convalescence stage. During the acute stage, oral function does not work and oral hygiene status deteriorates. A gauze or sponge brush is generally used to wipe the oral cavity; however, this process does not clean the oral cavity enough. Effective oral care requires better methods. Patients participating in this study were all hospitalized by ambulance and with acute symptoms. During the convalescence stage, patients were assigned application of mucosal brushing or wiping by gauze or sponge brush by order of hospitalization. The effects were evaluated by the number of bacteria on the tongue surface, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and body temperature. Changes in bacterial count, body temperature, and CRP were effectively reduced in the mucosal brushing group compared to the wiping by gauze or sponge brush group. Based on mixed effect modeling, the coefficient of mucosal brushing for CRP was −2.296 and for body temperature was −0.067 and statistically significant. This simple method can effectively prevent systemic complication of inpatients with deteriorated oral conditions. This method may also be effective for the elderly in nursing homes or perioperative oral-care management.
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Na HS, Kim SY, Han H, Kim HJ, Lee JY, Lee JH, Chung J. Identification of Potential Oral Microbial Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Periodontitis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1549. [PMID: 32443919 PMCID: PMC7290295 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic and multifactorial inflammatory disease that can lead to tooth loss. At present, the diagnosis for periodontitis is primarily based on clinical examination and radiographic parameters. Detecting the periodontal pathogens at the subgingival plaque requires skilled professionals to collect samples. Periodontal pathogens are also detected on various mucous membranes in patients with periodontitis. In this study, we characterized the oral microbiome profiles from buccal mucosa and supragingival space in a total of 272 healthy subjects as a control group, and periodontitis patients as a disease group. We identified 13 phyla, 193 genera, and 527 species and determined periodontitis-associated taxa. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticolar, Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Fretibacterium fastiosum and Peptostreptococcus species were significantly increased in both the buccal mucosa and the supragingival space in periodontitis patients. The identified eight periodontitis-associated bacterial species were clinically validated in an independent cohort. We generated the prediction model based on the oral microbiome profiles using five machine learning algorithms, and validated its capability in predicting the status of patients with periodontitis. The results showed that the oral microbiome profiles from buccal mucosa and supragingival space can represent the microbial composition of subgingival plaque and further be utilized to identify potential microbial biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontitis. Besides, bacterial community interaction network analysis found distinct patterns associated with dysbiosis in periodontitis. In summary, we have identified oral bacterial species from buccal and supragingival sites which can predict subgingival bacterial composition and can be used for early diagnosis of periodontitis. Therefore, our study provides an important basis for developing easy and noninvasive methods to diagnose and monitor periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea; (H.S.N.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Oral Genomics Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea
| | - Si Yeong Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea; (H.S.N.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Oral Genomics Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea
| | - Hyejung Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea; (H.S.N.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Oral Genomics Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea
| | - Ju-Youn Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea; (H.S.N.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Oral Genomics Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Korea
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