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John FA, Gaghan C, Liu J, Wolfenden R, Kulkarni RR. Screening and selection of eubiotic compounds possessing immunomodulatory and anti-Clostridium perfringens properties. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103911. [PMID: 38909503 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eubiotics are water and/or feed additives used in poultry to promote gut health and control enteric burden of pathogens, including Clostridium perfringens. While several eubiotic compounds (ECs) are being introduced commercially, it is essential to devise an in vitro model to screen these compounds to assess their immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties prior to their testing in vivo. A chicken macrophage cell-line (MQ-NCSU) was used to develop an in vitro model to screen the immunological and anti-C. perfringens properties of 10 ECs: monobutyrin, monolaurin, calcium butyrate, tributyrin, carvacrol, curcumin, green tea extract, rosemary extract, monomyristate, and tartaric acid. An optimal concentration for each EC was selected by measuring the effect on viability of MQ-NCSU cells. Cells were then treated with ECs for 6, 12, and 24 h. and expression of interferon-gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and cluster of differentiation (CD40) genes, as well as major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II protein were evaluated. At 6 h post-stimulation, monobutyrin, calcium butyrate, and green tea extract treatments induced a significant downregulation of IFNγ, IL-6, or IL-1β gene transcription and MHC-II expression, while the IL-10 or TGFβ gene expression in these treatments as well as those receiving rosemary extract and tartaric acid was significantly upregulated, when compared to control, suggesting immunomodulatory properties of these ECs. Finally, pretreatment of macrophages with these selected 5 ECs for 24 h followed by C. perfringens infection showed that monobutyrin, green tea extract, rosemary extract, and calcium butyrate treatments can inhibit bacterial growth significantly at 12 and/or 24 h post-infection, when compared to the control. Collectively, our findings show that ECs possessing immunomodulatory and anti-C. perfringens properties can be selected using an in vitro avian macrophage cell-based model so that such ECs can further be tested in vivo for their disease prevention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feba Ann John
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Carissa Gaghan
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jundi Liu
- Animal Nutrition BU, Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN, USA
| | - Ross Wolfenden
- Animal Nutrition BU, Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN, USA
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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2
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Tompkins YH, Choppa VSR, Kim WK. n-3 enriched Fish oil diet enhanced intestinal barrier integrity in broilers after Eimeria infection. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103660. [PMID: 38552568 PMCID: PMC11000185 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. results in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-enriched fish oil on growth performance, intestinal barrier integrity, and intestinal immune response of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. A total of 576 fourteen-day-old broilers were randomly assigned in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising 2 diets supplemented with either 5% fish oil or 5% soybean oil, and 3 Eimeria spp. infection levels: a nonchallenge control, a low dose of Eimeria challenge, and a high challenge dose. The results of the study revealed significant interactions between diet and Eimeria challenge to parameters of gut barrier integrity and feed intake. A significant interaction was observed in feed intake between 5 and 8 d postinfection (DPI), where the fish oil groups exhibited a higher amount of feed intake compared to the soybean oil diet groups after coccidiosis infection. The effects of the fish oil diet resulted in enhanced gut barrier integrity, as evidenced by a trend of decreased gastrointestinal leakage and a lower mean of small intestine lesion scores after Eimeria challenge. Additionally, significant interactions were noted between Eimeria spp. challenge and diet regarding jejunal crypt depth. The positive impact of the fish oil diet was particularly noticeable with the high Eimeria challenge dose. Overall, these findings underscore the relationship between the fish oil diet and Eimeria challenge on broiler chicken intestinal health. Dietary supplementation of fish oil has the potential to maintain small intestine barrier integrity with severe Eimeria infection conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Hou Tompkins
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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3
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Zhou L, Abouelezz K, Momenah MA, Bajaber MA, Baazaoui N, Taha TF, Awad AE, Alamoudi SA, Beyari EA, Alanazi YF, Allohibi A, Saad AM. Dietary Paenibacillus polymyxa AM20 as a new probiotic: Improving effects on IR broiler growth performance, hepatosomatic index, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, immune response, antioxidant parameters, and caecal microorganisms. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103239. [PMID: 38035472 PMCID: PMC10698673 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for a natural antimicrobial agent is ongoing and critical because of the rise and rapid proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. The current study aims to examine the effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa AM20 as an alternative antibiotic and feed additive on Indian river broiler performance, digestive enzymes, thyroid hormones, lipid profile, hepatosomatic index, immunological response, gut bacteria, and antioxidant parameters. The bacterial isolate AM20 was identified at the gene level by isolating DNA and using PCR to detect genes. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the bacterial isolate was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa. One hundred twenty Indian river broilers (1-day old) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 chicks each, with 3 replicates. The control group was fed a basal diet only, while the other 3 were administered control diets supplemented with P. polymyxa at 3 concentrations: 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/kg. The findings revealed that all groups that received graded amounts of P. polymyxa increased all growth parameters throughout the study. P. polymyxa treatment at 1.5 mg/kg increased body gain by 9% compared to the control due to increased feed intake (P = 0.0001), growth rate (P = 0.0001), and decreased feed conversion ratio. Compared to the control group, P. polymyxa (1.5 mg/kg) enhanced kidney functions in chickens by reducing uric acid and creatinine levels (P = 0.0451). Compared to the control group, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels in the liver were significantly reduced at all P. polymyxa doses. Liver function values were highest for P. polymyxa at 1.5 mg/kg. Compared to the control group, those whose diets included P. polymyxa had significantly better blood cholesterol levels, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, immunological response, thyroid function, and gut microbiota. In general, broiler chickens' economic efficiency was improved by including P. polymyxa in their diet, which also improved their growth performance, carcass dressing, specific blood biochemical levels and enzymes, and the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luli Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Khaled Abouelezz
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Maha Abdullah Momenah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed A Bajaber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha F Taha
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Awad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Soha A Alamoudi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Beyari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmene F Alanazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aminah Allohibi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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Duangnumsawang Y, Zentek J, Vahjen W, Tarradas J, Boroojeni FG. Impact of feed additives and host-related factors on bacterial metabolites, mucosal integrity and immune response in the ileum of broilers. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1861-1878. [PMID: 37160636 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of age, breed, and sex of broilers, as well as a probiotic or phytobiotic product on mucosal morphology, bacterial metabolites, and immune traits in the ileum of broilers. A total of 2,880 one-day-old male and female broiler chicks from two breeds (Ross308® and Cobb500®) were randomly assigned to 72 pens. Broilers were offered a wheat-soybean diet without (CO), or with either a probiotic (PO; 2.4 × 109 CFU/kg of Bacillus subtilis DSM32324 and DSM32325 and B. amyloliquefaciens DSM25840) or a phytobiotic (PY; grape extract, 165 ppm procyanidin and 585 ppm polyphenols of the diet) product. The trial was conducted with a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of diet, breed, and sex in a completely randomized design (6 replicate-pens per treatment). At day 7, 21, and 35, one chicken per pen was slaughtered for collecting ileal tissue to evaluate of histomorphology and mRNA expression, as well as ileal digesta to measure bacterial metabolites. Data were subjected to ANOVA (the main factors; age, diet, breed, and sex) and Four-Way ANOVA (interactions) using GLM procedure. Overall, the concentration of acetate and total short chain fatty acids reached the peak and lactate decreased to its lowest on day 21, but their concentrations at day 7 and 35 were similar (p > 0.05). Spermine, spermidine, and ammonia decreased after day 7, while putrescine and cadaverine increased after day 21 (p < 0.05). mRNA expression of cytokines, mucin 2 (MUC2) and claudin 5 (CLDN5) was similar; increased from day 7 to 21 and decreased afterward (p < 0.05). Villus height, crypt depth and villus surface area increased with age (p < 0.05). Acidic goblet cells (GC) number and density increased after day 21 (p < 0.05). Ross broilers showed higher D-lactate concentration and IFN-γ expression, while Cobb broilers had greater IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α expression and higher total GC number (p < 0.05). Female displayed higher villus height and GC number and density (mixed and total GC) than male (p < 0.05). The effect of dietary treatment was not found on any investigated variables (p > 0.05). In conclusion, aging of broilers affected ileal histomorphology, cytokine expression, and barrier integrity, as well as bacterial activity. These observed impacts could be attributed to host-microbiota interaction and the direct effects of bacterial metabolites on intestinal cells and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yada Duangnumsawang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilfried Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joan Tarradas
- ‡Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology IRTA, Constantí, Spain
| | - Farshad Goodarzi Boroojeni
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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de Souza BMS, Guerra LHA, Varallo GR, Taboga SR, Penna ALB. The Impact in Intestines and Microbiota in BALB/c Mice Through Consumption of Milk Fermented by Potentially Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei SJRP38 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum SJRP43. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10158-3. [PMID: 37796426 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lacticaseibacillus (Lc.) casei SJRP38 and Limosilactobacillus (Lm.) fermentum SJRP43 on bacterial translocation, stool analysis, and intestinal morphology of healthy BALB/c mice. Potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria, Lc. casei SJRP38, and Lm. fermentum SJRP43 were evaluated and analyzed for translocation, fecal analysis, and intestinal morphology of four groups of mice: water control (WC), milk control (MC), milk fermented by Lc. casei SJRP38 (FMLC), and milk fermented by Lm. fermentum SJRP43 (FMLF), in co-culture with Streptococcus thermophilus ST080. The results of the animal assay indicate that the population of Lactobacilli and Bidobacterium sp. in the gastrointestinal tract of BALB/c mice was greater than 6.0 log10 CFU/g, and there was no evidence of bacteremia due to the low incidence of bacterial translocation. Ingesting fermented milk containing Lc. casei SJRP38 and Lm. fermentum SJRP43 was found to promote a healthier microbiota, as it led to a reduction in Clostridium sp. and an increase in Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium sp. in feces. Furthermore, the dairy treatments (MC, FMLC, and FMLF) resulted in taller intestinal villi and an increase in the frequency of goblet cells in the intestines. Overall, the consumption of fermented milk containing Lc. casei SJRP38 and Lm. fermentum SJRP43 strains was deemed safe and demonstrated beneficial effects on the intestines of BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Maria Salotti de Souza
- Department of Technology and Inspection of Products of Animal Origin, UFMG - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Languages and Exact Sciences, UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | | | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Languages and Exact Sciences, UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Barretto Penna
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Biosciences, Languages and Exact Sciences, UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
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García-Reyna A, Cortes-Cuevas A, Juárez-Ramírez M, Márquez-Mota CC, Gómez-Verduzco G, Arce-Menocal J, Ávila-González E. Performance, Gut Integrity, Enterobacteria Content in Ceca of Broiler Fed Different Eubiotic Additives. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J Arce-Menocal
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico
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7
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Li X, Wu X, Ma W, Chen W, Zhao F. Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides supplementation on the intestinal morphology, nitrogen metabolism, faecal ammonia release, antioxidant capacity, and immune organ indices of broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenfeng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Tous N, Marcos S, Goodarzi Boroojeni F, Pérez de Rozas A, Zentek J, Estonba A, Sandvang D, Gilbert MTP, Esteve-Garcia E, Finn R, Alberdi A, Tarradas J. Novel strategies to improve chicken performance and welfare by unveiling host-microbiota interactions through hologenomics. Front Physiol 2022; 13:884925. [PMID: 36148301 PMCID: PMC9485813 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.884925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast optimisation of farming practices is essential to meet environmental sustainability challenges. Hologenomics, the joint study of the genomic features of animals and the microbial communities associated with them, opens new avenues to obtain in-depth knowledge on how host-microbiota interactions affect animal performance and welfare, and in doing so, improve the quality and sustainability of animal production. Here, we introduce the animal trials conducted with broiler chickens in the H2020 project HoloFood, and our strategy to implement hologenomic analyses in light of the initial results, which despite yielding negligible effects of tested feed additives, provide relevant information to understand how host genomic features, microbiota development dynamics and host-microbiota interactions shape animal welfare and performance. We report the most relevant results, propose hypotheses to explain the observed patterns, and outline how these questions will be addressed through the generation and analysis of animal-microbiota multi-omic data during the HoloFood project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Tous
- Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Constantí, Spain
| | - Sofia Marcos
- Applied Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Farshad Goodarzi Boroojeni
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Pérez de Rozas
- Animal Health-CReSA, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andone Estonba
- Applied Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dorthe Sandvang
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Animal Health Innovation, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - M. Thomas P. Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Enric Esteve-Garcia
- Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Constantí, Spain
| | - Robert Finn
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Antton Alberdi
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Antton Alberdi,
| | - Joan Tarradas
- Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Constantí, Spain
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Daza-Leon C, Gomez AP, Álvarez-Mira D, Carvajal-Diaz L, Ramirez-Nieto G, Sanchez A, Vargas JI, Betancourt L. Characterization and Evaluation of Colombian Propolis on the Intestinal Integrity of Broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102159. [PMID: 36279608 PMCID: PMC9597123 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional additives such as propolis seek to improve intestinal health as an alternative to the global ban on in-feed antibiotics used as growth promoters (AGP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis supplementation in diet of broilers. Four hundred and fifty straight-run Ross 308 AP broilers were fed with a basal diet (BD) throughout the whole experimental period. Birds were randomly distributed into 5 groups at d 14: negative control without antibiotics nor propolis (AGP-), positive control 500 ppm of Zinc Bacitracin as growth promoter (AGP+), and 3 groups supplemented with 150, 300, and 450 ppm of propolis. Every group included 6 replicates of 15 birds each. Propolis concentration was increased from d 22 to 42, in experimental groups to 300, 600, and 900 ppm of propolis, and 10% of raw soybean was included as a challenge in all groups during the same period. Analysis of productive parameters, intestinal morphometry, and relative quantification of genes associated with epithelial integrity by qPCR were performed at 21 and 42 d. The groups with the greatest weights were those that consumed diets including 150 (21 d) and 900 ppm (42 d) of propolis compared with all treatments. The lowest score of ISI was found at 300 (21 d) and 600 ppm (42 d). A lower degree of injury in digestive system was seen with the inclusion of 300 ppm (21 d) and 900 ppm (42 d). Up-regulation of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was observed in jejunum of broilers supplemented with 150 and 300 ppm at 21 d. Up-regulation of ZO-1 and TGF-β was also evidenced in ileum at all propolis inclusion levels at 42-day-old compared to AGP+ and AGP-. The beneficial effects were evidenced at inclusion levels of 150 ppm in the starter and 900 ppm in the finisher. According to the results, the Colombian propolis inclusion can improve productive performance, physiological parameters, and gene expression associated with intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Daza-Leon
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Arlen P Gomez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
| | - Diana Álvarez-Mira
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Loren Carvajal-Diaz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Compañía Campo Colombia SAS, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Gloria Ramirez-Nieto
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | | | | | - Liliana Betancourt
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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Jankowski J, Tykałowski B, Stępniowska A, Konieczka P, Koncicki A, Matusevičius P, Ognik K. Immune Parameters in Chickens Treated with Antibiotics and Probiotics during Early Life. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091133. [PMID: 35565558 PMCID: PMC9101873 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the administration of antibiotics or probiotics on chickens in their first week of life, on selected parameters of humoral and cellular immunity, and on the bursa of Fabricius and spleen indices. The experiment was carried out on 90 one-day-old male broilers. The control group received no additive in the drinking water; the group GP received a probiotic providing Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; and the group GA received 10% enrofloxacin in the drinking water on the first five days of life. Administration of the antibiotic enrofloxacin or a probiotic containing E. faecium and B. amyloliquefaciens strains to chickens in their first week of life exerts pronounced immunomodulatory effects on humoral and cellular defense mechanisms in these birds. The changes in the subpopulations of B and T cells immediately following early administration of enrofloxacin or the probiotic were not observed at the age of 35 days. Early administration of enrofloxacin can pose a risk of suppression of humoral immunity, as indicated by the significant decrease in the total IgY concentration in the plasma of the chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science and Apiculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Bartłomiej Tykałowski
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Stępniowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Poultry Science and Apiculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrzej Koncicki
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Paulius Matusevičius
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Tilzes 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814456916
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11
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Sarfraz M, Nguyen TTT, Wheler C, Köster W, Gerdts V, Dar A. Characterization of Dosage Levels for In Ovo Administration of Innate Immune Stimulants for Prevention of Yolk Sac Infection in Chicks. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050203. [PMID: 35622731 PMCID: PMC9142911 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune stimulants, especially toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and agonists, are the main players in the initiation of innate immunity and have been widely studied as alternatives to antibiotics to control infection. In the present study, we characterized the dosage levels of various innate immune stimulants, including unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine dinucleotide -containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), cyclic polyphosphazene 75B (CPZ75B), avian beta-defensin 2 (ABD2), and combinations of these reagents given in ovo. Data derived from a series of animal experiments demonstrated that the in ovo administration of 10–50 µg CpG ODN/embryo (on embryonic day 18) is an effective formulation for control of yolk sac infection (YSI) due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) in young chicks. Amongst the different combinations of innate immune stimulants, the in ovo administration of CpG ODN 10 µg in combination with 15 µg of poly I:C was the most effective combination, offering 100% protection from YSI. It is expected that the introduction of these reagents to management practices at the hatchery level may serve as a potential replacement for antibiotics for the reduction of early chick mortality (ECM) due to YSI/colibacillosis.
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Deng S, Hu S, Xue J, Yang K, Zhuo R, Xiao Y, Fang R. Productive Performance, Serum Antioxidant Status, Tissue Selenium Deposition, and Gut Health Analysis of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Selenium and Probiotics-A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091086. [PMID: 35565512 PMCID: PMC9103767 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect and interaction of dietary selenium (Se) and probiotics on three yellow chicken growth performance, tissue Se content, antioxidant capacity, and gut health were studied from 0 to 70 days of age. A total of 400 one-day-old broilers were distributed into four groups (I-Se, O-Se, I-Se + pros, and O-Se + pros groups) consisting of a 2 × 2 factorial design. The main factors were the source of Se (I-Se = inorganic Se: 0.2 mg/kg sodium selenite; O-Se = organic Se: 0.2 mg/kg Selenium yeast) and the level of probiotics (0.5% EM or 0% EM, the component of EM mainly includes Lactobacillus and Yeast at the dose of 2 × 108 cfu/kg and 3 × 107 cfu/kg, respectively). Each treatment had 5 duplicates consisting of 20 broilers. The results showed that the I-Se group had a greater (p < 0.05) ratio of feed: weight gain (F/G) of broilers at Starter (0−35 d) than the other treatments. Compared to the I-Se group, the O-Se group increased (p < 0.05) Se concentrations in the liver, pancreas, breast muscles, thigh muscle, and the activity of total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) in serum, as well as the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Lactobacillus in cecum. Meanwhile, probiotics enhanced (p < 0.05) Se concentrations in the pancreas, thigh muscle, serum, and the activity of T-AOC and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the duodenum’s ratio of villi height to crypt depth (V/C), the jejunum villus height and V/C, and the ileum’s villus height. Furthermore, the significant interactions (p < 0.05) between Se sources and the level of probiotics were observed in Se concentrations in the pancreas, thigh muscle, serum, crypt depth of duodenum, and villus height of jejunum of birds, and Barnesiella abundance in the cecal. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the combination of O-Se + pros can improve broiler early growth performance, tissue Se content in the pancreas, thigh muscle, and serum, promote intestinal development, and regulate the composition of intestinal flora, suggesting a better combination. These findings provide an effective method of nutrient combination addition to improving the performance of three yellow chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengting Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shengjun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junjing Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kaili Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.D.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (K.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence:
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Dietary Supplementation of a New Probiotic Compound Improves the Growth Performance and Health of Broilers by Altering the Composition of Cecal Microflora. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050633. [PMID: 35625361 PMCID: PMC9138300 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In most countries, antibiotic growth promoters are restricted or banned in the livestock industry, and probiotics have been widely explored to replace them. Lactobacillus LP184 and Yeast SC167 were selected as probiotic strains that could remain viable in feed and the gastrointestinal tract and were combined to form a compound to act as a substitute for antibiotics in broilers’ diets. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the compound probiotics as a potential alternative to antibiotics in broiler production. The feeding trial contained three dietary treatments and lasted for 42 days. The negative control group was fed the basal diet. The positive control group was fed the basal diet supplemented with commercial antibiotics. The probiotics group was fed the basal diet containing the compound probiotics. The results showed that the compound probiotics were a competent alternative for synthetic antibiotics to improve the production of broilers. The compound probiotics enhanced the immune and antioxidant capacities of broilers, which could not be achieved using antibiotics. The positive effects of the compound probiotics on the growth performance and health of broilers can likely be attributed to the improvement of intestinal morphology and cecal microbial diversity, effects which are distinct from those of antibiotics. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of replacing antibiotics with compound probiotics in broilers’ diets. Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the effects of a new probiotic compound developed as a potential alternative to synthetic antibiotics for broilers. A total of 360 newly hatched Arbor Acres male chicks were randomly divided into three treatment groups. Each treatment consisted of six replicates with 20 birds in each replicate. The negative control group was fed the basal diet. The positive control group was fed the basal diet supplemented with a commercial antimicrobial, virginiamycin, at 30 mg/kg of basal feed. The compound probiotics group was fed a basal diet containing 4.5 × 106 CFU of Lactobacillus LP184 and 2.4 × 106 CFU of Yeast SC167 per gram of basal feed. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed that the compound probiotics were a competent alternative to synthetic antibiotics for improving the growth performance and carcass traits of broilers. The compound probiotics enhanced the immune and antioxidant capacities of the broilers, while antibiotics lacked such merits. The positive effects of compound probiotics could be attributed to an improvement in the intestinal morphology and cecal microbial diversity of broilers, effects which are distinct from those of antibiotics. These findings revealed the differences between probiotics and antibiotics in terms of improving broilers’ performance and enriched the basic knowledge surrounding the intestinal microbial structure of broilers.
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Gyawali I, Zeng Y, Zhou J, Li J, Wu T, Shu G, Jiang Q, Zhu C. Effect of Novel Lactobacillus paracaesi microcapsule on growth performance, gut health and microbiome community of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101912. [PMID: 35689995 PMCID: PMC9190013 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial action of probiotics is questioned time and again due to the loss of their survivability under gastrointestinal conditions, particularly gastric acid. In this experiment, a probiotic species was encapsulated to improve its delivery to the distal parts, and its effects on production performance, gut health, and microbial profile in broilers were investigated. A total of 240 Arbor acres (AA) broilers were randomly allotted into 3 treatments with 8 replicate pens per treatment and 10 broilers in each pen for 42 d. Dietary treatments were 1) basal feed without any additives (CON), 2) CON+15 ppm Virginiamycin (ANT), and 3) CON+500 ppm encapsulated Lactobacillus paracaesi (ELP). The result showed that the addition of ELP to the feed did not affect growth performance and carcass characteristics significantly. However, ELP increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P < 0.05) and mRNA expression of ZO-1 (P < 0.05) relative to the CON or ANT group. Similarly, qPCR showed that dietary supplementation of ELP raised gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine and tended to decrease proinflammatory cytokines resulting improve in immunity. Moreover, chicks fed with ELP had lower malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05) than CON and lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P < 0.05) level than ANT in serum. In contrast, the total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) level was tended to increase. The ammonia level of ileum and cecum chyme was decreased (P < 0.05) in the ELP group than CON while the level of propionic acid of cecal content was increased (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the dietary treatment modulated the diversity and composition of cecal microflora. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was enriched, and Proteobacteria was depleted in the ELP group. At the genus level, ELP increased Bacteroides (P < 0.05) compared to control. The results indicate that oral delivery of probiotics via microcapsule could impart beneficial effects on birds and be used as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwari Gyawali
- Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Yuxian Zeng
- Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Ting Wu
- Anhui maitebao Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China.
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Wu K, Liu X, Huang YL, Xie M, Xiong X, Zheng J, Lu W, Li D. Pyrazine Functionalization to Boost Antenna Effect in Rare-Earth Metal-Organic Frameworks for Tetracyclines Detection. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00214k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a generalizable strategy for the synthesis of rare-earth metal-organic frameworks (RE-MOFs) with 12-connected RE9 clusters and shp-topology. A total of 26 isostructural RE-MOFs (JNU-205-RE and JNU-206-RE) were...
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Qiu K, Li CL, Wang J, Qi GH, Gao J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG. Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Bacillus subtilis, as an Alternative to Antibiotics, on Growth Performance, Serum Immunity, and Intestinal Health in Broiler Chickens. Front Nutr 2021; 8:786878. [PMID: 34917643 PMCID: PMC8668418 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.786878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) as in-feed probiotics is a potential alternative for antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the poultry industry. The current study investigated the effects of B. subtilis on the performance, immunity, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens. A 42-day feeding trial was conducted with a total of 600 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers with similar initial body weight, which was randomly divided into one of five dietary treatments: the basal diet (Ctrl), Ctrl + virginiamycin (AGP), Ctrl + B. subtilis A (BSA), Ctrl + B. subtilis B (BSB), and Ctrl + B. subtilis A + B (1:1, BSAB). The results showed significantly increased average daily gain in a step-wise manner from the control, B. subtilis, and to the AGP groups. The mortality rate of the B. subtilis group was significantly lower than the AGP group. The concentrations of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G (IgG), IgA, and IgM in the B. subtilis and AGP groups were higher than the control group, and the B. subtilis groups had the highest content of serum lysozyme and relative weight of thymus. Dietary B. subtilis increased the relative length of ileum and the relative weight of jejunum compared with the AGP group. The villus height (V), crypt depth (C), V/C, and intestinal wall thickness of the jejunum in the B. subtilis and AGP groups were increased relative to the control group. Dietary B. subtilis increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, the same as AGP. The contents of lactic acid, succinic acid, and butyric acid in the ileum and cecum were increased by dietary B. subtilis. Dietary B. subtilis significantly increased the lactobacillus and bifidobacteria in the ileum and cecum and decreased the coliforms and Clostridium perfringens in the cecum. The improved performance and decreased mortality rate observed in the feeding trial could be accrued to the positive effects of B. subtilis on the immune response capacity, gut health, and gut microflora balance, and the combination of two strains showed additional benefits on the intestinal morphology and tight junction protein expressions. Therefore, it can be concluded that dietary B. subtilis A and B could be used as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics in the promotion of gut health and productivity index in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qiu
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Li
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Animal Nutrition, Nutrition and Care, Evonik (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Risk Assessment Laboratory of Feed Derived Factors to Animal Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Luangthongkam P, Blinco JA, Dart P, Callaghan M, Speight R. Comparison of spray-drying and freeze-drying for inoculum production of the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wyszyńska AK, Godlewska R. Lactic Acid Bacteria - A Promising Tool for Controlling Chicken Campylobacter Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703441. [PMID: 34650524 PMCID: PMC8506037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2005, campylobacteriosis has been the most common zoonotic disease in Europe. The main reservoir of pathogenic Campylobacter strains is broilers, which makes raw and undercooked poultry meat two major sources of disease. Infection in chicken flocks is most often asymptomatic, despite a high level of colonization reaching 106-109cfu/g in animal ceca. It is widely believed that controlling the level of colonization of the birds' digestive tract by pathogenic strains is a good way to increase food safety. Many treatments have been proposed to combat or at least reduce the level of colonization in animals reservoirs: probiotics, bacteriophages, vaccines, and anti-Campylobacter bacteriocins. This review focuses on the effects of Campylobacter infection on the chicken microbiome and colonization control strategies using probiotics (mostly lactic acid bacteria, LAB), which are live microorganisms included in the diet of animals as feed additives or supplements. Probiotics are not only an alternative to antibiotics, which were used for years as animal growth promoters, but they also constitute an effective protective barrier against excessive colonization of the digestive system by pathogenic bacteria, including Campylobacter. Moreover, one of the many beneficial functions of probiotics is the ability to manipulate the host's microbiota. Recently, there have also been some promising attempts to use lactic acid bacteria as a delivery system of oral vaccine against Campylobacter. Recombinant LAB strains induce primarily a mucosal immune response against foreign antigens, accompanied by at most a low-level immune response against carrier strains. Since the main barrier against the invasion of pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract is the intestinal mucosal membrane, the development of effective oral vaccines to protect animals against enteric infection is very reasonable.
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Gibbs K, Lacharme-Lora L, Dersjant-Li Y, Evans C, Wigley P. A probiotic and mixed-enzymes combination reduces the inflammatory response, faecal shedding and systemic spread of Campylobacter jejuni in broilers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2021.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has questioned the notion that Campylobacter jejuni is a harmless resident of the avian gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The following trial examined the effect of dietary supplementation with a mixture of enzymes and Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, C. jejuni colonisation, GIT immune responses, faecal shedding and extra-intestinal spread in broilers. Fifty-eight, Ross 308 d-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments, giving 14 or 15 birds/pen. Birds were given nutritionally complete, complex, phased diets unsupplemented (two treatments) or supplemented (two treatments) with a multi-enzyme containing 2,000 U/kg xylanase, 200 U/kg amylase and 4,000 U/kg protease, and 75,000 cfu/g of a combination of three strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. One control and one supplemented diet group contained birds orally challenged with 105 cfu C. jejuni strain M1 on d 21 of age. Among challenged birds, the mixed-enzymes and probiotic combination numerically reduced faecal C. jejuni shedding (-98% vs challenged control) three days-post-infection (d.p.i.), and at 7 d.p.i. numerically reduced C. jejuni colonisation of the ileal mucosa (-1000-fold vs control) and totally inhibited systemic spread of C. jejuni to the liver, compared to the control (P<0.05). It suppressed early pro-inflammatory chemokine response seen in the ileum, caecum and caecal tonsil tissues (at 3 d.p.i.) in challenged control birds (-18 to -46-fold; P<0.05) and altered expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-17F) and regulatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines. The data demonstrated inhibition of a sustained pro-inflammatory response to C. jejuni infection and improved intestinal barrier integrity in supplemented birds. This highlighted the importance of looking beyond simple measurements of feed conversion and body weight gain when seeking to understand the effects and mode of action of poultry dietary interventions. Achieving a favourable balance between the gut, immune function, microbiome and nutrition should be the goal for achieving good gastrointestinal health and optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Gibbs
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - L. Lacharme-Lora
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Chester high road, Neston, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Y. Dersjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - C. Evans
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - P. Wigley
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Chester high road, Neston, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
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Xu Y, Yu Y, Shen Y, Li Q, Lan J, Wu Y, Zhang R, Cao G, Yang C. Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immunity, short chain fatty acid production, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101358. [PMID: 34358955 PMCID: PMC8350532 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) or Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and the cecal microflora in broiler chickens. In total, 360 male, 1-day-old Cobb 500 birds were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group was fed a basal diet; the B. subtilis group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 109 CFU/kg B. subtilis; the B. licheniformis group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 109 CFU/kg B. licheniformis. Results showed that chickens supplemented with either B. subtilis or B. licheniformis had comparatively higher (P < 0.05) body weight and average daily gain, whereas no difference (P > 0.05) was observed in feed efficiency. Concentrations of serum IgA, IgY, and IgM, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by B. subtilis or B. licheniformis supplementation. Moreover, chickens fed with diets supplemented by either B. subtilis or B. licheniformis had greater antioxidant capacity, indicated by the notable increases (P < 0.05) in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, along with decrease (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde. Compared to the control group, levels of SCFA, excluding acetic and propionic acid, in cecal content had improved (P < 0.05) by adding B. licheniformis, and significant increase (P < 0.05) in acetic and butyric acid was observed with B. subtilis supplementation. Microbial analysis showed that both B. subtilis or B. licheniformis supplementation could increase butyrate-producing bacteria such as Alistipes and Butyricicoccus, and decrease pathogenic bacteria such as the Synergistetes and Gammaproteobacteria. In summary, dietary supplemented with B. subtilis or B. licheniformis improved growth performance, immune status, and antioxidant capacity, increased SCFA production, and modulated cecal microbiota in chickens. Moreover, B. licheniformis was more effective than B. subtilis with the same supplemental amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Junhong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guantian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Trukhachev VI, Chmykhalo VK, Belanova AA, Beseda DK, Chikindas ML, Bren AB, Ermakov AM, Donnik IM, Belousova MM, Zolotukhin PV. Probiotic biomarkers and models upside down: From humans to animals. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109156. [PMID: 34388682 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics development for animal farming implies thorough testing of a vast variety of properties, including adhesion, toxicity, host cells signaling modulation, and immune effects. Being diverse, these properties are often tested individually and using separate biological models, with great emphasis on the host organism. Although being precise, this approach is cost-ineffective, limits the probiotics screening throughput and lacks informativeness due to the 'one model - one test - one property' principle. There is а solution coming from human-derived cells and in vitro systems, an extraordinary example of human models serving animal research. In the present review, we focus on the current outlooks of employing human-derived in vitro biological models in probiotics development for animal applications, examples of such studies and the analysis of concordance between these models and host-derived in vivo data. In our opinion, human-cells derived screening systems allow to test several probiotic properties at once with reasonable precision, great informativeness and less expenses and labor effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Trukhachev
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Gagarin Square 1, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia; Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya st., 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia.
| | - Victor K Chmykhalo
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Anna A Belanova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Darya K Beseda
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Gagarin Square 1, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia; Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Str., 19с1, Moscow, 119146, Russia.
| | - Anzhelika B Bren
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Gagarin Square 1, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia; Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Alexey M Ermakov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Gagarin Square 1, Rostov-on-Don, 344000, Russia.
| | - Irina M Donnik
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Ave., 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Marya M Belousova
- English Language Department for Natural Sciences Faculties, Southern Federal University, 5 Zorge Str., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Peter V Zolotukhin
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
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22
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Shini S, Bryden WL. Probiotics and gut health: linking gut homeostasis and poultry productivity. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of probiotics in poultry production has increased rapidly, and this movement has been promoted by global events, such as the prohibition or decline in the use of antibiotic growth promotants in poultry feeds. There has been a persistent search for alternative feed additives, and probiotics have shown that they can restore the composition of the gut microbiota, and produce health benefits to the host, including improvements in performance. Probiotics have shown potential to increase productivity in poultry, especially in flocks challenged by stressors. However, the outcomes of probiotic use have not always been consistent. There is an increasing demand for well defined products that can be applied strategically, and currently, probiotic research is focusing on delineating their mechanisms of action in the gut that contribute to an improved efficacy. In particular, mechanisms involved in the maintenance and protection of intestinal barrier integrity and the role of the gut microbiota are being extensively investigated. It has been shown that probiotics modulate intestinal immune pathways both directly and through interactions with the gut microbiota. These interactions are key to maintaining gut homeostasis and function, and improving feed efficiency. Research has demonstrated that probiotics execute their effects through multiple mechanisms. The present review describes recent advances in probiotic use in poultry. It focuses on the current understanding of gut homeostasis and gut health in chickens, and how it can be assessed and improved through supplementation of poultry diets with probiotics in poultry diets. In particular, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance and protection of gut barrier structure and function are described. It also highlights important factors that influence probiotic efficacy and bird performance.
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23
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Bacillus subtilis-Based Probiotic Improves Skeletal Health and Immunity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061494. [PMID: 34064126 PMCID: PMC8224346 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High ambient temperature is a major environmental stressor affecting the physiological and behavioral status of animals, increasing stress susceptibility and immunosuppression, and consequently increasing intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and related neuroinflammation. Probiotics, as well as prebiotics and synbiotics, have been used to prevent or decrease stress-associated detrimental effects on physiological and behavioral homeostasis in humans and various animals. The current data indicate that a dietary probiotic supplement, Bacillus subtilis, reduces heat stress-induced abnormal behaviors and negative effects on skeletal health in broilers through a variety of cellular responses, regulating the functioning of the microbiota–gut–brain axis and/or microbiota-modulated immunity during bone remodeling under thermoneutral and heat-stressed conditions. Abstract The elevation of ambient temperature beyond the thermoneutral zone leads to heat stress, which is a growing health and welfare issue for homeothermic animals aiming to maintain relatively constant reproducibility and survivability. Particularly, global warming over the past decades has resulted in more hot days with more intense, frequent, and long-lasting heat waves, resulting in a global surge in animals suffering from heat stress. Heat stress causes pathophysiological changes in animals, increasing stress sensitivity and immunosuppression, consequently leading to increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and related neuroinflammation. Probiotics, as well as prebiotics and synbiotics, have been used to prevent or reduce stress-induced negative effects on physiological and behavioral homeostasis in humans and various animals. The current data indicate dietary supplementation with a Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic has similar functions in poultry. This review highlights the recent findings on the effects of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis on skeletal health of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. It provides insights to aid in the development of practical strategies for improving health and performance in poultry.
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