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Manjunath P, Ahmad J, Samal J, Rani A, Sheikh JA, Zarin S, Ahuja Y, Alam A, Hasnain SE, Ehtesham NZ. Expression of a unique M. tuberculosis DNA MTase Rv1509 in M. smegmatis alters the gene expression pattern and enhances virulence. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1344857. [PMID: 38803374 PMCID: PMC11129820 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1344857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) genome encompasses 4,173 genes, about a quarter of which remain uncharacterized and hypothetical. Considering the current limitations associated with the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, it is imperative to comprehend the pathomechanism of the disease and host-pathogen interactions to identify new drug targets for intervention strategies. Using in-silico comparative genome analysis, we identified one of the M. tb genes, Rv1509, as a signature protein exclusively present in M. tb. To explore the role of Rv1509, a likely methyl transferase, we constructed a knock-in Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) constitutively expressing Rv1509 (Ms_Rv1509). The Ms_Rv1509 led to differential expression of many transcriptional regulator genes as assessed by RNA-seq analysis. Further, in-vitro and in-vivo studies demonstrated an enhanced survival of Ms_Rv1509 inside the host macrophages. Ms_Rv1509 also promoted phagolysosomal escape inside macrophages to boost bacterial replication and dissemination. In-vivo infection studies revealed that Ms_Rv1509 survives better than BCG and causes pathological manifestations in the pancreas after intraperitoneal infection. Long-time survival of Ms_Rv1509 resulted in lymphocyte migration, increased T regulatory cells, giant cell formation, and likely granuloma formation in the pancreas, pointing toward the role of Rv1509 in M. tb pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Manjunath
- Inflammation Biology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javeed Ahmad
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jasmine Samal
- Inflammation Biology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshu Rani
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sheeba Zarin
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yashika Ahuja
- Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anwar Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seyed E. Hasnain
- Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasreen Z. Ehtesham
- Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Plum MTW, Cheung HC, Iscar PR, Chen Y, Gan YH, Basler M. Burkholderia thailandensis uses a type VI secretion system to lyse protrusions without triggering host cell responses. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:676-692.e5. [PMID: 38640929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
To spread within a host, intracellular Burkholderia form actin tails to generate membrane protrusions into neighboring host cells and use type VI secretion system-5 (T6SS-5) to induce cell-cell fusions. Here, we show that B. thailandensis also uses T6SS-5 to lyse protrusions to directly spread from cell to cell. Dynamin-2 recruitment to the membrane near a bacterium was followed by a short burst of T6SS-5 activity. This resulted in the polymerization of the actin of the newly invaded host cell and disruption of the protrusion membrane. Most protrusion lysis events were dependent on dynamin activity, caused no cell-cell fusion, and failed to be recognized by galectin-3. T6SS-5 inactivation decreased protrusion lysis but increased galectin-3, LC3, and LAMP1 accumulation in host cells. Our results indicate that B. thailandensis specifically activates T6SS-5 assembly in membrane protrusions to disrupt host cell membranes and spread without alerting cellular responses, such as autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoi Ching Cheung
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yahua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Marek Basler
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Savelkoel J, Tiemensma M, Birnie E, Wiersinga WJ, Currie BJ, Roelofs JJTH. A Graphical Overview of the Histopathology of Human Melioidosis: A Case Series. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad367. [PMID: 37547853 PMCID: PMC10400137 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, has a major global health impact and a wide range of different disease manifestations. Histopathological descriptions of melioidosis remain limited. Granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells are considered classic features. We aim to present a graphical overview of histopathological manifestations of melioidosis, serving as an aid in diagnosing this disease. Methods We performed a retrospective international multicenter laboratory-based analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from culture-confirmed melioidosis autopsy and biopsy cases. Available FFPE tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunostainings including a monoclonal antibody targeting the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of B pseudomallei. Tissue with site-specific cultures and/or positive CPS staining were included in the graphical histopathological overview. Results We identified tissue of 8 autopsy and 5 biopsy cases. Pneumonia and soft tissue abscesses were the leading foci of disease displaying mainly necrosis and suppuration. Infrequent disease manifestations included involvement of bone marrow and adrenal glands in an autopsy case and biopsied mediastinal tissue, the latter being the only case in which we identified multinucleated giant cells. Using the CPS staining, we demonstrated granulomata as part of rare gastric tissue involvement. Conclusions We found fatal melioidosis to be a necrotizing and suppurative inflammation, usually without multinucleated giant cell formation. Gastric and mediastinal involvement points to ingestion and inhalation as possible routes of infection. The CPS staining proved beneficial as an aid to establish a histopathological diagnosis. Our graphical overview can be used by infectious diseases specialists, microbiologists, and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer Savelkoel
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Tiemensma
- Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Emma Birnie
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J Currie
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Clinical and Pathological Findings Associated with Mycobacteriosis in Captive Syngnathids. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233259. [PMID: 36496780 PMCID: PMC9735937 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is an important disease that affects captive and wild aquatic fish. Syngnathids are susceptible to infection by non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The aim of this study was to describe clinical signs, and macroscopic and histological lesions in 25 syngnathids and the molecular characterization of the causative mycobacteria. Clinical presentation ranged from sudden death to non-specific signs, including anorexia, poor body condition, weight loss and marked dyspnea with increased respiratory effort and rate. Gross lesions were mostly ulcers on the tail and small white nodules in the liver, coelomic cavity and inside the eye. The most affected organs were gills, liver, intestine and coelomic mesentery. Microscopic lesions consisted of areas of multifocal to diffuse granulomatous inflammation and bacterial emboli with numerous intralesional acid-fast bacilli. Epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes and fibrous connective tissue, which are commonly observed in granulomatous inflammation, were not observed here. In the real-time PCR, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae and M. marinum common primers, Mycobacterium spp. were detected in 4, 7 and 14 individuals, respectively. In addition, this is the first description of mycobacteriosis found in Syngnathus acus.
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Evaluating the Contribution of the Predicted Toxin-Antitoxin System HigBA to Persistence, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence in Burkholderia pseudomallei. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0003522. [PMID: 35695502 PMCID: PMC9302164 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00035-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is an underreported human disease caused by the Gram-negative intracellular pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bpm). Both the treatment and the clearance of the pathogen are challenging, with high relapse rates leading to latent infections. This has been linked to the bacterial persistence phenomenon, a growth arrest strategy that allows bacteria to survive under stressful conditions, as in the case of antibiotic treatment, within a susceptible clonal population. At a molecular level, this phenomenon has been associated with the presence of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. We annotated the Bpm K96243 genome and selected 11 pairs of genes encoding for these TA systems, and their expression was evaluated under different conditions (supralethal antibiotic conditions; intracellular survival bacteria). The predicted HigB toxin (BPSL3343) and its predicted antitoxin HigA (BPS_RS18025) were further studied using mutant construction. The phenotypes of two mutants (ΔhigB and ΔhigB ΔhigA) were evaluated under different conditions compared to the wild-type (WT) strain. The ΔhigB toxin mutant showed a defect in intracellular survival on macrophages, a phenotype that was eliminated after levofloxacin treatment. We found that the absence of the toxin provides an advantage over the WT strain, in both in vitro and in vivo models, during persister conditions induced by levofloxacin. The lack of the antitoxin also resulted in differential responses to the conditions evaluated, and under some conditions, it restored the WT phenotype, overall suggesting that both toxin and antitoxin components play a role in the persister-induced phenotype in Bpm.
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Kaewpan A, Duangurai T, Rungruengkitkun A, Muangkaew W, Kanjanapruthipong T, Jitprasutwit N, Ampawong S, Sukphopetch P, Chantratita N, Pumirat P. Burkholderia pseudomallei pathogenesis in human skin fibroblasts: A Bsa type III secretion system is involved in the invasion, multinucleated giant cell formation, and cellular damage. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261961. [PMID: 35113856 PMCID: PMC8812868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei-a causative agent of melioidosis that is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia-is a Gram-negative bacterium transmitted to humans via inhalation, inoculation through skin abrasions, and ingestion. Melioidosis causes a range of clinical presentations including skin infection, pneumonia, and septicemia. Despite skin infection being one of the clinical symptoms of melioidosis, the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei in skin fibroblasts has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated B. pseudomallei pathogenesis in the HFF-1 human skin fibroblasts. On the basis of co-culture assays between different B. pseudomallei clinical strains and the HFF-1 human skin fibroblasts, we found that all B. pseudomallei strains have the ability to mediate invasion, intracellular replication, and multinucleated giant cell (MNGC) formation. Furthermore, all strains showed a significant increase in cytotoxicity in human fibroblasts, which coincides with the augmented expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Using B. pseudomallei mutants, we showed that the B. pseudomallei Bsa type III secretion system (T3SS) contributes to skin fibroblast pathogenesis, but O-polysaccharide, capsular polysaccharide, and short-chain dehydrogenase metabolism do not play a role in this process. Taken together, our findings reveal a probable connection for the Bsa T3SS in B. pseudomallei infection of skin fibroblasts, and this may be linked to the pathogenesis of cutaneous melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anek Kaewpan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taksaon Duangurai
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amporn Rungruengkitkun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharamat Muangkaew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tapanee Kanjanapruthipong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Niramol Jitprasutwit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Passanesh Sukphopetch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sanchez-Villamil JI, Tapia D, Khakhum N, Widen SG, Torres AG. Dual RNA-seq reveals a type 6 secretion system-dependent blockage of TNF-α signaling and BicA as a Burkholderia pseudomallei virulence factor important during gastrointestinal infection. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2111950. [PMID: 35984745 PMCID: PMC9397134 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a disease caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bpm), commonly found in soil and water of endemic areas. Naturally acquired human melioidosis infections can result from either exposure through percutaneous inoculation, inhalation, or ingestion of soil-contaminated food or water. Our prior studies recognized Bpm as an effective enteric pathogen, capable of establishing acute or chronic gastrointestinal infections following oral inoculation. However, the specific mechanisms and virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of Bpm during intestinal infection are unknown. In our current study, we standardized an in vitro intestinal infection model using primary intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and demonstrated that Bpm requires a functional T6SS for full virulence. Further, we performed dual RNA-seq analysis on Bpm-infected IECs to evaluate differentially expressed host and bacterial genes in the presence or absence of a T6SS. Our results showed a dysregulation in the TNF-α signaling via NF-κB pathway in the absence of the T6SS, with some of the genes involved in inflammatory processes and cell death also affected. Analysis of the bacterial transcriptome identified virulence factors and regulatory proteins playing a role during infection, with association to the T6SS. By using a Bpm transposon mutant library and isogenic mutants, we showed that deletion of the bicA gene, encoding a putative T3SS/T6SS regulator, ablated intracellular survival and plaque formation by Bpm and impacted survival and virulence when using murine models of acute and chronic gastrointestinal infection. Overall, these results highlight the importance of the type 6 secretion system in the gastrointestinal pathogenesis of Bpm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Tapia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Nittaya Khakhum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven G. Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Tang J, Frascaroli G, Zhou X, Knickmann J, Brune W. Cell Fusion and Syncytium Formation in Betaherpesvirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101973. [PMID: 34696402 PMCID: PMC8537622 DOI: 10.3390/v13101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell fusion is a fundamental and complex process that occurs during reproduction, organ and tissue growth, cancer metastasis, immune response, and infection. All enveloped viruses express one or more proteins that drive the fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes. The same proteins can mediate the fusion of the plasma membranes of adjacent cells, leading to the formation of multinucleated syncytia. While cell–cell fusion triggered by alpha- and gammaherpesviruses is well-studied, much less is known about the fusogenic potential of betaherpesviruses such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7). These are slow-growing viruses that are highly prevalent in the human population and associated with several diseases, particularly in individuals with an immature or impaired immune system such as fetuses and transplant recipients. While HHV-6 and HHV-7 are strictly lymphotropic, HCMV infects a very broad range of cell types including epithelial, endothelial, mesenchymal, and myeloid cells. Syncytia have been observed occasionally for all three betaherpesviruses, both during in vitro and in vivo infection. Since cell–cell fusion may allow efficient spread to neighboring cells without exposure to neutralizing antibodies and other host immune factors, viral-induced syncytia may be important for viral dissemination, long-term persistence, and pathogenicity. In this review, we provide an overview of the viral and cellular factors and mechanisms identified so far in the process of cell–cell fusion induced by betaherpesviruses and discuss the possible consequences for cellular dysfunction and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Tang
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.T.); (G.F.); (X.Z.); (J.K.)
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Giada Frascaroli
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.T.); (G.F.); (X.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.T.); (G.F.); (X.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Knickmann
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.T.); (G.F.); (X.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Wolfram Brune
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.T.); (G.F.); (X.Z.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Qiao W, Xie H, Fang J, Shen J, Li W, Shen D, Wu J, Wu S, Liu X, Zheng Y, Cheung KMC, Yeung KWK. Sequential activation of heterogeneous macrophage phenotypes is essential for biomaterials-induced bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121038. [PMID: 34339925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage has been gradually recognized as a central regulator in tissue regeneration, and the study of how macrophage mediates biomaterials-induced bone regeneration through immunomodulatory pathway becomes popular. However, the current understanding on the roles of different macrophage phenotypes in regulating bone tissue regeneration remains controversial. In this study, we demonstrate that sequential infiltration of heterogeneous phenotypes of macrophages triggered by bio-metal ions effectively facilitates bone healing in bone defect. Indeed, M1 macrophages promote the recruitment and early commitment of osteogenic and angiogenic progenitors, while M2 macrophages and osteoclasts support the deposition and mineralization of the bone matrix, as well as the maturation of blood vessels. Moreover, we have identified a group of bone biomaterial-related multinucleated cells that behave similarly to M2 macrophages with wound-healing features rather than participate in the bone resorption cascade similarly to osteoclasts. Our study shows how sequential activation of macrophage-osteoclast lineage contribute to a highly orchestrated immune response in the bone tissue microenvironment around biomaterials to regulate the complex biological process of bone healing. Therefore, we believe that the temporal activation pattern of heterogeneous macrophage phenotypes should be considered when the next generation of biomaterials for bone regeneration is engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Huizhi Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Jinghan Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Wenting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Danni Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China; Cixi Center of Biomaterials Surface Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Kenneth M C Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China; Cixi Center of Biomaterials Surface Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, PR China.
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BipD of Burkholderia pseudomallei: Structure, Functions, and Detection Methods. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040711. [PMID: 33808203 PMCID: PMC8067316 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a severe disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei), a Gram-negative environmental bacterium. It is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, but it is underreported in many other countries. The principal routes of entry for B. pseudomallei are skin penetration, inhalation, and ingestion. It mainly affects immunocompromised populations, especially patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis is challenging due to its non-specific clinical manifestations, which mimic other severe infections. The culture method is considered an imperfect gold standard for the diagnosis of melioidosis due to its low sensitivity. Antibody detection has low sensitivity and specificity due to the high seropositivity among healthy people in endemic regions. Antigen detection using various proteins has been tested for the rapid determination of B. pseudomallei; however, it presents certain limitations in terms of its sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, this review aims to frame the present knowledge of a potential target known as the Burkholderia invasion protein D (BipD), including future directions for its detection using an aptamer-based sensor (aptasensor).
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Grund ME, Choi Soo J, Cote CK, Berisio R, Lukomski S. Thinking Outside the Bug: Targeting Outer Membrane Proteins for Burkholderia Vaccines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030495. [PMID: 33668922 PMCID: PMC7996558 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance due to misuse and overuse of antimicrobials, as well as a lack of new and innovative antibiotics in development has become an alarming global threat. Preventative therapeutics, like vaccines, are combative measures that aim to stop infections at the source, thereby decreasing the overall use of antibiotics. Infections due to Gram-negative pathogens pose a significant treatment challenge because of substantial multidrug resistance that is acquired and spread throughout the bacterial population. Burkholderia spp. are Gram-negative intrinsically resistant bacteria that are responsible for environmental and nosocomial infections. The Burkholderia cepacia complex are respiratory pathogens that primarily infect immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients, and are acquired through contaminated products and equipment, or via patient-to-patient transmission. The Burkholderia pseudomallei complex causes percutaneous wound, cardiovascular, and respiratory infections. Transmission occurs through direct exposure to contaminated water, water-vapors, or soil, leading to the human disease melioidosis, or the equine disease glanders. Currently there is no licensed vaccine against any Burkholderia pathogen. This review will discuss Burkholderia vaccine candidates derived from outer membrane proteins, OmpA, OmpW, Omp85, and Bucl8, encompassing their structures, conservation, and vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Grund
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.E.G.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Jeon Choi Soo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.E.G.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Christopher K. Cote
- Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Slawomir Lukomski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (M.E.G.); (S.J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-304-293-6405
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