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Kharat AS, Makwana N, Nasser M, Gayen S, Yadav B, Kumar D, Veeraraghavan B, Mercier C. Dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE clinical isolates over the 2010-2020 decade in India. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107125. [PMID: 38431109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) constitute a threat to humans worldwide. India is now the most populous country. The goal was to investigate the evolution of the rates of antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPE pathogens across India over the 2010-20 decade. METHODS The data (89 studies) were retrieved from the Medline PubMed repository using specific keywords. RESULTS The study of 20 177 ESKAPE isolates showed that A. baumannii isolates were the most represented (35.9%, n = 7238), followed by P. aeruginosa (25.3%, n = 5113), K. pneumoniae (19.5%, n = 3934), S. aureus (16.3%, n = 3286), E. faecium (2.6%, n = 517) and Enterobacter spp. (0.4%, n = 89). A notable increase in the resistance rates to antimicrobial agents occurred over the 2010-20 decade. The most important levels of resistance were observed in 2016-20 for A. baumannii (90% of resistance to the amoxicillin-clavulanate combination) and K. pneumoniae (81.6% of resistance to gentamycin). The rise in β-lactamase activities was correlated with an increase in the positivity of Gram-negative isolates for β-lactamase genes. CONCLUSIONS This review highlighted that, in contrast to developed countries that kept resistance levels under control, a considerable increase in resistance to various classes of antibiotics occurred in ESKAPE pathogens in India over the 2010-2020 decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun S Kharat
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Nilesh Makwana
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahfouz Nasser
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Subcampus Osmanbad, MS, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India; National Center for Public Health Laboratories, Hodeidah, Yemen
| | - Samarpita Gayen
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Subcampus Osmanbad, MS, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bipin Yadav
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Corinne Mercier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Vázquez-López R, Hernández-Martínez T, Larios-Fernández SI, Piña-Leyva C, Lara-Lozano M, Guerrero-González T, Martínez-Bautista J, Gómez-Conde E, González-Barrios JA. Characterization of Beta-Lactam Resistome of Escherichia coli Causing Nosocomial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1355. [PMID: 37760652 PMCID: PMC10525731 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections caused by Escherichia coli pose significant therapeutic challenges due to the high expression of genes encoding antimicrobial drug resistance. In this study, we investigated the conformation of the beta-lactam resistome responsible for the specific pattern of resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics. A total of 218 Escherichia coli strains were isolated from in-hospital patients diagnosed with nosocomial infections, obtained from various sources such as urine (n = 49, 22.48%), vaginal discharge (n = 46, 21.10%), catheter tips (n = 14, 6.42%), blood (n = 13, 5.96%), feces (n = 12, 5.50%), sputum (n = 11, 5.05%), biopsies (n = 8, 3.67%), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 2, 0.92%) and other unspecified discharges (n = 63, 28.90%). To characterize the beta-lactam resistome, all strains were subjected to antibiotic dilution tests and grown in beta-lactam antibiotics supplemented with Luria culture medium. Subsequently, multiplex PCR and next-generation sequencing were conducted. The results show a multi-drug-resistance phenotype, particularly against beta-lactam drugs. The primary determinant of this resistance was the expression of the blaTEM gene family, with 209 positive strains (95.87%) expressing it as a single gene (n = 47, 21.6%) or in combination with other genes. Common combinations included blaTEM + blaCTX (n = 42, 19.3%), blaTEM + blaCTX + blaSHV (n = 13, 6%) and blaTEM + blaCTX + blaBIL (n = 12, 5.5%), among others. The beta-lactam resistome of nosocomial Escherichia coli strains isolated from inpatients at the "October first" Regional Hospital of ISSSTE was predominantly composed of members of the blaTEM gene family, expressed in various configurations along with different members of other beta-lactamase gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalino Vázquez-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico;
| | - Tanya Hernández-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “Primero de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07300, Mexico; (T.H.-M.); (S.I.L.-F.); (C.P.-L.); (M.L.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | - Selene Ivonne Larios-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “Primero de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07300, Mexico; (T.H.-M.); (S.I.L.-F.); (C.P.-L.); (M.L.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | - Celia Piña-Leyva
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “Primero de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07300, Mexico; (T.H.-M.); (S.I.L.-F.); (C.P.-L.); (M.L.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | - Manuel Lara-Lozano
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “Primero de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07300, Mexico; (T.H.-M.); (S.I.L.-F.); (C.P.-L.); (M.L.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | - Tayde Guerrero-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “Primero de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07300, Mexico; (T.H.-M.); (S.I.L.-F.); (C.P.-L.); (M.L.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
| | - Javier Martínez-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Regional “Primero de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07300, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Conde
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla 72420, Mexico;
| | - Juan Antonio González-Barrios
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “Primero de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07300, Mexico; (T.H.-M.); (S.I.L.-F.); (C.P.-L.); (M.L.-L.); (T.G.-G.)
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Stillger L, Viau L, Holtmann D, Müller D. Antibiofilm assay for antimicrobial peptides combating the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1376. [PMID: 37642483 PMCID: PMC10441178 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In medical, environmental, and industrial processes, the accumulation of bacteria in biofilms can disrupt many processes. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are receiving increasing attention in the development of new substances to avoid or reduce biofilm formation. There is a lack of parallel testing of the effect against biofilms in this area, as well as in the testing of other antibiofilm agents. In this paper, a high-throughput screening was developed for the analysis of the antibiofilm activity of AMPs, differentiated into inhibition and removal of a biofilm. The sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris was used as a model organism. D. vulgaris represents an undesirable bacterium, which is considered one of the major triggers of microbiologically influenced corrosion. The application of a 96-well plate and steel rivets as a growth surface realizes real-life conditions and at the same time establishes a flexible, simple, fast, and cost-effective assay. All peptides tested in this study demonstrated antibiofilm activity, although these peptides should be individually selected depending on the addressed aim. For biofilm inhibition, the peptide DASamP1 is the most suitable, with a sustained effect for up to 21 days. The preferred peptides for biofilm removal are S6L3-33, in regard to bacteria reduction, and Bactenecin, regarding total biomass reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Stillger
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGiessenGermany
| | - Lucile Viau
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGiessenGermany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGiessenGermany
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life SciencesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Daniela Müller
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGiessenGermany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
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Bizri AR, El-Fattah AA, Bazaraa HM, Al Ramahi JW, Matar M, Ali RAN, El Masry R, Moussa J, Abbas AJA, Aziz MA. Antimicrobial resistance landscape and COVID-19 impact in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon: A survey-based study and expert opinion. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288550. [PMID: 37498951 PMCID: PMC10374138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) landscape and the impact of COVID-19 on AMR in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon, and to gather expert opinions on the barriers to the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives in the region. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used to assess the current AMR landscape, existing AMS initiatives, barriers to implementing AMS initiatives, and the impact of COVID-19 on AMR in the four countries. RESULTS The survey was completed by 204 physicians from Egypt (n = 82), Lebanon (n = 49), Iraq (n = 43), and Jordan (n = 30). Previous antibiotic use and previous bacterial colonization were perceived as the most common risk factors for an increase in AMR. According to the survey, multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria were most common in lower respiratory tract infections, and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were the most commonly identified gram-negative bacteria in hospital-acquired infections. Only 14.8% of pediatric physicians and 28.6% of adult physicians reported that target pathogen genotyping and phenotyping were done in hospitals, and the most commonly reported reasons for the lack of testing were technological and resource constraints. These constraints, coupled with the scarcity and high cost of newer antibiotics, have been identified as the most significant barriers to the successful management of MDR gram-negative bacterial infections in the region. It was reported that the spectrum of activity and safety of the antibiotic, the site of infection, the presence of comorbidities, and published guidelines and local antibiograms determined the choice of empirical antibiotic therapy for patients in the region. The four countries experienced a significant rise in AMR due to several factors during the COVID-19 pandemic, including an increase in hospital occupancy, a shift in priorities away from AMR surveillance, and changes in AMR epidemiology. Additionally, the large volumes of unnecessary and unsubstantiated antibiotic prescriptions during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to subsequent antibiotic shortages and significant increases in AMR in the region. Physicians also noted that the majority of COVID-19 patients were already on antibiotics before visiting the healthcare facility. MDR gram-negative bacteria were found in the majority of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Despite the fact that various AMS initiatives have been implemented, they are not standardized across the region. Some of the main barriers to AMS implementation in the region are a lack of adequately trained AMS staff, lack of AMS knowledge and training among healthcare professionals, financial constraints, and the lack of AMR surveillance systems. CONCLUSION These survey results provide valuable insights into the existing AMR and AMS landscape in the region, as well as the barriers that impede efficient AMS and AMR management. Based on these findings, the authors developed a call to action that suggests ways for each country in the region to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman Bizri
- National COVID-19 Vaccine Committee, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hafez Mahmoud Bazaraa
- Pediatric Critical Care Units, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Madonna Matar
- Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital, Byblos, Lebanon
- Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Byblos, Lebanon
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Zhao M, He J, Zhang R, Feng J, Deng Y, Zhang J. Epidemiological characteristics of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Fourth hospital of Hebei Medical University. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:298. [PMID: 37147576 PMCID: PMC10163796 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological characteristics of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing (NDM) Enterobacteriaceae were analyzed to provide theoretical support for clarifying the distribution characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in the hospital environment and early identification of susceptible patients. From January 2017 to December 2021,42 strains of NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae were gathered from the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, primarily Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae. The micro broth dilution method combined with the Kirby-Bauer method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics. The carbapenem phenotype was detected by the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM). Carbapenem genotypes were detected by colloidal gold immunochromatography and real-time fluorescence PCR. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that all NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae were multiple antibiotic resistant, but the sensitivity rate to amikacin was high. Invasive surgery prior to culture, the use of excessive amounts of different antibiotics, the use of glucocorticoids, and ICU hospitalization were clinical characteristics of NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae infection. Molecular typing of NDM-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was carried out by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), and the phylogenetic trees were constructed. Eight sequence types (STs) and two NDM variants were detected in 11 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, primarily ST17, and NDM-1. A total of 8 STs and 4 NDM variants were detected in 16 strains of Escherichia coli, mainly ST410, ST167, and NDM-5. For high-risk patients who have CRE infection, CRE screening should be done as soon as feasible to adopt prompt and efficient intervention measures to prevent outbreaks in the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Junhua Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yanli Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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Lu C, Wang J, Pan L, Gu X, Lu W, Chen D, Zhang C, Ye Q, Xiao C, Liu P, Tang Y, Tang B, Huang G, Fang J, Jiang H. Rapid detection of multiple resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1062577. [PMID: 36687650 PMCID: PMC9850091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1062577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The worrying emergence of multiple resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics in food animals and human populations throughout the food chain and relevant environments has been increasingly reported worldwide. Enterobacteriaceae pathogens are considered the most common reservoirs of such antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Thus, a rapid, efficient and accurate detection method to simultaneously screen and monitor such ARGs in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens has become an urgent need. Our study developed a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) for simultaneously detecting predominant resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics of Enterobacteriaceae pathogens, including mcr-1, blaNDM-1 and tet(X4). It is allowed to complete the entire process, including crude DNA extraction, amplification as well as reading, within 40 min at 37°C, and the detection limit is 101 copies/μl for mcr-1, blaNDM-1 and tet(X4). Sensitivity analysis showed obvious association of color signals with the template concentrations of mcr-1, blaNDM-1 and tet(X4) genes in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens using a test strip reader (R 2 = 0.9881, R 2 = 0.9745, and R 2 = 0.9807, respectively), allowing for quantitative detection using multiplex RPA-LFD assays. Therefore, the RPA-LFD assay can suitably help to detect multiple resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics in foodborne pathogens and has potential applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenze Lu
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leiming Pan
- Zhejiang Hongzheng Testing Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuying Gu
- Zhejiang Gongzheng Testing Center Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Chen
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaogeng Xiao
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biosafety Detection for Zhejiang Market Regulation, Zhejiang Fangyuan Testing Group LO.T, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- Hangzhou Tiannie Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Biao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products and Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiehong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Jiehong Fang, ✉
| | - Han Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Han Jiang, ✉
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Zornic S, Lukovic B, Petrovic I, Jencic A. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures and rapid detection of beta-lactamase-encoding genes by multiplex PCR assay. Germs 2022; 12:434-443. [PMID: 38021186 PMCID: PMC10660225 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) from blood cultures in a tertiary-care hospital and the multiplex PCR assay's ability to detect resistance genes. Methods A total of 388 GNB isolates obtained from hospitalized patients between November 2019 and November 2021 were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by VITEK 2 system and broth microdilution method. Beta-lactamase-encoding genes were detected by multiplex PCR assays, BioFire-Blood Culture Identification 2 (BCID2) panel (bioMérieux, France). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected phenotypically with VITEK AST-GN71 card (bioMérieux, France). The isolates of GNB were classified into multidrug-resistant, extensively-drug-resistant, and pandrug-resistant categories, and their prevalence and distribution in different wards, including coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) intensive care units (ICU), were calculated. Results Results revealed that all isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were multidrug-resistant as well as 91.6% of Enterobacter cloacae, 80.6% of Proteus mirabilis, and 76.1% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. In fermentative bacteria, blaOXA-48-like (58.1%), blaNDM (16.1%), blaKPC (9.7%) and blaVIM (6.5%) genes were detected. More than half of Enterobacter cloacae (58.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (53.7%) produced ESBLs. Among non-fermenters, the blaNDM gene was carried by 55% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 19.5% of Acinetobacter baumannii. In the COVID-19 ICU, Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common isolate (86.1%). Conclusions This study revealed high proportions of multidrug-resistant blood isolates and various underlying resistance genes in Gram-negative strains. The BCID2 panel seems to be helpful for the detection of the most prevalent resistance genes of fermentative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Zornic
- MD, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Department of Microbiology, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Lukovic
- MD, PhD, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, College of Health Sciences, Cara Dusana 254, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Petrovic
- MD, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Department of Microbiology, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jencic
- MD, Public Health Institute Pozarevac, Department of Microbiology, Jovana Serbanovica 14, 12000 Pozarevac, Serbia
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Hulen C, Racine PJ, Feuilloley M, Elomri A, Lomri NE. Effects of Verapamil and Two Bisbenzylisoquinolines, Curine and Guattegaumerine Extracted from Isolona hexaloba, on the Inhibition of ABC Transporters from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050700. [PMID: 35625344 PMCID: PMC9137725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of alkaloids, curine, guattegaumerine, and verapamil, on Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. These molecules did not inhibit P. aeruginosa growth but increased the sensitivity of this bacterium to carbenicillin, novobiocin, and erythromycin. The results of another study indicate that curine and guattegaumerine were competitors of verapamil and acted as inhibitors of eukaryotic ABCB1 efflux pump. A BLAST-P carried out between a bacterial MDR transporter LmrA from Lactococcus lactis, a human MDR1/P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), and ABC proteins of P.aeruginosa highlighted five potential candidates that have this bacterium. A study on the sensitivity to carbenicillin in the presence of verapamil allowed us to identify the product of gene PA1113 as the ABC transporter involved in the influx of carbenicillin. Similarly, novobiocin transport performed in the presence of verapamil and a docking analysis highlighted protein MsbA (Lipid A flippase, gene PA4997) as a potential candidate in novobiocin efflux. MsbA has previously been identified as a multidrug transporter in E. coli, and as P. aeruginosa MsbA presented 76% identity with E. coli MsbA, it is possible that novobiocin efflux involves this ABC transporter, accounting for about 30% of the bacterium resistance to this antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hulen
- Bacterial Communication and Antimicrobial Strategies Research Unit, University of Rouen Normandy, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 2700 Evreux, France; (C.H.); (P.-J.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Pierre-Jean Racine
- Bacterial Communication and Antimicrobial Strategies Research Unit, University of Rouen Normandy, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 2700 Evreux, France; (C.H.); (P.-J.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Marc Feuilloley
- Bacterial Communication and Antimicrobial Strategies Research Unit, University of Rouen Normandy, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 2700 Evreux, France; (C.H.); (P.-J.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Abdelhakim Elomri
- UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Nour-Eddine Lomri
- Bacterial Communication and Antimicrobial Strategies Research Unit, University of Rouen Normandy, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 2700 Evreux, France; (C.H.); (P.-J.R.); (M.F.)
- Department of Biology, UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 2 Ave A. Chauvin, 95302 Cergy-Pontoise, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-3425-6555
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Wu HN, Yuan EY, Li WB, Peng M, Zhang QY, Xie KL. Microbiological and Clinical Characteristics of Bloodstream Infections in General Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:876207. [PMID: 35573022 PMCID: PMC9097869 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.876207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infections (BSI) are one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitals; however, the pathogenic spectrum and bacterial antibiotic resistance vary across the world. Therefore, identifying the pathogenic spectrum and changes in bacterial antibiotic resistance is critical in controlling BSI and preventing the irrational use of antibiotics. This study evaluated the microbiological and clinical data of BSI patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital in Tianjin, China, to guide the selection of empirical antibiotic therapy. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens based on the clinical data of BSI patients presented in the ICU of a tertiary teaching hospital from 2018 to 2020. Test performance for the prediction of pathogen species was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results The analysis of the data of 382 BSI cases (10.40 cases per thousand patient day) revealed the most frequently isolated microorganisms to be Klebsiella pneumonia (11.52%), followed by Escherichia coli (9.95%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (9.95%), Candida parapsilosis (8.12%), and Enterococcus faecium (8.12%). Out of the isolated E. coli and K. pneumonia strains, 52.63, and 36.36%, respectively, were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive. The antibiotic-resistance rate of the ESBL-positive strains was 30.56% for piperacillin/tazobactam, 5.56% for imipenem, and 11.11% for tigecycline. In addition, most A. baumannii belonged to the group of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, with an antibiotic-resistance rate of 90.48% for meropenem and 16.00% for amikacin. However, polymyxin-resistant A. baumannii strains were not detected. Four strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (4/21, 19.05%) and one strain of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were detected, with a resistance rate of 4.76 and 2.32%, respectively. Among the isolated 55 fungal strains, C. parapsilosis was the most common one (30/55, 56.36%), with an antibiotic-resistance rate of 5.77% for voriconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole. The presence of amphotericin B-or flucytosine-resistant strains was not observed. Compared with the patients with Gram-positive and fungal pathogens, patients with Gram-negative bacteria exhibited the highest sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (P < 0.001), lowest Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (P = 0.010), lowest platelet (PLT) value (P < 0.001), highest plasma creatinine (Cr) value (P = 0.016), and the highest procalcitonin (PCT) value (P < 0.001). The AUC in the ROC curve was 0.698 for the differentiation of Gram-negative BSI from Gram-positive BSI. A cutoff value of 8.47 ng/mL for PCT indicated a sensitivity of 56.9% and a specificity of 75.5%. The AUC in the ROC curve was 0.612 for the differentiation of bacteremia from fungemia. A cutoff value of 4.19 ng/mL for PCT indicated a sensitivity of 56.8% and a specificity of 62.7%. Conclusion Among the bloodstream infection strains in ICU, Gram-negative bacteria have the highest drug resistance rate, and will cause more serious brain damage, renal function damage and thrombocytopenia. So clinician should pay more attention to the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria in patients with bloodstream infection in ICU. The test index of PCT can be used to distinguish Gram-negative bacteremia from Gram-positive and bacteremia from fungemia but not as an effective indicator, thereby indicating the need for further large-scale research.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ning Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Er-Yan Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke-Liang Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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10
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Scaglione V, Reale M, Davoli C, Mazzitelli M, Serapide F, Lionello R, La Gamba V, Fusco P, Bruni A, Procopio D, Garofalo E, Longhini F, Marascio N, Peronace C, Giancotti A, Gallo L, Matera G, Liberto MC, Cesana BM, Costa C, Trecarichi EM, Quirino A, Torti C. Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Over Time in a Third-Level University Hospital. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:425-435. [PMID: 34910885 PMCID: PMC9058886 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the spread and possible changes in resistance patterns of ESKAPE bacteria to first-choice antibiotics from 2015 to 2019 at a third-level university hospital after persuasive stewardship measures were implemented. Isolates were divided into three groups (group 1, low drug-resistant; group 2, multidrug/extremely drug-resistant; and group 3, pan-resistant bacteria) and a chi-squared test (χ2) was applied to determine differences in their distributions. Among the 2,521 isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently detected (31.1%). From 2015 to 2019, the frequency of isolates in groups 2 and 3 decreased from 70.1% to 48.6% (χ2 = 63.439; p < 0.0001). Stratifying isolates by bacterial species, for K. pneumoniae, the frequency of PDR isolates decreased from 20% to 1.3% (χ2 = 15.885; p = 0.003). For Acinetobacter baumannii, a statistically significant decrease was found in groups 2 and 3: from 100% to 83.3% (χ2 = 27.721; p < 0.001). Also, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp., the frequency of groups 2 and 3 decreased from 100% to 28.3% (χ2 = 225.287; p < 0.001) and from 75% to 48.7% (χ2 = 15.408; p = 0.003), respectively. These results indicate that a program consisting of persuasive stewardship measures, which were rolled out during the time frame of our study, may be useful to control drug-resistant bacteria in a hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Scaglione
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Reale
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Davoli
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Mazzitelli
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Serapide
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lionello
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina La Gamba
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Fusco
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Bruni
- Unit of Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Procopio
- Unit of Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garofalo
- Unit of Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federico Longhini
- Unit of Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cinzia Peronace
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Aida Giancotti
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigia Gallo
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Liberto
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Mario Cesana
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometrics and Bioinformatics "Giulio A. Maccacaro", Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Costa
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, "Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Quirino
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Torti
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Al-Sweih N, Jamal W, Mokaddas E, Habashy N, Kurdi A, Mohamed N. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of ceftaroline, ceftazidime/avibactam and comparator antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates from paediatric patients in Kuwait: ATLAS data 2012-19. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlab159. [PMID: 36479234 PMCID: PMC8648167 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report antimicrobial resistance data for Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens isolated from paediatric patients in three hospitals in Kuwait during 2012-19. METHODS In vitro activity of antimicrobials against isolates from documented infections was determined using CLSI broth microdilution method and breakpoints at a central laboratory. Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were screened for β-lactamases using multiplex PCR assays. Phenotypic determination of resistance in Haemophilus influenzae and Gram-positive isolates was performed using standard methodologies. RESULTS Among 515 Enterobacterales isolates, 29.3% were ESBL-positive; susceptibility was highest to amikacin, ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem (≥97.4%), regardless of ESBL status. CTX-M-15 was identified in 87.1% of ESBL-positive Escherichia coli and 84.2% of ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Of 111 P. aeruginosa isolates, 9.9% were MDR and 12.6% meropenem-resistant (MEM-R). Amikacin and ceftazidime/avibactam had the highest susceptibility rates in the overall group (≥92.8%), with reduced rates among MDR and MEM-R isolates. All 269 MRSA and 180 MSSA isolates were susceptible to daptomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, tigecycline and vancomycin. All MSSA and 99.3% of MRSA were ceftaroline susceptible. All 168 pneumococcal isolates were susceptible to ceftaroline, linezolid, tigecycline and vancomycin. H. influenzae and Streptococcus pyogenes ceftaroline susceptibility rates were ≥93.3% and ≥95.6%. CONCLUSIONS Most isolates of Enterobacterales (including resistant phenotypes) and P. aeruginosa from Kuwait during 2012-19 were susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam. Ceftaroline was active against most Gram-positive isolates, including resistant phenotypes, and ESBL-negative Enterobacterales. These results indicate that novel antibiotics such as ceftazidime/avibactam and ceftaroline represent valuable treatment options for paediatric infections, including those caused by MDR organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Al-Sweih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Wafaa Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Eiman Mokaddas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Nervana Habashy
- Pfizer Gulf FZ LLC, Pfizer Building, PO Box 502749, Dubai Media City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Ayman Kurdi
- Pfizer Gulf FZ LLC, Pfizer Building, PO Box 502749, Dubai Media City, Dubai, UAE
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12
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Sannathimmappa MB, Nambiar V, Aravindakshan R. Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii Strains: A Retrospective Study from Oman. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 9:254-260. [PMID: 34667473 PMCID: PMC8473995 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_855_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is of serious health concern and associated with high mortality. Data regarding the antibiotic resistance pattern of A. baumannii strains in Oman is limited. Objectives: To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of A. baumannii from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in the North-Batinah region of Oman. Methods: A. baumannii isolates recovered from various clinical samples in the Microbiology laboratory of Sohar Hospital, Oman, during 2015–2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Organism identification and their antibiotic resistance patterns were performed as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: A total of 1890 A. baumannii nonduplicate isolates were found from clinical samples of 1326 patients. The isolates were more frequently isolated from elderly patients (40%) and in-patient department patients (67%). Infection/colonization was more common among patients treated in the medicine, intensive-care unit, and surgery departments. A. baumannii strains were highly resistant (50-83%) to most of the tested antibiotics, with the highest against ceftriaxone (83%) and ceftazidime (75%), and lowest against colistin (1%) and tigecycline (8%). Among the isolates, 67% (1265) were MDR strains. Of these, 22%, 32% and 16% were resistant to all six, five and four classes of the tested antibiotics. Conclusion: The study found that the frequency of isolation of MDR A. baumannii isolates in the northern region of Oman is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan B Sannathimmappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar Campus, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Vinod Nambiar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar Campus, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rajeev Aravindakshan
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
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13
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"Occurrence of bla CTX-MGp1 and bla CTX-MGp26 in third generation cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenem- resistant bacterial isolates from southwest region of Saudi Arabia-a preliminary study". Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5408-5413. [PMID: 34466122 PMCID: PMC8381074 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was intended to identify the genes responsible for ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing bacterial isolates obtained from Jizan region. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months (15th November 2018–15th February 2019). Fifty non-duplicate, 3rd-generation cephalosporin and carbapenem-resistant isolates were collected from microbiology lab of a tertiary care hospital in Jizan province and were screened for ESBLs and MBLs by phenotypic methods (CDT). The positive isolates (by phenotypic method) were then scanned for the presence of blaESBLs and blaNDM-1 genes, respectively, by PCR. As a result, 10% isolates showed imipenem-cephalosporin co-resistance whereas 92% (46/50) of isolates were found to be ESBL producers by CDT. The maximum occurrence was observed for blaCTX-M (70%), followed by blaSHV (16%) and least occurrence was noted for blaTEM (12%). Moreover, 97% isolates (34/35) were of blaCTX-MGroup1 but one isolate showed the presence of blaCTX-M Group26. Despite the co-resistance of cephalosporin and carbapenem, 14% (7/50) were found to be MBL producer on phenotypic detection by Combination Disc Test (CDT), whereas all the isolates were found to be negative for blaNDM-1. Hence blaCTX-MGroup1 is present in quite high fraction followed by blaSHV in the bacterial isolates of Jizan region. Moreover, the occurrence of blaCTX-M Group1 and blaCTX-M Group26 in clinical isolates from the Jizan region of Saudi Arabia has been reported for the first time.
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14
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Cieślik M, Bagińska N, Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E. Animal Models in the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Phage Therapy for Infections Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria from the ESKAPE Group and the Reliability of Its Use in Humans. Microorganisms 2021; 9:206. [PMID: 33498243 PMCID: PMC7909267 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors emphasize how extremely important it is to highlight the role played by animal models in an attempt to determine possible phage interactions with the organism into which it was introduced as well as to determine the safety and effectiveness of phage therapy in vivo taking into account the individual conditions of a given organism and its physiology. Animal models in which phages are used make it possible, among other things, to evaluate the effective therapeutic dose and to choose the possible route of phage administration depending on the type of infection developed. These results cannot be applied in detail to the human body, but the knowledge gained from animal experiments is invaluable and very helpful. We would like to highlight how useful animal models may be for the possible effectiveness evaluation of phage therapy in the case of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria from the ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species) group of pathogens. In this review, we focus specifically on the data from the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Cieślik
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.C.); (N.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Natalia Bagińska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.C.); (N.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.C.); (N.B.); (A.G.)
- Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.C.); (N.B.); (A.G.)
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15
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Tang B, Yang H, Jia X, Feng Y. Coexistence and characterization of Tet(X5) and NDM-3 in the MDR-Acinetobacter indicus of duck origin. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104697. [PMID: 33347964 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tigecycline and carbapenem are last-resort antibiotics for serious infections caused by pathogens with multi-drug resistance (MDR). Whereas, bacterial pathogens with co-resistance to tigecycline and carbapenem are poorly addressed. Here we report a tigecycline- and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter indicus strain HY20 of duck origin, which co-produces Tet(X5) and NDM-3. Tet(X5) is harbored by a novel plasmid pAI01 (116,992 bp long), which carries 10 antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRs), and heavy metal resistance system cobalt-zinc-cadmium (czc) gene cluster. Unlike that tet(X5) is located in the res-tet(X5)-xerD segment of plasmid, the chromosomal blaNDM-3 is flanked by insertion ISAba125. Collectively, our result represents an example of co-carriage of tet(X5) and blaNDM-3, heightening the importance of AMR surveillance needed in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products & Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China; Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products & Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Youjun Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Microbiology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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