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Knickmann J, Staliunaite L, Puhach O, Ostermann E, Günther T, Nichols J, Jarvis MA, Voigt S, Grundhoff A, Davison AJ, Brune W. A simple method for rapid cloning of complete herpesvirus genomes. Cell Rep Methods 2024; 4:100696. [PMID: 38266652 PMCID: PMC10921015 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Herpesviruses are large DNA viruses and include important human and veterinary pathogens. Their genomes can be cloned as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and genetically engineered in Escherichia coli using BAC recombineering methods. While the recombineering methods are efficient, the initial BAC-cloning step remains laborious. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a simple, rapid, and efficient BAC-cloning method based on single-step transformation-associated recombination (STAR) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The linear viral genome is directly integrated into a vector comprising a yeast centromeric plasmid and a BAC replicon. Following transfer into E. coli, the viral genome can be modified using standard BAC recombineering techniques. We demonstrate the speed, fidelity, and broad applicability of STAR by cloning two strains of both rat cytomegalovirus (a betaherpesvirus) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (a gammaherpesvirus). STAR cloning facilitates the functional genetic analysis of herpesviruses and other large DNA viruses and their use as vaccines and therapeutic vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Knickmann
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Olha Puhach
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jenna Nichols
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK; The Vaccine Group Ltd., Plymouth, UK
| | - Sebastian Voigt
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wolfram Brune
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany.
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Creutznacher R, Maass T, Dülfer J, Feldmann C, Hartmann V, Lane MS, Knickmann J, Westermann LT, Thiede L, Smith TJ, Uetrecht C, Mallagaray A, Waudby CA, Taube S, Peters T. Distinct dissociation rates of murine and human norovirus P-domain dimers suggest a role of dimer stability in virus-host interactions. Commun Biol 2022; 5:563. [PMID: 35680964 PMCID: PMC9184547 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus capsids are icosahedral particles composed of 90 dimers of the major capsid protein VP1. The C-terminus of the VP1 proteins forms a protruding (P)-domain, mediating receptor attachment, and providing a target for neutralizing antibodies. NMR and native mass spectrometry directly detect P-domain monomers in solution for murine (MNV) but not for human norovirus (HuNoV). We report that the binding of glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) stabilizes MNV-1 P-domain dimers (P-dimers) and induces long-range NMR chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) within loops involved in antibody and receptor binding, likely reflecting corresponding conformational changes. Global line shape analysis of monomer and dimer cross-peaks in concentration-dependent methyl TROSY NMR spectra yields a dissociation rate constant koff of about 1 s−1 for MNV-1 P-dimers. For structurally closely related HuNoV GII.4 Saga P-dimers a value of about 10−6 s−1 is obtained from ion-exchange chromatography, suggesting essential differences in the role of GCDCA as a cofactor for MNV and HuNoV infection. NMR and native mass spectrometry reveal that the major capsid VP1 protein from murine and human norovirus exhibit distinct behaviors and are differentially regulated by the binding of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.
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Klein C, Borsche M, Balck A, Föh B, Rahmöller J, Peters E, Knickmann J, Lane M, Vollstedt EJ, Elsner SA, Käding N, Hauswaldt S, Lange T, Hundt JE, Lehrian S, Giese J, Mischnik A, Niemann S, Maurer F, Homolka S, Paulowski L, Kramer J, Twesten C, Sina C, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Busch H, Ehlers M, Taube S, Rupp J, Katalinic A. One-year surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 transmission of the ELISA cohort: A model for population-based monitoring of infection risk. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm5016. [PMID: 35427158 PMCID: PMC9012459 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With newly rising coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, important data gaps remain on (i) long-term dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rates in fixed cohorts (ii) identification of risk factors, and (iii) establishment of effective surveillance strategies. By polymerase chain reaction and antibody testing of 1% of the local population and >90,000 app-based datasets, the present study surveilled a catchment area of 300,000 inhabitants from March 2020 to February 2021. Cohort (56% female; mean age, 45.6 years) retention was 75 to 98%. Increased risk for seropositivity was detected in several high-exposure groups, especially nurses. Unreported infections dropped from 92 to 29% during the study. "Contact to COVID-19-affected" was the strongest risk factor, whereas public transportation, having children in school, or tourism did not affect infection rates. With the first SARS-CoV-2 cohort study, we provide a transferable model for effective surveillance, enabling monitoring of reinfection rates and increased preparedness for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Max Borsche
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Balck
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeckand and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bandik Föh
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johann Rahmöller
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elke Peters
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Knickmann
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Miranda Lane
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eva-Juliane Vollstedt
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susanne A. Elsner
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nadja Käding
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susanne Hauswaldt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer E. Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Selina Lehrian
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Giese
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Niemann
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
| | - Florian Maurer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Susanne Homolka
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Laura Paulowski
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jan Kramer
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- LADR Laboratory Group Dr. Kramer & Colleagues, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Taube
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Katalinic
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Tang J, Frascaroli G, Zhou X, Knickmann J, Brune W. Cell Fusion and Syncytium Formation in Betaherpesvirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101973. [PMID: 34696402 PMCID: PMC8537622 DOI: 10.3390/v13101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell fusion is a fundamental and complex process that occurs during reproduction, organ and tissue growth, cancer metastasis, immune response, and infection. All enveloped viruses express one or more proteins that drive the fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes. The same proteins can mediate the fusion of the plasma membranes of adjacent cells, leading to the formation of multinucleated syncytia. While cell–cell fusion triggered by alpha- and gammaherpesviruses is well-studied, much less is known about the fusogenic potential of betaherpesviruses such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7). These are slow-growing viruses that are highly prevalent in the human population and associated with several diseases, particularly in individuals with an immature or impaired immune system such as fetuses and transplant recipients. While HHV-6 and HHV-7 are strictly lymphotropic, HCMV infects a very broad range of cell types including epithelial, endothelial, mesenchymal, and myeloid cells. Syncytia have been observed occasionally for all three betaherpesviruses, both during in vitro and in vivo infection. Since cell–cell fusion may allow efficient spread to neighboring cells without exposure to neutralizing antibodies and other host immune factors, viral-induced syncytia may be important for viral dissemination, long-term persistence, and pathogenicity. In this review, we provide an overview of the viral and cellular factors and mechanisms identified so far in the process of cell–cell fusion induced by betaherpesviruses and discuss the possible consequences for cellular dysfunction and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Tang
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.T.); (G.F.); (X.Z.); (J.K.)
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Giada Frascaroli
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.T.); (G.F.); (X.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.T.); (G.F.); (X.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Knickmann
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.T.); (G.F.); (X.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Wolfram Brune
- Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (J.T.); (G.F.); (X.Z.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
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