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Ray S, Löffler S, Richter‐Dahlfors A. High-Resolution Large-Area Image Analysis Deciphers the Distribution of Salmonella Cells and ECM Components in Biofilms Formed on Charged PEDOT:PSS Surfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307322. [PMID: 38225703 PMCID: PMC11251553 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms, comprised of cells embedded in extracellular matrix (ECM), enable bacterial surface colonization and contribute to pathogenesis and biofouling. Yet, antibacterial surfaces are mainly evaluated for their effect on bacterial cells rather than the ECM. Here, a method is presented to separately quantify amounts and distribution of cells and ECM in Salmonella biofilms grown on electroactive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Within a custom-designed biofilm reactor, biofilm forms on PEDOT:PSS surfaces electrically addressed with a bias potential and simultaneous recording of the resulting current. The amount and distribution of cells and ECM in biofilms are analyzed using a fluorescence-based spectroscopic mapping technique and fluorescence confocal microscopy combined with advanced image processing. The study shows that surface charge leads to upregulated ECM production, leaving the cell counts largely unaffected. An altered texture is also observed, with biofilms forming small foci or more continuous structures. Supported by mutants lacking ECM production, ECM is identified as an important target when developing antibacterial strategies. Also, a central role for biofilm distribution is highlighted that likely influences antimicrobial susceptibility in biofilms. This work provides yet a link between conductive polymer materials and bacterial metabolism and reveals for the first time a specific effect of electrochemical addressing on bacterial ECM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhita Ray
- AIMES – Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐171 77Sweden
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐171 77Sweden
| | - Susanne Löffler
- AIMES – Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐171 77Sweden
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐171 77Sweden
| | - Agneta Richter‐Dahlfors
- AIMES – Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐171 77Sweden
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSE‐171 77Sweden
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Li Z, Zhang M, Lei G, Lu X, Yang X, Kan B. A Single Base Change in the csgD Promoter Resulted in Enhanced Biofilm in Swine-Derived Salmonella Typhimurium. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1258. [PMID: 39065026 PMCID: PMC11278976 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Salmonella strains causing gastroenteritis typically can colonize and proliferate in the intestines of multiple host species. They retain the ability to form red dry and rough (rdar) biofilms, as seen in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Conversely, Salmonella serovar like Typhi, which can cause systemic infections and exhibit host restriction, are rdar-negative. In this study, duck-derived strains and swine-derived strains of S. Typhimurium locate on independent phylogenetic clades and display relative genomic specificity. The duck isolates appear more closely related to human blood isolates and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS), whereas the swine isolates were more distinct. Phenotypically, compared to duck isolates, swine isolates exhibited enhanced biofilm formation that was unaffected by the temperature. The transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of csgDEFG transcription as the direct cause. This upregulation may be mainly attributed to the enhanced promoter activity caused by the G-to-T substitution at position -44 of the csgD promoter. Swine isolates have created biofilm polymorphisms by altering a conserved base present in Salmonella Typhi, iNTS, and most Salmonella Typhimurium (such as duck isolates). This provides a genomic characteristics perspective for understanding Salmonella transmission cycles and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
| | - Mengke Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Gaopeng Lei
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
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Upadhyay A, Pal D, Kumar A. Molecular drilling to combat salmonella typhi biofilm using L-Asparaginase via multiple targeting process. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:323-334. [PMID: 38639582 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2344699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salmonella Typhibiofilm condition is showing as a major public health problem due to the development of antibiotic resistance and less available druggable target proteins. Therefore, we aimed to identify some more druggable targets of S. Typhibiofilm using computational drilling at the genome/proteome level so that the target shortage problem could be overcome and more antibiofilm agents could be designed in the future against the disease. METHODS We performed protein-protein docking and interaction analysis between the homological identified target proteins of S.Typhi biofilm and a therapeutic protein L-Asparaginase. RESULTS We have identified some druggable targets CsgD, BcsA, OmpR, CsgG, CsgE, and CsgF in S.Typhi. These targets showed high-binding affinity BcsA (-219.8 Kcal/mol) >csgF (-146.52 Kcal/mol) >ompR (-135.68 Kcal/mol) >CsgE (-134.66 Kcal/mol) >CsgG (-113.81 Kcal/mol) >CsgD(-95.39 Kcal/mol) with therapeutic enzyme L-Asparaginase through various hydrogen-bonds and salt-bridge. We found six proteins of S. Typhi biofilm from the Csg family as druggable multiple targets. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the idea of identification of new druggable targets and their multiple targeting with L-Asparaginase to overcome target shortage in S. Typhibiofilm-mediated infections. Results further indicated that L-Asparaginase could potentially be utilized as an antibiofilm biotherapeutic agent against S.Typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Dharm Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
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Fung BL, Esin JJ, Visick KL. Vibrio fischeri: a model for host-associated biofilm formation. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0037023. [PMID: 38270381 PMCID: PMC10882983 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00370-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Multicellular communities of adherent bacteria known as biofilms are often detrimental in the context of a human host, making it important to study their formation and dispersal, especially in animal models. One such model is the symbiosis between the squid Euprymna scolopes and the bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Juvenile squid hatch aposymbiotically and selectively acquire their symbiont from natural seawater containing diverse environmental microbes. Successful pairing is facilitated by ciliary movements that direct bacteria to quiet zones on the surface of the squid's symbiotic light organ where V. fischeri forms a small aggregate or biofilm. Subsequently, the bacteria disperse from that aggregate to enter the organ, ultimately reaching and colonizing deep crypt spaces. Although transient, aggregate formation is critical for optimal colonization and is tightly controlled. In vitro studies have identified a variety of polysaccharides and proteins that comprise the extracellular matrix. Some of the most well-characterized matrix factors include the symbiosis polysaccharide (SYP), cellulose polysaccharide, and LapV adhesin. In this review, we discuss these components, their regulation, and other less understood V. fischeri biofilm contributors. We also highlight what is currently known about dispersal from these aggregates and host cues that may promote it. Finally, we briefly describe discoveries gleaned from the study of other V. fischeri isolates. By unraveling the complexities involved in V. fischeri's control over matrix components, we may begin to understand how the host environment triggers transient biofilm formation and dispersal to promote this unique symbiotic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. Fung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Esin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Karen L. Visick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Lamichhane B, Mawad AMM, Saleh M, Kelley WG, Harrington PJ, Lovestad CW, Amezcua J, Sarhan MM, El Zowalaty ME, Ramadan H, Morgan M, Helmy YA. Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 38247636 PMCID: PMC10812683 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Salmonella is highly pathogenic and encompasses more than 2600 characterized serovars. The transmission of Salmonella to humans occurs through the farm-to-fork continuum and is commonly linked to the consumption of animal-derived food products. Among these sources, poultry and poultry products are primary contributors, followed by beef, pork, fish, and non-animal-derived food such as fruits and vegetables. While antibiotics constitute the primary treatment for salmonellosis, the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains have highlighted the urgency of developing antibiotic alternatives. Effective infection management necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the pathogen's epidemiology and transmission dynamics. Therefore, this comprehensive review focuses on the epidemiology, sources of infection, risk factors, transmission dynamics, and the host range of Salmonella serotypes. This review also investigates the disease characteristics observed in both humans and animals, antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, and potential strategies for treatment and control of salmonellosis, emphasizing the most recent antibiotic-alternative approaches for infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Lamichhane
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Asmaa M. M. Mawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - William G. Kelley
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Patrick J. Harrington
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Cayenne W. Lovestad
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Jessica Amezcua
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Sarhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), Ras Sudr 8744304, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. El Zowalaty
- Veterinary Medicine and Food Security Research Group, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women’s Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Melissa Morgan
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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Leesombun A, Sungpradit S, Sariya L, Taowan J, Boonmasawai S. Transcriptional Profiling of the Effect of Coleus amboinicus L. Essential Oil against Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilm Formation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1598. [PMID: 37998800 PMCID: PMC10668763 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cause infections primarily through foodborne transmission and remains a significant public health concern. The biofilm formation of this bacteria also contributes to their multidrug-resistant nature. Essential oils from medicinal plants are considered potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Therefore, this study assessed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Coleus amboinicus essential oil (EO-CA) against S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028. Seventeen chemical compounds of EO-CA were identified, and carvacrol (38.26%) was found to be the main constituent. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EO-CA for S. Typhimurium planktonic growth was 1024 µg/mL while the minimum bactericidal concentration was 1024 µg/mL. EO-CA at sub-MIC (≥1/16× MIC) exhibited antibiofilm activity against the prebiofilm formation of S. Typhimurium at 24 h. Furthermore, EO-CA (≥1/4× MIC) inhibited postbiofilm formation at 24 and 48 h (p < 0.05). Transcriptional profiling revealed that the EO-CA-treated group at 1/2× MIC had 375 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 106 of which were upregulated and 269 were downregulated. Five significantly downregulated virulent DEGs responsible for motility (flhD, fljB, and fimD), curli fimbriae (csgD), and invasion (hilA) were screened via quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). This study suggests the potential of EO-CA as an effective antimicrobial agent for combating planktonic and biofilm formation of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpron Leesombun
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (A.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Sivapong Sungpradit
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (A.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (L.S.); (J.T.)
| | - Jarupha Taowan
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (L.S.); (J.T.)
| | - Sookruetai Boonmasawai
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (A.L.); (S.S.)
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Teklemariam AD, Al-Hindi RR, Albiheyri RS, Alharbi MG, Alghamdi MA, Filimban AAR, Al Mutiri AS, Al-Alyani AM, Alseghayer MS, Almaneea AM, Albar AH, Khormi MA, Bhunia AK. Human Salmonellosis: A Continuous Global Threat in the Farm-to-Fork Food Safety Continuum. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091756. [PMID: 37174295 PMCID: PMC10178548 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most common zoonotic foodborne pathogens and a worldwide public health threat. Salmonella enterica is the most pathogenic among Salmonella species, comprising over 2500 serovars. It causes typhoid fever and gastroenteritis, and the serovars responsible for the later disease are known as non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). Salmonella transmission to humans happens along the farm-to-fork continuum via contaminated animal- and plant-derived foods, including poultry, eggs, fish, pork, beef, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and flour. Several virulence factors have been recognized to play a vital role in attaching, invading, and evading the host defense system. These factors include capsule, adhesion proteins, flagella, plasmids, and type III secretion systems that are encoded on the Salmonella pathogenicity islands. The increased global prevalence of NTS serovars in recent years indicates that the control approaches centered on alleviating the food animals' contamination along the food chain have been unsuccessful. Moreover, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella variants suggests a potential food safety crisis. This review summarizes the current state of the knowledge on the nomenclature, microbiological features, virulence factors, and the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella. Furthermore, it provides insights into the pathogenesis and epidemiology of Salmonella infections. The recent outbreaks of salmonellosis reported in different clinical settings and geographical regions, including Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the USA in the farm-to-fork continuum, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu D Teklemariam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad R Al-Hindi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed S Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona G Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashail A Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A R Filimban
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Al Mutiri
- Laboratory Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 12843, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Alyani
- Laboratory Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Jeddah 22311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen S Alseghayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almaneea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulgader H Albar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen A Khormi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Kiousi DE, Efstathiou C, Tzampazlis V, Plessas S, Panopoulou M, Koffa M, Galanis A. Genetic and phenotypic assessment of the antimicrobial activity of three potential probiotic lactobacilli against human enteropathogenic bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1127256. [PMID: 36844407 PMCID: PMC9944596 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1127256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lactobacilli are avid producers of antimicrobial compounds responsible for their adaptation and survival in microbe-rich matrices. The bactericidal or bacteriostatic ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be exploited for the identification of novel antimicrobial compounds to be incorporated in functional foodstuffs or pharmaceutical supplements. In this study, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus L33, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L125 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SP5, previously isolated form fermented products, were examined, against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli. Methods The ability of viable cells to inhibit pathogen colonization on HT-29 cell monolayers, as well as their co-aggregation capacity, were examined utilizing the competitive exclusion assay. The antimicrobial activity of cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) was determined against planktonic cells and biofilms, using microbiological assays, confocal microscopy, and gene expression analysis of biofilm formation-related genes. Furthermore, in vitro analysis was supplemented with in silico prediction of bacteriocin clusters and of other loci involved in antimicrobial activity. Results The three lactobacilli were able to limit the viability of planktonic cells of S. aureus and E. coli in suspension. Greater inhibition of biofilm formation was recorded after co-incubation of S. enterica with the CFCS of Lc. paracasei SP5. Predictions based on sequence revealed the ability of strains to produce single or two-peptide Class II bacteriocins, presenting sequence and structural conservation with functional bacteriocins. Discussion The efficiency of the potentially probiotic bacteria to elicit antimicrobial effects presented a strain- and pathogen-specific pattern. Future studies, utilizing multi-omic approaches, will focus on the structural and functional characterization of molecules involved in the recorded phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Eugenia Kiousi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Efstathiou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vasilis Tzampazlis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stavros Plessas
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- *Correspondence: Alex Galanis,
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Antibiofilm Action of Plant Terpenes in Salmonella Strains: Potential Inhibitors of the Synthesis of Extracellular Polymeric Substances. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010035. [PMID: 36678383 PMCID: PMC9864247 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella can form biofilms that contribute to its resistance in food processing environments. Biofilms are a dense population of cells that adhere to the surface, creating a matrix composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) consisting mainly of polysaccharides, proteins, and eDNA. Remarkably, the secreted substances, including cellulose, curli, and colanic acid, act as protective barriers for Salmonella and contribute to its resistance and persistence when exposed to disinfectants. Conventional treatments are mostly ineffective in controlling this problem; therefore, exploring anti-biofilm molecules that minimize and eradicate Salmonella biofilms is required. The evidence indicated that terpenes effectively reduce biofilms and affect their three-dimensional structure due to the decrease in the content of EPS. Specifically, in the case of Salmonella, cellulose is an essential component in their biofilms, and its control could be through the inhibition of glycosyltransferase, the enzyme that synthesizes this polymer. The inhibition of polymeric substances secreted by Salmonella during biofilm development could be considered a target to reduce its resistance to disinfectants, and terpenes can be regarded as inhibitors of this process. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these compounds against Salmonella enzymes that produce extracellular polymeric substances.
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Núncio ASP, Webber B, Pottker ES, Cardoso B, Esposito F, Fontana H, Lincopan N, Girardello R, Pilotto F, dos Santos LR, Rodrigues LB. Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg E2 strain isolated from chicken carcass in southern Brazil. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 379:109863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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11
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Kim SH, Jyung S, Kang DH. Comparative study of Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms and their resistance depending on cellulose secretion and maturation temperatures. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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12
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Giacomodonato MN, Sarnacki SH, Aya Castañeda MDR, Garófalo AN, Betancourt DM, Cerquetti MC, Noto Llana M. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis biofilm lifestyle induces lower pathogenicity and reduces inflammatory response in a murine model compared to planktonic bacteria. Rev Argent Microbiol 2021; 54:166-174. [PMID: 34961640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellaenterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is the most frequent serovar involved in human salmonellosis. It has been demonstrated that about 80% of infections are related to biofilm formation. There is scant information about the pathogenicity of S. Enteritidis and its relationship to biofilm production. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the differential host response induced by S. Enteritidis biofilm and planktonic lifestyle. To this purpose, biofilm and planktonic bacteria were inoculated to BALB/c mice and epithelial cell culture. Survival studies revealed that biofilm is less virulent than planktonic cells. Reduced signs of intestinal inflammation and lower bacterial translocation were observed in animals inoculated with Salmonella biofilm compared to the planktonic group. Results showed that Salmonella biofilm was impaired for invasion of non-phagocytic cells and induces a lower inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro compared to that of planktonic bacteria. Taken together, the outcome of Salmonella-host interaction varies depending on the bacterial lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica N Giacomodonato
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián H Sarnacki
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Rosario Aya Castañeda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ailín N Garófalo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana M Betancourt
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Cerquetti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Noto Llana
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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A SNP in the Cache 1 Signaling Domain of Diguanylate Cyclase STM1987 Leads to Increased In Vivo Fitness of Invasive Salmonella Strains. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00810-20. [PMID: 33468583 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00810-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) strains are associated with gastroenteritis worldwide but are also the leading cause of bacterial bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa. The invasive NTS (iNTS) strains that cause bloodstream infections differ from standard gastroenteritis-causing strains by >700 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs are known to alter metabolic pathways and biofilm formation and to contribute to serum resistance and are thought to signify iNTS strains becoming human adapted, similar to typhoid fever-causing Salmonella strains. Identifying SNPs that contribute to invasion or increased virulence has been more elusive. In this study, we identified a SNP in the cache 1 signaling domain of diguanylate cyclase STM1987 in the invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium type strain D23580. This SNP was conserved in 118 other iNTS strains analyzed and was comparatively absent in global S Typhimurium isolates associated with gastroenteritis. STM1987 catalyzes the formation of bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) and is proposed to stimulate production of cellulose independent of the master biofilm regulator CsgD. We show that the amino acid change in STM1987 leads to a 10-fold drop in cellulose production and increased fitness in a mouse model of acute infection. Reduced cellulose production due to the SNP led to enhanced survival in both murine and human macrophage cell lines. In contrast, loss of CsgD-dependent cellulose production did not lead to any measurable change in in vivo fitness. We hypothesize that the SNP in stm1987 represents a pathoadaptive mutation for iNTS strains.
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Special Issue "Salmonella: Pathogenesis and Host Restriction". Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020325. [PMID: 33562634 PMCID: PMC7915497 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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